Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan.
The herb has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc.
It is also one of many popular herbs studied in scientific ways with some conflicting results.
The Ingredients
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.
1. Acne Vulgaris
There are many types of skin diseases in this world, the most common one is acne.
Most people know acne is caused by dirt in oily skin pores, but little is known that acne is also caused by the system of toxins in the body.
If our liver and kidney can not cleanse all toxins in the body, then our skin become the third source for cleansing the remainder of toxins.
Ance vulgaris, one of the skin diseases with areas of scaly red skin with seborrhea, blackheads, and whiteheads.
Aloe vera one of many herbs has been studied and researched in the pharmaceutical world, because of the common problem to the young ages and commercial profits.
The study to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of tretinoin (TR) cream (0.05%) and Aloe vera topical gel (50%) with TR and vehicle, has been well tolerated and significantly more effective than TR and vehicle for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and with less side effects.
Other researchers in the observation of traditional medicines of many cultures used to treat skin diseases, indicated that certain ingredients, including aloe vera, have been identified in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis,
2. Skin diseases
Skin diseases are defined as a condition of skin damage and classified according to each pathogenic causes of diseases.
In the systematic review of Aloe vera's clinical effectiveness, topical application of aloe vera is not an effective preventative for radiation-induced skin injuries, but might be effective for genital herpes and psoriasis.
In support to the above, the study by Feily A, Namazi MR. indicated that topical application of aloe vera is not effective in sunburn or suntan protection, but might be effective in treating genital herpes, psoriasis, human papillomavirus, seborrheic dermatitis, aphthous stomatitis, xerosis, lichen planus, frostbite, burn, wound healing and inflammation.
3. Aloe vera and Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is defined as a condition, if a patient is diagnosed with abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits at least three times a month for the last 3 months without preexistence of other diseases.
Aloe vera (AV) has long been suggested by herbal medicine in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms.
In the comparison of the effectiveness of a mixture of Aloe vera (AV) and Matricaria recutita (German chamomile, GC) in treating Irritable bowel syndrome, GC inhibited only small bowel transit while the AV/GC mixture delayed gastric emptying at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. The AV/GC mixture also reduced colonic transit and small bowel transit at the dose of 150 mg/kg.
In other randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of to test the effects of aloe vera for irritable bowel syndrome, researchers found that there is no evidence that AV benefits patients with IBS and superior to placebo in improving quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients.
But in 49 completed the protocol to 1 month and 41 to 3 months studies, aloe vera (AV) is effective in eleven of thirty-one (35%) AV patients and 6 of 27 (22%) placebo patients responded at 1 month (p = 0.763).
Diarrhoea-predominant patients showed a trend towards a response to treatment at 1 month (10/23 V 2/14, p = 0.07).
4. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic condition of inflammatory skin disease, affecting the joints and mostly happens to people who are obese are predisposed to diabetes and heart disease.
Many herbal extracts have been used as topical management of plaque psoriasis, including Aloe vera based on multiple studies.
Aloe vera gel is used in alternative medicine over the century for the treatment of skin diseases, including psoriasis.
And a recent study showed that ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf gel also produced a significant increase in relative epidermal thickness and an overall antipsoriatic activity of high effective rate.
In the comparison of comparison to evaluate the efficacy of topical aloe vera (AV) and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis, AV cream may be more effective than 0.1% TA cream in reducing the clinical symptoms of psoriasis.
Unfortunately, in diverse dermatologic conditions, even though there are some promising results with the use of aloe vera, but the clinical effectiveness of oral and topical aloe vera may require further studies, according to the study of Dr. Feily A, and Dr. Namazi MR.
5. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is defined as a condition of Inflammation of Gum Diseases.
Aloe Vera anti-inflammatory property may be the result of the plant used in the treatment of gum diseases.
In the study of 45 patients diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis were included, aloe mouthwash is proven to be the most potential in a reduction of gingival inflammation caused by plagues.
In the randomized, controlled, and double-blind study, a total of 148 systemically healthy subjects, showed a statistically significant decrease in PI, MGI, and BI scores after the rinse regimen began in comparison with the use of chlorhexidine.
