Soy foods, including tofu have been in traditional Chinese diet over
thousands of year, according to Chinese literature. The reduced risk of
chronic disease, including metabolic syndrome such as cardiovascular
diseases, obesity and diabetes and lesser menopause symptoms in advanced
age, may be aided by eating a lot of soy food accompanied with large
portion of vegetables and fruits. Indeed, according to the study, only
10% of women in the East are experience symptoms of menopause in
advanced age compared to over 70% of their Western counterparts.
According to Dr. Mark Messina, Ph.D., Soy foods contributed from 6.5%8
to 12.8%7 of total protein intake in older adult in Japan.(b)
The approval of cardiovascular benefit of soy by FDA in 1999 accompanied
with the discovery of health benefits in clinical studies over past
decade, prompted the promotion and advertisement of soy's health
benefits in every aspect in Western society. Evidences could be seen by
walking through the supermarkets and drug stores. Soy supplements and
products such as tofu, soy milk, soy-based infant formula, and meatless
“texturized vegetable protein” burgers were widely available. According
to the United Soybean Board’s 2004–2005, 25% of Americans consume soy
foods or beverages at least once per week, and 74% view soy products as
healthy.
Today, the promotion of soy are no longer existed, it may be results of
discovery of adverse effect in single ingredient and animal studies, as
intake of soy is associated to induce risk certain mammary cancers and
infertility. The publication of the result have drawn many criticisms.
According to Thomas Badger, director and senior investigator at the
Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center in Little Rock, these effects are
seen only under certain experimental conditions that are not likely to
occur in humans—and therein lies the crux of the debate(a). Equol
(4',7-isoflavandiol), an isoflavandiol metabolized from daidzein may be
the causes, as 90% of Eastern population are equol producers but only
30% in the West.
The explanation of the positive effect of soy isoflavones in reduced
risk of mammary cancers by University of Goettingen may be interesting,
as researchers said" Most importantly, there is dispute as to whether
isoflavones derived from soy or red clover have negative, positive or any effect at all on the mammary gland or endometrium. It is beyond any doubt that soy products may have cancer
preventing properties in a variety of organs including the mammary
gland. However, these properties may only be exerted if the developing
organ was under the influence of isoflavones during childhood and
puberty.
Soybean is the genus Glycine, belonging to the family Fabaceae, one of the legumes that
contains twice as much protein per acre as any other major vegetable or
grain crop, native to Southeast Asia. Now, it is grown worldwide with
suitable climate for commercial profits.
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Essential amino acid
6. Vitamin A
7. Vitamin B6
8. Vitamin B12
9. Vitamin C
10. Vitamin K
11. Calcium
12. Iron
13. Magnesium
14. Phosphorus
15. Potassium
16. Sodium
17. Zinc
18. Etc.
Phytochemicals
1. Isoflavones
2. Genistein
3. Saponins
4. Beta-sitosterol
5. Daidzein
I. Soy in Eastern population
A. The Japanese population
Japan, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, lies to the east of the
Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching
from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in
the south(1). According to Moriyama, Japanese women and men live longer
and healthier than everyone else on Earth, it may be result of
healthier Japanese diet and lifestyle. According to the World Health
Organization, the Japanese have an average of 75 years healthy
living with disability-free, it may be due to average soy intake 10 to
70 times higher than in Western
people(1a)(1b).
A3. Soy and Prostate cancer in Japanese Men
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of
prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth with
possibility of spreading to the distant parts of the body. Most
prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate
cancer may be detected during physical (rectum) exams.
The widespread of prostate cancer, once considered a disease of aging
male, now have become major concerns of governments and scientific
community in South East Asian with tendency to effect even younger age
population. Suggestions emerged of over consuming bad fats in any time
in history accompanied with unhealthy diet and life style may be the
possible causes of the disease, linking to the economic prosperity over 2
decades.
In fact, the incidence of prostate cancer in Asia is still lower if compared to their Western counterparts.
The Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center. suggested that isoflavones and soy food are associated with a dose-dependent decrease in the reduced risk of localized cancer, in a population-based prospective study in 43,509 Japanese
men ages 45 to 74 years with participants responded to a validated
questionnaire, which included 147 food items. During follow-up from 1995
through 2004, 307 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, of which 74 cases were advanced, 220 cases were organ localized, and 13 cases were of an undetermined stage(5).
Environment, Diet, intestinal microbiota and Geography
The testing of North American Japanese and Japanese in Japan showed the
environment factor may be involved in the development of prostate cancer
regardless to genetic similarity(7). The incidence of the disease
increased vary both from country to country and ethnic group, with the highest incidence reported for Afro-Americans and the lowest for Asian men(2).
The study of the associations between nutritional and other lifestyle factors and the prevalence of prostate cancer in a case-control study of Japanese men, showed that soy isoflavone significantly decreased the risk of prostate cancer regardless to the intake of other nutrients such as PUFA, (n-6) fatty acids or magnesium from other food sources(9).
Other suggested that legumes (not limited to soy products) and certain categories of vegetables may protect against prostate cancer(10).
DR. Akaza H. said "not having equol converting bacteria in the intestine (non-equol producers) can be a risk factor for prostate cancer
and that one direction for future research will be to examine the
possibility of improving the intestinal environment to enable equol
production"(13).
Genes differentiation
1n gene differentiation, estrogen related genes may be the culprits for
the development of prostate cancer. In an one hundred and eighty cases
and 177 controls selected from three geographic areas of Japan
study, though analysis by the multifactor dimensionality reduction
method, soy isoflavones, showed to
exhibit its anti prostate cancer, depending to differ between the
genotypes of estrogen related genes(3).
According to Dr. Kimura T., the incidence of prostate cancer in Asia is
much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians and soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate
cancer, it may be as a result of genetic mutation of approximately 30
genetic polymorphisms in populations of countries in the West.(1).
Serum of isoflavones
In a case-control study within the Japan Public Health Center-based
Prospective of a total of 14,203 men aged 40 to 69 years who had
returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples observed
from 1990 to 2005, showed that plazma genistein level is
associated inversely to the risk of prostate cancer(4).
Other in the study of four isoflavonoids in plasma of 14 Japanese
and 14 Finnish men, also showed that the mean plasma of total
individual isoflavonoid levels of Japnaese are 7 to 110 times higher Japanese than in the Finnish men. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, occurred in the highest concentration(11).
In the experiment of Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese
diet showed that the excretion of isoflavonoids correlated with
soybean-product intake is associated to reduced mortality in breast and
prostate cancer of Japanese women and men(12).
In view of above, the Loma Linda University, insisted that soy isoflavones should be tested against different populations of prostate cancer
patients for its efficacy(6). Other suggested that the lower incidence
of prostate cancer in Japanese men may be a result of traditional
Japanese diet with a lot of soy foods and fishes(8) and promotes the production of Soy-derived food products and the metabolization of the isoflavones to enhance equol production to those of non producers of Asian and European/North American populations(13).
