Papaya, the Pharmacological Target Anti Diabetes Functional Food

By Kyle J. Norton

Papaya may be the next potential target of pharmacological companies to identify the ingredients for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, some scientists suggested.

Diabetes is a chronic and low-grade inflammatory disease caused the insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to neutralize the levels of glucose due to insulin resistance.

There are many causes that facilitate the insufficient levels of insulin produced by the body.

Some researchers suggested it is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. and in some cases, insulin resistance is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Is diabetes a low-grade inflammatory disease, Dr. Yansong ZHENG, in the answer of the above question said, " Chemicals from the fat cells could lead to inflammatory response and the levels of certain inflammatory chemicals are often higher in people with T2D compared to people without diabetes as well. Inflammatory responses contribute to the development of T2D and some even insinuated that T2D is actually inflammatory disease".

Moreover, in this review of the interconnection between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory cytokines cause insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver by inhibiting insulin signal transduction., Dr. Carl de Luca, the lead author at the University of California, wrote, "The sources of cytokines in insulin-resistant states are the insulin target tissue themselves, primarily fat and liver, but to a larger extent the activated tissue-resident macrophages" 

"While the initiating factors of this inflammatory response remain to be fully determined, chronic inflammation in these tissues could cause localized insulin resistance via autocrine/paracrine cytokine signaling and systemic insulin resistance via endocrine cytokine signaling all of which contribute to the abnormal metabolic state.

These results indicated a strong relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation and diabetes caused by immune mistakenly targets the tissues of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver in the initiation of insulin resistance, the major cause of diabetes onset.

Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belongs to the family Caricaceae and native to the tropics of the Americas, and was first cultivated in Mexico and several centuries

Chemical constituents of papaya include
Alkaloids, Cardenolides, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Benzyl glucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone, etc.

In the reaffirming of the use of unripe pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) fruit for the management or treatment of diabetes mellitus in folklore medicine.,researchers launched an investigation to examine the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extract of different parts of unripe pawpaw fruit on key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro.

All the extracts from papaya exerted a strong effect in the inhibition of α-amylase (IC50=0.87-1.11 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50=1.76-2.64 mg/mL) and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation (IC50=1.99-2.42 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. 

The combination of the flesh, seed, and peel in equal amounts had the highest inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities compared to extract treated rats.

Dr.Oboh G, after taking into account co and confounders, said, "Strong inhibitory activities of the unripe pawpaw fruit against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas could be part of the mechanism by which unripe pawpaw is used in the management/prevention of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine".

Furthermore, in the study involving diabetes induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) followed by the administered aqueous extract of C. papaya in three different doses (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g/100 mL) as drinking water to both diabetic and non-diabetic animals during 4 weeks.

After examining the blood samples collected from the treatment group compared to the nondiabetic group, the researcher found that
 * The aqueous extract of Carica papaya (0.75 g and 1.5 g/100 mL) significantly decreased blood glucose levels (p<0.05) in diabetic rats.

* Low plasma insulin levels did not change after treatment in diabetic rats, but they significantly increased in non-diabetic animals.

* Pancreatic islet cells were normal in non-diabetic treated animals, whereas in diabetic treated rats, C. papaya could help islet regeneration manifested as the preservation of cell size.

* In the liver of diabetic treated rats, C. papaya prevented hepatocyte disruption, as well as accumulation of glycogen and lipids.

* An antioxidant effect of C. papaya extract was also detected in diabetic rats.

Dr. Juárez-Rojop IE, the lead authors said, "aqueous extract of C. papaya exerted a hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect; it also improved the lipid profile in diabetic rats. In addition, the leaf extract positively affected integrity and function of both liver and pancreas"

These results suggested that the aqueous extract of Carica papaya exerts a significant inhibitory effect in diabetes rat through mechanisms involving many aspects.

A short-term study by the University of Mauritius, also found that supplementation of a fermented papaya also exhibited the antihyperglycemic effect in the management of diabetes and for those at risk for cardiovascular disease, neurological disease and other conditions worsened by overt inflammation and oxidative stress.