But Dr. de Oliveira SM and the research team in comparison of Aloe vera and fluoridated dentifrice found that there was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in both groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them (p>0.01).
Aloe vera did not show any additional effect on plaque and gingivitis control compared to the fluoridated dentifrice.
6. Gastric Ulcers
Gastric ulcer is a condition of a localized tissue erosion in the lining the stomach. as a result of bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) in most cases.
Some people with gastric ulcers may be not experiencing any symptoms at all, while others may experience burning pain, severe nausea, and vomiting.
In the comparison of the effects of aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels, and gastric ulcer healing, researchers showed that aloe vera reduces leukocyte adherence and TNF-alpha level, elevate IL-10 level and promotes gastric ulcer healing.
Because of its anti-inflammatory effects, treatment of A. vera processes the enhancement in leukocyte-endothelium interaction associated with a reduction in TNF-alpha level.
In the study of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl and acid output, scientists indicated that aloe vera is endowed with gastric acid anti-secretory activity and could protect the gastric mucosa at low concentrations against injurious agents.
Other components of aloe vera, the polymer fraction (Avpf; molecular weight cut-off ≥50 kDa; 150 mg/kg body weight, p.o.), reduces 50% of the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), according to the study.
7. Wound Healing
Wound healing is the natural process of skin repair after it was damaged
In a systematic review, there is cumulative evidence support that aloe vera might be an effective intervention used in burn wound healing for first to second-degree burns as the use of aloe vera shortens the healing time.
In acute and chronic wounds, although there is an absence of high-quality clinical trial evidence to support the use of Aloe vera topical agents or Aloe vera dressings as treatments for acute and chronic wounds, but some studies found the reduction in healing time with Aloe vera was noted after haemorrhoidectomy (RR 16.33 days, 95% CI 3.46 to 77.15) and application of Aloe vera cream on the surgical site is effective in reducing postoperative pain both on resting and during defecation.
In a study of a herbal gel of Aloe vera extract containing Carbopol 93, shows a promising effect on the wound healing process.
8. Immunity
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises the body's defense system against diseases.
It does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play an important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In the study to determine the effect of the inner gel on bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, Aloe vera suppresses bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells. In the pharmacological study of Aloe arborescens Miller leaf components,
The Aloe extract (1.2 mg ml(-1)) acted as a powerful immune stimulant in LPS- or poly I:C-activated SAF-1 cells, inducing a synergic effect on interconnected genes that are expected to be involved in different aspects of the immune responses.
Aloe polymannose, a chemical compound found in Aloe Vera, also enhances the cognitive and immune functioning in patients of Alzheimer's disease by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukins-2 and-4.
9. Aloe Vera and Type II Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.
It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
As a popular herbal remedy in the United Kingdom, oral administration of aloe vera might be a useful adjunct application for lowering blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as reducing blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia.
In another study of Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, oral administration of PAG for 8 weeks was found to balance circulating blood glucose concentrations to a normal level in these DIO mice.
The herbal leaf is also found to be useful for treating diabetes. A study said A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycemic activity on type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats, in comparison with glibenclamide.
On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats.
10. Aloe Vera and Cancers
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Aloe-Emodi, a chemical compound found in Aloe vera, specifically suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms may be used as a possible application of anthraquinones in preventing or treating breast cancer in the future.
Also in another study, Aloe-Emodi is considered as a potential value for the treatment of gastric cancer and cervical cancer because of its mechanisms of inducing cell cycle interruption, differentiation.
Radiotherapy is most often used to treat head and neck cancer patients. In a study of Aloe Vera, Dr. Ahmadi A. found that oral Aloe vera mouthwash not only prevents radiation-induced mucositis but also reduces oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties.
11. Aloe Vera and Skin Aging
Aloe Vera Supplementation has long been used to promote anti-skin aging by cosmetic industrials.
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cells, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms,
The widespread od skin damage is a result of free radical inducing a set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Free radicals oxidative effects can also speed up the skin aging process.