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References
(1) East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians by Kimura T.(PubMed)
(2) Hereditary prostate cancer and other genetic predispositions to prostate cancer by Cussenot O1, Valeri A, Berthon P, Fournier G, Mangin P.(PubMed)
(3) Polymorphisms in estrogen related genes may modify the protective effect of isoflavones against prostate cancer risk in Japanese men by Sonoda T1, Suzuki H, Mori M, Tsukamoto T, Yokomizo A, Naito S, Fujimoto K, Hirao Y, Miyanaga N, Akaza H.(PubMed)
(4) Plasma isoflavones and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a nested case-control study: the Japan Public Health Center by Kurahashi N1, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(5) Soy product and isoflavone consumption in relation to prostate cancer in Japanese men by Kurahashi N1, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Otani T, Inoue M, Tsugane S; Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group.(PubMed)
(6) An overview of the health effects of isoflavones with an emphasis on prostate cancer risk and prostate-specific antigen levels by Messina M1, Kucuk O, Lampe JW.(PubMed)
(7) Prostate cancer in native Japanese and Japanese-American men: effects of dietary differences on prostatic tissue by Marks LS1, Kojima M, Demarzo A, Heber D, Bostwick DG, Qian J, Dorey FJ, Veltri RW, Mohler JL, Partin AW.(PubMed)
(8) A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in Japan: possible protective effect of traditional Japanese diet by Sonoda T1,
Nagata Y, Mori M, Miyanaga N, Takashima N, Okumura K, Goto K, Naito S,
Fujimoto K, Hirao Y, Takahashi A, Tsukamoto T, Fujioka T, Akaza H.(PubMed)
(9) Nagata Y1, Sonoda T, Mori M, Miyanaga N, Okumura K, Goto K, Naito S, Fujimoto K, Hirao Y, Takahashi A, Tsukamoto T, Akaza H.(PubMed)
(10) Vegetables, fruits, legumes and prostate cancer: a multiethnic case-control study by Kolonel LN1, Hankin JH, Whittemore AS, Wu AH, Gallagher RP, Wilkens LR, John EM, Howe GR, Dreon DM, West DW, Paffenbarger RS Jr.(PubMed)
(11) Plasma concentrations of phyto-oestrogens in Japanese men by Adlercreutz H1, Markkanen H, Watanabe S.(PubMed)
(12) Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet by Adlercreutz H1, Honjo H, Higashi A, Fotsis T, Hämäläinen E, Hasegawa T, Okada H.(PubMed)
(13) Prostate cancer chemoprevention by soy isoflavones: role of intestinal bacteria as the "second human genome" by Akaza H.(PubMed)
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Expert in Health Benefits of Foods, Herbs, and Phytochemicals. Master in Mathematics & Nutrition and BA in World Literature and Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only.
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Tuesday, 3 June 2014
Phytochemical Sulforaphane (Dithiolthiones) and Lung diseases
Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.
Lung diseases is defined as a condition, affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.
Sulforaphane may be used as a preventive chemical constituent of pulmonary damage for patient who exposure to arsenic. According to China Medical University, arsenic-containing dust resulted in ; all of which were blocked by sulforaphane (SF) blocked pathological alterations, oxidative DNA damage, and mild apoptotic cell death in the lung caused by 2 weeks of exposure to arsenic through activation of Nrf2(master regulator of the total antioxidant system)(1). In wildtype neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia. SF also found to activated Nrf2 activation through induced expression of anti-oxidant genes,(2). In the lungs of the arrhythmic Clock(Δ19) mice, SF also activated it anti ovidative damage effect through activation of NRF2/glutathione defense pathway in combating oxidative/fibrotic lung damage(3).
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References
(1) Sulforaphane prevents pulmonary damage in response to inhaled arsenic by activating the Nrf2-defense response. by Zheng Y1, Tao S, Lian F, Chau BT, Chen J, Sun G, Fang D, Lantz RC, Zhang DD.(PubMed)
(2) Transcriptional responses of neonatal mouse lung to hyperoxia by Nrf2 status by McGrath-Morrow SA1, Lauer T, Collaco JM, Lopez A, Malhotra D, Alekseyev YO, Neptune E, Wise R, Biswal S.(PubMed)
(3) The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis by Pekovic-Vaughan V1, Gibbs J, Yoshitane H, Yang N, Pathiranage D, Guo B, Sagami A, Taguchi K, Bechtold D, Loudon A, Yamamoto M, Chan J, van der Horst GT, Fukada Y, Meng QJ.(PubMed)
Lung diseases is defined as a condition, affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.
Sulforaphane may be used as a preventive chemical constituent of pulmonary damage for patient who exposure to arsenic. According to China Medical University, arsenic-containing dust resulted in ; all of which were blocked by sulforaphane (SF) blocked pathological alterations, oxidative DNA damage, and mild apoptotic cell death in the lung caused by 2 weeks of exposure to arsenic through activation of Nrf2(master regulator of the total antioxidant system)(1). In wildtype neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia. SF also found to activated Nrf2 activation through induced expression of anti-oxidant genes,(2). In the lungs of the arrhythmic Clock(Δ19) mice, SF also activated it anti ovidative damage effect through activation of NRF2/glutathione defense pathway in combating oxidative/fibrotic lung damage(3).