Taken all together, papaya may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy for treatment of diabetes through its antihyperglycemic activity without inducing any adverse effects

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya). by Oboh G, Olabiyi AA, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO. (PubMed)
(2) Hypoglycemic effect of Carica papaya leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Juárez-Rojop IE1, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Ble-Castillo JL, Miranda-Osorio PH, Castell-Rodríguez AE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Aguilar-Mariscal H, Ramón-Frías T, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY. (PubMed)
(3) Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammation Diseases: Cohort Study in Chinese Adults by Yansong ZHENG,1 Guilan ZHANG,2 Zhilai CHEN,1 and Qiang ZENG. (PMC)

Piperine Plus Curcumin, the Anti Cognitive Impairment Bioactive Compounds

By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemical piperine may be the next therapeutic ingredient for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment, some scientists suggested.

Cognition is the process of the brain including the attention of working memory, producing and comprehending language, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision making.

Cognitive impairment is the condition, affecting a person's thinking, communication, understanding or memory. Cognitive impairment can be acute or chronic.

Acute cognitive impairment is a short-term health problem caused by delirium, an acutely disturbed state of mind due to drugs (toxicity and withdrawal), electrolyte disturbance, lack of drugs, liver disease, infection, reduced sensory input, intracranial urinary retention/fecal impaction or m Myocardial/metabolic/pulmonary.

Chronic cognitive impairment is a permanent medical condition associated with problems of language, ideomotor and constructive praxis, visual gnosis, spatial attention, learning abilities, and executive functions.

There is no single cause of cognitive impairment. Some researchers suggested that depending on the locations of the brain that were affected, patients may be at risk of Alzheimer's disease if the brain change is caused by the abnormal clumps of beta-amyloid protein (plaques) and microscopic protein clumps of tau,  Lewy bodies, if the change is a result of microscopic clumps of another protein associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and some cases of Alzheimer's disease.

Small strokes or reduced blood flow through brain blood vessels can also cause chronic cognitive impairment.

According to the observation of the patient MRI, patients brain with cognitive impairment also showed shrinkage of the hippocampus, a brain region important for memory, enlargement of the brain's fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) and reduced use of glucose, the sugar that's the primary source of energy for cells.

Risk factors associated with the onset of chronic cognitive impairment include the increase in age, genetic preposition, certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood cholesterol, and pressure, being obese and lack of exercise.

According to the joint study led by the Health Innovations Research Institute, obesity is also one of the major risk factors of cognitive impairment in the Western world.

Dr. Jason C. D. Nguyen, the lead author in the team wrote in the final report, "The incidence of obesity in middle age is increasing markedly, and in parallel, the prevalence of metabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes is also rising. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both obesity and metabolic disorders are associated with poorer cognitive performance, cognitive decline, and dementia".

Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.

On finding natural ingredients for the prevention of cognitive impairment caused by oxidative damage in the brain neurons, researchers at the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences examine the cognition protective effects of piperine co-administration with curcumin.

Cognitive impairment and oxidative stress mice induced by chronic stress (CS) were selected to the study.

Before administration of piperine + curcumin, chronic stress mice showed a significantly impaired memory performance (delayed latency time to reach the platform) and decreased locomotor activity along with sucrose consumption.

Furthermore, without infection of piperine + curcumin, the tested mice also demonstrated a significant impairment in oxidative parameters observed by the elevated malondialdehyde, nitrite concentration and decreased reduced glutathione, catalase levels) and reduced hydrolytic metabolism in transmitting information between neurons.

Application of piperine + curcumin restored all parameters induced by chronic stress, including the normalized the cognitive function, improved the antioxidant status against overexpression of free radicals. 

Most importantly, co-administration of piperine (20mg/kg; p.o.) with curcumin (100 and 200mg/kg, p.o.) significantly elevated the cognitive protective effect compared to individual use.

