Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday, 1 February 2018

Galectins, The Lower Invertebrates' Lectins as Biomakers and Treatments of Head and Neck Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Galectin, a family of evolutionary conserved animal lectin found in lower invertebrates to mammals may have a protective and potential effect in reduced risk and treatment of head and neck cancer and acted as biomakers through their binding specificity for β-galactoside sugars activity, some scientists opinionated.

Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissue of the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands. At the later stage, the cancerous cells can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissues and organs.

According to the statistic, risk of the cancer increases with age and are most common in patients between 50 and 70 years old.

In the study of the effect of in contribution of the prevalent risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), researchers found that application of galectins express a significant effect in reduced head and neck incidence through inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death, and cell migration and in the modulation of various functions of the immune system.

Galectins's derivative galectins 1, with function as a key player in a novel stromal regulatory reaction inhibited abnormal formation and expansion of cancer through deregulation of the multiple signaling pathways and displayed a strong activity in driving immune evasion in tumor site.

Application of galectins also exerted a strong effect in inhibition of tumors cell growth and differentiation and demonstrated a strong effect in altered in some tumors with aggressive phenotype.

Interestingly, in further observation of the immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis, galectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins may have a potential to act as biologic and differentiation markers in HNSCC.

In fact, galectin-1 and galectin-3, the galectins family derivatives were found to associate closely in most HNSCC cell lines and primary tumor specimens, in the evaluation of the effects in 14 HNSCC cell lines and four primary tumor specimens.

Precisely, galectin-1 expression was detected in the basal layer of normal adjacent mucosa, in connective tissue stroma, and at the periphery of invasive tumor islands and galectin-3 localized to superficial mucosal layers, and adjacent to keratin pearls in invasive carcinoma.

In other words, Galectins localized to the cell surface demonstrated a significant activity in regulated HNSCC tumors in expression of cancer cell cellular process, including induction of cell apoptosis.

Dr. Gillenwater A, the lead author after taking account of other con founders said, "The expression pattern of galectins appears to be associated with degree of squamous differentiation, suggesting a potential role for galectins as biologic and differentiation markers in HNSCC".

Additionally, the study to investigate whether an increase in malignancy level is accompanied by significant modifications of the expression of galectin-1, galectin-3, and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T antigen) as well as the expression of binding sites for these three markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) indicated that the epithelial tissues in HNSCC exhibited very significantly (P < 0.01 to P < 0. 0001) lower amounts of galectin-1, galectin-3, and T antigen and their respective binding sites in compared to normal counterparts.

The expression of the biomakers indicated above in tumors of the larynx differed very significantly in compared to all the other tumor types.

A loss of differentiation in the HNSCCs is accompanied first by the loss of expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-reactive sites and then by that of the T antigen and its binding site(s).

The loss of only galetins 3 expression is also an indication of distinguished the negative lymph node from the positive lymph node HNSCCs

T antigen is a key early protein essential for both driving viral replication and inducing cellular transformation.

Over expression of galectin-# has been found to involve in numerous degenerative processes within the body, including cancer proliferation/ metastasis, heart failure, chronic inflammation, fibrosis and related organ failure.

After summarizing the expression of galetecins and its derivative in tumor aggression, Dr. Choufani G, the lead scientists said, "The decrease in the extent of expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-reactive sites, T antigen and T antigen-binding sites, and, to a lesser extent, galectin-1 and galectin-1-reactive sites correlates significantly with an increasing level of clinically detectable HNSCC aggressiveness".

The information findings suggested that galetecins, a family of evolutionary conserved animal lectins not only have a therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of head and neck cancer and may be considered as biomaker in determined the aggressiveness, stage and grade of the tumor site.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Galectins as modulators of tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by Saussez S1, Camby I, Toubeau G, Kiss R.(PubMed)
(2) Expression of galectins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by Gillenwater A1, Xu XC, el-Naggar AK, Clayman GL, Lotan R.(PubMed)
(3) The levels of expression of galectin-1, galectin-3, and the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen and their binding sites decrease as clinical aggressiveness increases in head and neck cancers by Choufani G1, Nagy N, Saussez S, Marchant H, Bisschop P, Burchert M, Danguy A, Louryan S, Salmon I, Gabius HJ, Kiss R, Hassid S.(PubMed)

Wednesday, 31 January 2018

Food Therapy: Lentil Lectins in Optimization of Immune Function Against Pathogens

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea and Its Bioactive (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in Attenuated Risk and Treatment of Nasal Polyps

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of stomach polyps, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, is a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

Nasal polyps are small clump of cells that form on the inside lining of tissue of nasal passages or sinuses. In most cases, the development do not exhibit any symptom to the patients.

