By Kyle J. Norton
Phytochemicals, the natural chemical
constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their
outer's color. Phytochemicals may be next potential sources of new
medicine for treatment of
diseases with little or no side effects.
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
1. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Brain Cancer
Brain and spinal cord make up the nervous system. Brain and Spinal Cord
tumors originating is not very common. Most primary tumors are caused
by abnormal cells growth that surround and support neurons, with a small
number may be caused by gene defect from exposure to radiation or
toxic chemicals. Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors
are cancerous. More than 190.000 people in US are diagnosed with a
brain tumor each year alone.
The benefits
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) found in various cruciferous vegetables, beside has shown the inhibition of leukemia HL-60, bladder cancer UM-UC-3 and colon cancer HT-29 cells in vitro, it also significantly decreased proliferation and viability of human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) may be another potential source of anti-human brain malignant glioma drug. Other study insisted that intake of Allyl isothiocyanate
(AITC) may reduce the risk of cancer but AITC at high-dose levels also
exhibit a low degree of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but unlikely in
humans exposed to dietary levels of AITC.
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate triggers G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human brain
malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells through a mitochondria-dependent
pathway by Chen NG, Chen KT, Lu CC, Lan YH, Lai CH, Chung YT, Yang JS,
Lin YC.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical by Zhang Y.(PubMed)
2. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Bladder Cancer
The bladder is a hollow elastic organ in the center of the lower abdomen that collects urine from the kidneys and excreted them through the urethra.
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as
frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the
bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary
bladder cells.
The benefits
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) found in Cruciferous vegetables and celecoxib effects in modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) oncogenic activity has been well documented in bladder cancer
and other cancers. The combination showed the effectiveness in reduced risk of bladder cancer due to their associated
with depletion of prostaglandin E2, a key downstream signaling molecule
of Cox-2, caspase activation and downregulation of vascular endothelial
growth factor in the tumor tissues. In other study, the N-acetylcysteine
conjugate (NAC-AITC) is found to be significant inhibition of cell
growth and proliferation in human bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells or rat bladder cancer AY-27 cells with NAC-AITC at 15 μM.
References
1. Enhanced inhibition of urinary bladder cancer growth and muscle
invasion by allyl isothiocyanate and celecoxib in combination by
Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y(PubMed)
(2) The principal urinary metabolite of allyl isothiocyanate,
N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)cysteine, inhibits the growth and
muscle invasion of bladder cancer by Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Geng F,
Munday R, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
3. Allyl isothiocyanate and liver cancers
Liver cancer is defined as a condition of irregular cell growth in the liver.
In SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells, Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) showed to
exhibit anti liver cancer effect through suppressing tumor cell
migration and cell behaviors via MMP expression(1). The phytochemical
together with its N-acetylcysteine conjugate also showed the reversal
of transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in dose-dependent manner also
through inhibition of MMP-2/-9 messenger RNA levels(2). Unfortunately,
some researchers suggested that Organosulfur compounds, may
induced histone acetylation expression and thereby favor cell
differentiation(3).
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate influences cell adhesion, migration and metalloproteinase gene expression in SK-Hep1 cells by Hwang ES1, Kim GH.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate and its
N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress metastasis via inhibition of
invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activities in
SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells by Hwang ES1, Lee HJ.(PubMed)
(3) Induction of histone acetylation in rat liver and hepatoma by organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide by Lea MA1, Randolph VM.(PubMed)
4. Allyl isothiocyanate and Colorectal Cancer
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells
in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2
parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the
digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel which
consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water
from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in
the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and
reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly
growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.
In HT-29 colorectal cell line, phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate, showed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer
cells by induced blocking cell division associated with disruption of
alpha-tubulin(1). The phytochemical also found to inhibit the same cell
line through suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the the mucus layer that
lines the intestinesof rats(2).
Dr. Musk SR. and Dr. Johnson IT. at the AFRC Institute of Food Research,
Norwich Laboratory suggested that AITC exert its cytotoxic
and cytostatic effects against the development of colorectal cancer by selectively inhibiting the growth of transformed cell clones within the gastrointestinal mucosa(3).