Dr. Rinwa P, the lead scientist said in the final report, "piperine enhanced the bioavailability of curcumin and potentiated its protective effects against CUS induced cognitive impairment and associated oxidative damage in mice".

In order to reconfirm the co-administration of piperine with curcumin the neuroprotective effects, researchers elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of curcumin and its co-administration with piperine against olfactory bulbectomy induced depression in rats.

Before injecting piperine + curcumin, tested rat showed depression-like symptoms as evidenced by increased immobility time in FST, hyperactivity in open field arena, and anhedonic like response in SPT along with alterations in mitochondrial enzyme complexes, increased serum corticosterone levels and oxidative damage similar to those of the previous study.

The overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteins associated with the neuron apoptosis and oxidative stress in tested rat caused by olfactory bulbectomy were also inhibited by the co-administration of piperine with curcumin.

The in-depth analysis suggested that the combination of piperine plus curcumin treatment significantly and dose-dependently restored all behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial, molecular and histopathological alterations associated with OBX induced depression.

Dr. Rinwa P said, "curcumin along with piperine exhibits neuroprotection against olfactory bulbectomy induced depression possibly by modulating oxidative-nitrosative stress-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis".

Taken altogether, the discovery strongly supports the use of piperine and curcumin for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment, pending to the reconfirmation of larger sample size and multicenter possibility.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) iperine potentiates the protective effects of curcumin against chronic unpredictable stress-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in mice by Rinwa P, Kumar A.(PubMed)
(2) Suppression of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic signaling cascade by curcumin alone and in combination with piperine in rat model of olfactory bulbectomy induced depression by Rinwa P, Kumar A, Garg S.(PubMed)
(3) Protective effect of curcumin and its combination with piperine(bioavailability enhancer) against haloperidol-associated neurotoxicity: cellular and neurochemical evidence by Bishnoi M, Chopra K, Rongzhu L, Kulkarni SK.(PubMed)
(4) Obesity and cognitive decline: role of inflammation and vascular changes by Jason C. D. Nguyen,1 A. Simon Killcross,2 and Trisha A. Jenkins. (PMC)

Allicin, the Potent and Powerful Anti Cognitive Decline Phytochemical

By Kyle J. Norton

Allicin, a bioactive and organosulfur compound may have a profound effect in improving the cognitive function in elderly, some scientists suggested.

Cognitive activity is a long-term process of reasoning, memory, attention, and language and information accumulated that lead to knowledge.

In elderly, the causes of cognitive dysfunction are associated with a set of factors, including medication side effects, metabolic and/or endocrine derangements due to aging, delirium due to intercurrent illness, depression, and dementia.

Dr. Ian M. Deutchki, MD University of Rochester, in the article What’s causing my older patient’s cognitive decline? wrote, "n primary care settings, when patients complain of memory loss, there is a 20% to 30% chance they will be found to have a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or some level of dementia" and "Remote memory, semantic memory (factual information), and procedural memory (knowledge of skills and procedures) tend to remain intact with aging.4 Short-term memory (simple maintenance of information over a short period of time) shows little change with aging. However, working memory, which requires the manipulation of in decline".

Some researchers suggested besides the correlated factors of aging in the risk of cognitive decline, a healthy diet, and lifestyle accompanied by physical inactivity also some of the risk factors which have a significant effect in the contribution of cognitive decline.

Dr. P.J. Smith, the lead author at the Duke University Medical Center, in the concerns of cognitive decline, an increasingly important public health problem, with more than 100 million adults worldwide is associated change of lifestyle said, "lifestyle factors including dietary patterns, may be important in the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in later life" and "antioxidants, fatty acids, and B vitamins are associated with better cognitive functioning"

This conclusion suggested that by following a healthy diet pattern, lifestyle and moderate exercise before the onset of the syndrome is one of the best methods in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases in the later life.

In elderly with the cognitive decline, Dr. María Alicia Camina suggested malnutrition is a highly prevalent geriatric syndrome in the elderly with dementia, especially in institutionalized patients and in subjects in advanced stages of the illness.

