Colitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum and rectum.
I. Types of Colitis
According to the study by Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, types of colitis include
microscopic colitis, ischemic colitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticula, radiation colitis, diversion colitis, eosinophilic colitis and Behcet's colitis(a).
II. Symptoms
1. Adnomial pain and Diarrhea
There is a report of a 25-year-old Iranian gentleman was admitted to hospital with severe bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain
as a result of herbal induced weight loss adversed effects. On flexible
sigmoidoscopy, a continuous length of congested mucosa with multiple
small ulcers was seen extending up to the mid-transverse colon, in
keeping with ulcerative colitis, according to the study by
Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust(1)
2. Bleeding per rectum
Acute ischaemic colitis (AIC) is being increasingly recognised as an uncommon cause of abdominal pain associated with fresh bleeding per rectum and and diarrhoea, according to the study by University Central Hospital(2).
3. Distention with bloody diarrhea
The typical clinical presentation is acute sudden abdominal pain and distention with bloody diarrhea(3).
4. Abdominal bloating and flatulence
In the study to estimate the prevalence of microscopic colitis
and SIBO in patients with IBS, to evaluate the symptoms and the
efficacy of treatment found that out of the 132 patients initially
diagnosed with IBS 3% (n=4) had microscopic colitis and 43.9% (n=58) had SIBO. Diarrhea was the main symptom in patients with microscopic colitis and SIBO (p=0.041), while abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and flatulence were prominent in IBS patients (p=0.042; p=0.039; p=0.048)(4).
5. Changes in bowel habits
Abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, and changes in bowel habits are common presenting symptoms in individuals with functional GI disorders(5).
6. Fever and severe dehidration
There is a report of a 19-year-old man with a 1-year history of ulcerative colitis presented with fever,
bloody diarrhea and severe dehidration. He was on po.48 mg
methylprednisolon and 3 g mesalazine daily, and has recently finished
taking chlarythromycin for Campylobacter jejuni infection(6).
7. Urgency
In the study to examine the differing perspectives and perceptual gaps relating to ulcerative colitis (UC) symptoms and their management between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), indicated that fifty-five
percent of patients stated that UC symptoms over the past year had
affected their quality of life, while physicians and nurses estimated
that 35% to 37% of patients would have a reduced quality of life over
the same period. Patients ranked urgency and pain as the most bothersome symptoms(7)
8. Other symptoms
There is a report of a case of a 51-year-old Caucasian male who was evaluated for abdominal pain, elevated liver enzymes, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, severe peripheral arthralgias, and chronic watery diarrhea as result of granulomatous enterocolitis. due to Sarcoidosis(8). Other study conducted by Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with rats in the model group showed lethargy, poor appetite, loss of energy, diarrhea and bloody stool(9).
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23208963
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23291814
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1759791
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10223095
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23272525
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577375
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398071
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22894661
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23256126
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22883409
Tuesday, 3 December 2013
Duodenitis Treatment In Traditional Chinese medicine perspective
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to the article of Herbs and Foods to Help Cure Naturally by NFA clinic of Oriental Medicine, epigastric pain including peptic ulcers is mostly the result of metabolic imbalance among liver, stomach and spleen. The function of one organ is depending on the function of another organs in Oriental medicine. They are understood not only by its function but also by its relationship with others. The article also suggested that Lu Hui, Yi Tang are ideal herbs to treat peptic ulcers
1. Lu Hui (Aloe Vera), the bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to drain fire and guides out accumulation: for (chronic) constipation, strengthens the Stomach and kills parasites, clears heat and cools the Liver: for epigastric discomfort, enhancinmg the functions of Large Intestine, Liver, Stomach channels. Cautions: due to its cold property, dosage should be made considering the constitution of each patients. Some persons show allergy reaction to aloe vera
2. Yi tang (Honey), the sweet, slightly warm herb has been sued in TCM to tonifie the Spleen, the middle burner Qi (stomach and spleen), alleviate pain, moisten the Lungs and stops cough by enhancing the functions of Lung, Spleen, Stomach channels.
3. Gan Cao (Licorice) the sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM to tonifie the Spleen, moisten the Lungs, stop coughing, clear heat and relieves fire toxicity, moderates spasms and alleviates pain, by enhancing the functions of all 12 channels(43).
