Kyle J. Norton
People who turn to alternative medicine for the treatment of disease in avoidance of adverse effects induced by conventional medicine should be patient. Compared to herbal medicine, food therapy takes significantly longer in times to ease symptoms, depending on the stages of the treatment which directly address the cause of the disease.
Epidemiological studies strongly suggested that the intake of black beans may associate with reduced risk and treatment of various types of cancers(1)(2).
Cancer is a class of chronic conditions characterized by irregular cell growth in the body's organs. Sometimes, the cancer cells can spread to other tissues or organs depending on the stages of the cancer..
Black bean, a small roughly ovoid legume with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongings to the family Fabaceae can be bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that the black bean was the first domesticated growth in South America.
1. Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a condition of the abnormal growth of the cells in the liver's tissue. According to statistics approximately 40,710 adults (29,200 men and 11,510 women) in the United States will be diagnosed with primary liver cancer this year.
According to Stocking Hall, Cornell University, phytochemicals isolated from black beans such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds exhibited antiproliferative activities against the HepG2 cells(3), the human liver cancer cell line.
The efficacy of black beans in ameliorating the growth of liver cancer may be attributed to the presence of some potent antioxidants in the expression of apoptosis.
Consumption of beans not only played a prominent role in gene expression(4) involved the regulation of gene Hspa8 in reduced risk of liver disease developed, but also addressed the important issue of attenuated hepatic stress or toxicity in rat models.
Increased bean consumption in rats exhibits changes indicative of hepatic damage, Dr. Daniell EL, the lead author said, "Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption is associated with reduced risk for a number of chronic diseases", such as liver cancer.
Dietary bean concentrations.is found to associate to the cholesterol 7α hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes(4) increased with connection to the development of liver cancer, in a dose-dependent manner.
2. Breast Cancer
Breast cancer in most cases, starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. but in rare instances, breast cancer may arise from other areas of the breast.
In the study of water-soluble condensed tannins isolated from black beans against Hs578T breast cancer cells, the preparation at 0.24-24 microM in dose-dependent induced cancer cell death by apoptosis but did not affect the growth of normal cells(5), as shown by observation assay.
The efficacy of water-soluble black bean condensed tannins at 24 microM in suppressing the breast cancer cells(5) may be attributed to the phytochemical in reduced coagulation of remaining blood in stimulated cancer cell migration and regulated the growth of breast tumor in the formation of new blood vessels.
According to the National Taiwan University, a fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture (BN999) showed a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer AU565 cells in increased expression of multiple apoptotic regulators in induced apoptosis(6).
The fermentation product also exerted an impressive activity in induced apoptosis in various human cancer cells but not in normal human cells, Dr, Chia JS, the lead author insisted.
Dr. Dong M, the lead researcher at Cornell University, in the finding of major phytochemicals of black bean which may have a powerful effect in the treatment of breast cancer, suggested, that out of newly found flavonoids, only 6 (5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 19, 20) of them showed potent antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells(7).
3. Osteosarcoma
Osteocarcinoma is a condition of bone cancer caused by irregular cell growth in bone, affecting mostly adolescents and young adults.
According to The Chinese University of Hong Kong, hemagglutinin isolated from an edible legume, namely black bean, showed an anti-proliferative activity(8) against tumor cell lines MG-63(8) and HepG2(8) but not the normal cell line.
Malignant osteosarcoma cells treated with the phytochemical also exerted a significant effect in shrinking tumor cells as well as inducing apoptosis.
The study also stated that hemagglutinin also induced cell death by interfering with the first stage of tumor cell division in an expression of a protein, RNA, and DNA and inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization(8) in controlling the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell
Furthermore, the study also suggested that the efficacy of hemagglutinin in causing cell death may be attributed to the function of protein in increased regulation of pro-inflammatory expressions(8)
Dr. Dan X, the lead author said, "A novel hemagglutinin from an edible legume (showed) a growth-inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma and liver cancer cells" and " The hemagglutinating activity of this hemagglutinin was demonstrated to be ion-dependent and stable over a wide range of temperature and pH values".
4. Prostate Cancer
According to the National Taiwan University, fermentation products BN999, including black bean processed an anti-prostate cancer effect through an expression of the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cell line.
BN999, the product mixture induced cancer cell death by activating the protein gene involved in pro-cancer cell apoptosis via cell mediatory activities(9), including a network of membranous anatomical structures and double membrane-bound organelle in energy conversion.
Most importantly, BN999 targets the prostate and other cancer cells without affecting normal human cells and inducing obvious side effects(9).
The investigation of water-soluble black bean condensed tannins isolated from black beans showed significant activity in induced cancer cell death by apoptosis without affecting the growth of normal cells, in a dose-dependent manner(10).
Additionally, the study also addressed that the efficacy of water-soluble in induced prostate cancer cell death may be attributed to a direct effect in decreasing cancer cell energy molecules and formation of cell structure.
Dr. Bawadi HA(10), the lead author indicated, after 24 h of injection, water-soluble black bean condensed tannins showed a strongly reduced coagulation of blood in stimulated cancer cell migration and regulated mechanisms involved the growth of prostate cancer in the formation of new blood vessels.
5. Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a medical condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the large intestine.
In a study of rats injected with azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer or saline and one week later administered an AIN, black bean (BB) and soy flour (SF)--based diet, researchers found that mice fed with black bean showed a significant expression in attenuated gene expression in colon carcinogenesis by modulating cellular kinetics and reducing inflammation(11).
Another experiment to test the prevalence of high bean intake and low incidence of colon cancer in many Latin American countries in 53-wk-old weanling male F344 rats randomly assigned by weight to the following groups: control (11 rats), casein diet (21 rats), and bean diet (21 rats), with animals fed the casein and bean diets treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) once weekly for 2 wk, the results returned showed significantly fewer colon adenocarcinomas (P < 0.05) in rat fed with bean diet in compared control and rats fed the casein diet(12).
Rats fed with a bean diet also expressed a lesser in tumor multiplication observed by tumors per tumor-bearing rat than in casein-fed rats.
Dt. Hughes JS, the lead researcher said, "Dry beans contain anticarcinogenic compounds capable of inhibiting AOM-induced colon cancer in rats. However, the specific anticarcinogenic components within dry beans have not been identified".
But suggested that the efficacy of beans in reducing colon cancer risk may be a result of the dietary fiber, phytochemicals, or other components within dry beans(12),...
Promisingly, the results of rats fed a modified AIN-93G diet (control) or diets containing 75% black beans or 75% navy beans for 4 wk, and then colon cancer initiated by the administration of two injections of azoxymethane 1 wk apart, also postulated a lower incidence of colon cancer in rats fed the black bean (9%) in compared navy bean (14%) diets than in rats fed the control diet (36%) at 31 weeks(13).
Rats fed the black bean also significantly lower total tumor multiplicity compared to the control(13).
The findings suggested that black beans with abundant bioactive chemical compounds such as genistein, flavanols, and saponins. may be considered as a functional food and an integrated form of injection for reduced risk and treatment of various types of malignant tumors. However, raw black beans containing phytohenagglutinin can be toxic to the liver in high amounts (14).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Common Beans and Their Non-Digestible Fraction: Cancer Inhibitory Activity—An Overview by Rocio Campos-Vega,1,* B Dave Oomah,2,† Guadalupe Loarca-Piña,1,† and Haydé Azeneth Vergara-Castañeda3(PMC)(2) Fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells by Chia JS1, Du JL, Wu MS, Hsu WB, Chiang CP, Sun A, Lu JJ, Wang WB. (PubMed)
(3) Phytochemicals of black bean seed coats: isolation, structure elucidation, and their antiproliferative and antioxidative activities by Dong M1, He X, Liu RH. (PubMed)
(4) Dietary dry bean effects on hepatic expression of stress and toxicity-related genes in rats by Daniell EL1, Ryan EP, Brick MA, Thompson HJ. (PubMed)
(5) Inhibition of Caco-2 colon, MCF-7, and Hs578T breast, and DU 145 prostatic cancer cell proliferation by water-soluble black bean condensed tannins by Bawadi HA1, Bansode RR, Trappey A 2nd, Truax RE, Losso JN.(PubMed)
(6) Fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells by Chia JS1, Du JL, Wu MS, Hsu WB, Chiang CP, Sun A, Lu JJ, Wang WB. (PubMed)
(7) Phytochemicals of black bean seed coats: isolation, structure elucidation, and their antiproliferative and antioxidative activities by Dong M1, He X, Liu RH. (PubMed)
(8) Purification and Characterization of a Novel Hemagglutinin with Inhibitory Activity toward Osteocarcinoma Cells from Northeast China Black Beans by Dan X1, Wong JH1, Fang EF2, Chan FC3, Ng TB1(PubMed).
(9) Fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells by Chia JS1, Du JL, Wu MS, Hsu WB, Chiang CP, Sun A, Lu JJ, Wang WB. (PubMed)
(10) Dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiological Follow-up Study cohort by Tseng M1, Breslow RA, DeVellis RF, Ziegler RG. (PubMed)
(11) Microarray Analyses of Genes Differentially Expressed by Diet (Black Beans and Soy Flour) during Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats by Rondini EA1, Bennink MR. (PubMed)
(12) Dry beans inhibit azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats by Hughes JS1, Ganthavorn C, Wilson-Sanders S.(PubMed)
(13) Consumption of black beans and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) reduced azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats by Hangen L1, Bennink MR. (PubMed)
(14) Spleen and thymus histology and proliferative response of splenic cells in rats fed raw and cooked Phaseolus vulgaris beans by Toro F1, Benshimol AL, González Elorriaga M, Soyano A.(PubMed)
Wednesday, 5 July 2023
The Anti-#BenignProstaticHyperplasia(BPH) Whole Foods, Studies Suggest
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a condition of increased numbers of cells of prostate tissues, causing partial, or sometimes virtually complete obstruction of the urinary tract.
According to statistics, BPH commonly starts at the age of 30 and symptoms usually can not be realized until the age of 50.
More than half of men between the ages of 60-70 experience symptoms of BPH and only 10% are required treatment.
The suggestion of BPH is associated with nutritional status and eating habits, according to the study, 30 male patients with clinically confirmed and treated disease of the prostatic gland, including 15 men (aged 51-75 years) with BPH and 15 men (aged 51-73 years) with PC, indicated that improper nutritional status leading to incorrect nutritional habits and failing to improve their health may be the cause of the development of some diet-dependent diseases, such as BPH and prostate cancer(a).
A proper diet with vegetables, fruits containing zinc may reduce the risk of the disease from initiation(b)(c).
Epidemiological studies, indicated intake of vegetables and fruits accompanied with a healthy lifestyle may be associated with prevented risk and treatment of enlarged prostate(d)(e)(f)in inhibited overproduction of prostate cells through antioxidant activity (g)(h).
Top 5 Foods for Reducing Risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)
1. Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drink or food with the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergo minimal oxidation during processing, and originated from China.
Green tea is a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptionally in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
In the examine the levels and activity of androgen hormones associated with the risk of BPH, researchers indicated that the application of green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, modulated the expression of androgenic activity in reduced progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
These results suggested that EGCG may be useful for the treatment of various hormone-related abnormalities, including benign prostatic hyperplasia(29)(32)
5 alpha-reductase activity long has been suspected to have a significant impact in the induction of early onset of benign prostatic hyperplasia,
According to the study conducted by the Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, and The Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, the administration of green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exerts a strong effect in replacing the gallate ester with long-chain fatty acids in acting as a potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors(30).
The study by Oregon State University also indicated that the combination of soy and tea attenuated prostate malignancy by decreasing prostate hyperplasia in male noble rats implanted with estradiol and testosterone(31)
2. Coffee
Coffee made from the roasted seeds of the genus Coffee, belongings to the family Rubiaceae native to southern Arabia.
According to Dr. Morrison AS. coffee drinking was inversely but only weakly related to prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) in 910 residents of Rhode Island who had a partial or total prostatectomy between the years 1985-1987(33).
In a study of a total of 1369 patients younger than 75 years old surgically treated for BPH and 1451 controls younger than 75 years of age, the prevalence of BPH was insignificantly among coffee drinkers(34)(35)
However, according to the study by the Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in the rat prostate gland, chronic caffeine intake from puberty may increase androgenic signaling and cell proliferation in initiated development of benign prostatic hyperplasia(36).
3. Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seed(PS) or pepita, edible seed of a pumpkin with flat, dark green color is the genus Cucurbita and belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae.
The origin of pumpkins is unknown, although many people believe that they originated in North America.
According to the study of 20 male Wistar rats, conducted by the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, the injection of pumpkin seeds inhibited the induction of BPH through increasing the testosterone: estradiol ratio(37).
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial over 12 months on 47 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with an average age of 53.3 years and an international prostate symptom score over 8, researchers showed that PS demonstrated a positive effect in treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia(38).
Another study also suggested that oral administration of pumpkin seed oil inhibits testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate(39).
4. Coconut oil
The coconut palm tree is the genus coco, belongings to the family Arecaceae, native to the tropic and subtropic area.
According to chemical differentiation, coconut oil may reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL cholesterol in serum, etc through a number of phytochemicals. (40).
Coconut oil reduced the increase of both prostate weight (PW) and body weight (BW) ratio, markers in testosterone-induced PH in rats(41).
5. Fish oil
Fish oil, rich in long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids of the omega-3 group may have a potential effect in reducing BPH risk.
According to a study by the University of California at Davis, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from fish oil inhibited 80% of the gamDHT-enhanced activity of 5 alpha-reductase(42).
Other, in the study of the serum samples of 24 BPH and 19 PC patients, and from 21 age-matched normal male subjects, scientists found that the omega-3 PUFAs level was significantly decreased in patients with BPH(43).
However, in the study to compare the levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in leukocytes and prostate tissue in men with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), scientists found that long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids intake is not associated in reduced risk of BPH(44).