Therefore by changing the pattern of diet that target of malnutrition in the elderly, through nutritional screening and a complete nutritional assessment, the progression of cognitive decline in the elderly can be slow down.

Allicin is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.

Dr. Li XH, the lead scientist in the research program at the Medicine of Jishou University in the reaffirming the effect of allicin in the learning and memory abilities in the course of normal aging cognitive abilities associated with the Nrf2 expression in the decline with aging launched an investigation to assess the effects of allicin on endogenous antioxidant defenses in hippocampus of cognitively impaired aged mouse.

The organosulfur compounds, allicin activated Nrf2 during the application process by donating an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction through its electrophil·ic effect.

Treatment of allicin significantly through the expression of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways ameliorated aging-induced cognitive dysfunction in the tested aged mouse.

The Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways are master mediators of antioxidant and detoxification responses and regulators of the cellular redox state that protects us from pathologies that are caused or exacerbated by oxidative stress in the induction of aging-related diseases, including cognitive decline.

Furthermore, the antioxidant also plays an important role in metabolic regulation and its interaction with central signaling systems that respond to nutritional inputs. These results have a strong impact in the theory associated with malnutritional effects that cause the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease in the elderly.

At the final report of the experiment, the researchers wrote, "allicin could be recommended as a possible candidate for the prevention and therapy of cognitive deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease".

In the further differentiation of the oxidative modification of DNA, proteins, and lipids associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the initiation of aging and disease, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases and cancer, researchers showed 

* Extracts of aged garlic extract (AGE) contain antioxidant phytochemical allicin exerts a protective activity against oxidant damage.

* Up to 20 months garlic aged extract, creates antioxidant properties that inhibit the unstable free radicals with antioxidant activity, such as allicin, that lead to a stable and highly bioavailable water-soluble organosulfur compounds.

* Allicin and other compound found in AGE inhibited the overexpression of ROS by enhancing the cellular antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and increasing glutathione in the cells.

* The chemical ingredients of the AGE also inhibits lipid peroxidation by reducing ischemic/reperfusion damage and inhibiting oxidative modification of LDL, thus protecting endothelial cells from the injury by the oxidized molecules, which contributes to atherosclerosis. 

More importantly, Allicin and compounds in the AGE showed the ability to protect against oxidant-induced disease, acute damage from aging, radiation and chemical exposure, and long-term toxic damage.

Taken altogether, Allicin, the major bioactive compound found in garlic and onion may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention of cognitive decline and an adjunct therapy with conventional medicine to delay the progression of neurodegenerative diseases in elderly.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Cognition (Wikipedia)
(2) Allicin ameliorates cognitive deficits aging-induced learning and memory deficits through enhancing Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways by Li XH, Li CY, Lu JM, Tian RB, Wei J.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract by Borek C.(PubMed)
(4) What’s causing my older patient’s cognitive decline? by Dr. Ian M. Deutchki, MD University of Rochester,(the Journal of Family Practice)
(5) Dietary Factors and Cognitive Decline by P.J. Smith and J.A. Blumenthal. (PMC)
(6) Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline by Dr. María Alicia Camina

Phytochemical Polysulfides, The Potent Anti Breast Cancer Bioactive Supplement

By Kyle J. Norton

Polysulfide, a bioactive and organic phytochemical found most in garlic and onion may have a strong effect in reducing risk and treatment of breast cancer, some studies found.

Breast cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the breast tissue. At the early stage, most breast cancer starts in the cell with alternated DNA of the surface the breast inner linings.

At the advanced stage, the breast cancer cell can travel a distance away from the original site to affect other healthy tissue and organs through the circulation of lymph and blood.

The exact causes of the alternation of breast cells DNA are unknown. However, researchers do know that genetic preposition of gene BRCA 1 and 2 are one of the major risk factors which are associated with 8% on all breast cancer onset.

Unfortunately, women who carry the mutated genes BRCA 1 and 2 have a 60% increased risk of breast cancer.