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Sources
(43) http://www.needlefreeacupuncture.net/peptic_ulcer.pdf
In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to the article of Herbs and Foods to Help Cure Naturally by NFA clinic of Oriental Medicine, epigastric pain including peptic ulcers is mostly the result of metabolic imbalance among liver, stomach and spleen. The function of one organ is depending on the function of another organs in Oriental medicine. They are understood not only by its function but also by its relationship with others. The article also suggested that Lu Hui, Yi Tang are ideal herbs to treat peptic ulcers
1. Lu Hui (Aloe Vera), the bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to drain fire and guides out accumulation: for (chronic) constipation, strengthens the Stomach and kills parasites, clears heat and cools the Liver: for epigastric discomfort, enhancinmg the functions of Large Intestine, Liver, Stomach channels. Cautions: due to its cold property, dosage should be made considering the constitution of each patients. Some persons show allergy reaction to aloe vera
2. Yi tang (Honey), the sweet, slightly warm herb has been sued in TCM to tonifie the Spleen, the middle burner Qi (stomach and spleen), alleviate pain, moisten the Lungs and stops cough by enhancing the functions of Lung, Spleen, Stomach channels.
3. Gan Cao (Licorice) the sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM to tonifie the Spleen, moisten the Lungs, stop coughing, clear heat and relieves fire toxicity, moderates spasms and alleviates pain, by enhancing the functions of all 12 channels(43).
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Sources
(43) http://www.needlefreeacupuncture.net/peptic_ulcer.pdf
Duodenitis Treatment In Herbal medicine perspective
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
In herbal medicine perspective
1. Herbal combination of Symphitum officinalis and Calendula officinalis
In a study of a total of 170 patients were treated--137 only with the herb combination of Symphitum officinalis and Calendula officinalis of (78 with duodenal ulcer and 59 with gastroduodenitis), 33--with the herb combination together with antacid (21 with duodenal ulcer and 12 with gastroduodenitis), Dr. Chakŭrski I and the team found that the spontaneous pains disappeared in 90 per cent of the patients--in the group with and in the group without antacid, the dyspeptic complaints faded in over 85 per cent but in the patients, treated with herbs and antacid the mentioned complaints disappeared several days earlier. The palpitation pains, in both groups, disappeared in more than 90 per cent of the patients within the same time. Gastric acidity, in both groups, showed a statistically insignificant tendency to decrease prior and post treatment. The gastroscopically control revealed that the ulcer niche, in both groups, was healed in almost the same percentage of the patients(42)
2. Suggested Starting Formula(43)
Aloe vera juice 70 wt%
Cabbage juice 20 wt%
Honey 10 wt%
Dosage: 3 times a day before meal
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Sources
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7336704
In herbal medicine perspective
1. Herbal combination of Symphitum officinalis and Calendula officinalis
In a study of a total of 170 patients were treated--137 only with the herb combination of Symphitum officinalis and Calendula officinalis of (78 with duodenal ulcer and 59 with gastroduodenitis), 33--with the herb combination together with antacid (21 with duodenal ulcer and 12 with gastroduodenitis), Dr. Chakŭrski I and the team found that the spontaneous pains disappeared in 90 per cent of the patients--in the group with and in the group without antacid, the dyspeptic complaints faded in over 85 per cent but in the patients, treated with herbs and antacid the mentioned complaints disappeared several days earlier. The palpitation pains, in both groups, disappeared in more than 90 per cent of the patients within the same time. Gastric acidity, in both groups, showed a statistically insignificant tendency to decrease prior and post treatment. The gastroscopically control revealed that the ulcer niche, in both groups, was healed in almost the same percentage of the patients(42)
2. Suggested Starting Formula(43)
Aloe vera juice 70 wt%
Cabbage juice 20 wt%
Honey 10 wt%
Dosage: 3 times a day before meal
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
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Sources
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7336704
Duodenitis Treatment In conventional medicine perspective
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Treatment
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Antibiotics
If the causes of the disease is as a result of bacterial infection, then antibiotic is the primary choice of treatment such as, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin (Biaxin), Metronidazole (Flagyl), etc. for 14 days to prevent re-infection or recurrence. In the study to assess the duodenal infection by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is a common opportunistic disease in HIV-infected patients (Individuals with CD4 counts <50 cells/mm3 are at highest risk) found that the patient was treated with rifampicine, isoniazide, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in association with stavudine, lamuvidine and efavirenz. Despite improvement of general condition, fever persisted and the patient died after 40 days of treatment. The main symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever(41a).
