Diabetes is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate glucose.
In other words, diabetes occurs when cells in the pancreas die off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
Diabetic complications are any diseases associated with hyperglycemia if the blood glucose is not managed properly. Patients with diabetes may induce a number of complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and foot ulcer.
Cardiomyopathy is a disease associated with the heart muscle, leading to reduce functions of the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a complication found in patients with diabetes associated with reducing the heart function in circulating blood through the body, leading to heart failure and increased accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is classified into different types, depending on the damage that has been affected, including
* Microangiopathy is a disorder that affects small blood vessels, leading to impaired myocardial blood flow reserve.
* Autonomic neuropathy is a disorder that affects the nerves that manage everyday body functions, leading to abnormal blood pressure, and heart rate.
* Endothelial dysfunction is a disorder associated with the damage of vascular endothelium. The condition is considered an early event of cardiovascular disease.
The most common causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy are myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.
With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, researchers examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on T2DM-induced cardiac lipid accumulation and subsequent cardiomyopathy.
The study included male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet for 3months to induce insulin resistance, followed by treatment with 100mg/kg body-weight streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia as the T2DM mouse model compared to age-matched mice fed a normal diet as control.
According to the tested analysis,
* SFN treatment significantly attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by T2DM.
* SFN treatment also significantly inhibited cardiac lipid accumulation, measured by Oil Red O staining, and improved cardiac inflammation oxidative stress and fibrosis, shown by down-regulating diabetes-induced PAI-1, TNF-α, CTGF, TGF-β, 3-NT, and 4-HNE expression involved in oxidation.
* SFN upregulated the expression of the gene associated with the promotion of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the expression in enhancing the initiation of oxidative stress.
* SFN also reversed diabetes-induced inhibition of LKB1/AMPK and its downstream targets associated with the regulation of lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism.
Based on the results, researchers wrote, " SFN treatment to T2DM mice may attenuate the cardiac oxidative stress-induced inhibition of LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway, thereby preventing T2DM-induced lipotoxicity and cardiomyopathy".
Taken together, broccoli processed abundantly SFN may be considered supplements for the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of SFN in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Sulforaphane prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice probably by reversing oxidative stress-induced inhibition of the LKB1/AMPK pathway by Zhang Z1, Wang S1, Zhou S1, Yan X2, Wang Y1, Chen J3, Mellen N3, Kong M4, Gu J5, Tan Y2, Zheng Y6, Cai L. (PubMed)
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