Dr. Angèle S and colleagues in the examining gene implication in the risk breast cancer wrote, "Loss of heterozygosity in the region of the ATM gene on chromosome 11, has been found in about 40% of sporadic breast tumors. However, screening for ATM mutations in sporadic breast cancer cases, showing or not adverse effects to radiotherapy, has not revealed the magnitude of involvement of the ATM gene expected".

Furthermore, in the concerns of the unprecedented rise in obesity, and the health impact in elevated the risk of chronic diseases, researchers at the joint study led by the Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center launched an investigation of "Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome".

The results were published in the medical literature online of the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.

At the final report, researchers wrote, "Obesity is associated both with a higher risk of developing breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women and with worse disease outcome for women of all ages." and "increased physical activity is associated with lower breast cancer risk and better outcomes. The effects of recent lifestyle interventions to decrease sex steroids, insulin/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 pathway activation, and inflammatory biomarkers associated with worse breast cancer outcomes".

According to the statistic, in 2014, worldwide, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight (body mass index [BMI], 25‐29.9 kg/m2), and of these, over 600 million were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).

These result suggested, by following a healthy diet that has a strong activity in promoting weight loss and lifestyle with moderate exercise are the best method to decrease the risk of breast cancer.

Early diagnosis with self-examination also reduced the risk of breast cancer onset and increasing the rate of  survival,

The 5 years survival rate of the early stage of breast cancer is 100%.

Polysulfides are phytochemicals in a class of chemical compounds containing chains of sulfur atoms, belonging to the group ofOrganosulfides found abundantly in the oxidized product, including beer, wine, whiskey, garlic oil, etc.

In the study to reaffirm the effects of organosulfur compounds (OSCs), naturally found in Allium vegetables, in suppressing the proliferation of various tumor cells, researchers at the Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire et Biochimie Pharmacologique conducted an experiment to find the specific molecular mechanisms involved in OSC.

Polysulfides isolated from the organosulfur compounds demonstrated a significant and breast cancer antiproliferation.
The phytochemical also exerted an inhibitory activity through cell cycle arrest by targeting the cell division cycle (Cdc) 25 phosphatases which are crucial enzymes of the cell cycle.

The growth of both sensitive (MCF-7) and resistant (Vcr-R) human breast carcinoma cells was significantly decreased by polysulfides.

Furthermore, in the identification of Identification of agents that are nontoxic but can delay onset and/or progression of breast cancer, by differentiating polysulfides, the garlic-derived organosulfur compounds (OSCs), a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of garlic, on growth of two cell lines respectively, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and nontumorigenic MCF-12a mammary epithelial cells.

Application of garlic constituent polysulfides suppressed the viability of cultured MCF-7 and MCF-12a cells respectively by decreasing the percent of cells in G(2)/M and inducing apoptotic cell death.

Polysulfides induced apoptosis was markedly elevated in MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-12a cells and this was correlated with elevated levels of cyclin B1, a program cell mediators.

Moreover, application of the garlic isolated compound also increased expression of apoptotic and decreased the expression of proliferative enzymes and proteins in MCF-7 cells.

The results suggested that polysulfides displayed a strong anti-breast cancer effect through apoptotic and antiproliferative pathways.

Taken altogether, polysulfides including a class of chemical compounds containing chains of sulfur atoms may be considered a functional bioactive compound for the prevention of breast cancer and an adjunct supplement combined with primary treatment for breast cancer.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antiproliferative effect of natural tetrasulfides in human breast cancercells is mediated through the inhibition of the cell division cycle 25 phosphatases by Viry E1, Anwar A, Kirsch G, Jacob C, Diederich M, Bagrel D.(PubMed)
(2) Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide induced apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells by Malki A1, El-Saadani M, Sultan AS.(PubMed)
(3) The ATM gene and breast cancer: is it really a risk factor? by Angèle S1, Hall J.(PubMed)
(4)  Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome: Mechanistic insights and strategies for intervention by Manuel Picon‐Ruiz, PhD, 1 Cynthia Morata‐Tarifa, PhD, 2 Janeiro J. Valle‐Goffin, MD, 3Eitan R. Friedman, MD, 4 and Joyce M. Slingerland, MD, PhD. (PMC)

Phytochemical Dithiolthiones Protect the Liver Against Liver Toxicity

By Kyle J. Norton

Dithiolthiones, a bioactive plant-based compound found in many vegetables may have a strong implication in reducing the risk and treatment of liver diseases, some studies suggested.