In the evaluation of The anti oxidative effects of major catechin from green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on nasal polyps, chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by myofibroblast differentiation and extracelluar matrix accumulation, researchers at the Korea University College of Medicine found that application of the bioactive compound at dose of concentrations of 10-20 µg/mL demonstrated a strong activity in inhibition of the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) used to identify pathologic fibroblasts such as polyps and plays a role in fibroblast contractility and collagen type I mRNA in contribution to over expression of collagen biosynthesis.through reduced α-SMA and collagen protein levels.

At the same concentration, green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited expression of TGF-β1 in exhibited nasal polyp cells profileration through cytotoxitic activity caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in initiated free radical chain reaction and production.

Dr. Kang JS, the lead author said," the possibility that EGCG may be effective at inhibiting the development of nasal polyps through an anti-oxidant effect".

Additionally, the examine of the inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the synthesis of hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs)also agreed that application of green tea activated antioxidant expression in inhibited nasal polyp fibroblasts through suppressed production of VEGF via the level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1)α in respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment induced by cobalt chloride.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a protein with function in promoted production of new blood vessel to provide nutrient and oxygen to nasal polyp fibroblasts to facilitate abnormal cell growth activated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1)α.

Further differentiation also found that combined administration of Foligomycin (a specific HIF-1 alpha inhibitor) and EGCG expressed a more profound inhibition of VEGF synthesis in compared to oligomycin or EGCG treatment alone.

After taking into account of other con founders Dr. Lin SK, the lead author at the National Taiwan University Hospital said, "Nasal polyp fibroblasts contribute to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps by producing VEGF to promote angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate substantially diminishes HIF-1 alpha and VEGF synthesis in NPFs".

In transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1 a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, stimulated nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs) proliferation treated with or without EGCG, showed that application of green expressed an impressive effect in inhibited TGF-β1 activities in activation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in initiated fibroblast contractility and migration, NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox-4) in stimulated over production of reactive oxygen species, intracellular superoxide and type I collagen production in developed nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts.

The findings suggested that green tea EGCG may be an effective in inhibited development and growth of nasal polyps through its antioxidant activities.

Taking altogether, green tea with major bioactive (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may be considered as function food in reduced risk and treatment of polyps without inducing adverse effects. However, intake of green tea extract should be taken with special as acute liver toxicity has been reported in numbers of case.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA For Women

Sources
(1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits collagen production of nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts by Kang JS1, Park IH, Cho JS, Hong SM, Kim TH, Lee SH, Lee HM.(PubMed)
(2) Hypoxia-stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor production in human nasal polyp fibroblasts: effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha synthesis by Lin SK1, Shun CT, Kok SH, Wang CC, Hsiao TY, Liu CM.(PubMed)
(3) Green Tea Extract, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Inhibits TGF-β1-stimulated Collagen Expression in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts by H. Park, J. Cho, J. Kang, I. Park, H. Lee(The Journal of Allergy and Clinical immunology)

Tuesday, 30 January 2018

Alternative Therapy: Yoga Intervention In Prevented Risks and Complications in Pregnancy

Kyle J. Norton

According to the published literature on PubMed, yoga, a home base exercise may have a positive and profound effect for a healthy and outcome in pregnancy.

Yoga, the ancient practice for harmonized external and internal body well beings, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been best known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

In the study to ascertain the opinions, practices and knowledge about exercise, including yoga, during pregnancy, researchers after carefully examine the returned surveys, researchers indicated that exercise during pregnancy is considered as a most beneficial, particular pregnancy but 83% felt it was beneficial to start prior to pregnancy and yoga is considered as one of the home base exercise with progressive results.

Interestingly, observation based on BMI, also expressed that the rate of attending yoga lessons was substantially higher in non obese of 65% in compared to obese subjects.

Most women taking yoga therapy believed it is beneficial, and 40% of this group had attempted yoga before pregnancy.

Truly, yoga relaxation and meditation reduced the maternal stress by balanced and connected the mind and body, thus
* reducing risk of vessel tension or maternal hypertension through nitric oxide, is released by endothelial cells and inhibited production of vessel dilation hormones such as norepinephrine and epinephrine with over expression of numbers of beta-2 receptors.