Other in the study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with erosive duodenitis (ED), the associated gastric histological lesions and their response to eradication therapy with omeprazole plus two antibiotics, showed that a 1-week twice daily therapy with omeprazole plus two antibiotics (clarithromycin plus amoxycillin or metronidazole) was very effective in H. pylori eradication, duodenal erosion healing, symptomatic improvement, and in disappearance of associated histological gastritis. These observations suggest that ED should be considered a variant form of duodenal ulcer disease and treated accordingly(41b).
Side effects include yeast overgrowth, gastrointestinal trouble, etc.
A.2. Of the causes of the disease is as a result of elevated stomach acid, then medication include
1. Proton pump inhibitors
According to the study by Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), are characterized by high effectiveness, selectivity and few adverse events. Development of PPI was an important issue in aspect of acid-related diseases treatment. Nowadays following PPI are available on the market: omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and esomeprazole. In children these drugs are the most frequently use in gastritis and duodenitis, ulcer disease with coexistence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacokinetics of PPI is slightly different in children than in adults and so far there is a lack of randomised studies assessing the efficacy of PPI i developmental period medicine on numerous groups of patients(41c).
Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, dizziness, etc.
2. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists, such as, Cimetidine (Tagamet), Famotidine (Pepcid), Nizatidine (Axid), etc.
According to the study by Dr. Mackinnon M and research team, treatment with cimetidine for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms and in the endoscopic appearance of the duodenitis when compared to treatment with placebo. The symptomatic and endoscopic improvement, however, was not associated with any significant change in the histological grading of the duodenitis.
Side effects include headache, tiredness, dizziness, confusion, diarrhea, constipation, rash, etc(41d).
According to the Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, in the study of all the patients aged ≥ 20 years with a diagnosis of cirrhosis hospitalized for variceal bleeding and non-variceal upper GI adverse events (oesophageal, gastric, duodenal ulcer, bleeding; gastritis and duodenitis) in 2006, using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes from inpatient claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, found that Concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists tended to decrease the upper GI toxicity associated with non-selective NSAIDs and celecoxib(41f).
3. Proton pump inhibitors and low-dose aspirin
In the study to investigate the effect of histamin H₂ receptor antagonist (H₂RA) or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal lesions associated with low-dose aspirin, found that suggest that the combined administration of low-dose aspirin and PPI is effective for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal lesions associated with low-dose aspirin. Also, the pharmacists should be especially careful for upper gastrointestinal lesions development within two years after administration of low-dose aspirin, regardless of combined whether H₂RA or PPI(41e).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
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Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(41a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20099679
(41b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391784
(41c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17598663
(41d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7042248
(41e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372542
(41f) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226322
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7336704
Treatment
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Antibiotics
If the causes of the disease is as a result of bacterial infection, then antibiotic is the primary choice of treatment such as, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin (Biaxin), Metronidazole (Flagyl), etc. for 14 days to prevent re-infection or recurrence. In the study to assess the duodenal infection by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is a common opportunistic disease in HIV-infected patients (Individuals with CD4 counts <50 cells/mm3 are at highest risk) found that the patient was treated with rifampicine, isoniazide, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in association with stavudine, lamuvidine and efavirenz. Despite improvement of general condition, fever persisted and the patient died after 40 days of treatment. The main symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever(41a).
Other in the study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with erosive duodenitis (ED), the associated gastric histological lesions and their response to eradication therapy with omeprazole plus two antibiotics, showed that a 1-week twice daily therapy with omeprazole plus two antibiotics (clarithromycin plus amoxycillin or metronidazole) was very effective in H. pylori eradication, duodenal erosion healing, symptomatic improvement, and in disappearance of associated histological gastritis. These observations suggest that ED should be considered a variant form of duodenal ulcer disease and treated accordingly(41b).
Side effects include yeast overgrowth, gastrointestinal trouble, etc.