30 healthy female subjects over the age of 45 in the study were given 2 different doses (low-dose: 1,200 mg/d, high-dose: 3,600 mg/d) of aloe vera gel supplementation for 90 days. to determine the effect of aloe gel on the clinical signs and biochemical changes of aging skin, researchers found that the facial wrinkles improve significantly (p<0.05) in both groups, and facial elasticity also improve in the lower-dose group.
In the photoprotected skin, the type I procollagen mRNA levels were increased in both groups, albeit without significance; the MMP-1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the higher-dose group.
In UVB-induced skin photoaging in vitro, aloe shoot extract (AE), which is from the four-month-old shoots of Aloe vera, have a protective effect in blocking UVB rays in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs).
As an anti-inflammatory agent, aloe vera, has been identified as beneficial in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
12. Aloe Vera and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interfere with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), male pattern hair development, acne, irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility.
The syndrome affects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
According to the study by Desai BN, Maharjan RH, Nampoothiri LP. almost 70% of PCOS women have abnormal serum lipid levels (dyslipidemia) and 50% of these women are obese.
Several classes of pharmacological agents have been used to manage dyslipidemia. However, studies have shown adverse effects associated with these drugs.
Aloe Vera may be a potential herb for treating Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by enhancing the reductions of plasma triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol or by restoring the ovarian steroid status.
According to the study of PCOS was induced in Charles Foster female rats by oral administration of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg body weight, 21 days), AVG treated PCOS rats exhibited significant reduction in plasma triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol.
The Aloe Vera gel treatment also induces reversion of abnormal estrous cyclicity, glucose intolerance, and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities, bringing them to normal.
Another study also indicated that Aloe vera gel formulation exerts a protective effect against the PCOS phenotype by restoring the ovarian steroid status and altering key steroidogenic activity.
Dr.Pérez YY and the research team in the study of the effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice also indicated that the gel decreases significantly both body weight (p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels.
Also in the confirmation of above result, the study of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models, vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats.
The effectiveness is in comparison with glibenclamide.
13. Aloe vera and breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.
There are also rare cases that breast cancer may start in other areas of the breast.
In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of women is 1/8.
Aloe-Emodin, chemical components found in Aloe-vera and other herbs such as rhubarb, have been researched for treatment of certain kinds of diseases, including cancers.
The efficacy of the components is found to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by downregulating ER α protein levels, thereby suppressing ER α transcriptional activation.
In the study of another constituent, a natural anthracycline from Aloe plant found to exhibit the cytotoxic activity against two human breast cancer cell lines; without (MCF-7) and with (SKBR-3) erbB-2-topoIIalpha amplification.
14. Aloe vera and prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is a condition in which the cells of the prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
Aloe-emodin, an anthraquinone presented in aloe latex from the aloe plant has been found to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
In prostate cancer study, the phytochemical inhibited both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells by targeting mTORC2 as mTORC2 which plays an important role in PC3 androgen-refractory prostate cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth.
15. Aloe vera and colon cancer
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.
Aloe-emodin (AE), found in Aloe vera has been suggested to have antiproliferative activity in various cancer cell lines in many studies.
In the study of colon cancer, AE appreciably induced cell death specifically through the induction of apoptosis and by activating caspases 9/6, depending on caspase-
Another study on colon cancer also showed an efficacy of AE in suppressed the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-κB, which is an important transcription factor for controlling MMP-2/9 and VEGF gene expression.
16. Aloe vera and lung cancer
Lung cancer is a condition characterized by abnormal growth of the cells in the lung's tissue.
The most common form of primary lung cancers is derived from epithelial cells.
In Us, Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, causing 158,683 people deaths, including 88,329 men and 70,354 women, according to the 2007 statistic.
Aloe-emodin has been studied extensively through the scientific community for their effects against cancer by induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma cell lines CH27 (human lung squamous carcinoma cell) and breaking of DNA strands (DNA ladders and sub-G(1) formation) and regulating of the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins (a suppressor of apoptosis).
In the study of the effects of aloe-emodin-induced cell death in the human lung nonsmall cell carcinoma cell line H460, aloe-emodin exerts a significant activity in regulating apoptotic cell death through the class of mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38).