* Bring back the presence by letting go of event causing stress or dealing the stress in the profound way. There results increased the natural state of awareness of motherhood with love and care to the baby in change of life style and healthy eating which may have a strong impact in the stimulated the gastrointestinal function in absorbed nutrients, together with oxygen in the blood to provide the normal growth and healthy of the baby. The orchestration of the mother facilitated a significant impact in decreasing many complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth,.....

Additionally, yoga by relaxed the central nervous system through reduced stress may also decreased production of prostaglandins in initiated uterus muscle contraction in contributed embryonic and fetal expulsion.

Yoga intervention also improved the immune response in ameliorated risk of intrauterine and uterus infection through stimulated production of antioxidants produced by the body and food intake in fighting against bacterial and viral invasion passing through the vagina and the cervix, the amniotic cavity to the fetus.

The activation of immune activities also protected the baby during the acute phase of infection by regulating production of anti inflammatory mytokines and pro inflammatory cytokines in ameliorated symptoms of inflammation without affecting the function of the immune function in protection of the body against foreign invasion in the infectious site.

Some researchers suggested that yoga intervention reduced stress also have a profound effect in inhibited nervous system sympathetically in production of hormone catecholamines to induce cytotoxic free radicals formation through induction of over production for antioxidants from healthy food sources and natural antioxidants from the body.

By review the information findings, it is safe to suggested that yoga practice may be beneficial physically and psychologically to both mother and the baby.

These results were supported by the review of literature published on 4 databases between January 2004 to February 2014 which indicated that yoga intervention demonstrated lower incidences of prenatal disorders (p ≤ 0.05), and small gestational age (p < 0.05), lower levels of pain and stress (p < 0.05), and higher score of relationship (p < 0.05), particularly in women with high-risk of depression or experienced lumbopelvic pain.

Dr. Jiang Q, the led author said, "yoga is a safe and more effective intervention during pregnancy".

And the Eastern Virginia Medical School in a study to evaluate the peripartum outcomes of yoga during pregnancy, including the postpartum period and lactationm based on review literature on PubMed database from January 1970 to January 2011, suggestion of yoga displayed a significant reduction in rates of preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, pregnancy discomforts, and perceived sleep disturbances and practicing yoga during pregnancy can significantly lower pain and discomfort perceived stress and improved quality of life in physical domains.

Taking together, in compared to other forms of therapy, yoga may be one of the safe and most effective in prevented risks, complications and enhanced birth outcome in pregnancy.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Exercise and yoga during pregnancy: a survey by Babbar S1, Chauhan SP.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of yoga intervention during pregnancy: a review for current status by Jiang Q1, Wu Z2, Zhou L1, Dunlop J3, Chen P1.(PubMed)
(3) Yoga during pregnancy: a review by Babbar S1, Parks-Savage AC, Chauhan SP.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Green tea and Its Bioactive Polyphenols in Protection of Cartilage Inside The Joint in Patients of Arthritis

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in protection of the cartilage against the degeneration of arthritis in the joint, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, is a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

Cartilage is a connected tissue, rubber-like padding between the joint of the bone with function to protect against bones rubbing against each other at the end points.

In the study of adolescent male Wistar rats 12-week exposure to Cd and Pb (7mg Cd and 50mg Pb in 1kg of the diet ramdomlt assigned to 12 to each group, as positive control received without Cd, Pb and teas, a negative control group received Cd and Pb, and groups supplemented additionally with green (GT), black (BT), red (RT), and white tea (WT), application of tea significant inhibited the decreased levels of the geometric(shape) and densitometric(density) parameters and total thickness of articular cartilage caused by Cd and Pb in compared to the negative control group.

Tea injection group also displayed a huge improvement in mechanical endurance, growth plate thickness, and trabecular histomorphometry depending on the tea type.

Due to limitation of the study, dr. Tomaszewska E, the lead researcher said, " It is difficult to indicate which tea has the best protective effects on bone and hyaline cartilage against heavy metal action".

Some scientists insisted that green tea with bioactive epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, may be the one was contributed to the cartilage protection against various types of influence.

Application of green tea EGCG in drinking water of mice was found to prevent collagen-induced arthritis through inhibiting the production of certain proinflammatory factors in association of damage of collagen such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a cell signaling cytokine with pro inflammatory involvement in systemic inflammation and cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme in response to inflammation and pain.

In EGCG treatment of human chondrocytes derived from OA cartilage, the application inhibited and modulated IL-1β cytokines in induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 through its immune and inflammatory signalling and production of nitric oxide in contribution of T lymphocyte dysfunction. and prostaglandin E2 in promotion of inflammation in chondrocytes.

