Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Prevention
A. The do`s and do not`s list
1. Avoiding spicy foods
Prolonged intake spicy foods incinerates the risk of irritation and inflammation of the lining of stomach and duodenum.
2. Changes in food tolerance and lifestyle
If you develop Duodenitis as result of bacterial infection, changes in food tolerance and lifestyle can be helpful. The prevalence of food
intolerance decreased from 71% to 44% among patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (P <
0.0001) and from 76% to 63% among patients with duodenitis (G/D) (P = 0.09).
Tolerance improved for coffee, orange juice, fried foods, spicy foods and fruits, according to the study by Haukeland University Hospital(17).
3. Quit smoking
In the study to investigate whether cigarette smoking
has an additive effect on the clinical presentation and course of
disease in Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients, researchers
at the Tel Aviv University, indicated that Gastric and duodenal ulcers
were significantly less prevalent in
non-smokers than in current or past smokers (gastric 1.8%, 4.1%, 6.3%;
duodenal 39.8%, 50%, 51.4%, respectively) (P < 0.05). The incidence
of gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in non-smokers than
in current or past smokers (7.1%, 8.1% and 20.7%, respectively) (P <
0.05). Bacterial density, as assessed by the UBT value in 244 patients,
was higher in non-smokers (mean 352.3 +/- 273 units) than in past
smokers (mean 320.8 +/- 199) or current-smokers (mean 229.9 +/- 162) (P
< 0.05)(18).
4. Excessive alcohol drinking and stress
Excessive drinking and stress are associated with the risk of Duodenitis(19)(20).
5. Avoiding prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Ibuprofen and Aspirin
Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin, in some people,
it can lead to irritation causes of inflammation in the lining of the
duodenum(21).
6. Moderate exercise
Exercises can reduce stress at work and at home(22), thus, reducing the risk of Duodenitis.
7. Etc.
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Sources
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737441
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344768
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12898897
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9479996
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158085
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22988262
Tuesday, 3 December 2013
Duodenitis - The Diagnosis and Complications
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Diagnosis
After taking the family history, recording the symptoms and a complete physical examination, the most common test which your doctor order is Endoscopy.
The aim of the test is to allow your doctor to visualize the duodenum and it surrounding area to check for any abnormality, including shallow, eroded areas in the wall of the intestine, bleeding, etc.
In the study of 50 patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenitis who had undergone double-contrast upper gastrointestinal (GI) examinations. Duodenitis was diagnosed on the original radiographic reports in six of 37 patients (16%) with mild-to-moderate duodenitis, five of 13 patients (38%) with severe duodenitis, and 11 of 50 patients (22%) with all grades of duodenitis on endoscopy. Subsequent analysis of the films revealed one or more radiologic signs of duodenitis (including folds more than 4 mm in thickness, mucosal nodularity, bulbar deformity, and erosions) in 18 of 37 patients (49%) with mild-to-moderate duodenitis, eight of 13 patients (62%) with severe duodenitis, and 26 of 50 patients (52%) with all grades of duodenitis on endoscopy(13),
IV. Complications
1. Hemorrhage
Inflammation of the stomach lining may lead to the formation of an ulcer (lesion) in the the duodenum or stomach. In the study to investigate epidemiological, clinical, and etiological characteristics of acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding between January 2003 and December 2008, researchers at the Medical Unit C, Ibn Sina Hospital, found that in 1389 registered cases, 66% of the patients were male, 34% were female. Mean age was 49. 12% of patients had a history of previous hemorrhage, and 26% had a history of NSAID and aspirin use. Endoscopy was performed in 96%. The gastroduodenal ulcer was the main etiology in 38%, followed by gastritis and duodenitis in 32.5%(14).
2. Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a result of internal bleeding. Men and postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia are routinely evaluated to exclude a gastrointestinal source of suspected internal bleeding. Forty-three of the 45 women fulfilled the entry criteria and were enrolled. Their mean age was 35 +/- 15 years and their mean hemoglobin level 9.3 +/- 2.3 g/dl. Twenty-eight upper gastrointestinal lesions were demonstrated in 24 of the 43 patients (55.8%): erosive gastritis in 12 (27.9%), erosive duodenitis in 4 (9.3%), erosive esophagitis in 3 (7.0%), hiatus hernia (with Cameron lesions) in 3 (7.0%), active duodenal ulcer in 1 (2.3%) and hyperplastic polyp (10 mm) in 1 (2.3%)(15).
3. Peritonitis
There is a report of a case of a 62-year-old man with Candida krusei peritonitis secondary to duodenal perforation due to Candida duodenitis that was successfully treated with a 14-day course of caspofungin, according to Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina(16).
4. Etc.
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Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2016037
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991509
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16544728
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632210
Diagnosis
After taking the family history, recording the symptoms and a complete physical examination, the most common test which your doctor order is Endoscopy.
The aim of the test is to allow your doctor to visualize the duodenum and it surrounding area to check for any abnormality, including shallow, eroded areas in the wall of the intestine, bleeding, etc.
In the study of 50 patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenitis who had undergone double-contrast upper gastrointestinal (GI) examinations. Duodenitis was diagnosed on the original radiographic reports in six of 37 patients (16%) with mild-to-moderate duodenitis, five of 13 patients (38%) with severe duodenitis, and 11 of 50 patients (22%) with all grades of duodenitis on endoscopy. Subsequent analysis of the films revealed one or more radiologic signs of duodenitis (including folds more than 4 mm in thickness, mucosal nodularity, bulbar deformity, and erosions) in 18 of 37 patients (49%) with mild-to-moderate duodenitis, eight of 13 patients (62%) with severe duodenitis, and 26 of 50 patients (52%) with all grades of duodenitis on endoscopy(13),
IV. Complications
1. Hemorrhage
Inflammation of the stomach lining may lead to the formation of an ulcer (lesion) in the the duodenum or stomach. In the study to investigate epidemiological, clinical, and etiological characteristics of acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding between January 2003 and December 2008, researchers at the Medical Unit C, Ibn Sina Hospital, found that in 1389 registered cases, 66% of the patients were male, 34% were female. Mean age was 49. 12% of patients had a history of previous hemorrhage, and 26% had a history of NSAID and aspirin use. Endoscopy was performed in 96%. The gastroduodenal ulcer was the main etiology in 38%, followed by gastritis and duodenitis in 32.5%(14).
2. Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a result of internal bleeding. Men and postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia are routinely evaluated to exclude a gastrointestinal source of suspected internal bleeding. Forty-three of the 45 women fulfilled the entry criteria and were enrolled. Their mean age was 35 +/- 15 years and their mean hemoglobin level 9.3 +/- 2.3 g/dl. Twenty-eight upper gastrointestinal lesions were demonstrated in 24 of the 43 patients (55.8%): erosive gastritis in 12 (27.9%), erosive duodenitis in 4 (9.3%), erosive esophagitis in 3 (7.0%), hiatus hernia (with Cameron lesions) in 3 (7.0%), active duodenal ulcer in 1 (2.3%) and hyperplastic polyp (10 mm) in 1 (2.3%)(15).
3. Peritonitis
There is a report of a case of a 62-year-old man with Candida krusei peritonitis secondary to duodenal perforation due to Candida duodenitis that was successfully treated with a 14-day course of caspofungin, according to Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina(16).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2016037
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991509
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16544728
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632210
Duodenitis - The Causes and Risk Factors
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
Causes and Risk factors
A. Causes
1. Medication
Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin, in some people, it can lead to irritation causes of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum. There is a report of a 40-year-old previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, with developed symptomatic severe transmural duodenitis and periduodenal mesenteric streaking, consistent with a complicated ulcer, probably associated with very short-term exposure to tiaprofenic acid(3a).