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References
(1) Allyl-isothiocyanate causes mitotic block, loss of cell adhesion and disrupted cytoskeletal structure in HT29 cells by Smith TK1, Lund EK, Parker ML, Clarke RG, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate selectively kills undifferentiated HT29 cells in vitro and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa by Smith T1, Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(3) Allyl isothiocyanate is selectively toxic to transformed cells of the human colorectal tumour line HT29 by Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
5. Allyl isothiocyanate and Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the
cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth
which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers
are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be
detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
In PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts,
ATIC found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables exhibited its anti
prostate cancer effect through apoptosis and reducing
cell proliferative activity(1). The University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine study also supported the above but insisted that ATIC inhibits prostate
cancer through cell cycle arrest (G2/M)and induced apoptosis(2) and The
State University of New Jersey, showed the inhibition through ERK and
JNK signaling pathways(cellular processes in regulation
of Proliferation, Differentiation, Survival and Apoptosis)
involvement in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death(3)
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo by Srivastava SK1, Xiao D, Lew KL, Hershberger P, Kokkinakis DM, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by causing G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis vy Xiao D1, Srivastava SK, Lew KL, Zeng Y, Hershberger P, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(3) ERK and JNK signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of
activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in
human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by Xu C1, Shen G, Yuan X, Kim JH, Gopalkrishnan A, Keum YS, Nair S, Kong AN.(PubMed)
Wednesday, 21 May 2014
Simple and Easy Recipe - Broil pears with yogurt
Recipe Contributed by 4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 2
2 pears, halved lengthwise and cored
1/4 cup of yogurt (flavor of your choice)
Preheat the broiler. Broil pears cut sides up to 3 minutes or until soft. Top with yogurt.
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Serve 2
2 pears, halved lengthwise and cored
1/4 cup of yogurt (flavor of your choice)
Preheat the broiler. Broil pears cut sides up to 3 minutes or until soft. Top with yogurt.
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Herbal Chamomile and anti inflammatory effect
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of
many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has
been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce
cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and
bloating in the intestine, etc.
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In the study at Case Western Reserve University, chamomile showed to exhibit its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression via inhibiting RelA/p65 activation(1). The study of whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway, showed a positive effect of the herb in inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and causation of reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression(2),
The study of supplement containing 2 flavonoids (>95% pure), luteolin (100 mg/capsule, from chamomile) and quercetin (70 mg/capsule), and the quercetin glycoside rutin (30 mg/capsule) from the Sophora japonica leaf, formulated in olive kernel oil to increase oral absorption, suggested that that the combination of the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin seemed to be effective in reducing ASD symptoms, with no major adverse effects through it anti inflammatory activities(3)
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References
(1) Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity by Bhaskaran N1, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(2) Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity by Srivastava JK1, Pandey M, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(3) An open-label pilot study of a formulation containing the anti-inflammatory flavonoid luteolin and its effects on behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders by Taliou A1, Zintzaras E, Lykouras L, Francis K.(PubMed)
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In the study at Case Western Reserve University, chamomile showed to exhibit its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression via inhibiting RelA/p65 activation(1). The study of whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway, showed a positive effect of the herb in inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and causation of reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression(2),
The study of supplement containing 2 flavonoids (>95% pure), luteolin (100 mg/capsule, from chamomile) and quercetin (70 mg/capsule), and the quercetin glycoside rutin (30 mg/capsule) from the Sophora japonica leaf, formulated in olive kernel oil to increase oral absorption, suggested that that the combination of the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin seemed to be effective in reducing ASD symptoms, with no major adverse effects through it anti inflammatory activities(3)
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References
(1) Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity by Bhaskaran N1, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(2) Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity by Srivastava JK1, Pandey M, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(3) An open-label pilot study of a formulation containing the anti-inflammatory flavonoid luteolin and its effects on behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders by Taliou A1, Zintzaras E, Lykouras L, Francis K.(PubMed)
Tuesday, 20 May 2014
Herbal Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa)
Cat's claw found in in the tropical jungles of South and Central
America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It has
been used in traditional medicine over two thousand years as a tonic,
contraceptive, anti-inflammatory and infectious agent, and to treat
diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne, diabetes, cancer and diseases of
the urinary tract, etc..
Ingredients
The chemical constustuents of Cat's claw include, ajmalicine, akuammigine, campesterol, catechin, carboxyl alkyl esters, chlorogenic acid, cinchonain, corynantheine, corynoxeine, daucosterol, epicatechin, harman, hirsuteine, hirsutine, iso-pteropodine, etc.