Taking all together, certain foods have been found effective in reducing the risk and treatments of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). But large sample and multi centers studies are necessary to reconfirm the viability.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - a preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P1, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity, and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA1, Parsons JK. (PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C1, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S1, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA. (PubMed)
(g) Evaluation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and comparison with controls by Ahmad M1, Suhail N, Mansoor T, Banu N, Ahmad S(PubMed).
(h) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Aydin A1, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Sayal A, Eken A, Erdem O, Erten K, Ozgök Y, Dimovski A.(PubMed)
(29) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(30) Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases by polyphenols by Hiipakka RA1, Zhang HZ, Dai W, Dai Q, Liao S.(PubMed)
(31) Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NFκB pathway in the Noble rat model by Hsu A1, Bruno RS, Löhr CV, Taylor AW, Dashwood RH, Bray TM, Ho E.(PubMed)
(32) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(33) Risk factors for surgery for prostatic hypertrophy by Morrison AS. (PubMed)
(34) Food groups and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. by Bravi F1, Bosetti C, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Ramazzotti V, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(PubMed)
(35) Benign prostatic hyperplasia: the opposite effects of alcohol and coffee intake by Gass R.(PubMed)
(36) Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation, and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate by Sarobo C1, Lacorte LM, Martins M, Rinaldi JC, Moroz A, Scarano WR, Delella FK, Felisbino SL. (PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a possible role for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) seeds by Ejike CE1, Ezeanyika LU. (PubMed)
(38) Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia by Hong H1, Kim CS, Maeng S.(PubMed)
(39) Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of Sprague-Dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil by Gossell-Williams M1, Davis A, O'Connor N.(PubMed)
(40) Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Nevin KG. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. 37(9):830-5, 2004 Sep. [Comparative Study. Journal Article] UI: 15329324 Authors Full Name Nevin, K G. Rajamohan, T.
(41) Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. by de Lourdes Arruzazabala M1, Molina V, Más R, Carbajal D, Marrero D, González V, Rodríguez E.(PubMed)
(42) 5 alpha-reductase-catalyzed conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: suppression by 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by Pham H1, Ziboh VA. (PubMed)
(43) Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Yang YJ1, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Chung BC. (PubMed)
(44) Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer by Christensen JH1, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J.(PubMed)
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - a preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P1, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity, and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA1, Parsons JK. (PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C1, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S1, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA. (PubMed)
(g) Evaluation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and comparison with controls by Ahmad M1, Suhail N, Mansoor T, Banu N, Ahmad S(PubMed).
(h) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Aydin A1, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Sayal A, Eken A, Erdem O, Erten K, Ozgök Y, Dimovski A.(PubMed)
(29) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(30) Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases by polyphenols by Hiipakka RA1, Zhang HZ, Dai W, Dai Q, Liao S.(PubMed)
(31) Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NFκB pathway in the Noble rat model by Hsu A1, Bruno RS, Löhr CV, Taylor AW, Dashwood RH, Bray TM, Ho E.(PubMed)
(32) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(33) Risk factors for surgery for prostatic hypertrophy by Morrison AS. (PubMed)
(34) Food groups and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. by Bravi F1, Bosetti C, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Ramazzotti V, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(PubMed)
(35) Benign prostatic hyperplasia: the opposite effects of alcohol and coffee intake by Gass R.(PubMed)
(36) Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation, and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate by Sarobo C1, Lacorte LM, Martins M, Rinaldi JC, Moroz A, Scarano WR, Delella FK, Felisbino SL. (PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a possible role for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) seeds by Ejike CE1, Ezeanyika LU. (PubMed)
(38) Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia by Hong H1, Kim CS, Maeng S.(PubMed)
(39) Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of Sprague-Dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil by Gossell-Williams M1, Davis A, O'Connor N.(PubMed)
(40) Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Nevin KG. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. 37(9):830-5, 2004 Sep. [Comparative Study. Journal Article] UI: 15329324 Authors Full Name Nevin, K G. Rajamohan, T.
(41) Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. by de Lourdes Arruzazabala M1, Molina V, Más R, Carbajal D, Marrero D, González V, Rodríguez E.(PubMed)
(42) 5 alpha-reductase-catalyzed conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: suppression by 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by Pham H1, Ziboh VA. (PubMed)
(43) Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Yang YJ1, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Chung BC. (PubMed)
(44) Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer by Christensen JH1, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J.(PubMed)
Regular Intake of #Vegetables and #Fruits > 9 Servings Daily Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of #PancreaticCancer, Researchers Say
Kyle J. Norton
Intake of Vegetables and Fruits daily and regularly may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer, some renowned institute studies suggested.
Pancreas cancer is a medical condition characterized by uncontrollable cell growth in the pancreas.
at the late stage, the cancer cells may travel to infect other organs and tissues distanced away from the original site. And it is considered one of the most devastating and rapidly fatal cancer.
According to the statistic, the risk of pancreatic cancer, in the population is 1.4% with 44000 new cases
diagnosed every year in the US alone.
In the investigation of the data of 532 cases of pancreatic cancer, in patients examined between 1995 and 1999 and to clarify the substantial risk of pancreatic cancer, in this group of subjects, the University of California San Francisco conducted a population-based case-control study to determine the association between vegetables and fruits and pancreatic cancer, with matching 1,701 age- and sex controls. After considering other confounders, researchers filed the following results
1. Intake of more than 9 servings of vegetables and fruit daily showed a substantially reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in comparison to the control group.
2. The relative prevalence of pancreatic cancer, was reduced to .49
3. Intake of beans scored the highest relative odd ratio of .46 compared to intake of other vegetables and fruits intake group.
Further analysis of the returned questionnaire, researchers also indicated that the risk of pancreatic cancer was reduced substantially for the group with an intake of more than 9 severing daily compared group consuming less than five servings per day of total vegetables and fruits.
In support of the above differentiation, researchers at the Mayo Clinic, also conducted a study to examine the risk of pancreas cancer in fruit, vegetable, fiber, and grain consumption of 384 rapidly ascertained cases and 983 controls (frequency matched on age (±5 years), race, sex, and residence), after analyzing the returned completed epidemiological surveys and 144-item food frequency questionnaires, researchers, after adjusting for diabetes or total sugar intake, indicated that compare to highest to lowest quintiles, intake of citrus, melon, and berries, other fruits, dark green vegetables, deep yellow vegetables, tomato, other vegetables, dry bean and pea, insoluble fiber, soluble fiber daily had a strong effect in reduced risk of pancreatic cancer,.
Additionally, the study also emphasized that increased intake of non-whole grains products is associated with a positive risk of pancreatic cancer development. In other words, a lower intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
Although the study did not directly address the health benefits of dried peas in reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, it is safe to suggest that as a member of the bean group, dried peas may induce the same relatively odd ratio compared to the control.
More interestingly, in a prospective study of fatal pancreas cancer among 34,000 California Seventh-day Adventists between 1976 and 1983(40 deaths from pancreatic cancer, occurred during the follow-up period) to evaluate whether raw fruits and vegetables consumption has been consistently associated with decreased risk of pancreatic cancer,. after analyzing the dietary habits and medical history of all the patients records, researchers insisted that
1. Increasing consumption of vegetarian protein products, beans, lentils, and peas as well as dried fruit was associated with highly significant protective relationships to pancreatic cancer, risk.
2. Premedical conditions also increase the risk of pancreas cancer
3. Patients with a history of surgery for peptic or duodenal ulcers were also at risk of pancreatic cancer development.
The findings suggested that regardless of the medical condition and prehistory of surgery, intake of vegetables and fruits daily has a profound effect in reducing the risk of cancer incidence in compare to non-consuming group.
Dr. Mills PK, the lead author said, "The protective relationships associated with frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits high in protease-inhibitor content are more important than any increase in pancreas cancer risk attendant on frequent consumption of meat or other animal products".
Taken together, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and reducing the intake of meat and animal product daily are necessary to ensure a less prevalence of risk of pancreatic cancer.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrition), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Vegetable and fruit intake and pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study in the San Francisco bay area by Chan JM1, Wang F, Holly EA. (PubMed)
(2) Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with having pancreatic cancer by Jansen RJ1, Robinson DP, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Bamlet WR, de Andrade M, Oberg AL, Hammer TJ, Rabe KG, Anderson KE, Olson JE, Sinha R, Petersen GM. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer risk among Adventists by Mills PK1, Beeson WL, Abbey DE, Fraser GE, Phillips RL. (PubMed)
Intake of Vegetables and Fruits daily and regularly may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer, some renowned institute studies suggested.
Pancreas cancer is a medical condition characterized by uncontrollable cell growth in the pancreas.
at the late stage, the cancer cells may travel to infect other organs and tissues distanced away from the original site. And it is considered one of the most devastating and rapidly fatal cancer.
According to the statistic, the risk of pancreatic cancer, in the population is 1.4% with 44000 new cases
diagnosed every year in the US alone.
In the investigation of the data of 532 cases of pancreatic cancer, in patients examined between 1995 and 1999 and to clarify the substantial risk of pancreatic cancer, in this group of subjects, the University of California San Francisco conducted a population-based case-control study to determine the association between vegetables and fruits and pancreatic cancer, with matching 1,701 age- and sex controls. After considering other confounders, researchers filed the following results
1. Intake of more than 9 servings of vegetables and fruit daily showed a substantially reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in comparison to the control group.
2. The relative prevalence of pancreatic cancer, was reduced to .49
3. Intake of beans scored the highest relative odd ratio of .46 compared to intake of other vegetables and fruits intake group.
Further analysis of the returned questionnaire, researchers also indicated that the risk of pancreatic cancer was reduced substantially for the group with an intake of more than 9 severing daily compared group consuming less than five servings per day of total vegetables and fruits.
In support of the above differentiation, researchers at the Mayo Clinic, also conducted a study to examine the risk of pancreas cancer in fruit, vegetable, fiber, and grain consumption of 384 rapidly ascertained cases and 983 controls (frequency matched on age (±5 years), race, sex, and residence), after analyzing the returned completed epidemiological surveys and 144-item food frequency questionnaires, researchers, after adjusting for diabetes or total sugar intake, indicated that compare to highest to lowest quintiles, intake of citrus, melon, and berries, other fruits, dark green vegetables, deep yellow vegetables, tomato, other vegetables, dry bean and pea, insoluble fiber, soluble fiber daily had a strong effect in reduced risk of pancreatic cancer,.
Additionally, the study also emphasized that increased intake of non-whole grains products is associated with a positive risk of pancreatic cancer development. In other words, a lower intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
Although the study did not directly address the health benefits of dried peas in reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, it is safe to suggest that as a member of the bean group, dried peas may induce the same relatively odd ratio compared to the control.
More interestingly, in a prospective study of fatal pancreas cancer among 34,000 California Seventh-day Adventists between 1976 and 1983(40 deaths from pancreatic cancer, occurred during the follow-up period) to evaluate whether raw fruits and vegetables consumption has been consistently associated with decreased risk of pancreatic cancer,. after analyzing the dietary habits and medical history of all the patients records, researchers insisted that
1. Increasing consumption of vegetarian protein products, beans, lentils, and peas as well as dried fruit was associated with highly significant protective relationships to pancreatic cancer, risk.
2. Premedical conditions also increase the risk of pancreas cancer
3. Patients with a history of surgery for peptic or duodenal ulcers were also at risk of pancreatic cancer development.
The findings suggested that regardless of the medical condition and prehistory of surgery, intake of vegetables and fruits daily has a profound effect in reducing the risk of cancer incidence in compare to non-consuming group.
Dr. Mills PK, the lead author said, "The protective relationships associated with frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits high in protease-inhibitor content are more important than any increase in pancreas cancer risk attendant on frequent consumption of meat or other animal products".
Taken together, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and reducing the intake of meat and animal product daily are necessary to ensure a less prevalence of risk of pancreatic cancer.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrition), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Vegetable and fruit intake and pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study in the San Francisco bay area by Chan JM1, Wang F, Holly EA. (PubMed)
(2) Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with having pancreatic cancer by Jansen RJ1, Robinson DP, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Bamlet WR, de Andrade M, Oberg AL, Hammer TJ, Rabe KG, Anderson KE, Olson JE, Sinha R, Petersen GM. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer risk among Adventists by Mills PK1, Beeson WL, Abbey DE, Fraser GE, Phillips RL. (PubMed)
The #Anti #BenignProstaticHyperplasia(BPH) WholeFruits, Researchers Suggest
Kyle J. Norton
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a condition characterized by the increased number of cells of the prostate gland, causing partial, or sometimes virtually complete obstruction of the urinary tract.
According to statistics, BPH commonly starts at the age of 30 and symptoms usually can not be realized until the age of 50.
More than half of men between age of 60-70 experience some symptoms of BPH and only 10% are required treatment.
A suggestion of BPH is associated with nutritional status and eating habits.
According to the study, 30 male patients with clinically confirmed and treated disease of the prostatic gland, including 15 men (aged 51-75 years) with BPH and 15 men (aged 51-73 years) with PC, improper nutritional status induced incorrect nutritional habits, maybe the cause of the development of some diet-dependent diseases, such as BPH and prostate cancer(a).
A proper diet with vegetables, fruit containing zinc may reduce the risk of the disease from initiation(b)(c).
Epidemiological studies strongly suggested that the intake of vegetables and fruits accompanied with a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk and treatment of enlarged prostate(d)(e)(f), through enhancing antioxidant activity in inhibited overproduction of prostate cells(g)(h).
4 Fruits for reducing risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)
1. Orange
Orange is a species of Citrus Sinensis, belongings to the family Rutaceae and native to Southeast Asia.
According to the study, the extract of red orange juice (ROE) inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast and epithelial prostate cells in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(22).
2. Watermelon and strawberry
Lycopene, a member of the carotenoid family, found abundantly in Watermelons, and strawberries, exerted a significant antioxidant effect against the formation of prostate disease(23).