2. Bacteria infections (Helicobacter pylor)
In the study of 138 (92 males, 46 females) patients aged 4.5-85 years [mean (7) = 45+/-SD 17.8 years] who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed for presence of H. pylori, found that eighty-three had histopathology alone, while 55 others had both histology and culture. Endoscopic diagnosis included duodenal ulcer (DU) (n=35, 23%); gastric ulcer (n=4, 3%); gastric cancer (n=14, 9%); NUD, including gastritis (n=49, 32%); duodenitis (n=47, 31%); and normal (n=16, 11%). Overall, H. pylori was positive in 107 of 138 (77.5%) patients. There was a significant association of H. pylori with DU and NUD (p<0.000). Three-quarters of cases of normal endoscopy harbored H. pylori. The finding of 80% and 85% H. pylori in gastritis and duodenitis, respectively, was of interest(4).
3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
In the study to determine the relationship between symptoms and H. pylori eradication and to determine whether H. pylori eradication results in symptoms or endoscopic findings of GERD, researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee, showed that he presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with persistent H. pylori infection 1 month after therapy (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI: 1.02-5.2; P=0.041), as was nausea (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 0.93-55.6; P=0.029). The presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with ulcer relapse at 6 months (OR 7.5, 95% CI: 3.6-15.7; P < 0.001) as was nausea (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-16.0; P=0.002). Heartburn was not associated with eradication of H. pylori or ulcer relapse. New onset reflux symptoms were reported by 17% (17 of 101 patients) at 6 months and were not significantly different in patients with (15%) and without (22%) persistent H. pylori infection (P=0.47)(5).
4. Parasitic infection
There is a report of a case of a 24-year-old male patient admitted for recent ascites and splenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was referred to our institution with complaints of diarrhea, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping and weight loss over the past three weeks, Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed a few days later revealed diffuse severe erythematous pangastritis and gastroduodenal gastric reflux. Duodenal biopsies showed chronic nonspecific duodenitis. Antrum and corpus biopsies showed chronic gastritis. The final diagnosis was consistent with parasitic infection while the clinical, sonographic and histological findings suggested an eosinophilic ascites(6).
5. Nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion
In the study of the concentration of nucleic acids in the cavitary secretion phase reflects the state of the gastroduodenal mucosa and physicochemical properties of the mucus of Sixty patients with gastroduodenal diseases (chronic gastritis, chronic duodenitis from surface to atrophic and during exacerbation), sgowed that changes in the distribution of nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion were revealed. A decrease in the total content of nucleic acids in cavitary contents was paralleled by decreased activity of chronic gastritis and duodenitis and normalization of colloid and gel-forming properties of the mucus(7)
6. Viral infection
In the study to investigate endoscopic and histopathological findings in the duodenum of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) hyperinfection, reseachers at the indicated that twenty-four (96%) of the patients investigated were under immunocompromised condition which was mainly due to a human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The abnormal endoscopic findings, mainly edematous mucosa, white villi and erythematous mucosa, were observed in 23 (92%) patients. The degree of duodenitis including villous atrophy/destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded to the severity of the endoscopic findings(8).
7. Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease
In studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement(9).
8. Toothpick ingestion
There is a report of two patients with duodenal inflammation secondary to toothpick ingestion. In the first patient, there was acute onset of severe abdominal pain, with findings on computed tomography consistent with marked duodenal inflammation. Endoscopy revealed a toothpick embedded in the wall of the duodenum with associated ulceration. In the second patient, 4 months of chronic abdominal pain was evaluated by upper endoscopy which revealed a toothpick embedded in a 1-cm ulcer found in the third portion of the duodenum(9a).
9. Etc.
B. Risk Factors
1. Smoking and gender
In the study of the extent of duodenitis on the site opposite the ulcer determined by histological examination, showed that Sixty per cent of the duodenal ulcers were healed after three weeks. By univariate analysis, the following factors affect the healing; pain radiation to back and pain duration during treatment (p less than 0.001), multiple or deep ulcers, narrowing of duodenal bulb (p less than 0.01), number of pain attacks and poor appetite (p less than 0.05). By the stepwise logistic regression model, the following factors were selected as predictors for healing of duodenal ulcer with 76% correct classification: pain radiation to back (p = 0.002), deep ulcer (p = 0.013), multiple ulcers (p = 0.028). Number of cigarettes/day (p less than 0.007) and male sex (p = 0.036). By this model, the prediction of healing could be accurately assessed in 78% in a new sample. Individual treatment should be carried out on the basis of these factors(10).
