Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Sunday, 8 October 2017

Herbal Therapy: Andrographis, A Chemotherapeutic Agent for Treatment of Breast Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

The use of plants for healing purposes has been predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

Herbal Andrographis paniculata may be used as therapeutic agent for treatment and drug resistance breast cancer, a study by the renowned institute suggested.

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka, used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia,....

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is condition characterized by abnormal cells growth in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma).

In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

According to the joint study lead by the University of Kalyani, Andrographolide showed a significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation in a time- and concentration- dependent manner.

The study also found that the inhibition of breast cancer cell line proliferation with no effect on normal breast epithelial cells, through reduced oxygen species (ROS) production and increased population of apoptotic cells.

Other, in the study of the cytotoxic effect of chemical compound, 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (14-DDA), a major diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, application of the products suppressed the T-47D breast carcinoma cells caused cytotoxicity and elicited a non-apoptotic cell death.

Also in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell, Andrographolide, a major chemical compound found in Andrographis exhibited a strong anti breast cancer cell growth activities in regulating the breast cancer cell proliferation, survival and progression and breast cancer metastasis through various mechanisms involved pro inflammatory pathways.

Taking together, there is no doubt that Andrographis may be used as a possible chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for human breast cancers. But large amount intake should only be prescribed by herbalist.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest induced by andrographolide lead to programmed cell death of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by Banerjee M1,2, Chattopadhyay S2, Choudhuri T3, Bera R2, Kumar S2, Chakraborty B2, Mukherjee SK4.(PubMed)
(2) 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide induces DDIT3-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy in T-47D breast carcinoma cells by Tan HK1, Muhammad TS2, Tan ML3.(PubMed)
(3) Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration and invasion activity by andrographolide via suppression of nuclear factor-κB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by Zhai Z1, Qu X1, Li H1, Ouyang Z1, Yan W2, Liu G3, Liu X1, Fan Q1, Tang T1, Dai K1, Qin A1.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Chaste Tree Berry Expressed Various Mechanisms in Inhibition of Leukemia

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The use of plants for healing purposes has been predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

Oral Adminstrated ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex) may reduce risk of various types of solid tumor cells, particularly leukemia.

Leukemia is a condition of abnormal increase of white blood cells produced by the bone marrow and/or the lymphatic system. Depending to the malignant granulocytes or lymphocytes, leukemia is classified into myelogenous or lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of year as anaphrodisiac herb and considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.

According to the Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, casticin,, the major chemical compound found in extract from the ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex) exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against on leukemia cell lines, HL-60 and U-937 in dose depending manner.

Additionally, the study also expressed an interest result as the levels of cytotoxicity of Vitex/casticin were largely attributed to the degree of differentiation of leukemia cells depending to cancer cell line maturity. in compared to the HL-60 cell line with less mature U-937 cell line.

Dr. Kikuchi H, the lead author said, "casticin accounted for approximate 1% weight of Vitex. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Vitex and casticin was observed in both cell lines, and HL-60 cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxicity of Vitex/casticin compared to U-937 cells".

In further study, casticin, also displayed a sigmificant anti leukemia activity cells through expression molecular mechanism. apoptosis and cell cycle arrest observed through different assays.

The application of casticin yielded a result of cancer cell death at 75.3% at 12 in G2 phase in tumor cells cycle division, increased and subsequently declined to 27% at 48 h which was an indication of leukemic cell death via apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe.

Other study in support to the above differentiation, suggested that the extract from the ripe fruit of Vitex angus-castus (Vitex), inhibited the leukemia cell lines probably due to other mechanism such as significant decrease levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and level of gp91(phox), an important component of NADPH oxidase, in production of oxidation, and mediated cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells by regulating ROS generation...

Taking together, Chaste tree berry has a significant implication in reduced risk and treatment of leukemia through number of mechanisms, but intake of large amount should be taken with care to prevent toxicity.