A.2. Of the causes of the disease is as a result of elevated stomach acid, then medication include
1. Proton pump inhibitors
According to the study by Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), are characterized by high effectiveness, selectivity and few adverse events. Development of PPI was an important issue in aspect of acid-related diseases treatment. Nowadays following PPI are available on the market: omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and esomeprazole. In children these drugs are the most frequently use in gastritis and duodenitis, ulcer disease with coexistence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacokinetics of PPI is slightly different in children than in adults and so far there is a lack of randomised studies assessing the efficacy of PPI i developmental period medicine on numerous groups of patients(41c).
Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, dizziness, etc.
2. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists, such as, Cimetidine (Tagamet), Famotidine (Pepcid), Nizatidine (Axid), etc.
According to the study by Dr. Mackinnon M and research team, treatment with cimetidine for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms and in the endoscopic appearance of the duodenitis when compared to treatment with placebo. The symptomatic and endoscopic improvement, however, was not associated with any significant change in the histological grading of the duodenitis.
Side effects include headache, tiredness, dizziness, confusion, diarrhea, constipation, rash, etc(41d).
According to the Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, in the study of all the patients aged ≥ 20 years with a diagnosis of cirrhosis hospitalized for variceal bleeding and non-variceal upper GI adverse events (oesophageal, gastric, duodenal ulcer, bleeding; gastritis and duodenitis) in 2006, using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes from inpatient claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, found that Concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists tended to decrease the upper GI toxicity associated with non-selective NSAIDs and celecoxib(41f).
3. Proton pump inhibitors and low-dose aspirin
In the study to investigate the effect of histamin H₂ receptor antagonist (H₂RA) or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal lesions associated with low-dose aspirin, found that suggest that the combined administration of low-dose aspirin and PPI is effective for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal lesions associated with low-dose aspirin. Also, the pharmacists should be especially careful for upper gastrointestinal lesions development within two years after administration of low-dose aspirin, regardless of combined whether H₂RA or PPI(41e).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(41a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20099679
(41b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391784
(41c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17598663
(41d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7042248
(41e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372542
(41f) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226322
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7336704
Duodenitis Prevention - The Diet
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Diet to prevent Duodentitis
1. Purple grape juices
In the evaluation of the protection of organic and conventional purple grape juices and theirs effect against the oxidative damage provoked by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) found that in the alkaline version of the comet assay performed on whole blood, it was observed that CCl(4) was capable of inducing mainly DNA damage class 4 and 3 frequencies, which was significantly reduced in groups that received both purple grape juices. This implies that both grape juices have an important antigenotoxic activity, according to "Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of purple grape juice--organic and conventional--in adult rats" by Dani C, Oliboni LS, Umezu FM, Pasquali MA, Salvador M, Moreira JC, Henriques JA(36).
2. Garden strawberry
In the observation of Ethanolic extract of Fragaria vesca (EFFV) of Fragaria vesca L. and its effect on Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) found that EFFV at 500 mg/kg showed significant amelioration of experimentally induced IBD, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to "Effect of fruit extract of Fragaria vesca L. on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in albino rats" by Kanodia L, Borgohain M, Das S.(37).
3. Lime
Since it contains high amount of flavonoid, it helps to improve the immune system fighting against forming of free radical causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Dietary intake of selected flavonols, flavones, and flavonoid-rich foods and risk of cancer in middle-aged and older women" by Wang L, Lee IM, Zhang SM, Blumberg JB, Buring JE, Sesso HD.(38).
4. Papaya leaves
In the assessment of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves and its anti-inflammatory activity effect found that the extracts significantly reduced the persistent oedema from the 4th day to the 10th day of the investigation. The extracts also produced slight mucosal irritation at high doses. The study establishes the anti-inflammatory activity of Carica papaya leaves, according to "Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves" by Owoyele BV, Adebukola OM, Funmilayo AA, Soladoye AO.(39).
5. Celery
High amount of vitamin C in celery helps to increase the immune function infighting against the forming of free radicals, and irregular cell growth causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Vitamin C and cancer: what can we conclude--1,609 patients and 33 years later?" by Cabanillas F.(40). Also High amount of flavonoid in celery helps to reduce the risk of oxidative stress as a result of its antioxidant activity, according to the study of "Influence of flavonoid extracts from celery on oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos in rats" by Cao J, Zhang X, Wang Q, Jia L, Zhang Y, Zhao X.(41).
