Thursday, 11 March 2021

Cucumber's Cucurbitacin B (CuB) Modulates the Capacity of Gut Microbiota in Vitro and Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Gut Microbiota is a community of microorganisms living in our gut. Under normal conditions, the ratio of the gut microbiome composition is balanced.

However, the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle may alternate the ratio by increasing the growth of "bad" bacterias, leading to the development of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism.

In other words, imbalanced of the gut microbiota may have a strong and negative impact on the immunity, the digestive, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, and the central nervous system

* In immunity, the balance of the gut microbes showed to stimulate the immune function against inflammatory immune disorders.

* In the digestive system, balanced gut microbes protect the gut against gastrointestinal diseases and non-gastrointestinal diseases. caused by overexpression of bad bacteria.


* In carbohydrate metabolism, gut microbes influence the nutrient extraction from the diet, thus reducing the risk of obesity and obesity complications.

* Neurologically, gut microbiota can control brain insulin signaling and metabolite levels that play a critical role in neurobehaviors.

Out of many prevalent factors that cause the onset of the unbalanced ratio of gut microbiota, some researchers suggested that the Western diet may have negatively influenced to induce overgrowth of bad microorganisms in the gut.

Dr. Marit K. Zinöcker, the lead scientist wrote, "Western diet promotes inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome"

And, "The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease".


The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae and native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a natural compound that enhances the gut microbiome's composition, researchers compared the effects of carrot, cucumber, and broccoli seed flours extracts with 50% acetone on gut microbiota modulating capacity.

In vitro, all three seed flour extracts enhanced the total number of gut bacteria and altered the abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus.

In other words, cucumber showed a potential effect to improve the ratio of gut microbiota in the flavor of the "good" bacterias, similar to those of carrot and broccoli.


In J774A.1 cells, cucumber also exerted a similar activity by protecting the microbiota that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing LPS induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA expressions.

Furthermore, in obesity, induced progression of metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cucumber not only improved IR in obese mice and relieving inflammation in adipose tissue and blood but also enhanced the microbiota composition ratios.

More precisely, cucumber improved the ratio of gut microbiome composition by promoting IR and reducing inflammation.


Taken altogether, cucumber may be used for the improvement of gut microbiota, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemical Compositions of Cold-Pressed Broccoli, Carrot, and Cucumber Seed Flours and Their in Vitro Gut Microbiota Modulatory, Anti-inflammatory, and Free Radical Scavenging Properties by Choe U1, Li Y1,2, Gao B2, Yu L1, Wang TTY, Sun J, Chen P, Liu J3, Yu L. (PubMed)
(2) Therapeutic Effect of Cucumis melo L. Extract on Insulin Resistance and the gut microbiome in Lepob/Lepob Mice by Lee D1, Yoo JH1, Lee BC. (PubMed)
(3) The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease by Marit K. Zinöcker1, and Inge A. Lindseth. (PMC)

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