According to the study, the inhibition of IL-1β by EGCG in human chondrocytes was also associated with its inhibitory effects on the activation of nuclear translocation of NF-κB in expression of proinflammatory activity.

Dr. Santosh K Katiya, the lead author, after taking into account of other co founders said, "These data thus provide a mechanistic link in prevention of arthritis responses as well as potential therapeutic value for EGCG/GTPs inhibiting cartilage resorption in arthritic joints".

Truly, in investigated the effects of catechins found in green tea on cartilage extracellular matrix components using bovine nasal and metacarpophalangeal cartilage as well as human non diseased, osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage cultured with and without reagents known to accelerate cartilage matrix breakdown in vitro, researchers found that catechins, containing gallate ester, were most effective in inhibited proteoglycan and type II collagen breakdown without inducing advserse effects.

These results suggested that some green tea catechins may have a significant effect in protected or delayed against cartilage reduction and joint damage through protection of chondrocytes.

Dr. Adcocks C, the lead author said, "green tea may be prophylactic for arthritis and may benefit the arthritis patient by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown".

Taken together, green tea with bioactive popyphenols may be considered as a functional food for reduced or delayed progression of cartilage damage against type II collagen degradation and used combination with standard medicine for treatment of cartilage inside the joint in arthritis patients.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA For Women

Sources
(1) Alteration in bone geometric and mechanical properties, histomorphometrical parameters of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, and growth plate in adolescent rats after chronic co-exposure to cadmium and lead in the case of supplementation with green, black, red and white tea by Tomaszewska E1, Dobrowolski P2, Winiarska-Mieczan A3, Kwiecień M3, Tomczyk A4, Muszyński S5, Radzki R4.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Santosh K Katiyar

1,2 and Chander Raman(PMC)
(3) Catechins from green tea (Camellia sinensis) inhibit bovine and human cartilageproteoglycan and type II collagen degradation in vitro by Adcocks C1, Collin P, Buttle DJ.(PubMed)

Monday, 29 January 2018

Herbal Therapy: Herbal Anise in Modulation and Stimulation of Immune Response

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in immunostimulating effects, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Immunostimulation is a medical term of stimulation of immune response positively.

According to the study of the University of Toyama, in the investigation of the 3 substances (LC1, LC2 and LC3) isolated from a hot water extract of seeds of Pimpinella anisum, application of all 3 lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCs) exerted a significant activities in hibited the expression of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and measles virus through stimulating the immune response in protection against virus adsorption to the host cell surface and directly inactivating viruses expression.

Further analysis of these effects, researchers found that the chemical compound enhanced expression of nitric oxide (NO) through iNOS mRNA inreduced inreduced nitric oxide synthases and protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells of immune system found promoted by the NF-κB which is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival against similar function of the virus in over taken control of the host cells.

Administration of Anise isolated compound also stimulated the immune response production of mRNA expression of cytokines including IL-1β which is considered as a mediator of the inflammatory response in resistance to pathogens and IL-10, a anti inflammatory cytokine in protection of the host cell during the acute phase of infection caused by viral invasion.

After considering other con founders, Dr. Lee JB, the lead authors said, " These results suggest that the lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from P. anisum possessed potency as functional food ingredients against infectious diseases".

Additionally, in the study of 80 of one-day old Cobb chicks allocated into four equal groups with control group supplemented with the basal diet, Anise I fed on basal diet containing (0.25 g anise seed powder/kg diet), Anise II fed on basal diet containing (0.50 g anise seed powder/kg diet) and Anise III fed on basal diet containing (0.75 g anise seed powder /kg diet) to examine the Anise growth performance, immunostimulant and antioxidant status by determination of the serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and IgG), interferon gamma (INF-γ) and interleukins (IL2 and IL-10).

reseachers found that groups fed with Anise expressed a significant increase of antioxidant activity through its major chemical compound anethole levels and induced production of immunoglobulins in inhibited pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Further more, injection of anise group also demonstrated an increased levels of interferon gamma ( INF-γ), a dimerized soluble cytokine in inducing and modulating an array of immune responses in antiviral activity.

Moreover, Anise application also improved the production of IL-10, a anti inflammatory mytokine,
interleukin 2 (IL-2), a protein in regulated the activities of white blood cells that are responsible for immunity and enhanced production of levels of glutathione (GSH), a natural master antioxidant for the body's natural defense system.

Interestingly, in stimulating the immune response against viral invasion, Anise group also displayed a significant reduced levels of muscle Malondialdehyde (MDA), a organic compound used a marker to determine levels of oxidative stress.