6. Etc.
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Sources
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857077
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158208
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18759075
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20799507
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045891
Diet to prevent Duodentitis
1. Purple grape juices
In the evaluation of the protection of organic and conventional purple grape juices and theirs effect against the oxidative damage provoked by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) found that in the alkaline version of the comet assay performed on whole blood, it was observed that CCl(4) was capable of inducing mainly DNA damage class 4 and 3 frequencies, which was significantly reduced in groups that received both purple grape juices. This implies that both grape juices have an important antigenotoxic activity, according to "Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of purple grape juice--organic and conventional--in adult rats" by Dani C, Oliboni LS, Umezu FM, Pasquali MA, Salvador M, Moreira JC, Henriques JA(36).
2. Garden strawberry
In the observation of Ethanolic extract of Fragaria vesca (EFFV) of Fragaria vesca L. and its effect on Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) found that EFFV at 500 mg/kg showed significant amelioration of experimentally induced IBD, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to "Effect of fruit extract of Fragaria vesca L. on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in albino rats" by Kanodia L, Borgohain M, Das S.(37).
3. Lime
Since it contains high amount of flavonoid, it helps to improve the immune system fighting against forming of free radical causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Dietary intake of selected flavonols, flavones, and flavonoid-rich foods and risk of cancer in middle-aged and older women" by Wang L, Lee IM, Zhang SM, Blumberg JB, Buring JE, Sesso HD.(38).
4. Papaya leaves
In the assessment of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves and its anti-inflammatory activity effect found that the extracts significantly reduced the persistent oedema from the 4th day to the 10th day of the investigation. The extracts also produced slight mucosal irritation at high doses. The study establishes the anti-inflammatory activity of Carica papaya leaves, according to "Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves" by Owoyele BV, Adebukola OM, Funmilayo AA, Soladoye AO.(39).
5. Celery
High amount of vitamin C in celery helps to increase the immune function infighting against the forming of free radicals, and irregular cell growth causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Vitamin C and cancer: what can we conclude--1,609 patients and 33 years later?" by Cabanillas F.(40). Also High amount of flavonoid in celery helps to reduce the risk of oxidative stress as a result of its antioxidant activity, according to the study of "Influence of flavonoid extracts from celery on oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos in rats" by Cao J, Zhang X, Wang Q, Jia L, Zhang Y, Zhao X.(41).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857077
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158208
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18759075
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20799507
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045891
Duodenitis Prevention - The Antioxidants
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Antioxidant to prevent Duodenitis
The aim of antioxidants is to enhance the inmmue function ain fighting against invasion as result of bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of inflammation.
1. Quercetin
Since it contains high amount of antioxidants, onion enhances the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals and foreign invasion, thus eeducing the symptoms of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and gout and infection caused by bacteria, including E.coli and salmonella,etc., according to the study of Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of quercetin oxidation products from yellow onion (Allium cepa) skin.(30).
2. Bromelain
Today Pineapple is widely cultivated for commercial and its rich of vitamins and mineral and digesting enzyme bromelin which seems to help digestion at the end of a high protein meal. It is second only to banana as America's most favourite tropical fruit. In the classification of bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem and its effect in gastrointestinal tract, found that bromelain enzymes can remain intact and proteolytically active within the murine gastrointestinal tract. They provide further support for the hypothesis that oral bromelain may potentially modify inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract via local proteolytic activity within the colonic microenvironment, according to "Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice" by Hale LP.(31). Also Bromelain also increases the immune function in fighting the invasion of foreign substances such as bacteria and virus, thus decreasing the risk of inflammation and infection according to the study of "Bromelain treatment reduces CD25 expression on activated CD4+ T cells in vitro" by Secor ER Jr, Singh A, Guernsey LA, McNamara JT, Zhan L, Maulik N, Thrall RS., posted in PubMed(32).
3. Polyphenols
Polyphenols, one of more powerful form of antioxidant not only helps to improve the immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals and guarding our body from foreign invasion, such as virus and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and lessening the risk of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cause coronary heart disease, according to the study of "Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease" by Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi, posted in PubMed Central(33).
4. Catechins
Catechins are a category of polyphenols contained epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 25-100 times more potent than vitamins C and E that help to protect the body from oxidative damage by enhancing the immune function in fighting against forming of free radicals cause of cancer, according to the study of "Green tea catechins augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cancer" by Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ.(34).