2. Alcohol abuse
Even though, there is no any relation existing between the percentage of cases with atrophic inflammation and the kind of drinks or the content of ethanol in them, but examinations concerning the secretory function of the stomach showed lower values of hydrochloric acid secretion, both in basic conditions and after pentagastrin stimulation, in patients addicted to alcohol as compared to the control. Continuous abuse of alcohol predisposes to atrophic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, and the appearance of this type of inflammatory changes is related to the duration of addiction. The longer the addiction, the lower the secretion of hydrochloric acid is(11).
3. Stress
GDD in the young is a very frequent pathology, which may be triggered off by abrupt changes in life style, especially in those patients who are unable to react positively to changes in the outer world. GD pathology arises most frequently during the first five months of military service, especially within the third and the fourth month(12).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158085
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304966
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10632644
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552435
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132379
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350608
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/71989
(9a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8792719
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3356359
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12898897
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9479996
Causes and Risk factors
A. Causes
1. Medication
Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin, in some people, it can lead to irritation causes of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum. There is a report of a 40-year-old previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, with developed symptomatic severe transmural duodenitis and periduodenal mesenteric streaking, consistent with a complicated ulcer, probably associated with very short-term exposure to tiaprofenic acid(3a).
2. Bacteria infections (Helicobacter pylor)
In the study of 138 (92 males, 46 females) patients aged 4.5-85 years [mean (7) = 45+/-SD 17.8 years] who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed for presence of H. pylori, found that eighty-three had histopathology alone, while 55 others had both histology and culture. Endoscopic diagnosis included duodenal ulcer (DU) (n=35, 23%); gastric ulcer (n=4, 3%); gastric cancer (n=14, 9%); NUD, including gastritis (n=49, 32%); duodenitis (n=47, 31%); and normal (n=16, 11%). Overall, H. pylori was positive in 107 of 138 (77.5%) patients. There was a significant association of H. pylori with DU and NUD (p<0.000). Three-quarters of cases of normal endoscopy harbored H. pylori. The finding of 80% and 85% H. pylori in gastritis and duodenitis, respectively, was of interest(4).
3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
In the study to determine the relationship between symptoms and H. pylori eradication and to determine whether H. pylori eradication results in symptoms or endoscopic findings of GERD, researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee, showed that he presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with persistent H. pylori infection 1 month after therapy (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI: 1.02-5.2; P=0.041), as was nausea (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 0.93-55.6; P=0.029). The presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with ulcer relapse at 6 months (OR 7.5, 95% CI: 3.6-15.7; P < 0.001) as was nausea (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-16.0; P=0.002). Heartburn was not associated with eradication of H. pylori or ulcer relapse. New onset reflux symptoms were reported by 17% (17 of 101 patients) at 6 months and were not significantly different in patients with (15%) and without (22%) persistent H. pylori infection (P=0.47)(5).
4. Parasitic infection
There is a report of a case of a 24-year-old male patient admitted for recent ascites and splenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was referred to our institution with complaints of diarrhea, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping and weight loss over the past three weeks, Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed a few days later revealed diffuse severe erythematous pangastritis and gastroduodenal gastric reflux. Duodenal biopsies showed chronic nonspecific duodenitis. Antrum and corpus biopsies showed chronic gastritis. The final diagnosis was consistent with parasitic infection while the clinical, sonographic and histological findings suggested an eosinophilic ascites(6).
5. Nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion
In the study of the concentration of nucleic acids in the cavitary secretion phase reflects the state of the gastroduodenal mucosa and physicochemical properties of the mucus of Sixty patients with gastroduodenal diseases (chronic gastritis, chronic duodenitis from surface to atrophic and during exacerbation), sgowed that changes in the distribution of nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion were revealed. A decrease in the total content of nucleic acids in cavitary contents was paralleled by decreased activity of chronic gastritis and duodenitis and normalization of colloid and gel-forming properties of the mucus(7)
6. Viral infection
In the study to investigate endoscopic and histopathological findings in the duodenum of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) hyperinfection, reseachers at the indicated that twenty-four (96%) of the patients investigated were under immunocompromised condition which was mainly due to a human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The abnormal endoscopic findings, mainly edematous mucosa, white villi and erythematous mucosa, were observed in 23 (92%) patients. The degree of duodenitis including villous atrophy/destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded to the severity of the endoscopic findings(8).
7. Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease
In studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement(9).
8. Toothpick ingestion
There is a report of two patients with duodenal inflammation secondary to toothpick ingestion. In the first patient, there was acute onset of severe abdominal pain, with findings on computed tomography consistent with marked duodenal inflammation. Endoscopy revealed a toothpick embedded in the wall of the duodenum with associated ulceration. In the second patient, 4 months of chronic abdominal pain was evaluated by upper endoscopy which revealed a toothpick embedded in a 1-cm ulcer found in the third portion of the duodenum(9a).
9. Etc.
B. Risk Factors
1. Smoking and gender
In the study of the extent of duodenitis on the site opposite the ulcer determined by histological examination, showed that Sixty per cent of the duodenal ulcers were healed after three weeks. By univariate analysis, the following factors affect the healing; pain radiation to back and pain duration during treatment (p less than 0.001), multiple or deep ulcers, narrowing of duodenal bulb (p less than 0.01), number of pain attacks and poor appetite (p less than 0.05). By the stepwise logistic regression model, the following factors were selected as predictors for healing of duodenal ulcer with 76% correct classification: pain radiation to back (p = 0.002), deep ulcer (p = 0.013), multiple ulcers (p = 0.028). Number of cigarettes/day (p less than 0.007) and male sex (p = 0.036). By this model, the prediction of healing could be accurately assessed in 78% in a new sample. Individual treatment should be carried out on the basis of these factors(10).
2. Alcohol abuse
Even though, there is no any relation existing between the percentage of cases with atrophic inflammation and the kind of drinks or the content of ethanol in them, but examinations concerning the secretory function of the stomach showed lower values of hydrochloric acid secretion, both in basic conditions and after pentagastrin stimulation, in patients addicted to alcohol as compared to the control. Continuous abuse of alcohol predisposes to atrophic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, and the appearance of this type of inflammatory changes is related to the duration of addiction. The longer the addiction, the lower the secretion of hydrochloric acid is(11).
3. Stress
GDD in the young is a very frequent pathology, which may be triggered off by abrupt changes in life style, especially in those patients who are unable to react positively to changes in the outer world. GD pathology arises most frequently during the first five months of military service, especially within the third and the fourth month(12).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158085
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304966
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10632644
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552435
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132379
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18350608
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/71989
(9a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8792719
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3356359
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12898897
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9479996
Duodenitis - The Symptoms
Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
I. Symptoms
1. Abdominal pain
In a report of Thirty nine children with recurrent abdominal pain aged between 5.5 and 12 years, underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Duodenal inflammation was graded by the duodenitis scale of Whitehead et al (grade 0, 1, 2, and 3). In 13 out of 39 patients (33%) definite signs of inflammation were found (grade 2 and 3). Intestinal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA in patients with duodenitis (grade 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher (4.42 (1.73)%) than in patients with normal (grade 0) duodenal biopsy appearances (3.3 (0.9)%)(1).
2. Loss of appetite, epigastric pain and weight loss
Parasitic infection cause of Duodenitis can lead to loss of appetite and weight loss, according to the study of An extremely uncommon case of parasitic infection presenting as eosinophilic ascites in a young patient, by thye research team at the GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital(2).