In support to the above differentiation, researchers at the Alexandria University conducted a study of Anise immunostimulative effect on 217 Arbor Acre one day old broiler chicks randomly allotted into 7 groups (31 per each) of mixed sex. Anise seed was supplemented to the basal diet at 0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 g/kg diet (groups 2-7), respectively and the trail was lasted for 6 weeks and suggested that only Anise supplementation at 0.5 g/kg (group 3) of broiler diet displays a strong enhancement of immune expression through improve blood picture (RBCs counts, WBCs count, HB and PCV%) in dose dependent manner and in compared of other concentration of anise supplementation levels and significantly increased activity of lymphocytes with function in eliminated antigen, through many different mechanisms including releasing antibodies (in the case of B cells), cytotoxic granules (cytotoxic T cells) or by signaling to other cells of the immune system (helper T cells) in compared to the control.

Taken together, Anise may be used as functional herb in protected out body against microorganisms invasion through stimulating and modulating immune response.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Sources
(1) Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum by Lee JB1, Yamagishi C, Hayashi K, Hayashi T.(PubMed)
(2) Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Enhances the Growth Performance, Immunity and Antioxidant Activities in Broilers by Doaa M. Barakat, Ali H. El-Far1, Kadry M. Sadek, Usama E. Mahrous2 , Hany F. Ellakany, Mervat A. Abdel-Latif, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 37(2), March – April 2016; Article No. 24, Pages: 134-140
(3) Effect of Dietary Anise Seeds Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens M.A. Soltan, R.S. Shewita and M.I. El-Katcha, International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (11): 1078-1088, 2008 ISSN 1682-8356

Herbal Therapy: Herbal Anise as Anti-Convulsant in Reduced risk, Frequency Attacks and Treatment of Seizures

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may be used as anticonvulsant with potential and substantial effect in prevent and treatment of seizures, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Anticonvulsant is a function to control seizures (convulsions) or stop an ongoing series of seizures.

According to the study of the Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, in the investigation of essential oil isolated from the fruits of Pimpinella anisum (Umbelliferae), a folkloric remedy in the Iranian traditional medicine against seizures, application of the essential oil on seizures male mice induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or maximal electroshock (MES) suppressed the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or maximal electroshock (MES) expression in stimulated a significant increase in blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal activity in the anterior thalamus, retrosplenial cortex, and dentate gyrus of the brain.

However, application of Anise also induced clonic convulsions which was found to last mere seconds, or continue for several minutes and motor impairment in other doses not used for treatment of seizures.

The information suggested that Anise in a specific dose may have a profound effect in reduced risk of seizure but the exact amount intake should only be prescribed by herbal specialist in prevention of clonic convulsions and motor impairment.

Further analysis of the effect of the essential oil in prevented and treatment of seizure attacks, researchers conducted a study using different concentrations of anise oil rat model induced seizure by injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and neuronal hypoxia induced by oxygen withdrawal on production of dark neurons and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and indicated that

injection of Anise oil exhibited protection of the brain neuron by inhibited the production of dark neurons which were found to associated to increased seizure attacks frequency, thus prolonging the period between seizure attacks and reduceing the amplitude and duration of epileptiform burst discharges due to neuron abnormal excitability induced by injection of intraperitoneal PTZ

Interestingly, application of anise oil also demonstrated a significant inhibited the depolarization, glutamate release caused by toxicity of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce neuron collapsed in different regions of the brain in epileptic rats.

Moreover, application of Anise essential oil also significantly enhanced the biotic or biotic factor that affects either oxygen supply (cardiorespiratory capacity) or oxygen demand (metabolic rate) through expression of anoxic terminal negativity in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices in initiated neuro protective effect.

Amazingly, the administration also demonstrated a direct stabilization of the cell membrane after acute onset of hypoxia and ischemia caused by oxygen withdrawal and inhibited induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) .

Dr. Karimzadeh F, the lead author, after taking into account of other con founders said, "the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of anise oil, likely via inhibition of synaptic plasticity".

Taken together, Anise essential oil may be considered as adjunct therapy to reduce risk and frequency of seizures attacks and used combination with the conventional medicine for treatment of seizures.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Sources
(1) The fruit essential oil of Pimpinella anisum exerts anticonvulsant effects in mice by Pourgholami MH1, Majzoob S, Javadi M, Kamalinejad M, Fanaee GH, Sayyah M.(PubMed)
(2) Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain by Karimzadeh F1, Hosseini M, Mangeng D, Alavi H, Hassanzadeh GR, Bayat M, Jafarian M, Kazemi H, Gorji A.(PubMed)

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