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract and its major component, casticin, correlates with differentiation status in leukemia cell lines by Kikuchi H1, Yuan B, Nishimura Y, Imai M, Furutani R, Kamoi S, Seno M, Fukushima S, Hazama S, Hirobe C, Ohyama K, Hu XM, Takagi N, Hirano T, Toyoda H.(PubMed)
(2) Casticin induces leukemic cell death through apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe by Shen JK1, Du HP, Yang M, Wang YG, Jin J.(PubMed)
(3) Involvement of histone H3 phosphorylation via the activation of p38 MAPK pathway and intracellular redox status in cytotoxicity of HL-60 cells induced by Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract by Kikuchi H1, Yuan B1, Yuhara E1, Imai M1, Furutani R1, Fukushima S1, Hazama S1, Hirobe C2, Ohyama K1, Takagi N3, Toyoda H1.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Caffeine Expressed Gene Alternation and Medicine Interaction

By Kyle J. Norton

In compared to herbal medicine, food therapy even takes longer to ease symptoms, depending to stages of the treatment which directly address to the cause of disease.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Intake of coffee may have a profound effect in risk of certain disease induced by DNA methylation, a renowned study suggested.

In a study to differentiate genome-wide DNA methylation for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096) with DNA methylation measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort, researchers at the joint study lead by the Science for Life Laboratory, found that No individual sites were found to associate with men or with the sex-combined analysis for coffee.

Contrastively, in the re examine of two placebo-controlled studies, among subjects taking creatine, for whom higher caffeine intake was associated with more rapid progression of PD, according to the DNA samples and caffeine intake data.

Although GRIN2A genotype was not associated with the rate of clinical progression of PD in the placebo group, but intake of coffee may have interact with creatine in many different ways in these group of patients, particularly in in the creatine group with high levels of caffeine intake,

These result indicated an important results

1. Coffee and caffeine intake do not exert change of DNA in healthy individuals.

2. Caffeine exposed a strong interaction with some medication, such as creatine to induce DNA change

3. These inaction increased severity of the disease expression and progression

Dr. Simon DK, the lead author said, "(the study demonstrated an example of) a genetic factor interacting with environmental factors illustrates the complexity of gene-environment interactions in the progression of PD.

In support of the above analysis, Dr. Yamada-Fowler N, the lead researchers of another joint study lead by the Linköping University, insisted that caffeine expresses a strong effect in increased risk PD progression by interaction with gene GRIN2A, instead of group with intake of creatine

The findings information, suggested that caffeine may have a profound effect in interaction with some medication in induced some genes change or induce DNA change without presence of medicine intake in some diseases.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts by Ek WE1, Tobi EW2, Ahsan M1, Lampa E3, Ponzi E4,5, Kyrtopoulos SA6, Georgiadis P6, Lumey LH7, Heijmans BT8, Botsivali M6, Bergdahl IA9, Karlsson T1, Rask-Andersen M1, Palli D10, Ingelsson E11,12, Hedman ÅK12, Nilsson LM13, Vineis P14, Lind L15, Flanagan JM16, Johansson Å1; Epigenome-Wide Association Study Consortium(PubMed)
(2) Caffeine, creatine, GRIN2A and Parkinson's disease progression by Simon DK1, Wu C2, Tilley BC3, Lohmann K4, Klein C5, Payami H6, Wills AM7, Aminoff MJ8, Bainbridge J9, Dewey R10, Hauser RA11, Schaake S12, Schneider JS13, Sharma S14, Singer C15, Tanner CM16, Truong D17, Wei P18, Wong PS19, Yang T20.(PubMed)
(3) Caffeine interaction with glutamate receptor gene GRIN2A: Parkinson's disease in Swedish population by Yamada-Fowler N1, Fredrikson M2, Söderkvist P1.(PubMed)

Saturday, 7 October 2017

Herbal Therapy: Chaste tree berry, a Functional Herb for Ameliorated Risk and Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

The use of plants for healing purposes has been predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

The study conducted by respectable institution suggested that Chaste tree berry may have a potential effect in reduced risk and treatment of gastric/stomach cancer.

Gastric cancer is a condition of abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric cancer.

Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of year as anaphrodisiac herb and considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.

According to the Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, ethanol extract of the dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex) displayed a strong cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer cell through induction of apoptosis.

The efficacy of anti gastric cancer of the extract is a result of antioxidant activity in reduced progression of oxidative stress which can be detected through

using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate.