The study of Profluss® included serenoa repens+Selenium+Lycopene on prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) in 168 subjects, the compositions exhibited anti-inflammatory activity for the treatment of PCI in BPH and/or PIN/ASAP patients(24).
In injection of Serenoa repens, lycopene, and selenium were superior to Serenoa repens alone in reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia, through reduction of prostate weight, hyperplasia, cell proliferation, and growth factor in augmentation of apoptosis(25) compared to other treatment groups.
3. Cranberry
Cranberry is a species of Vaccinium oxycoccos, belongings to the family Ericaceae.
In the study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) powder in men at risk of prostate disease with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), researchers suggested that the application displays a positive effect in lower total PSA level on day 180 of the study(26) and reduced urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia(27).
Furthermore cranberry also found to reduce symptoms of dysuria, nocturia, urinary frequency and urgency) in a group of 270 BPH patients(28).
Taken together, the evidence finding postulated that adding some portions of orange, watermelon, strawberry, and cranberry may have a potential effect in reduced symptoms, risk, progression, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - a preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P1, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity, and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA1, Parsons JK. (PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C1, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S1, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA. (PubMed)
(22) Effect of a standardized extract of red orange juice on proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro by Vitali F1, Pennisi C, Tomaino A, Bonina F, De Pasquale A, Saija A, Tita B.(PubMed)
(23) Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of prostate disease by Ilic D.(PubMed)
(24) Effects of Serenoa repens, selenium and lycopene (Profluss®) on chronic inflammation associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of "FLOG" (Flogosis and Profluss in Prostatic and Genital Disease), a multicentre Italian study by Morgia G1, Cimino S, Favilla V, Russo GI, Squadrito F, Mucciardi G, Masieri L, Minutoli L, Grosso G, Castelli T.(PubMed)
(25) [The association of Serenoa repens, lycopene, and selenium is superior to Serenoa repens alone in reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia].[Article in Italian] by Squadrito F1, Morgia G.(PubMed)
(26) The effectiveness of dried cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms by Vidlar A1, Vostalova J, Ulrichova J, Student V, Stejskal D, Reichenbach R, Vrbkova J, Ruzicka F, Simanek V.(PubMed)
(27) Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men: the Krimpen Study by Kok ET1, Schouten BW, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP, Thomas S, Bosch JL.(PubMed)
(28) Enteric-coated, highly standardized cranberry extract reduces risk of UTIs and urinary symptoms during radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma by Bonetta A1, Di Pierro F.(PubMed)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a condition characterized by the increased number of cells of the prostate gland, causing partial, or sometimes virtually complete obstruction of the urinary tract.
According to statistics, BPH commonly starts at the age of 30 and symptoms usually can not be realized until the age of 50.
More than half of men between age of 60-70 experience some symptoms of BPH and only 10% are required treatment.
A suggestion of BPH is associated with nutritional status and eating habits.
According to the study, 30 male patients with clinically confirmed and treated disease of the prostatic gland, including 15 men (aged 51-75 years) with BPH and 15 men (aged 51-73 years) with PC, improper nutritional status induced incorrect nutritional habits, maybe the cause of the development of some diet-dependent diseases, such as BPH and prostate cancer(a).
A proper diet with vegetables, fruit containing zinc may reduce the risk of the disease from initiation(b)(c).
Epidemiological studies strongly suggested that the intake of vegetables and fruits accompanied with a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk and treatment of enlarged prostate(d)(e)(f), through enhancing antioxidant activity in inhibited overproduction of prostate cells(g)(h).
4 Fruits for reducing risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)
1. Orange
Orange is a species of Citrus Sinensis, belongings to the family Rutaceae and native to Southeast Asia.
According to the study, the extract of red orange juice (ROE) inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast and epithelial prostate cells in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(22).
2. Watermelon and strawberry
Lycopene, a member of the carotenoid family, found abundantly in Watermelons, and strawberries, exerted a significant antioxidant effect against the formation of prostate disease(23).
The study of Profluss® included serenoa repens+Selenium+Lycopene on prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) in 168 subjects, the compositions exhibited anti-inflammatory activity for the treatment of PCI in BPH and/or PIN/ASAP patients(24).
In injection of Serenoa repens, lycopene, and selenium were superior to Serenoa repens alone in reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia, through reduction of prostate weight, hyperplasia, cell proliferation, and growth factor in augmentation of apoptosis(25) compared to other treatment groups.
3. Cranberry
Cranberry is a species of Vaccinium oxycoccos, belongings to the family Ericaceae.
In the study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) powder in men at risk of prostate disease with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), researchers suggested that the application displays a positive effect in lower total PSA level on day 180 of the study(26) and reduced urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia(27).
Furthermore cranberry also found to reduce symptoms of dysuria, nocturia, urinary frequency and urgency) in a group of 270 BPH patients(28).
Taken together, the evidence finding postulated that adding some portions of orange, watermelon, strawberry, and cranberry may have a potential effect in reduced symptoms, risk, progression, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - a preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P1, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity, and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA1, Parsons JK. (PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C1, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S1, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA. (PubMed)
(22) Effect of a standardized extract of red orange juice on proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro by Vitali F1, Pennisi C, Tomaino A, Bonina F, De Pasquale A, Saija A, Tita B.(PubMed)
(23) Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of prostate disease by Ilic D.(PubMed)
(24) Effects of Serenoa repens, selenium and lycopene (Profluss®) on chronic inflammation associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of "FLOG" (Flogosis and Profluss in Prostatic and Genital Disease), a multicentre Italian study by Morgia G1, Cimino S, Favilla V, Russo GI, Squadrito F, Mucciardi G, Masieri L, Minutoli L, Grosso G, Castelli T.(PubMed)
(25) [The association of Serenoa repens, lycopene, and selenium is superior to Serenoa repens alone in reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia].[Article in Italian] by Squadrito F1, Morgia G.(PubMed)
(26) The effectiveness of dried cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms by Vidlar A1, Vostalova J, Ulrichova J, Student V, Stejskal D, Reichenbach R, Vrbkova J, Ruzicka F, Simanek V.(PubMed)
(27) Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men: the Krimpen Study by Kok ET1, Schouten BW, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP, Thomas S, Bosch JL.(PubMed)
(28) Enteric-coated, highly standardized cranberry extract reduces risk of UTIs and urinary symptoms during radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma by Bonetta A1, Di Pierro F.(PubMed)
The #AntiAging Herbal Remedies, According to Studies
Kyle J. Norton
According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affecting skin elasticity and tightness(a).
Others suggested that free radicals-induced domino effects in the production of reactive oxygen species can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of the antioxidant system, leading to injuries damage regulation pathways of the skin, including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).
Certain herbal medicines have been found to be effective in protecting the skin against natural aging, including aloe vera and turmeric
1. Aloe vera
Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belongings to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.
Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wounds, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herbs studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
In a study of a total of 30 healthy female subjects over the age of 45 recruited and received 2 different doses (low-dose: 1,200 mg/d, high-dose: 3,600 mg/d) of aloe vera gel supplementation for 90 days, aloe gel significantly improved wrinkles and elasticity in photoaged human skin, with an increase in collagen production in the photoprotected skin and a decrease in the collagen-degrading MMP-1 gene expression(1).
In skin conditions in the elderly caused by several incurable, but treatable, chronic diseases, researchers suggested that the use of lanolin, aloe vera, and parabens may contribute to delayed hypersensitivity reaction and aging process(2).
In photoaging, the combination of sodium selenite and aloin in a certain range of concentration has shown protective effects against ultraviolet radiation-induced fibroblast proliferation inhibition, oxidative injury, and decreased collagen synthesis(3).
2. Green tea
Green tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume as the leaves of Camellia sinensis, which undergoes minimal oxidation during processing and originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptionally in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, green tea has been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin aging. Green tea extracted shown to inhibit toxic ROS-induced skin death, through protection from H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis in a dose-dependent manner(4)(4a), improvement of the anti-wrinkle effects, through its antioxidant activity(5), skin roughness, through moisturizing effects and enhancement of skin microrelief(6) and inhibition of skin inflammation for managing allergic contact dermatitis without skin toxicity(7).
A combination of topical application of green tea and lotus, exhibited an anti-aging effect on skin roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkling (SEw)(8) and composition of a formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil, exhibited a skin barrier function for maintaining skin hydration and protecting against anti-ageing process (9).
3. Ginseng
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant with fleshy roots, the genus Panax, belongings to the family Araliaceae.
Depending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, and American ginseng (root).
In vivo, Korean red ginseng showed to enhance the extension of lifespan, increase resistance to most forms of disease, through regulation of organisms' metabolism(10), and reduce wrinkle formation through inhibition of collagen degradation rather than increased collagen synthesis(11), protect against skin photodamage, through increasing the production of profilaggrin and filaggrin(12).
Ginsenoside Rd, a chemical constituent of Ginseng also exerted its anti-oxidative effects through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of NF-κB and the consequent expressional suppressions of iNOS and COX-2(13).
On gene expression at the level of mRNAs and proteins in human skin cells, extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng, showed significant positive effects against facial wrinkles and other symptoms of facial skin aging(14).
In the study of red ginseng (RG) and fermented red ginseng (FRG) effects on aging skin, researchers at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University found that FRG offers increased anti-wrinkle efficacy, whitening efficacy, and reduced toxicological potency compared to RG(15).
4. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
Curcumin, a major chemical compound found in turmeric, showed to have a protective effect against photodamage in the aging process(16).
Antioxidants, curcumin scavenged free radicals from skin cells, prevented trans-epidermal water loss, included a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contributed to protecting skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin(17), and induced cellular stress responses in normal human skin fibroblasts through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and redox signaling(18).
5. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Gotu Kola also known as Centella, is an annual plant of the genus, belongings to the family Mackinlayaceae, native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, and Papua New Guinea.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat nervous disorders, epilepsy, senility, and premature aging,...
Asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside, found in the titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA), showed to inhibit UVB-mediated damage in NHDFs through changes in the expression of specific miRNAs(19)(20).
Preparation including asiaticoside found in Guto kota extract in a treatment of temporal periorbital wrinkles tested on 27 female volunteers by applying the cream twice a day to the region of interest for 12 weeks, showed a significant improvement of the periorbital wrinkles in a majority of the volunteers(21). lipstick containing asiaticoside was also found to improve lip-wrinkle in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion of a total of 50 women(22).
According to 1LVMH Recherché, asiaticoside also stimulated collagen secretion which is the major component of the skin dermis (23).
6. Sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis is a genus Sanguisorba, belongings to the family Rosaceae, native to throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The herb has been used in folk medicine to stop bloody dysentery and nosebleeds, and topically to treat burns and insect bites.
Ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract reduced skin aging through increased expression of type I collagen in a dose-dependent manner(24).
In chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes skin aging, the extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibited wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited the decrease of dermal elastic fiber linearity in the rat hind limb skin in a dose-dependent manner(25).
7. Magnolia Ovovata
Magnolia ovovata also known as Japanese Bigleaf Magnolia is the genus of Ovovata, belonging to the family Magnoliaceae, native to Japan. The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine
to treat various digestive problems, relieve stress, promote neuro-health, etc.
According to Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Magnolia ovovata extract inhibited NF-kappaB mediated gene expression, thus preventing skin photoaging processes through keratinocyte hyperproliferation and degradation of collagen fibers in mice skin(26)(27).
8. Rhus verniciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
Rhus verniciflua is a genus Toxicodendron, belongings to the family Anacardiaceae, native to China
and the Indian subcontinent.
The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat internal parasites and stop bleeding.
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), is the most commonly used herbal plant in herbal medicine with various
biological properties were found to be effective in free radical scavengers due to contained flavonoid
derivatives, including fustin, quercetin, butein, and sulfuretin(29) which may protect the skin from
ROS aging.
The bioactive phenolics in detoxified Rhus verniciflua Stokes (DRVS), including Gallic
acid showed to protect skin from aging through its antioxidative properties and by down-regulating
MMP-1 expression(28) and inhibited the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM)(30).
9. Chamomile
Chamomile is also known as camomile, the common name of many species of daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in
the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.
Chemical compounds bisabolol, silymarin, and ectoin found in chamomile and milk thistle may consist the property to modulate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced upregulation of ROS free radicals in normal human skin fibroblasts(31).
According to the University of Copenhagen, oral administration of composition extract including chamomile improved skin lesions of the forehead, periocular and perioral wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, laxity, sagging, under-eye dark circles, and overall appearance(32).
10. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of the tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the family Lauraceae.
The herb has been used in herbal and traditional medicine as an anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organs, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, and treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.
According to Osaka Prefecture University, Cinnamon inhibited the breakdown of collagenous networks with aging resulting in hypoactive changes in the skin, through up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen without cytotoxicity.
Cinnamaldehyde, a major active component, significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its downstream signaling molecules such as insulin receptor substrate-1 and Erk1/2 in an IGF-I-independent manner(33).
11. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belongings to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, and from the temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of North America.
It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders, and deafness as well as to prevent drunkenness and bedwetting.
The study in the comparison of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), a mixture of tea and rooibos (Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis), and soybean (Glycine soja) for their effects in potentiation in reduced skin wrinkle showed that ginkgo biloba, is most effective in increased skin moisturization (27.88%) and smoothness (4.32%) and reduced roughness (0.4%) and wrinkles (4.63%)(34).
12. Rosemary
Rosemary is a perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves, the genus
Rosmarinus, belongings to the family Lamiaceae. Its fresh and dried leaves have been used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine and as flavor foods while barbecuing.
Rosemary has been used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antioxidant, and antispasmodic agent to treat circulatory problems, eczema, rheumatism, muscle pain, etc.
Rosemary containing flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures may potentiate in reduced reactive oxygen species and biological macromolecules, to neutralize free radicals or initiate biological effects to prevent skin damage(35).