5. LycopeneLycopene, one of the powerful antioxidant in tomatoes, not only helps the immune system in neutralizing the forming of free radicals in the body and according to Harvard investigation as it found that men who ate more than 10 servings tomato-based foods daily (like cooked tomatoes and tomato sauce,) had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than those who ate the least amount of these foods. The benefits of lycopene was more pronounced with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Also according to the study of "Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with lycopene in the TRAMP model" by Konijeti R, Henning S, Moro A, Sheikh A, Elashoff D, Shapiro A, Ku M, Said JW, Heber D, Cohen P, Aronson WJ.(35),.
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127724
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996417
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19162239
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835915/
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687227)
Antioxidant to prevent Duodenitis
The aim of antioxidants is to enhance the inmmue function ain fighting against invasion as result of bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of inflammation.
1. Quercetin
Since it contains high amount of antioxidants, onion enhances the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals and foreign invasion, thus eeducing the symptoms of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and gout and infection caused by bacteria, including E.coli and salmonella,etc., according to the study of Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of quercetin oxidation products from yellow onion (Allium cepa) skin.(30).
2. Bromelain
Today Pineapple is widely cultivated for commercial and its rich of vitamins and mineral and digesting enzyme bromelin which seems to help digestion at the end of a high protein meal. It is second only to banana as America's most favourite tropical fruit. In the classification of bromelain is a mixture of proteinases derived from pineapple stem and its effect in gastrointestinal tract, found that bromelain enzymes can remain intact and proteolytically active within the murine gastrointestinal tract. They provide further support for the hypothesis that oral bromelain may potentially modify inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract via local proteolytic activity within the colonic microenvironment, according to "Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice" by Hale LP.(31). Also Bromelain also increases the immune function in fighting the invasion of foreign substances such as bacteria and virus, thus decreasing the risk of inflammation and infection according to the study of "Bromelain treatment reduces CD25 expression on activated CD4+ T cells in vitro" by Secor ER Jr, Singh A, Guernsey LA, McNamara JT, Zhan L, Maulik N, Thrall RS., posted in PubMed(32).
3. Polyphenols
Polyphenols, one of more powerful form of antioxidant not only helps to improve the immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals and guarding our body from foreign invasion, such as virus and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and lessening the risk of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cause coronary heart disease, according to the study of "Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease" by Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi, posted in PubMed Central(33).
4. Catechins
Catechins are a category of polyphenols contained epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 25-100 times more potent than vitamins C and E that help to protect the body from oxidative damage by enhancing the immune function in fighting against forming of free radicals cause of cancer, according to the study of "Green tea catechins augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cancer" by Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ.(34).
5. LycopeneLycopene, one of the powerful antioxidant in tomatoes, not only helps the immune system in neutralizing the forming of free radicals in the body and according to Harvard investigation as it found that men who ate more than 10 servings tomato-based foods daily (like cooked tomatoes and tomato sauce,) had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than those who ate the least amount of these foods. The benefits of lycopene was more pronounced with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Also according to the study of "Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with lycopene in the TRAMP model" by Konijeti R, Henning S, Moro A, Sheikh A, Elashoff D, Shapiro A, Ku M, Said JW, Heber D, Cohen P, Aronson WJ.(35),.
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127724
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996417
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19162239
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835915/
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687227)
Duodenitis Prevention - The Phytochemicals
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Phytochemicals to prevent Duodenitis
The aim of phytochemicals is to enhance the inmmue function ain fighting against invasion as result of bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of inflammation
1. Gingerole
Gingerole, is also known as gingerol, a phytochemical of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found in fresh ginger. and in variety of other plants. The herb has been used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, motion sickness, rheumatoid arthritis, relieve migraine, etc. In the investigation of the effectiveness of chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae)in treating oxidative stress found that compounds [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol of the herb scavenges of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibitsof N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lipopolysaccharide induced nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells, according to the study of "Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol" by Dugasani S, Pichika MR, Nadarajah VD, Balijepalli MK, Tandra S, Korlakunta JN(23).