These results suggested that aloe-emodin found in Aloe Vera may be a potential agent for preventing and treating lung cancer.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight
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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
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(5) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(6) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
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(8) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
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(35) Anti-inflammatory effects of Aloe vera on leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the gastric microcirculation of Helicobacter pylori-infected rats by Prabjone R, Thong-Ngam D, Wisedopas N, Chatsuwan T, Patumraj S.(PubMed)
(36) The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by Yusuf S, Agunu A, Diana M.(PubMed)
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Park CH, Nam DY, Son HU, Lee SR, Lee HJ, Heo JC, Cha TY, Baek JH, Lee SH.(PubMed)
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Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C.(PubMed)
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Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansari SH, Sharma RK, Kumar A, Ali J.(PubMed)
(46) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
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(50) The inner gel component of Aloe vera suppresses bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells. by Habeeb F, Stables G, Bradbury F, Nong S, Cameron P, Plevin R, Ferro VA.(PubMed)
(51) Immune modulatory effects of Aloe arborescens extract on the piscine SAF-1 cell line. by Picchietti S, Bernini C, Belardinelli MC, Ovidi E, Taddei AR, Guerra L, Abelli L, Fausto AM.(PubMed)
(52) The effect of an aloe polymannose multinutrient complex on cognitive and immune functioning in Alzheimer's disease. by Lewis JE, McDaniel HR, Agronin ME, Loewenstein DA, Riveros J, Mestre R, Martinez M, Colina N, Abreu D, Konefal J, Woolger JM, Ali KH.(PubMed)
(53) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(54) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
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(58) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of processed Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. by Kim K, Kim H, Kwon J, Lee S, Kong H, Im SA, Lee YH, Lee YR, Oh ST, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim K.(PubMed)
(59) Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models.
Okyar A, Can A, Akev N, Baktir G, Sütlüpinar N.(PubMed)
(60) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
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(65) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(66) Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. by Guo J, Xiao B, Zhang S, Liu D, Liao Y, Sun Q.(PubMed)
(67) Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. by Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH.(PubMed)
(68) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(69) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
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(71) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(72) Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. by Cho S, Lee S, Lee MJ, Lee DH, Won CH, Kim SM, Chung JH.(PubMed)
(73) A Comparative Study of Baby Immature and Adult Shoots of Aloe Veraon UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging in vitro. by Hwang E, Kim SH, Lee S, Lee CH, Do SG, Kim J, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(74) Innovations in natural ingredients and their use in skin care.
Fowler JF Jr, Woolery-Lloyd H, Waldorf H, Saini R.(PubMed)
(75) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(76) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
(77) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(78) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(79) Effect of Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation on Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model (PubMed)
(80) Effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice (PubMed)
(81) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(82) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
(83) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(84) Cytotoxicity of a natural anthraquinone (Aloin) against human breast cancer cell lines with and without ErbB-2: topoisomerase IIalpha coamplification by Esmat AY, Tomasetto C, Rio MC.(PubMed)
(85) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
(86) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(87) Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2 by Liu K, Park C, Li S, Lee KW, Liu H, He L, Soung NK, Ahn JS, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim BY, Dong Z.(PubMed)
(88) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double-blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
(89) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(90) Effect of inhibition of aloe-emodin on N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human malignant melanoma cells (A375.S2) by Lin SY, Yang JH, Hsia TC, Lee JH, Chiu TH, Wei YH, Chung JG. (PubMed)
(91) Aloe-emodin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activation of caspase-6 in human colon cancer cells by Suboj P, Babykutty S, Srinivas P, Gopala S.(PubMed)
(92) Aloe-emodin inhibits colon cancer cell migration/angiogenesis by downregulating MMP-2/9, RhoB, and VEGF via reduced DNA binding activity of NF-κB by Suboj P, Babykutty S, Valiyaparambil Gopi DR, Nair RS, Srinivas P, Gopala S.(PubMed)
(93) Effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin on cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Lee HZ, Hsu SL, Liu MC, Wu CH. (PubMed)
(94) Signaling pathway for aloe-emodin-induced apoptosis in human H460 lung nonsmall carcinoma cell. by Yeh FT, Wu CH, Lee HZ(PubMed)