1. Cat's claw and cancers
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
The benefits
Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), the popular herb has emerged in scientific community in searching of organic chemical constistuents in treating cancers. Study of ethanol extract from the bark of the herb in different concentrations is found to be effective in inhibiting proliferation of cervical carcinoma, breast carcinoma and lung carcinoma (A-549) with little of adverse effects. In the isolation of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline from the dried inner bark of Cat's claw, concentrations of mitraphylline (5 microM to 40 microM) inhibited the proliferation of human Ewing's sarcoma MHH-ES-1 and breast cancer MT-3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. With that result in mind, the herb may be a potential agent in treating certain types of human cancers in the future.
References
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) Anticancer activity of the Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. preparations with different oxindole alkaloid composition by Pilarski R, Filip B, Wietrzyk J, Kuraś M, Gulewicz K.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines, by García Giménez D, García Prado E, Sáenz Rodríguez T, Fernández Arche A, De la Puerta R.(PubMed)
2. Cat's claw and Breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
The benefits
Claw's claw has been used in folk medicine in South-American history for treatment of cancers, arthritis, gastritis and epidemic diseases. In previous article, Cat's claw has exerted its anti breast caner activity in MT-3 cell lines as well as some other forms of cancers, but in other study of some extracts and their chromatographic fractions from Cat's claw, researcher found that beside possessed antimutagenic activity, the extracts and fractions also consisted a direct antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, with about 90% of inhibition at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.
3. Herbal Cat's claw and osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a group of diseases involved progressive denegation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
In the study to understand the effect of Cat's claw isolated active compounds against the pivotal molecular targets involved in inflammation and the joint destruction process and to summarize their toxicities and efficacy, showed a positive effect in alleviation pain with no adverse effect(1).
Dr. Chrubasik S. at Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Freiburg, in the study of Cat's claw analgesics, found a the positive effect of the herb extract (Doloteffin (extraction solvent water))in relieving symptoms of chronic pain with at least 50 mg harpagoside in the daily dose(2).
Further more, the reviews of 16 clinical studies (11 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, three crossover trials, one case-controlled study, and one open-label study) at Bethesda North Hospital Pharmacy, showed the support of cat's claw alone or in combination for OA in 3 studies(3).
These effectiveness may be coincided with the use of herb in herbal medicine over thousand of year in treating disorders such as arthritis, gastritis and osteoarthritis(4).
Unfortunately, the study in reviews the data base by the University of Southampton, showed a doubt
of the methodological quality of the existing clinical trials and insisted that clinical evidence to date cannot provide a definitive answer to the two questions posed: (1) Does it work? And (2) is it safe?, although these trials may provide certain supports for effectiveness of the herb(5).
References
(1) Current nutraceuticals in the management of osteoarthritis: a review by Akhtar N1, Haqqi TM.(PubMed)
(2) [Devil's claw extract as an example of the effectiveness of herbal analgesics].[Article in German]
4. Herbal Cat's claw as Antioxidants
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
Herbal Cat's claw has found to be efficacy for treatment of osteoarthritis, probably through its anti inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
According to the, oral administration of Cat's claw protected against indomethacin-induced gastritis, and prevented TNFalpha mRNA(proteins are key regulators of T-cell activation, migration, and proliferation) expression and apoptosis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities(1).
Pteropodine, a chemical compound isolated from Cat's claw, showed to exert its cytostatic, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties in DPPH assay(2).
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the Uncaria tomentosa bark, in the study at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, supported the antioxidant effect of the extract with the most in total phenolic compounds of the alcoholic preparations butmay cause undesirable gastric effects(3).
Other chemical compound, proanthocyanidins found in the decoctions prepared from the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) also was found to exert its high capacity to reduce the free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, and by its reaction with superoxide anion, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals as well as with the oxidant species, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid(4).
References
(1) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content by Sandoval M1, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ, Condezo LA, Lao J, Angeles' FM, Musah RA, Bobrowski P, Miller MJ.(PubMed)
(2) Antigenotoxic, antioxidant and lymphocyte induction effects produced by pteropodine by Paniagua-Pérez R1, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Molina-Jasso D, Reyes-Cadena S, Alvarez-González I, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pérez-Gallaga J.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC by Pilarski R1, Zieliński H, Ciesiołka D, Gulewicz K.(PubMed)
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Reference
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line bt Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.(PubMed)
(3) Cat's claw: an Amazonian vine decreases inflammation in osteoarthritis by Hardin SR.(PubMed)
(4) Antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa bark decoction: a mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity by Gonçalves C1, Dinis T, Batista MT.(PubMed)
Side effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction, including itching, rash and allergic inflammation of the kidneys, etc. to certain people, according to the article of `Uncaria Tomentosa`by Wikipedia(a)
2. If you are taking blood pressure medicines, blood-thinning medications, hormones, or insulin do not take cat's claw
3. Do not take Cat's claw if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval of your related field specialist
4. Do not take cat’s claw if you have low blood pressure or an autoimmune disease (such as lupus or multiple sclerosis) or have had an organ or bone marrow transplant.