3. Other symptoms
In the study of over a 15 month period, 124 referred patients were evaluated in a prospective cohort analysis with a standardised investigation including duodenal biopsies and aspirate, blood tests and faecal parasite and calprotectin tests. Recovered subjects were recruited for symptom analysis, researchers at the Haukeland University Hospital, found that There were significant associations between persistent Giardia positivity, microscopic duodenal inflammation and a positive calprotectin test. In patients with persisting symptoms after metronidazole treated Giardia infection we commonly found chronic Giardia infection and microscopic duodenal inflammation, especially in illness duration less than 7 months. Both these findings subsided over time. Increasingly, investigations could not determine a definite cause for the persistent symptoms. The very long-term post-giardiasis diarrhoea, bloating, nausea and abdominal pain documented here need further study(3).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2125404
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552435
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17964658
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158085
I. Symptoms
1. Abdominal pain
In a report of Thirty nine children with recurrent abdominal pain aged between 5.5 and 12 years, underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Duodenal inflammation was graded by the duodenitis scale of Whitehead et al (grade 0, 1, 2, and 3). In 13 out of 39 patients (33%) definite signs of inflammation were found (grade 2 and 3). Intestinal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA in patients with duodenitis (grade 1, 2, and 3) was significantly higher (4.42 (1.73)%) than in patients with normal (grade 0) duodenal biopsy appearances (3.3 (0.9)%)(1).
2. Loss of appetite, epigastric pain and weight loss
Parasitic infection cause of Duodenitis can lead to loss of appetite and weight loss, according to the study of An extremely uncommon case of parasitic infection presenting as eosinophilic ascites in a young patient, by thye research team at the GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital(2).
3. Other symptoms
In the study of over a 15 month period, 124 referred patients were evaluated in a prospective cohort analysis with a standardised investigation including duodenal biopsies and aspirate, blood tests and faecal parasite and calprotectin tests. Recovered subjects were recruited for symptom analysis, researchers at the Haukeland University Hospital, found that There were significant associations between persistent Giardia positivity, microscopic duodenal inflammation and a positive calprotectin test. In patients with persisting symptoms after metronidazole treated Giardia infection we commonly found chronic Giardia infection and microscopic duodenal inflammation, especially in illness duration less than 7 months. Both these findings subsided over time. Increasingly, investigations could not determine a definite cause for the persistent symptoms. The very long-term post-giardiasis diarrhoea, bloating, nausea and abdominal pain documented here need further study(3).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2125404
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552435
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17964658
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158085
Nephritis: Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis) - The Treatments
Nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys.
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Treatment
F.1. In conventional medicine perspective
1. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
In the study to evaluate the controversial effects of steroids in acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN), showed that steroid treated (StG) patients had a greater degree of improvement in their renal function; however there was no correlation between the degree of improvement in eGFR and delay in starting steroids. PPIs were second commonest implicated drug category among drug induced cases(13).
2. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis has no cure. Many patients may require dialysis. In younger patient, kidney transplant may be the only choice.
F.2. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Soy
In the study to evaluate the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on severe kidney damage in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-treated obese Zucker rats, researchers at the Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Company Ltd., Izumisano-shi, showed that that consecutive treatment of SPI protects against renal dysfunction, particularly tubulointerstitial nephritis, in DOCA salt-treated obese Zucker rats(14).
2. Flaxseed
In the study to determine if flaxseed would also modify clinical course and renal pathology in the Han:SPRD-cy rat, showed that Flaxseed ameliorates Han:SPRD-cy rat polycystic kidney disease through moderation of the associated chronic interstitial nephritis. The diet alters renal content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a manner that may promote the formation of less inflammatory classes of renal prostanoids(15).
3. Etc.
F.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Traditional Chinese medicine with immunosuppressant
In an experimental study combined on traditional Chinese medicine with immunosuppressant for treatment and prevention of tubular interstitial nephritism researchers at the Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, showed that the infiltration of cells was inhibited in the "Chinese herbs combined with prednisone" group, the infiltration of cells, TGF-beta expression and interstitial fibrosis were all inhibited in the cyclophosphamide and prednisone" group. But in the prednisone group, interstitial fibrosis was not inhibited. These data suggest that the combined use of Chinese herbs, immunosuppressant and prednisone can inhibit the interstitial cell infiltration and prevent the interstitial fibrosis in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis(16).
2. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (AS-IV)with ferulic acid
Other researchers suggested that AS-IV synergizes with FA to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis; this was associated with inhibition of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) and fibroblast activation, as well as an increase in NO production in the kidney(17).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14655203
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817666
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22553937
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9987066
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12515139
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21232035
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Treatment
F.1. In conventional medicine perspective
1. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
In the study to evaluate the controversial effects of steroids in acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN), showed that steroid treated (StG) patients had a greater degree of improvement in their renal function; however there was no correlation between the degree of improvement in eGFR and delay in starting steroids. PPIs were second commonest implicated drug category among drug induced cases(13).
2. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis has no cure. Many patients may require dialysis. In younger patient, kidney transplant may be the only choice.
F.2. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Soy
In the study to evaluate the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on severe kidney damage in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-treated obese Zucker rats, researchers at the Food Science Research Institute, Fuji Oil Company Ltd., Izumisano-shi, showed that that consecutive treatment of SPI protects against renal dysfunction, particularly tubulointerstitial nephritis, in DOCA salt-treated obese Zucker rats(14).
2. Flaxseed
In the study to determine if flaxseed would also modify clinical course and renal pathology in the Han:SPRD-cy rat, showed that Flaxseed ameliorates Han:SPRD-cy rat polycystic kidney disease through moderation of the associated chronic interstitial nephritis. The diet alters renal content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a manner that may promote the formation of less inflammatory classes of renal prostanoids(15).
3. Etc.
F.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Traditional Chinese medicine with immunosuppressant
In an experimental study combined on traditional Chinese medicine with immunosuppressant for treatment and prevention of tubular interstitial nephritism researchers at the Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, showed that the infiltration of cells was inhibited in the "Chinese herbs combined with prednisone" group, the infiltration of cells, TGF-beta expression and interstitial fibrosis were all inhibited in the cyclophosphamide and prednisone" group. But in the prednisone group, interstitial fibrosis was not inhibited. These data suggest that the combined use of Chinese herbs, immunosuppressant and prednisone can inhibit the interstitial cell infiltration and prevent the interstitial fibrosis in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis(16).
2. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (AS-IV)with ferulic acid
Other researchers suggested that AS-IV synergizes with FA to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis; this was associated with inhibition of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) and fibroblast activation, as well as an increase in NO production in the kidney(17).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14655203
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817666
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22553937
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9987066
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12515139
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21232035
Nephritis: Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis) - The Preventions
Nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys.
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Prevention
1. Avoid overdose of medication and vitamins
Overdose of certain medication indicated above and some vitamins are associated to the increased risk of the diseases.
2. Eat well to enhance the immune system to prevent bacterial and viral causes of inflammation.
3. Use herbs with caution
Overdose of herb can damage to kidney of that can lead to interstitial nephritis(11a).
4. Avoid extreme Exercise
There is a report of a A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and oliguria after severe exercise as a result of Familial renal hypouricemia with exercise-induced acute renal failure (ARF)(12).
5. Reduce in take of animal fat to prevent waste to the kidney
6. Reduce intake of salt to reduce the risk of hypertension and kidney overload.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(11a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10676733
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Prevention
1. Avoid overdose of medication and vitamins
Overdose of certain medication indicated above and some vitamins are associated to the increased risk of the diseases.
2. Eat well to enhance the immune system to prevent bacterial and viral causes of inflammation.
3. Use herbs with caution
Overdose of herb can damage to kidney of that can lead to interstitial nephritis(11a).
4. Avoid extreme Exercise
There is a report of a A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and oliguria after severe exercise as a result of Familial renal hypouricemia with exercise-induced acute renal failure (ARF)(12).
5. Reduce in take of animal fat to prevent waste to the kidney
6. Reduce intake of salt to reduce the risk of hypertension and kidney overload.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(11a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10676733
Nephritis: Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis) - Diagnosis and Disease associated to
Nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys.