According to the University of Catania, natural extract isolated from rosemary leaves showed to be effective in antiaging skin management due to its endogenous antioxidant
potential(36).
14. Grape seed extract
Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extract from whole grape seeds that contains many
concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs),
etc..
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents and to treat
skin wounds with less scarring, allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood
vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.
Grape seed extract may be beneficial in promoting youthful skin, cell health, elasticity, and flexibility
because of its antioxidant effect to bond with collagen(37).
According to Dr. Bojanowski K., grape seed extract may have the potential for anti-aging effects
throughout all skin compartments, including dermal and epidermal layers because of its induced signal transduction pathways in the facial hypodermis(38). In a study of a total of men from 35 to 60 years of age, phototypes I to III, indicated a positive effect in counteract skin photoaging, in the daily application of a mixture containing lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract, and Biomarine ComplexT(39).
15. Lavender
Lavender is a flowering plant of the genus Lavandula, belonging to the family Lamiaceae,
native to Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat painful bruises and aches,
to relieve various neuralgic pains, sprains, rheumatism, etc.
A suggestion of Lavender aromatherapy may potentiate to ease anxiety in patients undergoing minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures(40).
In photodegradation and photooxidation, the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Lavandula
angustifolia Miller essential oil, used in conjunction with bee glue showed that bee glue expresses a
highly protected lavender oil secondary metabolites from degradation and also preserved their
antiradical properties, both in in vitro antioxidant assays and in cell oxidative damage evaluations(41).
16. Huang Qi (Radix astragali)
Huang Qi or Bei Qi is also known as Astragalus root. The sweet herb has been used as a diuretic agent and to lower blood pressure, increase blood pressure, lessen proteinuria, improve endurance, protect liver function, regulate blood sugar, etc. as it tonifies Qi, raises Yang, strengthens the Defensive-Qi and the Exterior, expels toxins, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels.
The study of non-fermented (HQNB) and fermented preparations (HQB) of Radix astragali on
hyaluronic acid (HA) production in primary human skin cells, showed that HQB significantly
stimulated HA production in both cultured primary human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts and increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase 3 and hyaluronan synthase 2 mRNA in HaCaT cells and human fibroblasts, respectively in dose-dependent manners(42).
17. Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen)
Ge Gen is also known as Kudzuvine Root. The acrid, sweet, and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti-arrhythmia, anti-cancers, anti-oxidation, anti-platelet coagulation, etc. and to lower blood sugar, relax the blood vessels, improve memory, treat diarrhea, etc., as it raises Yang; clears Heat,
promotes the generation of Body Fluids, etc., by enhancing the functions of the spleen and stomach channels.
The study of the effect of Puerariae Radix (PR), a Chinese herb and popular food in Asia in
Hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis and the
connective tissues of the dermis showed to stimulate the HA production of normal human epidermal
keratinocytes (NHEK), in dose-dependent, due to its rich in isoflavone glycosides like genistin and
daidzin(43).
18. Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah)
Labisia pumila is the henus Lobisia, belonging to the family belongings to the family of Myrsinaceae native to Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
In skin aging, phytochemicals found in the herbal extract of Labisia pumila, protected against
the natural aging process and accelerated by UV radiation through promoting the production of skin collagen synthesis(43) and attenuation of UVB-induced MMP-9 expression in photoaging (44).
Taken altogether, certain herbs have been found to enhance the protection of skin against natural
aging through protection in the degradation of epidermal and dermal layers of the extracellular
matrix (ECM), via their antioxidant and stimulative effects. Further studies are necessary to identify
their effective ingredients to improve clinical viability.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrition), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Skin aging: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD.(PubMed)
(1) Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo by Cho S1, Lee S, Lee MJ, Lee DH, Won CH, Kim SM, Chung JH.(PubMed)
(2) Dry skin in the elderly: complexities of a common problem by White-Chu EF1, Reddy M.(PubMed)
(3) [The protective effects of sodium selenite and aloin against ultraviolet A radiation].
[Article in Chinese]by Guo Y1, Ji R, Lü X, Wan YF, Jiang X.(PubMed)
(4) Green tea extract protects human skin fibroblasts from reactive oxygen species induced necrosis by Silverberg JI1, Jagdeo J, Patel M, Siegel D, Brody N.(PubMed)
(5) Tannase-converted green tea catechins and their anti-wrinkle activity in humans by Hong YH1, Jung EY, Shin KS, Yu KW, Chang UJ, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(6) The use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient by Gianeti MD1, Mercurio DG, Campos PM.(PubMed)
(7) Human skin safety test of green tea cell extracts in condition of allergic contact dermatitis by Kim HK1, Choi SY, Chang HK, Baek SY, Chung JO, Rha CS, Kim BJ, Kim MN.(PubMed)
(8) Combined topical application of lotus and green tea improves facial skin surface parameters by Mahmood T1, Akhtar N.(PubMed)
(9) Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including greentea extract and rose oil by Yapar EA, Ynal O, Erdal MS.(PubMed)
(10) Korean Red Ginseng Tonic Extends Lifespan in D. melanogaster by Kim MS.(PubMed)
(11) Effects of red ginseng extract on UVB irradiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice by Kang TH1, Park HM, Kim YB, Kim H, Kim N, Do JH, Kang C, Cho Y, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(12) Enzyme-processed Korean Red Ginseng extracts protects against skin damage induced by UVB irradiation in hairless mice by Hwang E1, Sun ZW, Lee TH, Shin HS, Park SY, Lee DG, Cho BG, Sohn H, Kwon OW, Kim SY, Yi TH.(PubMed)
(13) Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver by Kim DH1, Chung JH, Yoon JS, Ha YM, Bae S, Lee EK, Jung KJ, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kim MK, Chung HY.(PubMed)
(14) Hormesis-based anti-aging products: a case study of a novel cosmetic by Rattan SI1, Kryzch V, Schnebert S, Perrier E, Nizard C.(PubMed)
(15) Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study by Lee HS1, Kim MR, Park Y, Park HJ, Chang UJ, Kim SY, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Inhibitory effect of encapsulated curcumin on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in mice by Agrawal R1, Kaur IP.(PubMed)
(17) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(18) Curcumin induces heme oxygenase-1 in normal human skinfibroblasts through redox signaling: relevance for anti-aging intervention by Lima CF1, Pereira-Wilson C, Rattan SI.(PubMed)
(19) Titrated extract of Centella asiatica provides a UVB protective effect by altering microRNA expression profiles in human dermal fibroblasts by An IS1, An S, Kang SM, Choe TB, Lee SN, Jang HH, Bae S.(PubMed)
(20) Centella asiatica protects against UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocyte damage through microRNA expression changes by An IS1, An S, Choe TΒ, Kang SΜ, Lee JH, Park IC, Jin YW, Lee SJ, Bae S.(PubMed)
(21) Evaluation of the effects of a preparation containing asiaticoside on periocular wrinkles of human volunteers by Lee J1, Jung E, Lee H, Seo Y, Koh J, Park D.(PubMed)
(22) Improving lip wrinkles: lipstick-related image analysis by Ryu JS1, Park SG, Kwak TJ, Chang MY, Park ME, Choi KH, Sung KH, Shin HJ, Lee CK, Kang YS, Yoon MS, Rang MJ, Kim SJ.(PubMed)
(23) [Comparative activity of asiaticoside and madecassoside on type I and III collagen synthesis by cultured human fibroblasts].[Article in French] by Bonté F1, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, Meybeck A.(PubMed)(24) Anti-wrinkle activity of ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient by Kim YH1, Chung CB, Kim JG, Ko KI, Park SH, Kim JH, Eom SY, Kim YS, Hwang YI, Kim KH.(PubMed)
(25) Inhibitory effect of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on ultraviolet-B-induced photodamage of rat skin by Tsukahara K1, Moriwaki S, Fujimura T, Takema Y.(PubMed)
(26) Magnolia ovovata extract and its active component magnolol prevent skin photoaging via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by Tanaka K1, Hasegawa J, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(27) Protecting skin photoaging by NF-kappaB inhibitor by Tanaka K1, Asamitsu K, Uranishi H, Iddamalgoda A, Ito K, Kojima H, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(28) Protective effect of detoxified Rhus verniciflua stokes on human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts against oxidative stress and identification of the bioactive phenolics by Liu CS1, Nam TG, Han MW, Ahn SM, Choi HS, Kim TY, Chun OK, Koo SI, Kim DO.(PubMed)
(29) Identification of Rhus verniciflua Stokes compounds that exhibit free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties by Lee JC1, Lim KT, Jang YS.(PubMed)
(30) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(31) The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro by Mamalis A1, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J.(PnbMed)
(32) Effect of a novel dietary supplement on skin aging in post-menopausal women by Skovgaard GR1, Jensen AS, Sigler ML(PubMed)
(33) Cinnamon extract promotes type I collagen biosynthesis via activation of IGF-I signaling in human dermal fibroblasts by Takasao N1, Tsuji-Naito K, Ishikura S, Tamura A, Akagawa M.(PubMed)
(34) Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids by Chuarienthong P1, Lourith N, Leelapornpisid P.(PubMed)
(35) Green tea and the skin by Hsu S.(PubMed)
(36) Biochemical studies of a natural antioxidant isolated from rosemary and its application in cosmetic dermatology by Calabrese V1, Scapagnini G, Catalano C, Dinotta F, Geraci D, Morganti P.
(PubMed)
(37) enolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality by Shi J1, Yu J, Pohorly JE, Kakuda Y.by (PubMed)
(38) Hypodermal delivery of cosmetic actives for improved facial skinmorphology and functionality by Bojanowski K.(PubMed)
(39)Clinical, biometric and ultrasound assessment of the effects of daily use of a nutraceutical composed of lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine Complex in photoaged human skin by Costa A1, Lindmark L, Arruda LH, Assumpção EC, Ota FS, Pereira Mde O, Langen SS.(PubMed)
(40) Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures by Grunebaum LD1, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS.(PubMed)
(41) Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Lavandulaangustifolia Miller Essential Oil are Shielded by Propolis Against UV Radiations by Angelo G1, Lorena C, Marta G, Antonella C.(PubMed)
(42) Stimulating effects of Bacillus subtilis natto-fermented Radix astragalion hyaluronic acid production in human skin cells by Hsu MF1, Chiang BH.(PubMed)
(43) Comparison of Puerariae Radix and its hydrolysate on stimulation of hyaluronic acid production in NHEK cells by Wen KC1, Lin SP, Yu CP, Chiang HM.(PubMed)
(44) eview on Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah): bioactive phytochemicals and skin collagen synthesis promoting herb by Chua LS1, Lee SY, Abdullah N, Sarmidi MR.(PubMed)
(45) Labisia pumila extract protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation by Choi HK1, Kim DH, Kim JW, Ngadiran S, Sarmidi MR, Park CS.(PubMed)
According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affecting skin elasticity and tightness(a).
Others suggested that free radicals-induced domino effects in the production of reactive oxygen species can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of the antioxidant system, leading to injuries damage regulation pathways of the skin, including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).
Certain herbal medicines have been found to be effective in protecting the skin against natural aging, including aloe vera and turmeric
1. Aloe vera
Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belongings to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.
Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wounds, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herbs studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
In a study of a total of 30 healthy female subjects over the age of 45 recruited and received 2 different doses (low-dose: 1,200 mg/d, high-dose: 3,600 mg/d) of aloe vera gel supplementation for 90 days, aloe gel significantly improved wrinkles and elasticity in photoaged human skin, with an increase in collagen production in the photoprotected skin and a decrease in the collagen-degrading MMP-1 gene expression(1).
In skin conditions in the elderly caused by several incurable, but treatable, chronic diseases, researchers suggested that the use of lanolin, aloe vera, and parabens may contribute to delayed hypersensitivity reaction and aging process(2).
In photoaging, the combination of sodium selenite and aloin in a certain range of concentration has shown protective effects against ultraviolet radiation-induced fibroblast proliferation inhibition, oxidative injury, and decreased collagen synthesis(3).
2. Green tea
Green tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume as the leaves of Camellia sinensis, which undergoes minimal oxidation during processing and originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptionally in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, green tea has been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin aging. Green tea extracted shown to inhibit toxic ROS-induced skin death, through protection from H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis in a dose-dependent manner(4)(4a), improvement of the anti-wrinkle effects, through its antioxidant activity(5), skin roughness, through moisturizing effects and enhancement of skin microrelief(6) and inhibition of skin inflammation for managing allergic contact dermatitis without skin toxicity(7).
A combination of topical application of green tea and lotus, exhibited an anti-aging effect on skin roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkling (SEw)(8) and composition of a formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil, exhibited a skin barrier function for maintaining skin hydration and protecting against anti-ageing process (9).
3. Ginseng
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant with fleshy roots, the genus Panax, belongings to the family Araliaceae.
Depending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, and American ginseng (root).
In vivo, Korean red ginseng showed to enhance the extension of lifespan, increase resistance to most forms of disease, through regulation of organisms' metabolism(10), and reduce wrinkle formation through inhibition of collagen degradation rather than increased collagen synthesis(11), protect against skin photodamage, through increasing the production of profilaggrin and filaggrin(12).
Ginsenoside Rd, a chemical constituent of Ginseng also exerted its anti-oxidative effects through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of NF-κB and the consequent expressional suppressions of iNOS and COX-2(13).
On gene expression at the level of mRNAs and proteins in human skin cells, extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng, showed significant positive effects against facial wrinkles and other symptoms of facial skin aging(14).
In the study of red ginseng (RG) and fermented red ginseng (FRG) effects on aging skin, researchers at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University found that FRG offers increased anti-wrinkle efficacy, whitening efficacy, and reduced toxicological potency compared to RG(15).
4. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
Curcumin, a major chemical compound found in turmeric, showed to have a protective effect against photodamage in the aging process(16).