5. Etc.
Ingredients
The chemical constustuents of Cat's claw include, ajmalicine, akuammigine, campesterol, catechin, carboxyl alkyl esters, chlorogenic acid, cinchonain, corynantheine, corynoxeine, daucosterol, epicatechin, harman, hirsuteine, hirsutine, iso-pteropodine, etc.
1. Cat's claw and cancers
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
The benefits
Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), the popular herb has emerged in scientific community in searching of organic chemical constistuents in treating cancers. Study of ethanol extract from the bark of the herb in different concentrations is found to be effective in inhibiting proliferation of cervical carcinoma, breast carcinoma and lung carcinoma (A-549) with little of adverse effects. In the isolation of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline from the dried inner bark of Cat's claw, concentrations of mitraphylline (5 microM to 40 microM) inhibited the proliferation of human Ewing's sarcoma MHH-ES-1 and breast cancer MT-3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. With that result in mind, the herb may be a potential agent in treating certain types of human cancers in the future.
References
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) Anticancer activity of the Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. preparations with different oxindole alkaloid composition by Pilarski R, Filip B, Wietrzyk J, Kuraś M, Gulewicz K.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines, by García Giménez D, García Prado E, Sáenz Rodríguez T, Fernández Arche A, De la Puerta R.(PubMed)
2. Cat's claw and Breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
The benefits
Claw's claw has been used in folk medicine in South-American history for treatment of cancers, arthritis, gastritis and epidemic diseases. In previous article, Cat's claw has exerted its anti breast caner activity in MT-3 cell lines as well as some other forms of cancers, but in other study of some extracts and their chromatographic fractions from Cat's claw, researcher found that beside possessed antimutagenic activity, the extracts and fractions also consisted a direct antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, with about 90% of inhibition at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.
3. Herbal Cat's claw and osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a group of diseases involved progressive denegation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
In the study to understand the effect of Cat's claw isolated active compounds against the pivotal molecular targets involved in inflammation and the joint destruction process and to summarize their toxicities and efficacy, showed a positive effect in alleviation pain with no adverse effect(1).
Dr. Chrubasik S. at Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Freiburg, in the study of Cat's claw analgesics, found a the positive effect of the herb extract (Doloteffin (extraction solvent water))in relieving symptoms of chronic pain with at least 50 mg harpagoside in the daily dose(2).
Further more, the reviews of 16 clinical studies (11 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, three crossover trials, one case-controlled study, and one open-label study) at Bethesda North Hospital Pharmacy, showed the support of cat's claw alone or in combination for OA in 3 studies(3).
These effectiveness may be coincided with the use of herb in herbal medicine over thousand of year in treating disorders such as arthritis, gastritis and osteoarthritis(4).
Unfortunately, the study in reviews the data base by the University of Southampton, showed a doubt
of the methodological quality of the existing clinical trials and insisted that clinical evidence to date cannot provide a definitive answer to the two questions posed: (1) Does it work? And (2) is it safe?, although these trials may provide certain supports for effectiveness of the herb(5).
References
(1) Current nutraceuticals in the management of osteoarthritis: a review by Akhtar N1, Haqqi TM.(PubMed)
(2) [Devil's claw extract as an example of the effectiveness of herbal analgesics].[Article in German]
by Chrubasik S.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidants and antiinflammatory dietary supplements for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by Rosenbaum CC1, O'Mathúna DP, Chavez M, Shields K.(PubMed)
(4) Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) as a treatment for osteoarthritis: a review of efficacy and safety by Brien S1, Lewith GT, McGregor G.(PubMed)4. Herbal Cat's claw as Antioxidants
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
Herbal Cat's claw has found to be efficacy for treatment of osteoarthritis, probably through its anti inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
According to the, oral administration of Cat's claw protected against indomethacin-induced gastritis, and prevented TNFalpha mRNA(proteins are key regulators of T-cell activation, migration, and proliferation) expression and apoptosis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities(1).