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References
(1) Sulforaphane prevents pulmonary damage in response to inhaled arsenic by activating the Nrf2-defense response. by Zheng Y1, Tao S, Lian F, Chau BT, Chen J, Sun G, Fang D, Lantz RC, Zhang DD.(PubMed)
(2) Transcriptional responses of neonatal mouse lung to hyperoxia by Nrf2 status by McGrath-Morrow SA1, Lauer T, Collaco JM, Lopez A, Malhotra D, Alekseyev YO, Neptune E, Wise R, Biswal S.(PubMed)
(3) The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis by Pekovic-Vaughan V1, Gibbs J, Yoshitane H, Yang N, Pathiranage D, Guo B, Sagami A, Taguchi K, Bechtold D, Loudon A, Yamamoto M, Chan J, van der Horst GT, Fukada Y, Meng QJ.(PubMed)
The Sauces: Chimichurri Sauce
Contributed by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart,
Fast home Cooking) by Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher
Oxmoor House
This is a traditional Agentine sauce, often served with steaks and other cuts or beef. It is sour and spicy - a sophisticated mélange. Use only fresh herbs here.
1/4 cup white vinegar
2 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1/2 tsp. salt
6 garlic cloves, peeled
2 jalapeno peppers, stems removed
3 bay leaves
1 cup minced fresh parsley
1/4 cup minced fresh oregano
Place first ingredients in the blender, process until smooth. Add parsley and oregano and stir well. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 2 days. Yield I cup(serving size about 21/2 tsp.
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This is a traditional Agentine sauce, often served with steaks and other cuts or beef. It is sour and spicy - a sophisticated mélange. Use only fresh herbs here.
1/4 cup white vinegar
2 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1/2 tsp. salt
6 garlic cloves, peeled
2 jalapeno peppers, stems removed
3 bay leaves
1 cup minced fresh parsley
1/4 cup minced fresh oregano
Place first ingredients in the blender, process until smooth. Add parsley and oregano and stir well. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 2 days. Yield I cup(serving size about 21/2 tsp.
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Monday, 2 June 2014
Herbal Chamomile and Neuroprotective effect
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of
many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has
been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce
cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and
bloating in the intestine, etc.
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
Chamomile and Neuroprotective effect
The evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of German chamomile against aluminium fluoride (AlF₄⁻)-induced oxidative stress in rats. showed a neuroprotective effect of herbal chamomile, through significantly decreased in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total thiol levels in extract-treated animals(1). The Hanagal Shri Kumareshawr College of Pharmacy study, in support of the above, showed the same effectiveness of the herb also through same mechanisms in extract treated groups but this time in global model of ischemia in rats(2)
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References
(1) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats by Ranpariya VL1, Parmar SK, Sheth NR, Chandrashekhar VM.(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats vy Chandrashekhar VM1, Ranpariya VL, Ganapaty S, Parashar A, Muchandi AA(PubMed)
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
Chamomile and Neuroprotective effect
The evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of German chamomile against aluminium fluoride (AlF₄⁻)-induced oxidative stress in rats. showed a neuroprotective effect of herbal chamomile, through significantly decreased in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total thiol levels in extract-treated animals(1). The Hanagal Shri Kumareshawr College of Pharmacy study, in support of the above, showed the same effectiveness of the herb also through same mechanisms in extract treated groups but this time in global model of ischemia in rats(2)
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References
(1) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats by Ranpariya VL1, Parmar SK, Sheth NR, Chandrashekhar VM.(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats vy Chandrashekhar VM1, Ranpariya VL, Ganapaty S, Parashar A, Muchandi AA(PubMed)
Eggplant as antioxidants
Kyle J. Norton
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India. The plant has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory. It is famous with its deeply purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.
Nutritional Supplements
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
7. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
8. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
9. Pantothenic acid (B5)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vitamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Tryptophan
14. Manganese
15. Calcium
16. Copper
17. Iron
18. Magnesium
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Etc.