Dr.Ohyama K, the lead author said, " Our results demonstrate that intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane damage is responsible for Vitex-induced apoptosis, which may be mediated by a diminution of reduced type glutathione within the cell".

Furthermore, in the support of the above differentiation, other study conducted by the same institution, suggested that Vitex extracted expressed the similar effect against human gastric signet ring carcinoma cell line, KATO-III, through separating or breaking of DNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Additionally, the study also indicated, Vitex-induced apoptosis by elevated the intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane damage of gastric cancer cell lines through mediation of the presence of reduced type glutathione within the cell.

Other; in the investigate the cytotoxicity of the extract against serval human cancer cell line, including gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III), colon carcinoma (COLO 201), showed that injection of the extract exhibited a significant effect in interference of the cell cycle division,reduced DNA abnormal expression through antioxidative reagent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC).

Finally, according to Dr. Ohyama K, the lead author, the cytotoxic activity of Vitex extract may be attributed to the effect on cell growth in expression of apoptotic cell death by increased intracellular oxidation.

Taking together, chaste tree berry exerted anti cancer effect through various phytochemicals may be used as function food for ameliorated risk and treatment of gastric cancer, but intake of large amount should be taken with care.

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Human gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III) cell apoptosis induced by Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract through intracellular oxidative stress by Ohyama K1, Akaike T, Imai M, Toyoda H, Hirobe C, Bessho T.(PubMed)
(2) Human gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III) cell apoptosis induced by Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract through intracellular oxidative stress by Ohyama K1, Akaike T, Imai M, Toyoda H, Hirobe C, Bessho T.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxicity and apoptotic inducibility of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract in cultured human normal and cancer cells and effect on growth by Ohyama K1, Akaike T, Hirobe C, Yamakawa T.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Andrographis in Accelerated Wound Healing with Lesser Scar

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis, is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka, used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia,.. .....

Wound healing is a natural response to restore injured tissues.

Andrographis paniculata leaf showed to process a significant wound healing effect in restoring injured tissues, a mentioned institute suggested.

According to the Universiti Teknologi MARA, topical application of Andrographis paniculata exerted a strong effect on the rate of wound enclosure with markedly less scar width and contained large amounts of fibroblast proliferation.

In a study of wound created in four groups of rat in posterior neck region. Blank placebo applied topically to the wounds of Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3 dressed with placebo containing 5% and 10% extracts of A. paniculata, groups treated with topical showed a rate of wound healing significantly accelerated in the wound dressed compared to placebo group.

The wound healing is also increased collagen and less formation of new blood vessels with absence of inflammatory cells.

Other study, in the evaluation of the effects of andrographis wound healing activity of Swiss Wistar strain rats with either sex with topical application, 2%w/w ointment of ethanol extract and petroleum ether extract prepared in 2% w/w PEG-4000 in comparison to the left untreated control group, treatment groups showed a faster rate of complete healing in day 12 after topical application with wound contractions in petroleum ether extract, ethanolic extract were at 10.17 and 16.33, respectively.

Dr. Arnabaditya Mohanty, the lead authors in the joint study said, "Andrographis peniculata ethanolic extract possesses better wound healing property in comparison to control and also with petroleum ether extract".

Taking together, topical application of Andrographis paniculata leaf and extract may be used as a wound healing agent in accelerately restored injured tissues with lesser scar without induced adverse effects.

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) Effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on wound healing in rats by Al-Bayaty FH1, Abdulla MA, Abu Hassan MI, Ali HM.(PubMed) and(University of Malaya)
(2) Preliminary Pytochemical Screening and Wound Healing Activity of Andrographis Peniculata by Arnabaditya Mohanty1 , Dusmanta Kumar Pradhan1 , Manas Ranjan Mishra1 , Jitendra Kumar Sahoo1 , Ashutosh Mishra *2, Bankim Chan(Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research)

Herbal Therapy, Andrographis, The Anti Skin Cancer Whole Herb Medicine

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The use of plants for healing purposes has been predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......

Andrographis, the forgotten herbal medicine may consist a potency in reduced risk and treatment of skin cancer with fewer or no side effects, the renowned institute study suggested.