Pteropodine, a chemical compound isolated from Cat's claw, showed to exert its cytostatic, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties in DPPH assay(2).
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the Uncaria tomentosa bark, in the study at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, supported the antioxidant effect of the extract with the most in total phenolic compounds of the alcoholic preparations butmay cause undesirable gastric effects(3).
Other chemical compound, proanthocyanidins found in the decoctions prepared from the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) also was found to exert its high capacity to reduce the free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, and by its reaction with superoxide anion, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals as well as with the oxidant species, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid(4).
References
(1) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content by Sandoval M1, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ, Condezo LA, Lao J, Angeles' FM, Musah RA, Bobrowski P, Miller MJ.(PubMed)
(2) Antigenotoxic, antioxidant and lymphocyte induction effects produced by pteropodine by Paniagua-Pérez R1, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Molina-Jasso D, Reyes-Cadena S, Alvarez-González I, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pérez-Gallaga J.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC by Pilarski R1, Zieliński H, Ciesiołka D, Gulewicz K.(PubMed)
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
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Reference
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line bt Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.(PubMed)
(3) Cat's claw: an Amazonian vine decreases inflammation in osteoarthritis by Hardin SR.(PubMed)
(4) Antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa bark decoction: a mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity by Gonçalves C1, Dinis T, Batista MT.(PubMed)
Side effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction, including itching, rash and allergic inflammation of the kidneys, etc. to certain people, according to the article of `Uncaria Tomentosa`by Wikipedia(a)
2. If you are taking blood pressure medicines, blood-thinning medications, hormones, or insulin do not take cat's claw
3. Do not take Cat's claw if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval of your related field specialist
4. Do not take cat’s claw if you have low blood pressure or an autoimmune disease (such as lupus or multiple sclerosis) or have had an organ or bone marrow transplant.
5. Etc.
Herbal cayenne and Allergic Rhinitis
Cayenne is also known as Cayenne Pepper, a red, hot
chili pepper, belonging to Capsicum annuum, the family Solanaceae,
native to sub-tropical and tropical regions. It has been used in
traditional medicine to increases metabolism, enhance circulatory
system and stomach and the intestinal tract, adjust blood pressure,
lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, treat frostbite, muscles,
arthritis, rheumatism, low back pain, strains, sprains, bruises and
neuralgia, etc.
Nonallergic rhinitisis defined as condition with symptoms resemble an allergy causes of ahiitis but without a known cause. Chronic forms of rhinitis occurred in the absence of any detectable specific IgE against relevant aeroallergens in its broadest sense can be called chronic nonallergic rhinitis(1).
Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cayenne include capsaicin, capsacutin oil, solaine, xanthenes, oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.
Non allergic rhinitis
ICX72 or Sinus Buster, a proprietary homeopathic preparation of Capsicum annum, showed to exhibit significant differences in changes from baseline and improvement in nasal congestion, sinus pain, sinus pressure, and headache, at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes, persisting at 60 minutes for nasal congestion and sinus pain inpatients with Nonallergic rhinitis(2).
The intranasal capsaicin spray, also showed a significant and long-term reduction of symptoms in nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis patients, and five treatments of capsaicin on a single day at least is comparable to five treatments of capsaicin in 2 weeks, in a 30 nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis patients randomized into two different treatment regimens: one group received capsaicin five times on the first day at 1-h intervals.(3)
The Side Effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction in young children
2. It may also cause hypertensive response if overdosed.
3. It may promote symptoms of acute anal fissure.
4. It may cause burning sensation to certain people in the first taste
5. Do not use cayenne pepper in young children
6. Etc.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
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References
(1) Nonallergic rhinitis by Lieberman P1, Pattanaik D.(PubMed)
(2) A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial comparing capsaicin nasal spray with placebo in subjects with a significant component of nonallergic rhinitis by Bernstein JA1, Davis BP, Picard JK, Cooper JP, Zheng S, Levin LS.(PubMed)
(3) Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double-blind randomized application regimen study by Van Rijswijk JB1, Boeke EL, Keizer JM, Mulder PG, Blom HM, Fokkens WJ.(PubMed)
Nonallergic rhinitisis defined as condition with symptoms resemble an allergy causes of ahiitis but without a known cause. Chronic forms of rhinitis occurred in the absence of any detectable specific IgE against relevant aeroallergens in its broadest sense can be called chronic nonallergic rhinitis(1).
Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cayenne include capsaicin, capsacutin oil, solaine, xanthenes, oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.
Non allergic rhinitis
ICX72 or Sinus Buster, a proprietary homeopathic preparation of Capsicum annum, showed to exhibit significant differences in changes from baseline and improvement in nasal congestion, sinus pain, sinus pressure, and headache, at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes, persisting at 60 minutes for nasal congestion and sinus pain inpatients with Nonallergic rhinitis(2).
The intranasal capsaicin spray, also showed a significant and long-term reduction of symptoms in nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis patients, and five treatments of capsaicin on a single day at least is comparable to five treatments of capsaicin in 2 weeks, in a 30 nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis patients randomized into two different treatment regimens: one group received capsaicin five times on the first day at 1-h intervals.(3)
The Side Effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction in young children
2. It may also cause hypertensive response if overdosed.
3. It may promote symptoms of acute anal fissure.
4. It may cause burning sensation to certain people in the first taste
5. Do not use cayenne pepper in young children
6. Etc.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(1) Nonallergic rhinitis by Lieberman P1, Pattanaik D.(PubMed)
(2) A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial comparing capsaicin nasal spray with placebo in subjects with a significant component of nonallergic rhinitis by Bernstein JA1, Davis BP, Picard JK, Cooper JP, Zheng S, Levin LS.(PubMed)
(3) Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double-blind randomized application regimen study by Van Rijswijk JB1, Boeke EL, Keizer JM, Mulder PG, Blom HM, Fokkens WJ.(PubMed)
Food Therapy - Avocado and Breast cancer
Avocados are a commercially
valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the
world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after
harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and
Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Persin, the toxin chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of avocado showed to inhubut huamn breast cancer cell line, in the testing of synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin(1). In support to the above, researchers at the Gavan institution, suggested that persin could be given together with commonly used breast cancer drugs like tamoxifen, which seem to act in a different way, patients would benefit by needing smaller amounts of each type of medicine. Indeed, in the laboratory, persin and tamoxifen look to be a good combination(2). Other member of Persea, Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member from the same genus with avocado, in the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, in the testing against MCF-7 Cells showed that its bark methanolic crude extract (PDM) inhibit cell cycle arrest and subsquently induced apoptosis through increased the expression of the proapoptotic molecule, Bax(pro-apoptosis), but decreased the expression of prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 (pro-apoptotic oranti-apoptotic) and Bcl-xL(pro- and anti-survival protein) in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Side effects1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin, itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.
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References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed)
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Persin, the toxin chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of avocado showed to inhubut huamn breast cancer cell line, in the testing of synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin(1). In support to the above, researchers at the Gavan institution, suggested that persin could be given together with commonly used breast cancer drugs like tamoxifen, which seem to act in a different way, patients would benefit by needing smaller amounts of each type of medicine. Indeed, in the laboratory, persin and tamoxifen look to be a good combination(2). Other member of Persea, Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member from the same genus with avocado, in the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, in the testing against MCF-7 Cells showed that its bark methanolic crude extract (PDM) inhibit cell cycle arrest and subsquently induced apoptosis through increased the expression of the proapoptotic molecule, Bax(pro-apoptosis), but decreased the expression of prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 (pro-apoptotic oranti-apoptotic) and Bcl-xL(pro- and anti-survival protein) in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Side effects1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin, itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed)
Simple and Quick recipe - Broil Grapefruit
Recipe by 4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 2
2 medium grapefruit (Ruby red and Rio red are sweeter varieties)
1 tsp. honey
1 tsp. brown sugar
6 ounces vanilla yogurt
Preheat the broiler. Haves each grapefruit and carefully loosen's segments with a sharp knife. Combined honey and brown sugar. Place grapefruit in a small ovenproof dish and drizzle with honey sugar mixture. Broil for 3 to 4 minutes, or until slightly browned. Serve with yogurt.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
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Serve 2
2 medium grapefruit (Ruby red and Rio red are sweeter varieties)
1 tsp. honey
1 tsp. brown sugar
6 ounces vanilla yogurt
Preheat the broiler. Haves each grapefruit and carefully loosen's segments with a sharp knife. Combined honey and brown sugar. Place grapefruit in a small ovenproof dish and drizzle with honey sugar mixture. Broil for 3 to 4 minutes, or until slightly browned. Serve with yogurt.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to 1000 free AND HEALTHY recipes and counting
http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
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