Antioxidants, curcumin scavenged free radicals from skin cells, prevented trans-epidermal water loss, included a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contributed to protecting skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin(17), and induced cellular stress responses in normal human skin fibroblasts through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and redox signaling(18).
5. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Gotu Kola also known as Centella, is an annual plant of the genus, belongings to the family Mackinlayaceae, native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, and Papua New Guinea.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat nervous disorders, epilepsy, senility, and premature aging,...
Asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside, found in the titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA), showed to inhibit UVB-mediated damage in NHDFs through changes in the expression of specific miRNAs(19)(20).
Preparation including asiaticoside found in Guto kota extract in a treatment of temporal periorbital wrinkles tested on 27 female volunteers by applying the cream twice a day to the region of interest for 12 weeks, showed a significant improvement of the periorbital wrinkles in a majority of the volunteers(21). lipstick containing asiaticoside was also found to improve lip-wrinkle in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion of a total of 50 women(22).
According to 1LVMH Recherché, asiaticoside also stimulated collagen secretion which is the major component of the skin dermis (23).
6. Sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis is a genus Sanguisorba, belongings to the family Rosaceae, native to throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The herb has been used in folk medicine to stop bloody dysentery and nosebleeds, and topically to treat burns and insect bites.
Ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract reduced skin aging through increased expression of type I collagen in a dose-dependent manner(24).
In chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes skin aging, the extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibited wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited the decrease of dermal elastic fiber linearity in the rat hind limb skin in a dose-dependent manner(25).
7. Magnolia Ovovata
Magnolia ovovata also known as Japanese Bigleaf Magnolia is the genus of Ovovata, belonging to the family Magnoliaceae, native to Japan. The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine
to treat various digestive problems, relieve stress, promote neuro-health, etc.
According to Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Magnolia ovovata extract inhibited NF-kappaB mediated gene expression, thus preventing skin photoaging processes through keratinocyte hyperproliferation and degradation of collagen fibers in mice skin(26)(27).
8. Rhus verniciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
Rhus verniciflua is a genus Toxicodendron, belongings to the family Anacardiaceae, native to China
and the Indian subcontinent.
The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat internal parasites and stop bleeding.
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), is the most commonly used herbal plant in herbal medicine with various
biological properties were found to be effective in free radical scavengers due to contained flavonoid
derivatives, including fustin, quercetin, butein, and sulfuretin(29) which may protect the skin from
ROS aging.
The bioactive phenolics in detoxified Rhus verniciflua Stokes (DRVS), including Gallic
acid showed to protect skin from aging through its antioxidative properties and by down-regulating
MMP-1 expression(28) and inhibited the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM)(30).
9. Chamomile
Chamomile is also known as camomile, the common name of many species of daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in
the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.
Chemical compounds bisabolol, silymarin, and ectoin found in chamomile and milk thistle may consist the property to modulate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced upregulation of ROS free radicals in normal human skin fibroblasts(31).
According to the University of Copenhagen, oral administration of composition extract including chamomile improved skin lesions of the forehead, periocular and perioral wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, laxity, sagging, under-eye dark circles, and overall appearance(32).
10. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of the tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the family Lauraceae.
The herb has been used in herbal and traditional medicine as an anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organs, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, and treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.
According to Osaka Prefecture University, Cinnamon inhibited the breakdown of collagenous networks with aging resulting in hypoactive changes in the skin, through up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen without cytotoxicity.
Cinnamaldehyde, a major active component, significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its downstream signaling molecules such as insulin receptor substrate-1 and Erk1/2 in an IGF-I-independent manner(33).
11. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belongings to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, and from the temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of North America.
It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders, and deafness as well as to prevent drunkenness and bedwetting.
The study in the comparison of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), a mixture of tea and rooibos (Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis), and soybean (Glycine soja) for their effects in potentiation in reduced skin wrinkle showed that ginkgo biloba, is most effective in increased skin moisturization (27.88%) and smoothness (4.32%) and reduced roughness (0.4%) and wrinkles (4.63%)(34).
12. Rosemary
Rosemary is a perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves, the genus
Rosmarinus, belongings to the family Lamiaceae. Its fresh and dried leaves have been used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine and as flavor foods while barbecuing.
Rosemary has been used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antioxidant, and antispasmodic agent to treat circulatory problems, eczema, rheumatism, muscle pain, etc.
Rosemary containing flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures may potentiate in reduced reactive oxygen species and biological macromolecules, to neutralize free radicals or initiate biological effects to prevent skin damage(35).
According to the University of Catania, natural extract isolated from rosemary leaves showed to be effective in antiaging skin management due to its endogenous antioxidant
potential(36).
14. Grape seed extract
Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extract from whole grape seeds that contains many
concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs),
etc..
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents and to treat
skin wounds with less scarring, allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood
vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.
Grape seed extract may be beneficial in promoting youthful skin, cell health, elasticity, and flexibility
because of its antioxidant effect to bond with collagen(37).
According to Dr. Bojanowski K., grape seed extract may have the potential for anti-aging effects
throughout all skin compartments, including dermal and epidermal layers because of its induced signal transduction pathways in the facial hypodermis(38). In a study of a total of men from 35 to 60 years of age, phototypes I to III, indicated a positive effect in counteract skin photoaging, in the daily application of a mixture containing lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract, and Biomarine ComplexT(39).
15. Lavender
Lavender is a flowering plant of the genus Lavandula, belonging to the family Lamiaceae,
native to Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat painful bruises and aches,
to relieve various neuralgic pains, sprains, rheumatism, etc.
A suggestion of Lavender aromatherapy may potentiate to ease anxiety in patients undergoing minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures(40).
In photodegradation and photooxidation, the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Lavandula
angustifolia Miller essential oil, used in conjunction with bee glue showed that bee glue expresses a
highly protected lavender oil secondary metabolites from degradation and also preserved their
antiradical properties, both in in vitro antioxidant assays and in cell oxidative damage evaluations(41).
16. Huang Qi (Radix astragali)
Huang Qi or Bei Qi is also known as Astragalus root. The sweet herb has been used as a diuretic agent and to lower blood pressure, increase blood pressure, lessen proteinuria, improve endurance, protect liver function, regulate blood sugar, etc. as it tonifies Qi, raises Yang, strengthens the Defensive-Qi and the Exterior, expels toxins, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels.
The study of non-fermented (HQNB) and fermented preparations (HQB) of Radix astragali on
hyaluronic acid (HA) production in primary human skin cells, showed that HQB significantly
stimulated HA production in both cultured primary human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts and increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase 3 and hyaluronan synthase 2 mRNA in HaCaT cells and human fibroblasts, respectively in dose-dependent manners(42).
17. Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen)
Ge Gen is also known as Kudzuvine Root. The acrid, sweet, and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti-arrhythmia, anti-cancers, anti-oxidation, anti-platelet coagulation, etc. and to lower blood sugar, relax the blood vessels, improve memory, treat diarrhea, etc., as it raises Yang; clears Heat,
promotes the generation of Body Fluids, etc., by enhancing the functions of the spleen and stomach channels.
The study of the effect of Puerariae Radix (PR), a Chinese herb and popular food in Asia in
Hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis and the
connective tissues of the dermis showed to stimulate the HA production of normal human epidermal
keratinocytes (NHEK), in dose-dependent, due to its rich in isoflavone glycosides like genistin and
daidzin(43).
18. Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah)
Labisia pumila is the henus Lobisia, belonging to the family belongings to the family of Myrsinaceae native to Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
In skin aging, phytochemicals found in the herbal extract of Labisia pumila, protected against
the natural aging process and accelerated by UV radiation through promoting the production of skin collagen synthesis(43) and attenuation of UVB-induced MMP-9 expression in photoaging (44).
Taken altogether, certain herbs have been found to enhance the protection of skin against natural
aging through protection in the degradation of epidermal and dermal layers of the extracellular
matrix (ECM), via their antioxidant and stimulative effects. Further studies are necessary to identify
their effective ingredients to improve clinical viability.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrition), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Skin aging: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD.(PubMed)
(1) Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo by Cho S1, Lee S, Lee MJ, Lee DH, Won CH, Kim SM, Chung JH.(PubMed)
(2) Dry skin in the elderly: complexities of a common problem by White-Chu EF1, Reddy M.(PubMed)
(3) [The protective effects of sodium selenite and aloin against ultraviolet A radiation].
[Article in Chinese]by Guo Y1, Ji R, Lü X, Wan YF, Jiang X.(PubMed)
(4) Green tea extract protects human skin fibroblasts from reactive oxygen species induced necrosis by Silverberg JI1, Jagdeo J, Patel M, Siegel D, Brody N.(PubMed)
(5) Tannase-converted green tea catechins and their anti-wrinkle activity in humans by Hong YH1, Jung EY, Shin KS, Yu KW, Chang UJ, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(6) The use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient by Gianeti MD1, Mercurio DG, Campos PM.(PubMed)
(7) Human skin safety test of green tea cell extracts in condition of allergic contact dermatitis by Kim HK1, Choi SY, Chang HK, Baek SY, Chung JO, Rha CS, Kim BJ, Kim MN.(PubMed)
(8) Combined topical application of lotus and green tea improves facial skin surface parameters by Mahmood T1, Akhtar N.(PubMed)
(9) Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including greentea extract and rose oil by Yapar EA, Ynal O, Erdal MS.(PubMed)
(10) Korean Red Ginseng Tonic Extends Lifespan in D. melanogaster by Kim MS.(PubMed)
(11) Effects of red ginseng extract on UVB irradiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice by Kang TH1, Park HM, Kim YB, Kim H, Kim N, Do JH, Kang C, Cho Y, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(12) Enzyme-processed Korean Red Ginseng extracts protects against skin damage induced by UVB irradiation in hairless mice by Hwang E1, Sun ZW, Lee TH, Shin HS, Park SY, Lee DG, Cho BG, Sohn H, Kwon OW, Kim SY, Yi TH.(PubMed)
(13) Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver by Kim DH1, Chung JH, Yoon JS, Ha YM, Bae S, Lee EK, Jung KJ, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kim MK, Chung HY.(PubMed)
(14) Hormesis-based anti-aging products: a case study of a novel cosmetic by Rattan SI1, Kryzch V, Schnebert S, Perrier E, Nizard C.(PubMed)
(15) Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study by Lee HS1, Kim MR, Park Y, Park HJ, Chang UJ, Kim SY, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Inhibitory effect of encapsulated curcumin on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in mice by Agrawal R1, Kaur IP.(PubMed)
(17) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(18) Curcumin induces heme oxygenase-1 in normal human skinfibroblasts through redox signaling: relevance for anti-aging intervention by Lima CF1, Pereira-Wilson C, Rattan SI.(PubMed)
(19) Titrated extract of Centella asiatica provides a UVB protective effect by altering microRNA expression profiles in human dermal fibroblasts by An IS1, An S, Kang SM, Choe TB, Lee SN, Jang HH, Bae S.(PubMed)
(20) Centella asiatica protects against UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocyte damage through microRNA expression changes by An IS1, An S, Choe TΒ, Kang SΜ, Lee JH, Park IC, Jin YW, Lee SJ, Bae S.(PubMed)
(21) Evaluation of the effects of a preparation containing asiaticoside on periocular wrinkles of human volunteers by Lee J1, Jung E, Lee H, Seo Y, Koh J, Park D.(PubMed)
(22) Improving lip wrinkles: lipstick-related image analysis by Ryu JS1, Park SG, Kwak TJ, Chang MY, Park ME, Choi KH, Sung KH, Shin HJ, Lee CK, Kang YS, Yoon MS, Rang MJ, Kim SJ.(PubMed)
(23) [Comparative activity of asiaticoside and madecassoside on type I and III collagen synthesis by cultured human fibroblasts].[Article in French] by Bonté F1, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, Meybeck A.(PubMed)(24) Anti-wrinkle activity of ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient by Kim YH1, Chung CB, Kim JG, Ko KI, Park SH, Kim JH, Eom SY, Kim YS, Hwang YI, Kim KH.(PubMed)
(25) Inhibitory effect of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on ultraviolet-B-induced photodamage of rat skin by Tsukahara K1, Moriwaki S, Fujimura T, Takema Y.(PubMed)
(26) Magnolia ovovata extract and its active component magnolol prevent skin photoaging via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by Tanaka K1, Hasegawa J, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(27) Protecting skin photoaging by NF-kappaB inhibitor by Tanaka K1, Asamitsu K, Uranishi H, Iddamalgoda A, Ito K, Kojima H, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(28) Protective effect of detoxified Rhus verniciflua stokes on human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts against oxidative stress and identification of the bioactive phenolics by Liu CS1, Nam TG, Han MW, Ahn SM, Choi HS, Kim TY, Chun OK, Koo SI, Kim DO.(PubMed)
(29) Identification of Rhus verniciflua Stokes compounds that exhibit free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties by Lee JC1, Lim KT, Jang YS.(PubMed)
(30) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(31) The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro by Mamalis A1, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J.(PnbMed)
(32) Effect of a novel dietary supplement on skin aging in post-menopausal women by Skovgaard GR1, Jensen AS, Sigler ML(PubMed)
(33) Cinnamon extract promotes type I collagen biosynthesis via activation of IGF-I signaling in human dermal fibroblasts by Takasao N1, Tsuji-Naito K, Ishikura S, Tamura A, Akagawa M.(PubMed)
(34) Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids by Chuarienthong P1, Lourith N, Leelapornpisid P.(PubMed)
(35) Green tea and the skin by Hsu S.(PubMed)
(36) Biochemical studies of a natural antioxidant isolated from rosemary and its application in cosmetic dermatology by Calabrese V1, Scapagnini G, Catalano C, Dinotta F, Geraci D, Morganti P.