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia,.....

Skin cancer is a medical condition of uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells and often detected at an early stage.

According to the joint study lead by the Sri Krishnadevaraya University, leaf extract of Andrographis nallamalayana (AN) significantly reduced the viability and survival of cells in skin cancer cell lines on A375 and B16F10 as shown in MTT assay and clonogenic assays.

The anti skin cancer effects of the leaf extract was also associated to ameliorate the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein in induced the expression of proapoptotic mechanism.

Dr. Purushotham G, the lead author said, "the extracts of AN exhibited significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities on melanoma skin cancer cell lines".

In immunofluorescence analysis, leaf extract Andrographis nallamalayana (AN), significantly attenuate the expression of NF-κB target genes with function in regulated cytoxocity expression in tumor cell.

Furthermore, the extract also exhibited the direct anticancer activity on cancer cells by cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through induction of cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 involved cell proliferation and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in cell controlling, probably through enhancing immunomodulatory property.

Taking together, there is no doubt that Andrographis processes a pharmaceutical value in reduced risk and controlling skin cancer, but intake of large quantity can only be prescribed by herbalist.

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(1) In vitro evaluation of anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities of the m ethanolic extracts of Andrographis nallamalayana Ellis on A375 and B16F10 melanoma cell lines by Purushotham G1,2, Padma Y1, Nabiha Y2, Venkata Raju RR3.(PubMed)
(2) Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographispaniculata by Rajagopal S1, Kumar RA, Deevi DS, Satyanarayana C, Rajagopalan R.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Coffee Caffeine in Increased Alertness and Rapid Reaction in Healthy Individuals

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

In compared to herbal medicine, food therapy even takes longer to ease symptoms, depending to stages of the treatment which directly address to the cause of disease.

Intake of coffee caffeine may have a potential effect in enhance alertness and rapid reaction, a renowned institute study suggested

Coffee, second to tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In a randomized, double-blind, parallel groups design to rate anxiety, alertness, and headache before and after 100 mg caffeine and again after another 150 mg caffeine given 90 min later, or after placebo on both occasions, researchers indicated that caffeine intake expressed a clean effect in elevated alertness in compared to placebo.

Further differentiation also found that caffeine did not increase alertness in low caffeine intake participants, and non caffeine administrated to medium and high intake groups displayed a reduced alertness effect and caffeine abstinence reduced alertness and consumption in compared to baseline.

Other, in the study of 30 healthy volunteers received equal volume drinks equivalent to either 1 or 2 cups of tea (containing 37.5 mg or 75 mg caffeine), or coffee (75 mg or 150 mg caffeine), or water, in a randomised five-way crossover design with drinks administered on four occasions during the day (0900, 1300, 1700 and 2300 hours), researchers found that there were no difference in all group in expression of alertness, but following the second beverage caffeinated coffee at 75 mg, there was a significantly improved reaction time (P<0.05), in compared to tea at the same dose and placebo.

Dr. Hindmarch I, the lead author said, " ingestion of caffeinated beverages may maintain aspects of cognitive and psychomotor performance throughout the day and evening when caffeinated beverages are administered repeatedly" and "This study also demonstrates that day-long tea consumption produces similar alerting effects to coffee, despite lower caffeine levels".

More importantly, in a total of 19 healthy volunteers ingested 400 ml black tea, coffee, caffeinated water, decaffeinated tea or plain water on three occasions through the day (0900, 1400 and 1900 hours), researchers filed the following reports
1. Caffeine ingestion was associated with a rapid (10 min) and persistent improvement of alertness and again independent of time of day, but did not acutely alter CFF threshold.
2. In compared to caffeine consumed group, water and decaffeinated group expressed steady decline in alertness (LARS) and cognitive capacity over the whole day.
3. Tea and coffee were similar on all measures, including alertness
4. Tea and coffee ingestion was associated with rapid increases in alertness and information processing capacity if tea was drinking throughout the day, in compared to other groups.

Taking altogether, there is no doubt that coffee intake have a enormous and profound effect in improved alertness and rapid reaction if drinking throughout the day, but reduced intake or adsence of coffee caffeine may cause the opposite effect.