2. Rutin
Rutin also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin is a Flavonols, belong to Flavonoids (polyphenols) of Phenolic compounds found orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, berries mulberry, cranberries, buckwheat etc. In the investigation of Rutin, a natural flavone derivative and its anti inflammatory effect found that Oral administration of rutin reduced rat paw swelling starting 2 hours after lambda-carrageenan injection. Rutin reduced significantly (p < 0.05) and in a dose-dependant manner the polymorphonuclear neutrophils chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe, according to the study of "Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema, and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation" by Selloum L, Bouriche H, Tigrine C, Boudoukha C.(24).
3. Catechin
Catechin is phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, etc. In the research on polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed found that These berries seem to be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities, thus they may provide protection against a number of chronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, according to "Phenolic profile of edible honeysuckle berries (genus lonicera) and their biological effects" by Jurikova T, Rop O, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Balla S, Szekeres L, Hegedusova A, Hubalek J, Adam V, Kizek R.(25). Also in the preparation of the gel of Chinese medicine catechu, and to observe the release mechanism in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity in rats, found that the optimum condition of extraction from catechu was as follows, the concentration of ethanol, ratio of raw material to solvent, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature were 50% , 1: 12, 35 min and 60 degrees C, respectively. The formulation of catechu gel was carbomer-9 400.5 g, glycerol 5.0 g, the extracts of catechu 50.0 mL, and triethanomine 0.5 mL The gel was semitransparent and stable. The drugs released quickly. The catechu gel reduced the paw edema considerably in dose-dependent manner compared to carrageenan-induced rat, according to "[Preparation and pharmacodynamics studies on anti-inflammatory effect of catechu gel].[Article in Chinese]" by Zheng X, Zheng C.(26).
4. Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is a phytochemical in the class of Hydroxycinnamic acids, found abundantly in cinnamon, aloe. etc. In the sudy of the ulcer-preventive properties of aqueous extract of ginger rhizome (GRAE) belonging to the family Zingiberceae, found that compositional analysis favored by determination of the efficacy of individual phenolic acids towards their potential ulcer-preventive ability revealed that between cinnamic (50%) and gallic (46%) phenolic acids, cinnamic acid appear to contribute to better H(+), K(+)-ATPase and Helicobacter pylori inhibitory activity, while gallic acid contributes significantly to anti-oxidant activity, according to "Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H+, K+-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-oxidative Mechanism" by Nanjundaiah SM, Annaiah HN, M Dharmesh S.(27).
5. Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. In the observation of Resveratrol's effects in exhibition of several physiological activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in experimental animal models, as well as in humans, found that Anticancer activity of this compound is mainly due to induction of apoptosis via several pathways, as well as alteration of gene expressions, all leading to a decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of enzymes and pathways that produce mediators of inflammation and also induction of programmed cell death in activated immune cells. Resveratrol has been shown to produce no adverse effects, even when consumed at high concentrations, according to "Potential of resveratrol in anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy" by Udenigwe CC, Ramprasath VR, Aluko RE, Jones PJ.(28). Also in the study of implantation and growth of metastatic cancer cells at distant organs is promoted by inflammation-dependent mechanism, found that resveratrol remarkably inhibited hepatic retention and metastatic growth of melanoma cells by 50% and 75%, respectively. The mechanism involved IL-18 blockade at three levels: First, resveratrol prevented IL-18 augmentation in the blood of melanoma cell-infiltrated livers. Second, resveratrol inhibited IL-18-dependent expression of VCAM-1 by tumor-activated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, preventing melanoma cell adhesion to the microvasculature. Third, resveratrol inhibited adhesion- and proliferation-stimulating effects of IL-18 on metastatic melanoma cells through hydrogen peroxide-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB translocation blockade on these cells, according to "Resveratrol prevents inflammation-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18" by Salado C, Olaso E, Gallot N, Valcarcel M, Egilegor E, Mendoza L, Vidal-Vanaclocha F.(29).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22988262
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833188
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710715
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570992
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667005
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569399
Phytochemicals to prevent Duodenitis
The aim of phytochemicals is to enhance the inmmue function ain fighting against invasion as result of bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of inflammation
1. Gingerole
Gingerole, is also known as gingerol, a phytochemical of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found in fresh ginger. and in variety of other plants. The herb has been used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, motion sickness, rheumatoid arthritis, relieve migraine, etc. In the investigation of the effectiveness of chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae)in treating oxidative stress found that compounds [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol of the herb scavenges of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibitsof N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lipopolysaccharide induced nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells, according to the study of "Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol" by Dugasani S, Pichika MR, Nadarajah VD, Balijepalli MK, Tandra S, Korlakunta JN(23).