(PubMed)
(37) enolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality by Shi J1, Yu J, Pohorly JE, Kakuda Y.by (PubMed)
(38) Hypodermal delivery of cosmetic actives for improved facial skinmorphology and functionality by Bojanowski K.(PubMed)
(39)Clinical, biometric and ultrasound assessment of the effects of daily use of a nutraceutical composed of lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine Complex in photoaged human skin by Costa A1, Lindmark L, Arruda LH, Assumpção EC, Ota FS, Pereira Mde O, Langen SS.(PubMed)
(40) Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures by Grunebaum LD1, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS.(PubMed)
(41) Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Lavandulaangustifolia Miller Essential Oil are Shielded by Propolis Against UV Radiations by Angelo G1, Lorena C, Marta G, Antonella C.(PubMed)
(42) Stimulating effects of Bacillus subtilis natto-fermented Radix astragalion hyaluronic acid production in human skin cells by Hsu MF1, Chiang BH.(PubMed)
(43) Comparison of Puerariae Radix and its hydrolysate on stimulation of hyaluronic acid production in NHEK cells by Wen KC1, Lin SP, Yu CP, Chiang HM.(PubMed)
(44) eview on Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah): bioactive phytochemicals and skin collagen synthesis promoting herb by Chua LS1, Lee SY, Abdullah N, Sarmidi MR.(PubMed)
(45) Labisia pumila extract protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation by Choi HK1, Kim DH, Kim JW, Ngadiran S, Sarmidi MR, Park CS.(PubMed)
#Healthyfood #Eggplant Processes Anti-#Cancers Activities, Researchers Say
Kyle J. Norton
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with a deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.
Chemical constituents
The vegetable chemical compounds containing include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane, and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids, and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin, and other Polyphenolic compounds.
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the tissue and organs. At the late stage, the cells may spread a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs.
Accordingly, to statistics, 30% of all deaths in Canada result from cancer.
Epidemiological studies suggested that eggplant has a profound and sustainable effect in reduced risk and treatment of various types of cancer through its bioactive phytochemicals, including t glycoalkaloids for antiproliferative activities against human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells(1); delphinidin, a flavonoid pigment contained in the peel of eggplant in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell(2).
1. Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of colon At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistics, approximately 4.3 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer at some point during their lifetime.
In human colon (HT29), observed microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, application of several chemical constituents isolated from eggplant(2)(5), including glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine and their common aglycon solasodine; and the nonsteroidal alkaloid jervine, demonstrated an overwhelming effect in inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation(3), particularly in the compound glycoalkaloids in compared to others in a dose-dependent manner.
Further analysis also suggested that the nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites glycoalkaloids anti colon cancer cells expression was attributed to its derivative α-solamargine and α-solasonine activities(3) in inhibiting the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) and tumor growth in vivo.
Additionally, in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines, anthocyanins isolated from eggplant displayed a substantial antioxidant effect in inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) expression(4) in the induction of healthy cellular DNA damage through increased production of inflammatory cytokines(4).
In compared to anthocyanins, administration of nasunin with glycosylation on C3 and C5 and an acyl group (p-coumaric acid) derivatives demonstrated the least effect on ROS reduction but exhibited ROS overexpression in the induction of cytotoxicity in colon cell lines(4), thus ameliorating tumor proliferation and site expansion.
Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected healthy cells from DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner(4), although with lesser anti-ROS properties.
Dr. Pu Jing(4), the lead author said, "Anthocyanins isolated from Chinese eggplant var. Niu Jiao Qie and other delphinidin have antioxidant activities in colon cancer cells and also protect cells from DNA damage".
The evaluation of anthocyanins' chemopreventive properties in 25 colon cancer patients confirmed that application, containing 0.5-2.0 grams of anthocyanins showed a strong effect in increased anthocyanin concentrations in plasma and urine, reaching approximately 179 ng/gram in tumor tissue at the highest dose(6), that indicated the phytochemical anthocyanins and their degradation products have reached the colon intact.
Examined tumor tissue from all patients also found that the rate of cancer cells proliferation was also decreased by 7% compared to pre-intervention value and application in dose-dependent also inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration (6) in stimulated growth in cancer cells throughout the colon tumor site.
Dr. Thomasset S(6), the lead author in the study "Intact anthocyanins and metabolites in rat urine and plasma after 3 months of anthocyanin supplementation" said, "Studies of doses containing <0.5 gram of bilberry anthocyanins are necessary to adjudge whether they may be appropriate for development as colorectal cancer chemopreventive agents".
2. Melanoma
According to statistics, approximately 87,110 new cases of invasive melanoma cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017.
The investigation of the glycoalkaloids isolated from numerous Solanaceous plants, including eggplant at risk of melanoma, suggested that eggplant glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine(5) demonstrated a significant effect in inhibition of cancer cells proliferation, in both vitro and vivo.
Further analysis of the chemistry and structure-activity also suggested that both α-solamargine and α-solasonine exert a strong antioxidant effect in increased cancer cell apoptosis and decrease tumor formation through expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)(5) in cancer cellular processes and NF-kappaB cascades(5) in enhanced T-cell development, maturation, and proliferation, in animal models.
In melanoma cell lines, the application of glycoalkaloid solamargine showed a complete
inhibition of the growth of metastatic and primary melanoma cell lines WM239 and WM115 with minimum effect on normal and benign WM35 melanoma cells through reduced blood supplies in induced necrosis(9) by rapid induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in controls the passage to allow intracellular or intraorganellar antigens into and out of lysosomes.
The action of glycoalkaloid solamargine in an exhibition of cancer cell apoptosis was found to attribute to the physiological processes activated by cathepsin B activity in triggering the extrinsic mitochondrial death pathway through releasing cytochrome c, a hemeprotein(9) found loosely in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1)(9) in an expression of the transcription factor NF-κB in mediated apoptosis.
In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, Solamargine disrupted the function of hILP/XIAP in blocking cancer cells' apoptosis through interaction with TRAF protein activated by mediating activation of transcription factors of the NF-κB(9), thus improving caspase-3 cleavage in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis, up-regulating Bcl-xL, and Bcl2 in regulated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cell cycle entry and suppressing apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Apaf-1 and Bax family in expression of both anti- or pro-apoptotic regulation(9).
Dr. Al Sinani SS, the lead author, after taking into account other confounders said, " Solamargine showed high efficacy in vitro, particularly against the vertical growth phase melanoma cells" and "is a promising anti-malignant melanoma drug".
In the researching of chemically isolating and exploring an anti-melanogenesis inducer in extracts of Solanum melongena L. "Usukawamarunasu" eggplant, the identified dioscin ([25R]-Spirost-5-en-3β-yl) 2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl) - 4-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside] displayed an overwhelming effect in inhibition of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells(8).
According to the immunoblot analysis, dioscin-prevented B16 murine melanoma cells proliferation was found to attribute to ameliorating the expression of tyrosinase in intracellular production of melanin, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2(9) which were significantly correlated to tumor cell stage and grade and metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival.
Additionally, the suppression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression also attenuated
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in production of melanogenesis in B16 cells(9).
Further differentiation also indicated that the identified chemicals also exerted anti-melanoma cells' preoperative effect through mediating pro-survival functions microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)(9), through inhibition of Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in expressing a cassette of regeneration-associated genes with alternated DNA transcription caused by phosphorylation in an expression of α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16 cells(9).
3. Liver cancer
Liver cancer is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissues of liver. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissue and organs.
According to statistics, approximately 40,710 new cases (29,200 in men and 11,510 in women) of liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct cancer will be diagnosed in the US in 2017.
Glycoalkaloids (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in eggplants and numerous Solanaceous plants including potatoes, and tomatoes expressed a strong inhibition of the growth of the liver tumor cells in culture and tumor growth in vivo(10)(11).
More specifically, α-solamargine and α-solasonine induced apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal cells through functions in eliminating old cells, unnecessary cells, unhealthy cells, and cancer cells without causing harm to healthy cells in the surrounding area(5).
α-solamargine also suppressed liver cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through cell cycle arrest(5).
Additionally, in the HCT-116 cell line, anthocyanins isolated from eggplant displayed a substantial antioxidant effect in inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) expression in promoting oxidative stress and cytotoxicity(6)(120 in the induction of healthy cellular DNA damage in initiated early onset of liver cancer.
Compared to anthocyanins, administration of nasunin with glycosylation on C3 and C5 and an acyl group (p-coumaric acid) derivatives demonstrated the least effect on ROS reduction(6)(12) but exhibited ROS overexpression in the induction of cytotoxicity in colon cell lines, thus ameliorating tumor proliferation and site expansion(6), according to microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay.
Further analysis, also indicated that nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected healthy cells from DNA damage through antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner.
In the valuations carried out with four concentrations each (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL) of the potato trisaccharide glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine; the disaccharides beta(1)-chaconine, beta(2)-chaconine, and beta(2)-solanine; the monosaccharide gamma-chaconine and their common aglycon solanidine; the tetrasaccharide potato glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine; the potato aglycon demissidine; the tetrasaccharide tomato glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine, the trisaccharide beta(1)-tomatine, the disaccharide gamma-tomatine, the monosaccharide delta-tomtine, and their common aglycon tomatidine, and the eggplant glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine and their common aglycon solasodine; and the nonsteroidal alkaloid jervine, researchers found that the glycoalkaloids isolated from all vegetables demonstrated as the most active compound in inhibited liver cancer in compared to colon cells(1).
Compared to anticancer drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin, all isolated compounds also exerted significant activity in decreased cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
4. Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of the prostate. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistics, approximately 11.6 percent of men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point during their lifetime.
In vitro and in vivo application of glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine expressed a significant effect in inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and human prostate cancer cell lines(1).
Indeed, in the human prostate cancer cell PC-3. administration of non toxic dose of α-solanine initiated cancer suppression and reduced the viability of the human cancer cell through significantly elevated epithelial marker E-cadherin gene expression(13) in target mutated cell in induction of cell profileration and invasion and decreased mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in initiated cell metastasis.
α-Solanine ameliorated cancer cell proliferation and tumor initiation through reduced mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9)(13) in stimulated cancer invasion and metastasis and increases the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK)(13) in suppression of prostate tumor progression and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in the regulation of MMP(3) activity, particular in the induction of cancer cell overexpression.
According to the observation of the Immunoblotting assays, injection of α-solanine is effective in suppressed phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)(13) which plays an important role in modulated cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking involved cancer progression, Akt phosphorylates expression(13) with primary functions is to promote cell growth and protein synthesis and The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway phosphorylates(13) with function in the control of diverse cellular processes including such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility.
α-solanine reduced levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in expression of cancer progression(13). Higher levels of miR-21 are correlated to more advanced malignancies and elevated tumor suppressor miR-138 expression in induced prostate cancer cells apoptosis through cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition(13).
5. Lung cancer
Lung cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of lung At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistic, approximately 28,600 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer representing 14% of all new cancer cases in 2017.
In the investigation of the eggplant bioactive phytochemical glycoalkaloids activity and risk of various types of malignant tumors, Dr. Friedman M found that derivatives of glycoalkaloids, α-solamargine and α-solasonine(1) demonstrated a strong inhibited effect in the growth of the lung and other cancer cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo, involved some unknown signaling pathways(14).
The investigation of solasodine, a naturally occurring aglycone of glycoalkaloid in eggplant (Solanum melongena) in human lung cancer cell line A549 showed that solasodine displays a significant effect in ameliorated cancer cell viability and initiated cell apoptosis through attenuating expression of mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9(14) which were found to be elevated in patients with lung cancer in compared to healthy subjects and extracellular inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (EMMPRIN)(14), a cell surface glycoprotein which plays an important role in stimulated the production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Further investigation, also indicated that the inhibitory property of solasodine by increasing the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK)(14) not only reduces the risk of RECK accelerated cancer cell proliferation but also exhibits initiation of irreversible growth cycle arrest through short hairpin of mRNA in suppression of the RECK gene(14).
Additionally, injection of solasodine promoted cancer cells death was also associated with the over-expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)(14), a glycoprotein found in several tissues of organisms with function in involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix as mention above and TIMP-2(14), a member of the TIMP gene family with function as a metastasis suppressor.
According to the immunoblotting assays, the administration of solasodine is very effective in suppressing PI3K /Akt phosphorylation of lung cancer cells in the induction of cell proliferation(13)(14).
PI3K /Akt phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways.
Alterations in phosphorylation pathways result in serious outcomes in the form of diseases, especially cancer.
Solasodine decreased expression of microRNA-21 which has been found to be higher in more advanced malignancies, in initiated early entry phase of cancer developing by stimulated production of RECK(13)(14) in accelerated cancer cell proliferation, thus decreasing the risk of cell invasion.
After taking into account of all confounders, Dr. Shen KH, the lead author said, "The findings demonstrate an attractive therapeutic potential for solasodine in lung cancer anti-metastatic therapy".
6. Bone Cancer
Bone cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of the colon. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistic, early stage of bone cancer diagnosis of 5-year survival rate are approximately 85%.
In the evaluation of the effect of solamargine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid against human osteosarcoma
U2OS cells, researchers at the Shandong University showed that the application of solamargine exerted a substantially reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma U2OS cells through overexpression of mRNA and protein expressions of p53 in regulated the cell cycle(15) in the involvement of tumor suppression and Bax(15) in the expression of pro-apoptotic regulators involved in a wide variety of cellular activities and activated apoptosis and reduced expression of Bcl-2(15) with function against cell apoptosis.
Further analysis also indicated that solamargine-induced apoptotic and suppressible activity against osteosarcoma U2OS cell line was attributed to increasing mitochondrial translocation of p53(15), induction of cell death through modulated loss of mitochondrial membrane of cancer cells, and cytochrome c release(15) during the early stage of apoptosis.
Solamargine also activated the expression of caspase-9(15) which plays a central role in apoptosis signal transduction, a cascade of biochemical reactions inside the cell in the ignition of cell death and the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis and caspase -3, a caspase protein(15) that interacts with caspase-9 and dependent on mitochondrial cytochrome c release(15) in the initiation of anti-cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion.