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Diagnosis
Dr. Nikolić V and the research team in the review of the data between 1986 and 1997 of 21 patients, aged 7-16 years (mean, 12.8), with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, including eight with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome). Laboratory studies included urinalysis, complete blood count, erytrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, proteins, IgG, C3, C4 antinuclear-antibodies (ANA), antistreptolysin-O and antibodies to hantaviruses. Renal ultrasound was done in all patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 5 children(11).
Diseases associated with interstitial nephritis
1. Crohn's Disease
There is a report of s case of of granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) associated with Crohn's disease (CD) was reported. GIN is a rare pathological finding in renal biopsy specimens. In a patient affected by CD, granulomas may be found in various tissues and organs such as lymph nodes, mesentery, liver, and lungs and occasionally in bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. Few cases of granuloma have been reported in the kidney, and it is not always possible to relate the presence of granuloma to CD, to other interstitial granulomatosis diseases, or to a drug-induced reaction(5).
2. Sjögren's syndrome
In the study of the tissue distribution of cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-1) was studied in specimens from six normal human kidneys and in six biopsies from kidneys with tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with Sjögren's syndrome, researchers at the Toho University School of Medicine, showed that adhesion molecules were thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and sialoadenitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. It was thus concluded that the same inflammatory process that took place in the salivary glands to induce the characteristic tissue change of Sjögren's syndrome likely was operative in the renal tubulointerstitial tissue as well(6).
3. Uveitisa
There is a report of Clinical features and natural course of acute tubulointerstial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome) in five adolescent patients (3 girls and 2 boys), according to Dr. Nikolić V, and reseach team(7)
4. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease worldwide, but kidney affection, i.e. tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare. More frequent in patients with TB is drug induced TIN, i.e. the result of intensive antitubercular treatment(8).
5. Castleman's disease
There is a report of a case of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with interstitial nephritis associated with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) successfully treated with an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab)(9).
6. Feline morbillivirus
Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats(10)
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22871108
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9524776
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17974468
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704252
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22687845
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431644
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637986
Interstitial nephritis (Tubulo-interstitial nephritis)
Interstitial nephritis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the spaces between renal tubules, affecting the interstitium of the kidneys and kidney function in wast removal.
Diagnosis
Dr. Nikolić V and the research team in the review of the data between 1986 and 1997 of 21 patients, aged 7-16 years (mean, 12.8), with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, including eight with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome). Laboratory studies included urinalysis, complete blood count, erytrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, proteins, IgG, C3, C4 antinuclear-antibodies (ANA), antistreptolysin-O and antibodies to hantaviruses. Renal ultrasound was done in all patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 5 children(11).
Diseases associated with interstitial nephritis
1. Crohn's Disease
There is a report of s case of of granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) associated with Crohn's disease (CD) was reported. GIN is a rare pathological finding in renal biopsy specimens. In a patient affected by CD, granulomas may be found in various tissues and organs such as lymph nodes, mesentery, liver, and lungs and occasionally in bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. Few cases of granuloma have been reported in the kidney, and it is not always possible to relate the presence of granuloma to CD, to other interstitial granulomatosis diseases, or to a drug-induced reaction(5).
2. Sjögren's syndrome
In the study of the tissue distribution of cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-1) was studied in specimens from six normal human kidneys and in six biopsies from kidneys with tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with Sjögren's syndrome, researchers at the Toho University School of Medicine, showed that adhesion molecules were thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and sialoadenitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. It was thus concluded that the same inflammatory process that took place in the salivary glands to induce the characteristic tissue change of Sjögren's syndrome likely was operative in the renal tubulointerstitial tissue as well(6).
3. Uveitisa
There is a report of Clinical features and natural course of acute tubulointerstial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome) in five adolescent patients (3 girls and 2 boys), according to Dr. Nikolić V, and reseach team(7)
4. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease worldwide, but kidney affection, i.e. tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare. More frequent in patients with TB is drug induced TIN, i.e. the result of intensive antitubercular treatment(8).
5. Castleman's disease
There is a report of a case of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with interstitial nephritis associated with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) successfully treated with an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab)(9).
6. Feline morbillivirus
Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats(10)
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22871108
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9524776
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17974468
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704252
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22687845
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431644
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637986
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