Chemical constituents
The vegetable chemical compounds containing include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin and other Polyphenolic compounds.
Eggplant as antioxidants
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
Eggplant fruit contains a rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties. According to Università degli Studi di Catania, dry peeled skin combined with 50% aqueous ethanol, irradiated with microwave contained showed a high quantity of flavonoids with good antioxidant activity expressed through its capacity to scavenge superoxide anion and to inhibit lipid peroxidation(1). Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG) exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical-scavenging activity as well as protected against Ca(2+) (110 μmol/L)-induced mitochondrial swelling and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, in the evaluation of the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG) and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore(2).
The City University of New York, in the study of the antioxidant-caffeoylquinic acid isomers in fruits of wild eggplant relatives, 3-O-malonyl-5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (isomer 1) and 4-O-(E)-caffeoyl-5-O-malonylquinic acid (isomer 2) found that the chemicals exhibited free radical scavenging activity, albeit about 4-fold lower than that of the flavonol quercetin dehydrate(3).
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References
(1) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted Solanum melongena extracts by Salerno L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R.(PubMed)
(2) African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling by Elekofehinti OO1, Kamdem JP, Bolingon AA, Athayde ML, Lopes SR, Waczuk EP, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JB.(PubMed)
(3) Two new antioxidant malonated caffeoylquinic acid isomers in fruits of wild eggplant relatives by Ma C1, Dastmalchi K, Whitaker BD, Kennelly EJ.(PubMed)
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India. The plant has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory. It is famous with its deeply purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.
Nutritional Supplements
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
7. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
8. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
9. Pantothenic acid (B5)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vitamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Tryptophan
14. Manganese
15. Calcium
16. Copper
17. Iron
18. Magnesium
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Etc.
Chemical constituents
The vegetable chemical compounds containing include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin and other Polyphenolic compounds.
Eggplant as antioxidants
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
Eggplant fruit contains a rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties. According to Università degli Studi di Catania, dry peeled skin combined with 50% aqueous ethanol, irradiated with microwave contained showed a high quantity of flavonoids with good antioxidant activity expressed through its capacity to scavenge superoxide anion and to inhibit lipid peroxidation(1). Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG) exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical-scavenging activity as well as protected against Ca(2+) (110 μmol/L)-induced mitochondrial swelling and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, in the evaluation of the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG) and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore(2).
The City University of New York, in the study of the antioxidant-caffeoylquinic acid isomers in fruits of wild eggplant relatives, 3-O-malonyl-5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (isomer 1) and 4-O-(E)-caffeoyl-5-O-malonylquinic acid (isomer 2) found that the chemicals exhibited free radical scavenging activity, albeit about 4-fold lower than that of the flavonol quercetin dehydrate(3).
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References
(1) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted Solanum melongena extracts by Salerno L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R.(PubMed)
(2) African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling by Elekofehinti OO1, Kamdem JP, Bolingon AA, Athayde ML, Lopes SR, Waczuk EP, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JB.(PubMed)
(3) Two new antioxidant malonated caffeoylquinic acid isomers in fruits of wild eggplant relatives by Ma C1, Dastmalchi K, Whitaker BD, Kennelly EJ.(PubMed)
The Sauces: Tangy tamarind sauce
Contributed by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart,
Fast home Cooking) by Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher
Oxmoor House
This sauce is great mopped onto grilled or broiled beef, chicken, pork, lamb or veal. It's sweet and sticky with a little fire underneath - a perfect combination.
1/4 cup tamarind puree or concentrate
6 tsp. water
1/4 cup chopped onion
1/2 tsp. ground cumin
1 large jalapeno pepper, halved and seeded
1 garlic clove, peeled
Combine all ingredient in the blender or mini food processor, process until smooth. Store covered in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 1 cup. (Serving size: 1tsp.
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This sauce is great mopped onto grilled or broiled beef, chicken, pork, lamb or veal. It's sweet and sticky with a little fire underneath - a perfect combination.