In additional differentiation of the effect of p53, researchers found that although P53 may have a profound and positive inhibition of the tested cancer line, its function also was reduced due to the presence of pifithrin-α(15), and mitochondrial translocation inhibitor pifithrin-μ(15), in inhibition of function of p53-mediated apoptosis, in prevented p53 binding to Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 (15)at the mitochondria ..., thus partially reversing the anti-proliferative activity of solamargine.
Dr. Li X(15), the lead scientist said, "(the results finding, indicated that) Solamargine activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in U2OS cells via both p53 transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms".
Although eggplant with abundantly bioactive compounds may be considered a functional food in reduced risk and treatment of cancers, however, according to Dr. Shimada A. in a year (continuous 2 days for 12 months) food surveys held at 5 areas in Japan, the frequency of intake eggplant may associate to increase risk of gastric cancer and gastric cancer mortality rate(7), but may account partly for the geographic variation in gastric cancer mortality in Japan(11).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of delphinidin from Solanum melongena on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 invasiveness in vitro by Nagase H1, Sasaki K, Kito H, Haga A, Sato T.(PubMed)
(3) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines by Jing P1, Qian B2, Zhao S2, Qi X3, Ye L2, Mónica Giusti M4, Wang X5.(PubMed)
(5) Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes by Friedman M1(PubMed)
(6) Pilot study of oral anthocyanins for colorectal cancer chemoprevention by Thomasset S1, Berry DP, Cai H, West K, Marczylo TH, Marsden D, Brown K, Dennison A, Garcea G, Miller A, Hemingway D, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. (PubMed)
(7) [Regional differences in gastric cancer mortality and eating habits of people].[Article in Japanese] by Shimada A.(PubMed)
(8) Dioscin Derived from Solanum melongena L. "Usukawamarunasu" Attenuates α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16 Murine Melanoma Cells via Downregulation of Phospho-CREB and MITF by Nishina A1, Ebina K1, Ukiya M1, Fukatsu M1, Koketsu M2, Ninomiya M2, Sato D3, Kimura H4.(PubMed)
(9) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death pathways by Al Sinani SS1, Eltayeb EA1, Coomber BL2, Adham SA1.(PubMed)
(10) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(11) Food consumption and gastric cancer mortality in five regions of Japan by Tsubono Y1, Kobayashi M, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(12) Solasodine, Solamargine and Mixtures of Solasodine Rhamnosides: Pathway to Expansive Clinical Anticancer Therapies Bill E. Cham by International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2017, 8, 692-713
(13) α-Solanine inhibits invasion of human prostate cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMPs expression by Shen KH1, Liao AC2, Hung JH3, Lee WJ4, Hu KC5, Lin PT6, Liao RF7, Chen PS8. (PubMed)
(14) Solasodine inhibits invasion of human lung cancer cells through downregulation of miR-21 and MMPs expression by Shen KH1, Hung JH2, Chang CW2, Weng YT2, Wu MJ2, Chen PS3.(PubMed)
(15) Solamargine induces apoptosis associated with p53 transcription-dependent and transcription-independent pathways in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells by Li X1, Zhao Y, Wu WK, Liu S, Cui M, Lou H.(PubMed)
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with a deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.
Chemical constituents
The vegetable chemical compounds containing include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane, and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids, and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin, and other Polyphenolic compounds.
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the tissue and organs. At the late stage, the cells may spread a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs.
Accordingly, to statistics, 30% of all deaths in Canada result from cancer.
Epidemiological studies suggested that eggplant has a profound and sustainable effect in reduced risk and treatment of various types of cancer through its bioactive phytochemicals, including t glycoalkaloids for antiproliferative activities against human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells(1); delphinidin, a flavonoid pigment contained in the peel of eggplant in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell(2).
1. Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of colon At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistics, approximately 4.3 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer at some point during their lifetime.
In human colon (HT29), observed microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, application of several chemical constituents isolated from eggplant(2)(5), including glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine and their common aglycon solasodine; and the nonsteroidal alkaloid jervine, demonstrated an overwhelming effect in inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation(3), particularly in the compound glycoalkaloids in compared to others in a dose-dependent manner.
Further analysis also suggested that the nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites glycoalkaloids anti colon cancer cells expression was attributed to its derivative α-solamargine and α-solasonine activities(3) in inhibiting the growth of the cells in culture (in vitro) and tumor growth in vivo.
Additionally, in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines, anthocyanins isolated from eggplant displayed a substantial antioxidant effect in inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) expression(4) in the induction of healthy cellular DNA damage through increased production of inflammatory cytokines(4).
In compared to anthocyanins, administration of nasunin with glycosylation on C3 and C5 and an acyl group (p-coumaric acid) derivatives demonstrated the least effect on ROS reduction but exhibited ROS overexpression in the induction of cytotoxicity in colon cell lines(4), thus ameliorating tumor proliferation and site expansion.
Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected healthy cells from DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner(4), although with lesser anti-ROS properties.
Dr. Pu Jing(4), the lead author said, "Anthocyanins isolated from Chinese eggplant var. Niu Jiao Qie and other delphinidin have antioxidant activities in colon cancer cells and also protect cells from DNA damage".
The evaluation of anthocyanins' chemopreventive properties in 25 colon cancer patients confirmed that application, containing 0.5-2.0 grams of anthocyanins showed a strong effect in increased anthocyanin concentrations in plasma and urine, reaching approximately 179 ng/gram in tumor tissue at the highest dose(6), that indicated the phytochemical anthocyanins and their degradation products have reached the colon intact.
Examined tumor tissue from all patients also found that the rate of cancer cells proliferation was also decreased by 7% compared to pre-intervention value and application in dose-dependent also inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration (6) in stimulated growth in cancer cells throughout the colon tumor site.
Dr. Thomasset S(6), the lead author in the study "Intact anthocyanins and metabolites in rat urine and plasma after 3 months of anthocyanin supplementation" said, "Studies of doses containing <0.5 gram of bilberry anthocyanins are necessary to adjudge whether they may be appropriate for development as colorectal cancer chemopreventive agents".
2. Melanoma
According to statistics, approximately 87,110 new cases of invasive melanoma cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017.
The investigation of the glycoalkaloids isolated from numerous Solanaceous plants, including eggplant at risk of melanoma, suggested that eggplant glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine(5) demonstrated a significant effect in inhibition of cancer cells proliferation, in both vitro and vivo.
Further analysis of the chemistry and structure-activity also suggested that both α-solamargine and α-solasonine exert a strong antioxidant effect in increased cancer cell apoptosis and decrease tumor formation through expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)(5) in cancer cellular processes and NF-kappaB cascades(5) in enhanced T-cell development, maturation, and proliferation, in animal models.
In melanoma cell lines, the application of glycoalkaloid solamargine showed a complete
inhibition of the growth of metastatic and primary melanoma cell lines WM239 and WM115 with minimum effect on normal and benign WM35 melanoma cells through reduced blood supplies in induced necrosis(9) by rapid induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in controls the passage to allow intracellular or intraorganellar antigens into and out of lysosomes.
The action of glycoalkaloid solamargine in an exhibition of cancer cell apoptosis was found to attribute to the physiological processes activated by cathepsin B activity in triggering the extrinsic mitochondrial death pathway through releasing cytochrome c, a hemeprotein(9) found loosely in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1)(9) in an expression of the transcription factor NF-κB in mediated apoptosis.
In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, Solamargine disrupted the function of hILP/XIAP in blocking cancer cells' apoptosis through interaction with TRAF protein activated by mediating activation of transcription factors of the NF-κB(9), thus improving caspase-3 cleavage in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis, up-regulating Bcl-xL, and Bcl2 in regulated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cell cycle entry and suppressing apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Apaf-1 and Bax family in expression of both anti- or pro-apoptotic regulation(9).
Dr. Al Sinani SS, the lead author, after taking into account other confounders said, " Solamargine showed high efficacy in vitro, particularly against the vertical growth phase melanoma cells" and "is a promising anti-malignant melanoma drug".
In the researching of chemically isolating and exploring an anti-melanogenesis inducer in extracts of Solanum melongena L. "Usukawamarunasu" eggplant, the identified dioscin ([25R]-Spirost-5-en-3β-yl) 2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl) - 4-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside] displayed an overwhelming effect in inhibition of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells(8).
According to the immunoblot analysis, dioscin-prevented B16 murine melanoma cells proliferation was found to attribute to ameliorating the expression of tyrosinase in intracellular production of melanin, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2(9) which were significantly correlated to tumor cell stage and grade and metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival.
Additionally, the suppression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression also attenuated
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in production of melanogenesis in B16 cells(9).
Further differentiation also indicated that the identified chemicals also exerted anti-melanoma cells' preoperative effect through mediating pro-survival functions microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)(9), through inhibition of Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in expressing a cassette of regeneration-associated genes with alternated DNA transcription caused by phosphorylation in an expression of α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16 cells(9).
3. Liver cancer
Liver cancer is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissues of liver. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissue and organs.
According to statistics, approximately 40,710 new cases (29,200 in men and 11,510 in women) of liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct cancer will be diagnosed in the US in 2017.
Glycoalkaloids (α-solamargine and α-solasonine), nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in eggplants and numerous Solanaceous plants including potatoes, and tomatoes expressed a strong inhibition of the growth of the liver tumor cells in culture and tumor growth in vivo(10)(11).
More specifically, α-solamargine and α-solasonine induced apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal cells through functions in eliminating old cells, unnecessary cells, unhealthy cells, and cancer cells without causing harm to healthy cells in the surrounding area(5).
α-solamargine also suppressed liver cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through cell cycle arrest(5).
Additionally, in the HCT-116 cell line, anthocyanins isolated from eggplant displayed a substantial antioxidant effect in inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) expression in promoting oxidative stress and cytotoxicity(6)(120 in the induction of healthy cellular DNA damage in initiated early onset of liver cancer.
Compared to anthocyanins, administration of nasunin with glycosylation on C3 and C5 and an acyl group (p-coumaric acid) derivatives demonstrated the least effect on ROS reduction(6)(12) but exhibited ROS overexpression in the induction of cytotoxicity in colon cell lines, thus ameliorating tumor proliferation and site expansion(6), according to microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay.
Further analysis, also indicated that nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected healthy cells from DNA damage through antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner.
In the valuations carried out with four concentrations each (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL) of the potato trisaccharide glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine; the disaccharides beta(1)-chaconine, beta(2)-chaconine, and beta(2)-solanine; the monosaccharide gamma-chaconine and their common aglycon solanidine; the tetrasaccharide potato glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine; the potato aglycon demissidine; the tetrasaccharide tomato glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine, the trisaccharide beta(1)-tomatine, the disaccharide gamma-tomatine, the monosaccharide delta-tomtine, and their common aglycon tomatidine, and the eggplant glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine and their common aglycon solasodine; and the nonsteroidal alkaloid jervine, researchers found that the glycoalkaloids isolated from all vegetables demonstrated as the most active compound in inhibited liver cancer in compared to colon cells(1).
Compared to anticancer drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin, all isolated compounds also exerted significant activity in decreased cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
4. Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of the prostate. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistics, approximately 11.6 percent of men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point during their lifetime.
In vitro and in vivo application of glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine expressed a significant effect in inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and human prostate cancer cell lines(1).
Indeed, in the human prostate cancer cell PC-3. administration of non toxic dose of α-solanine initiated cancer suppression and reduced the viability of the human cancer cell through significantly elevated epithelial marker E-cadherin gene expression(13) in target mutated cell in induction of cell profileration and invasion and decreased mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in initiated cell metastasis.
α-Solanine ameliorated cancer cell proliferation and tumor initiation through reduced mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9)(13) in stimulated cancer invasion and metastasis and increases the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK)(13) in suppression of prostate tumor progression and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in the regulation of MMP(3) activity, particular in the induction of cancer cell overexpression.
According to the observation of the Immunoblotting assays, injection of α-solanine is effective in suppressed phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)(13) which plays an important role in modulated cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking involved cancer progression, Akt phosphorylates expression(13) with primary functions is to promote cell growth and protein synthesis and The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway phosphorylates(13) with function in the control of diverse cellular processes including such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility.
α-solanine reduced levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in expression of cancer progression(13). Higher levels of miR-21 are correlated to more advanced malignancies and elevated tumor suppressor miR-138 expression in induced prostate cancer cells apoptosis through cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition(13).
5. Lung cancer
Lung cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of lung At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistic, approximately 28,600 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer representing 14% of all new cancer cases in 2017.
In the investigation of the eggplant bioactive phytochemical glycoalkaloids activity and risk of various types of malignant tumors, Dr. Friedman M found that derivatives of glycoalkaloids, α-solamargine and α-solasonine(1) demonstrated a strong inhibited effect in the growth of the lung and other cancer cells in culture (in vitro) as well as tumor growth in vivo, involved some unknown signaling pathways(14).
The investigation of solasodine, a naturally occurring aglycone of glycoalkaloid in eggplant (Solanum melongena) in human lung cancer cell line A549 showed that solasodine displays a significant effect in ameliorated cancer cell viability and initiated cell apoptosis through attenuating expression of mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9(14) which were found to be elevated in patients with lung cancer in compared to healthy subjects and extracellular inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (EMMPRIN)(14), a cell surface glycoprotein which plays an important role in stimulated the production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Further investigation, also indicated that the inhibitory property of solasodine by increasing the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK)(14) not only reduces the risk of RECK accelerated cancer cell proliferation but also exhibits initiation of irreversible growth cycle arrest through short hairpin of mRNA in suppression of the RECK gene(14).