Liver protection is an action, including the use of substances to protect the liver function against damage or injury.

There are many causes of liver diseases associated with a variety of factors including; viruses, toxins, genetics, alcohol, and unknown causes.

However, one the major cause of the liver diseases are toxins accumulation. Infectious viral hepatitis can produce toxins to protect them against the expression of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host body and prevent the attack of the systematic immune response.

And, long-term excessive alcohol drinking is generally known to cause the onset of alcoholic liver disease, the very early stage of liver cancer.

A study in the Brazil population to differentiation of the risk of liver diseases in a total of 57,380 DALYs (30.3 per 100,000 inhabitants) attributable to chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, with 41,262 DALYs in men showed, "Chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are responsible for a significant burden in Brazil, affecting mainly men and individuals still in their productive years. The most burden is related to non-viral causes of cirrhosis, with a major contribution of alcohol".

Where disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD).

Liver toxins accumulated over the years of unhealthy diet with much in saturated and trans fat, red meat and processed foods and fewer in fruits and vegetables.

Dr. Mirmiran P, in the reaffirm the general belief, unhealthy diet plays a key role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) said, "Intakes of red meat, fats, and sweets were high whereas consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables were less in NAFLD patients. Moreover, there was a positive association between the Western dietary pattern and the risk of NAFLD, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with the severity of hepatic steatosis".

These results suggested that by changing the diet pattern by increasing intake more in fruits and vegetable and whole grain and reducing intake of the saturated and trans fat, red meat and processed foods accompanied by a healthy lifestyle, risk of liver diseases are decreased substantially.

Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.

The effect of drug anisyldithiolthione (ADT) was attributed to its major compound dithiolthiones, therefore application dithiolthiones directly may have the similar effect as of the drug anisyldithiolthione (ADT).

* Dithiolthiones inhibited the lipid peroxidation induced in rat liver microsomes either chemically by FeSO4 and reducing agents (cysteine or ascorbate)

* Dithiolthiones m also has a potency similar to those of propyl gallate and toxicity caused by the ethane exhalation by rats treated by CCI4 (ID50 approximately 5mg per kg).

The result suggested dithiolthiones exerted a potency in protecting the liver against toxic chemical injection and lipid peroxidation.

Futhermore, anisydithiolthione (ADT), when given orally 1 hour prior to acetaminophen (AAP) (450 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in Swiss female mice, also exhibited an hepatoprotective potency at doses as low as 10 mg/kg relative to serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic glutathione-related enzyme system (glutathione reductase, peroxidase, transferase).

These results indicated, dithiolthiones also protect the liver oxidative stress through stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes in the tested mice.

Taken altogether, dithiolthiones may be considered a functional supplement for the protection of liver against substance and pathogens that cause liver diseases and an adjunct therapy combined with conventional medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) A new potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo, the hepatoprotective drug anisyldithiolthione by Mansuy D, Sassi A, Dansette PM, Plat M.(PubMed)
(2) Protective effect of anethol dithiolthione against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by Warnet JM1, Christen MO, Thevenin M, Biard D, Jacqueson A, Claude JR.(PubMed).
(3) Relationship between Diet and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review Article by Mirmiran P1, Amirhamidi Z1, Ejtahed HS1, Bahadoran Z1, Azizi F. (PubMed)
(4) Burden of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis in Brazil - the Brazilian Global Burden of Disease Study by de Carvalho JR1, Villela-Nogueira CA2, Perez RM3, Portugal FB4, Flor LS5, Campos MR5, Schramm JMA. (PubMed)

How to Normalize Your Blood Cholesterol with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have a functional herb in reducing risk and treatment of abnormal blood cholesterol in the bloodstream with no side effects, some studies suggested.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in all cells in our body.