1/4 cup tamarind puree or concentrate
6 tsp. water
1/4 cup chopped onion
1/2 tsp. ground cumin
1 large jalapeno pepper, halved and seeded
1 garlic clove, peeled
Combine all ingredient in the blender or mini food processor, process until smooth. Store covered in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 1 cup. (Serving size: 1tsp.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Sunday, 1 June 2014
Phytochemical Sulforaphane (Isothiocyanates) and Obesity
Kyle J. Norton
Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.
Sulforaphane and Obesity
Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
Taking foods containing sulforaphane may be effective in managing weight loss for obese patients accompanied with change of lifestyle with more vegetables and fruits into diet. Sulforaphane, a molecule within the isothiocyanate group, according to Chungbuk National University, showed to prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. through inhibiting adipogenesis( the cells differentiation for a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve in the body of animals). via down-regulation of PPARγ(regulation of metabolism) and C/EBPα (inflammatory process) and by suppressing lipogenesis( protein as an intermediate stage in metabolism of simple sugars) through activation of the AMPK(in cellular energy homeostasis) pathway(1). Chronic oral administration of sulforaphane, on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a highly palatable (HP) diet in male Wistar rats, at the specific dose was able to accentuate glucose intolerance and may affect GLUT3 expression involed neuronal glucose transport in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus(2). The Chonbuk National University also suggested that Sulforaphane suppressed AMPK phosphorylation(cellular energy homeostasis) at Thr-172 in a dose-dependent manner(3).
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References
(1) Sulforaphane attenuates obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and activating the AMPK pathway in obese mice by Choi KM1, Lee YS1, Kim W1, Kim SJ2, Shin KO1, Yu JY3, Lee MK1, Lee YM1, Hong JT1, Yun YP1, Yoo HS4.(PubMed)(2) Chronic sulforaphane oral treatment accentuates blood glucose impairment and may affect GLUT3 expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of rats fed with a highly palatable diet by Souza CG1, Riboldi BP, Hansen F, Moreira JD, Souza DG, de Assis AM, Brum LM, Perry ML, Souza DO.(PubMed)
(3) Sulforaphane induced adipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase activation, regulated by AMPK signaling pathway by Lee JH1, Moon MH, Jeong JK, Park YG, Lee YJ, Seol JW, Park SY.(PubMed)
Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.
Sulforaphane and Obesity
Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
Taking foods containing sulforaphane may be effective in managing weight loss for obese patients accompanied with change of lifestyle with more vegetables and fruits into diet. Sulforaphane, a molecule within the isothiocyanate group, according to Chungbuk National University, showed to prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. through inhibiting adipogenesis( the cells differentiation for a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve in the body of animals). via down-regulation of PPARγ(regulation of metabolism) and C/EBPα (inflammatory process) and by suppressing lipogenesis( protein as an intermediate stage in metabolism of simple sugars) through activation of the AMPK(in cellular energy homeostasis) pathway(1). Chronic oral administration of sulforaphane, on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a highly palatable (HP) diet in male Wistar rats, at the specific dose was able to accentuate glucose intolerance and may affect GLUT3 expression involed neuronal glucose transport in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus(2). The Chonbuk National University also suggested that Sulforaphane suppressed AMPK phosphorylation(cellular energy homeostasis) at Thr-172 in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(1) Sulforaphane attenuates obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and activating the AMPK pathway in obese mice by Choi KM1, Lee YS1, Kim W1, Kim SJ2, Shin KO1, Yu JY3, Lee MK1, Lee YM1, Hong JT1, Yun YP1, Yoo HS4.(PubMed)(2) Chronic sulforaphane oral treatment accentuates blood glucose impairment and may affect GLUT3 expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of rats fed with a highly palatable diet by Souza CG1, Riboldi BP, Hansen F, Moreira JD, Souza DG, de Assis AM, Brum LM, Perry ML, Souza DO.(PubMed)
(3) Sulforaphane induced adipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase activation, regulated by AMPK signaling pathway by Lee JH1, Moon MH, Jeong JK, Park YG, Lee YJ, Seol JW, Park SY.(PubMed)
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