Additionally, injection of solasodine promoted cancer cells death was also associated with the over-expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)(14), a glycoprotein found in several tissues of organisms with function in involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix as mention above and TIMP-2(14), a member of the TIMP gene family with function as a metastasis suppressor.
According to the immunoblotting assays, the administration of solasodine is very effective in suppressing PI3K /Akt phosphorylation of lung cancer cells in the induction of cell proliferation(13)(14).
PI3K /Akt phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways.
Alterations in phosphorylation pathways result in serious outcomes in the form of diseases, especially cancer.
Solasodine decreased expression of microRNA-21 which has been found to be higher in more advanced malignancies, in initiated early entry phase of cancer developing by stimulated production of RECK(13)(14) in accelerated cancer cell proliferation, thus decreasing the risk of cell invasion.
After taking into account of all confounders, Dr. Shen KH, the lead author said, "The findings demonstrate an attractive therapeutic potential for solasodine in lung cancer anti-metastatic therapy".
6. Bone Cancer
Bone cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of the colon. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.
According to statistic, early stage of bone cancer diagnosis of 5-year survival rate are approximately 85%.
In the evaluation of the effect of solamargine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid against human osteosarcoma
U2OS cells, researchers at the Shandong University showed that the application of solamargine exerted a substantially reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma U2OS cells through overexpression of mRNA and protein expressions of p53 in regulated the cell cycle(15) in the involvement of tumor suppression and Bax(15) in the expression of pro-apoptotic regulators involved in a wide variety of cellular activities and activated apoptosis and reduced expression of Bcl-2(15) with function against cell apoptosis.
Further analysis also indicated that solamargine-induced apoptotic and suppressible activity against osteosarcoma U2OS cell line was attributed to increasing mitochondrial translocation of p53(15), induction of cell death through modulated loss of mitochondrial membrane of cancer cells, and cytochrome c release(15) during the early stage of apoptosis.
Solamargine also activated the expression of caspase-9(15) which plays a central role in apoptosis signal transduction, a cascade of biochemical reactions inside the cell in the ignition of cell death and the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis and caspase -3, a caspase protein(15) that interacts with caspase-9 and dependent on mitochondrial cytochrome c release(15) in the initiation of anti-cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion.
In additional differentiation of the effect of p53, researchers found that although P53 may have a profound and positive inhibition of the tested cancer line, its function also was reduced due to the presence of pifithrin-α(15), and mitochondrial translocation inhibitor pifithrin-μ(15), in inhibition of function of p53-mediated apoptosis, in prevented p53 binding to Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 (15)at the mitochondria ..., thus partially reversing the anti-proliferative activity of solamargine.
Dr. Li X(15), the lead scientist said, "(the results finding, indicated that) Solamargine activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in U2OS cells via both p53 transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms".
Although eggplant with abundantly bioactive compounds may be considered a functional food in reduced risk and treatment of cancers, however, according to Dr. Shimada A. in a year (continuous 2 days for 12 months) food surveys held at 5 areas in Japan, the frequency of intake eggplant may associate to increase risk of gastric cancer and gastric cancer mortality rate(7), but may account partly for the geographic variation in gastric cancer mortality in Japan(11).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of delphinidin from Solanum melongena on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 invasiveness in vitro by Nagase H1, Sasaki K, Kito H, Haga A, Sato T.(PubMed)
(3) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines by Jing P1, Qian B2, Zhao S2, Qi X3, Ye L2, Mónica Giusti M4, Wang X5.(PubMed)
(5) Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes by Friedman M1(PubMed)
(6) Pilot study of oral anthocyanins for colorectal cancer chemoprevention by Thomasset S1, Berry DP, Cai H, West K, Marczylo TH, Marsden D, Brown K, Dennison A, Garcea G, Miller A, Hemingway D, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. (PubMed)
(7) [Regional differences in gastric cancer mortality and eating habits of people].[Article in Japanese] by Shimada A.(PubMed)
(8) Dioscin Derived from Solanum melongena L. "Usukawamarunasu" Attenuates α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16 Murine Melanoma Cells via Downregulation of Phospho-CREB and MITF by Nishina A1, Ebina K1, Ukiya M1, Fukatsu M1, Koketsu M2, Ninomiya M2, Sato D3, Kimura H4.(PubMed)
(9) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death pathways by Al Sinani SS1, Eltayeb EA1, Coomber BL2, Adham SA1.(PubMed)
(10) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M.(PubMed)
(11) Food consumption and gastric cancer mortality in five regions of Japan by Tsubono Y1, Kobayashi M, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(12) Solasodine, Solamargine and Mixtures of Solasodine Rhamnosides: Pathway to Expansive Clinical Anticancer Therapies Bill E. Cham by International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2017, 8, 692-713
(13) α-Solanine inhibits invasion of human prostate cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMPs expression by Shen KH1, Liao AC2, Hung JH3, Lee WJ4, Hu KC5, Lin PT6, Liao RF7, Chen PS8. (PubMed)
(14) Solasodine inhibits invasion of human lung cancer cells through downregulation of miR-21 and MMPs expression by Shen KH1, Hung JH2, Chang CW2, Weng YT2, Wu MJ2, Chen PS3.(PubMed)
(15) Solamargine induces apoptosis associated with p53 transcription-dependent and transcription-independent pathways in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells by Li X1, Zhao Y, Wu WK, Liu S, Cui M, Lou H.(PubMed)
#CarrotEssentialOil Inhibits #SkinCancer Through Anti-Oroliferative Events, Such as Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Senescence, Researchers Say
Kyle J. Norton
Carrots may have a profound and substantial effect in reducing the risk, progression, and treatment of skin cancer, some scientists suggested.
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in skin tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may infect other healthy tissue and organ a distance away from the original site.
Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spice of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.
In the investigation of essential oil isolated from wild carrot umbels effect in mice induced skin cancer through injection of 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA), after 20 weeks of administered to animals via gavage (0.02 mL of 100% oil), intraperitoneal (0.3 mL of 2% oil), and topical (0.2 mL of 5, 50, and 100% oil) with half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50, researchers showed that topical administration of 100% mice group exerted in delay skin cancer appearance and inhibited tumor incidence of 89%.
With a concentration of IC40, topical 50% and 5% treatment inhibited tumor incidence by 83% and 36%, respectively.
Topical ingestion of 100, 50, and 5% oil, also revealed a significant decrease of tumor volume by 99, 91, and 70%, respectively.
Intraperitoneally, treatment mice displayed an inhibited tumor by 43%, and decreased tumor volume by 85%, whereas gavage treatment showed minimal effects on both.
These results suggested that intraperitoneal and topical treatment of wild carrot essential oil decreased infiltration and proliferation with an increase in abnormal thickening of the outer layer of the skin.
Further analysis of the wild carrot essential oil anti-cancer effect on human epidermal keratinocytes and the chemopreventive activity of the pentane diethyl ether fraction on DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice, scientists in the joint study led by the Lebanese American University suggested that application of all fractions isolated from the essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with HaCaT cells being 2.4-3 times less sensitive than HaCaT-ras A5 (benign tumorigenic), and HaCaT-ras II4 (malignant) cells observed by western blot.
In Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 2-himacharlen-6-ol. a derivative isolated from pentane/diethylether fraction (F2), demonstrated strong inhibition of HaCaT-ras A5 and HaCaT-ras II4 cells through cell cycle arrest in the accumulation of cells of the sub-G1 apoptotic phase and apoptosis in decreased the population of cells in the S and G2/M phases.
The results were attributed to the F2 fraction in enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) in induction cellular apoptosis and attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) proteins in promoted cancer proliferation.
Interestingly, all fractions also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, (AKT is an essential component of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway) in monitoring skin cancer cell growth and resistance to apoptosis and ERK(components of mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways) in mediated different anti-proliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence.
Based on the information found, Dr. Shebaby WN, the lead author said, " F2 fraction has a remarkable antitumor activity against DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, an effect that may be mediated through inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways".
The above differentiation was supported by the joint study led by the University of Surrey in the evaluation of Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) activity in the inhibition of HaCaT-ras II-4 epidermal squamous cells.
According to the experiment, β-2-himachalen-6-ol isolated from the wild carrot essential oil at dose-dependent decreased in skin cell survival with an IC50 and IC90 of 8 and 30 μg/ml, respectively.
Observation of Flow cytometry analysis also revealed that treatment by β-2-himachalen-6-ol is linearly associated with volume injection, as the dose of 10 μg/ml HC significantly increased the number of cells undergoing late apoptosis (28%), while 25 μg/ml caused a larger cell shift towards late apoptosis (46.6%) and necrosis (39%).
Besides decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT, and ERK as shown in the mentioned above, β-2-himachalen-6-ol also inhibited the significant decrease in protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in acting as tumors suppressor, caused by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/ 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and increased p21 and Bax function in cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis.
Astonishingly, the application of essential oil extract from wild carrot inhibited skin cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis withing harming the nearby healthy cells in tested mice.
Taken together, the essential oil of carrot and its bioactive derivative may be considered as an adjunct therapy in reduced risk, and progression and used in combination with standard medicine for the treatment of skin cancer.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice by Zeinab RA1, Mroueh M, Diab-Assaf M, Jurjus A, Wex B, Sakr A, Daher CF(PubMed)
(2) Wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer by Shebaby WN1, Mroueh MA2, Boukamp P3,4, Taleb RI1, Bodman-Smith K5, El-Sibai M1, Daher CF(PubMed)
(3) β-2-himachalen-6-ol protects against skin cancer development in vitro and in vivo by Daaboul HE1, Daher CF2, Taleb RI2, Boulos J2, Bodman-Smith K1, Boukamp P3,4, Shebaby WN2, Dagher C5, El-Sibai M2, Mroueh MA(PubMed)
Carrots may have a profound and substantial effect in reducing the risk, progression, and treatment of skin cancer, some scientists suggested.
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in skin tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may infect other healthy tissue and organ a distance away from the original site.
Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spice of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.
In the investigation of essential oil isolated from wild carrot umbels effect in mice induced skin cancer through injection of 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA), after 20 weeks of administered to animals via gavage (0.02 mL of 100% oil), intraperitoneal (0.3 mL of 2% oil), and topical (0.2 mL of 5, 50, and 100% oil) with half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50, researchers showed that topical administration of 100% mice group exerted in delay skin cancer appearance and inhibited tumor incidence of 89%.
With a concentration of IC40, topical 50% and 5% treatment inhibited tumor incidence by 83% and 36%, respectively.
Topical ingestion of 100, 50, and 5% oil, also revealed a significant decrease of tumor volume by 99, 91, and 70%, respectively.
Intraperitoneally, treatment mice displayed an inhibited tumor by 43%, and decreased tumor volume by 85%, whereas gavage treatment showed minimal effects on both.
These results suggested that intraperitoneal and topical treatment of wild carrot essential oil decreased infiltration and proliferation with an increase in abnormal thickening of the outer layer of the skin.
Further analysis of the wild carrot essential oil anti-cancer effect on human epidermal keratinocytes and the chemopreventive activity of the pentane diethyl ether fraction on DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice, scientists in the joint study led by the Lebanese American University suggested that application of all fractions isolated from the essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with HaCaT cells being 2.4-3 times less sensitive than HaCaT-ras A5 (benign tumorigenic), and HaCaT-ras II4 (malignant) cells observed by western blot.
In Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 2-himacharlen-6-ol. a derivative isolated from pentane/diethylether fraction (F2), demonstrated strong inhibition of HaCaT-ras A5 and HaCaT-ras II4 cells through cell cycle arrest in the accumulation of cells of the sub-G1 apoptotic phase and apoptosis in decreased the population of cells in the S and G2/M phases.
The results were attributed to the F2 fraction in enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) in induction cellular apoptosis and attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) proteins in promoted cancer proliferation.
Interestingly, all fractions also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, (AKT is an essential component of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway) in monitoring skin cancer cell growth and resistance to apoptosis and ERK(components of mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways) in mediated different anti-proliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence.
Based on the information found, Dr. Shebaby WN, the lead author said, " F2 fraction has a remarkable antitumor activity against DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, an effect that may be mediated through inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways".
The above differentiation was supported by the joint study led by the University of Surrey in the evaluation of Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) activity in the inhibition of HaCaT-ras II-4 epidermal squamous cells.
According to the experiment, β-2-himachalen-6-ol isolated from the wild carrot essential oil at dose-dependent decreased in skin cell survival with an IC50 and IC90 of 8 and 30 μg/ml, respectively.
Observation of Flow cytometry analysis also revealed that treatment by β-2-himachalen-6-ol is linearly associated with volume injection, as the dose of 10 μg/ml HC significantly increased the number of cells undergoing late apoptosis (28%), while 25 μg/ml caused a larger cell shift towards late apoptosis (46.6%) and necrosis (39%).
Besides decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT, and ERK as shown in the mentioned above, β-2-himachalen-6-ol also inhibited the significant decrease in protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in acting as tumors suppressor, caused by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/ 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and increased p21 and Bax function in cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis.
Astonishingly, the application of essential oil extract from wild carrot inhibited skin cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis withing harming the nearby healthy cells in tested mice.
Taken together, the essential oil of carrot and its bioactive derivative may be considered as an adjunct therapy in reduced risk, and progression and used in combination with standard medicine for the treatment of skin cancer.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice by Zeinab RA1, Mroueh M, Diab-Assaf M, Jurjus A, Wex B, Sakr A, Daher CF(PubMed)
(2) Wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer by Shebaby WN1, Mroueh MA2, Boukamp P3,4, Taleb RI1, Bodman-Smith K5, El-Sibai M1, Daher CF(PubMed)
(3) β-2-himachalen-6-ol protects against skin cancer development in vitro and in vivo by Daaboul HE1, Daher CF2, Taleb RI2, Boulos J2, Bodman-Smith K1, Boukamp P3,4, Shebaby WN2, Dagher C5, El-Sibai M2, Mroueh MA(PubMed)
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)