The waxy substance produced by the liver and or intake from the dietary sources plays a critical role in the production of sex hormone, the building block for the tissue and assistance of bile production in the liver for digestion.

There are 2 main types of cholesterol;
* The good cholesterol or high-density lipoproteins (HDL) which process the unique function in the transportation of cholesterol from the cells and tissue back to the liver. The good cholesterol also inhibits bad cholesterol over-accumulated in the cells.

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* The Bad cholesterol or low-density lipoproteins (LDL) which process the function to deliver cholesterol to cells to build membranes, to the synthesis of steroid hormones.

An unhealthy diet with high in saturated and trans fats, red meat, processed foods and less in fruits and vegetables and lifestyle can cause high levels of LDL, leading to the development of serious health problems including clogged arteries, heart disease, and stroke.

In "YOUR GUIDE TO Lowering Your Cholesterol With TLC" published by the US. Department of   Health and Human Services, the author wrote, "Studies have proven that lowering LDL can prevent heart attacks and reduce deaths from heart disease in both men and women". and  "It can slow, stop, or even reverse the buildup of plaque. It also can lower the cholesterol content in unstable plaques, making them more stable and less likely to burst and cause a heart attack. Lowering LDL is especially important for those who already have heart disease or have had a heart attack—it will reduce the risk of another heart attack and can actually prolong life. The level to which your LDL must be lowered depends on the risk for heart disease or having a heart attack that you are found to have at the start of treatment".

These result suggested that by following a healthy diet pattern and lifestyle high levels of bad cholesterol can be reversed regardless of other factors.

Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae, It has been cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding.

The leaves, sprouts, and seeds to make medicine has been used in traditional medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive system, bleeding disorder, kidney, and urinary tract infection, etc.

North America aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making bread and mush.

In the study of Fifteen patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), types IIA (n = 8), IIB (n = 3) and IV (n = 4) given 40 g of heat prepared alfalfa seeds 3 times daily at mealtimes for 8 weeks with otherwise unchanged diet, researchers found that

* In patients with type II HLP alfalfa treatment caused after 8 weeks a maximal lowering of pretreatment median values of total plasma cholesterol from 9.58 to 8.00 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from 7.69 to 6.33 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), which corresponds to decreases of 17% and 18%, respectively.

* Maximal decrease in these patients was 26% in total cholesterol and 30% in LDL cholesterol.

* Apolipoprotein B decreased in the same period from 2.17 to 1.43 g/l (P less than 0.05) in type II HLP, corresponding to 34% decrease, whereas apolipoprotein A-I did not change.

These results suggested alfalfa seeds can be added to the diet to help normalize serum cholesterol concentrations in patients with type II HLP.

Furthermore, in the evaluation of the effect of an aqueous alfalfa extract (AAE) on production, performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens between 28 and 36 weeks of age randomly assigned to Four groups, fed with diets containing 0, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% AAE, researchers showed that 

* In relation to the control group, cholesterol and triglycerides in yolk, liver, and serum and serum very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in 0.15% AAE-treated birds at day 42 and day 56.

* It also significantly decreased activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which has the function in regulating fatty acid synthesis and degradation,  β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA)  reductase which has a function in controlling the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) at day 56.

These results indicated dietary AAE could be applied to improve eggshell quality and modify the lipid status of laying hens and eggs.

Interestingly,  Dr. Yu CH, the lead author, in the study "[Study on the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Medicago sativa and their hypolipidemic activity]" to isolated some chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Medicago sativa suggested the 2 new compounds soysaponin I (I), azukisaponin V (II) also process antihyperlipidemic activity..