2. Rutin
Rutin also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin is a Flavonols, belong to Flavonoids (polyphenols) of Phenolic compounds found orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, berries mulberry, cranberries, buckwheat etc. In the investigation of Rutin, a natural flavone derivative and its anti inflammatory effect found that Oral administration of rutin reduced rat paw swelling starting 2 hours after lambda-carrageenan injection. Rutin reduced significantly (p < 0.05) and in a dose-dependant manner the polymorphonuclear neutrophils chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe, according to the study of "Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema, and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation" by Selloum L, Bouriche H, Tigrine C, Boudoukha C.(24).
3. Catechin
Catechin is phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, etc. In the research on polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed found that These berries seem to be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities, thus they may provide protection against a number of chronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, according to "Phenolic profile of edible honeysuckle berries (genus lonicera) and their biological effects" by Jurikova T, Rop O, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Balla S, Szekeres L, Hegedusova A, Hubalek J, Adam V, Kizek R.(25). Also in the preparation of the gel of Chinese medicine catechu, and to observe the release mechanism in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity in rats, found that the optimum condition of extraction from catechu was as follows, the concentration of ethanol, ratio of raw material to solvent, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature were 50% , 1: 12, 35 min and 60 degrees C, respectively. The formulation of catechu gel was carbomer-9 400.5 g, glycerol 5.0 g, the extracts of catechu 50.0 mL, and triethanomine 0.5 mL The gel was semitransparent and stable. The drugs released quickly. The catechu gel reduced the paw edema considerably in dose-dependent manner compared to carrageenan-induced rat, according to "[Preparation and pharmacodynamics studies on anti-inflammatory effect of catechu gel].[Article in Chinese]" by Zheng X, Zheng C.(26).
4. Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is a phytochemical in the class of Hydroxycinnamic acids, found abundantly in cinnamon, aloe. etc. In the sudy of the ulcer-preventive properties of aqueous extract of ginger rhizome (GRAE) belonging to the family Zingiberceae, found that compositional analysis favored by determination of the efficacy of individual phenolic acids towards their potential ulcer-preventive ability revealed that between cinnamic (50%) and gallic (46%) phenolic acids, cinnamic acid appear to contribute to better H(+), K(+)-ATPase and Helicobacter pylori inhibitory activity, while gallic acid contributes significantly to anti-oxidant activity, according to "Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H+, K+-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-oxidative Mechanism" by Nanjundaiah SM, Annaiah HN, M Dharmesh S.(27).
5. Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. In the observation of Resveratrol's effects in exhibition of several physiological activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in experimental animal models, as well as in humans, found that Anticancer activity of this compound is mainly due to induction of apoptosis via several pathways, as well as alteration of gene expressions, all leading to a decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of enzymes and pathways that produce mediators of inflammation and also induction of programmed cell death in activated immune cells. Resveratrol has been shown to produce no adverse effects, even when consumed at high concentrations, according to "Potential of resveratrol in anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy" by Udenigwe CC, Ramprasath VR, Aluko RE, Jones PJ.(28). Also in the study of implantation and growth of metastatic cancer cells at distant organs is promoted by inflammation-dependent mechanism, found that resveratrol remarkably inhibited hepatic retention and metastatic growth of melanoma cells by 50% and 75%, respectively. The mechanism involved IL-18 blockade at three levels: First, resveratrol prevented IL-18 augmentation in the blood of melanoma cell-infiltrated livers. Second, resveratrol inhibited IL-18-dependent expression of VCAM-1 by tumor-activated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, preventing melanoma cell adhesion to the microvasculature. Third, resveratrol inhibited adhesion- and proliferation-stimulating effects of IL-18 on metastatic melanoma cells through hydrogen peroxide-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB translocation blockade on these cells, according to "Resveratrol prevents inflammation-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18" by Salado C, Olaso E, Gallot N, Valcarcel M, Egilegor E, Mendoza L, Vidal-Vanaclocha F.(29).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22988262
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833188
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710715
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570992
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667005
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569399
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