Taken altogether, Herbal Alfalfa may be considered a function herb for the prevention and treatment of high blood cholesterol.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Alfalfa seeds lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. by Mölgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG. (PubMed)
(2) [Study on the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Medicago sativa and their hypolipidemic activity].[Article in Chinese] by Yu CH, Liang DL, Guo JN, Mei QX, Yang DP. (PubMed)
(3) Effects of an aqueous alfalfa extract on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens by Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Xie TH, Zhang Q.(PubMed)

Herbal Arnica, A Remedy Which Processes Anti-inflammatory Activity

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have a herbal medicine which may reduce risk and treat diseases associated with inflammation, some studies suggested.

Inflammation is a natural defense that protects our body against the invasion of foreign stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens.

In the body tissue damage caused by physical impact or other sources, macrophages, the immune first ile of defense, stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines to the site with an aim to protect our body by destroying possible bacteria or virus invasion.

However, in most cases, a prolonged period of overproduction of inflammatory cytokines can cause damage and death of the healthy cells leading to tissue damage and the formation of abnormal scars after healing. The liver scar is one of the examples.

Some cytokines process such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) a duo function of pro and anti-inflammatory activity. Under normal condition, the protein produces anti-inflammatory cytokines against substances that cause inflammation such as oxidative stress, however, in sensing of the bodily injury and damage, these proteins switch to produce proinflammatory cytokines.

Chronic inflammation is inflammation that lasts more than 3 months, occurred when the immune systematic response cannot destroy all pathogens in the acute phase of infection.

Chronic inflammation also can be caused by an autoimmune disorder in which the immune white blood cells mistakenly attack the body localized tissue, such as cancers and rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms associated with acute inflammation are depending on the location of the inflammation. including pain, swelling, redness, and heat.

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia.

The herb has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful ... from our body.

The ingredients
Beside containing helenalin as it main ingredient used as an anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative, etc.

In the study to reaffirm the traditional claim that herbal Arnica montana, in topical formulations process anti-inflammatory activity, researchers at the Pontificia Universidade Católica de Brasília, launched an investigation determine whether Arnica montana 6cH decreases acute and chronic inflammation in animal models.

In the acute, model, carrageenin-induced rat paw edema, the group treated with Arnica montana 6cH showed 30% inflammatory inhibition compared to control.

However, Treatment with Arnica 6cH, 30 min prior to carrageenin, did not produce any inhibition of the inflammatory process.

In the chronic model, Nystatin-induced edema, Arnica montana 6cH treatment after 3 days of injection of Nystatin, exerts a significantly reduced inflammation 6 h after the last dose of the inflammatory agent was applied compared to insignificant result when treatment was given 6 h after Nystatin treatment.

In a model based on the histamine-induced increase of vascular permeability, pretreatment with Arnica montana 6cH blocked the action of histamine in increasing vascular permeability.

These results suggested that Arnica montana 6cH induce the anti-inflammatory effects in a dose and time-dependent manner.

Additionally, in the study to compare two types of gels and microemulsions used to dissolve, release, and induce the permeation of helenalin, a flavonoid responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of arnica Montana extract, and aloin, an anthrone-C-glucosyls with antibacterial activity present in aloe vera extract, researchers found that microemulsion can be a good vehicle to increase the permeation of helenalin, while the gel formulation, containing Sepigel 305, proved able to reduce the release and permeation of aloin, with a consequent activity limited to the surface of application, without any permeation. in a modified Franz cell and a porcine skin membrane.

These results suggested Arnica montana gel may be a good choice in reduced skin inflammation if it is used combined with a microemulsion, which processes the function in increasing the permeation of helenalin.


Taken all together, Herbal Arnica may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with primary medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica montana 6cH: preclinical study in animals by Macêdo SB, Ferreira LR, Perazzo FF, Carvalho JC. (PubMed)
(3) Effect of vehicles on topical application of aloe vera and arnica Montana components by Bergamante V, Ceschel GC, Marazzita S, Ronchi C, Fini A.(PubMed)