Friday 8 January 2021

Tocopherols, the Potential Phytochemical That Protects Diabetics Against Diabetics Nephropathy

By Kyle J. Norton
Diabetic nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease) is a complication of kidney damage caused by diabetes.

Long-term unmanaged hyperglycemia can damage parts of the kidneys, thus reducing the kidney function in filtering waste from the blood filters, leading to 'leaky' syndrome that allows protein into your urine.

Diabetic nephropathy is the 3 stages of kidney change in patients with diabetes. In this stage, patients may experience symptoms of abnormally elevated urinary albumin excretion, compared to the 15 and 300 μg/min in the baseline situation.

The progression of diabetic nephropathy that leads to an increased rate in albumin excretion is higher in patients with increased blood pressure.

More importantly, if high blood pressure is left untreated, diabetic nephropathy can induce persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/ 24 h that furtherly declines the renal function with the mean fall rate being around 1 ml/min/mo.

Epidemiologically, diabetic nephropathy is also associated with cardiovascular disease and increased the mortality of diabetic patients.

Metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are some of the risk factors that have been found in patients with Dn.

Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that protects the body against the insult from the foreign invasion.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within the hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damaged tissues are healed itself after all pathogens are killed off.

However, if the immune system can not completely destroy all invaders in the acute phase of infection, it will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and diabetes.


Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belongings to the group of lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic disease complications, researchers examined the effect of tocopherol against diabetics nephropathy.

According to the analysis,
* The intraperitoneally administered d-α-tocopherol (vitamin E, αToc) induces an amelioration of DN in vivo through the activation of DGKα and the prevention of podocyte loss involved in renal damage.

Where diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) that regulates numerous cellular responses can attenuate protein kinase C (PKC) activity and diacylglycerol (DAG) initiated by hyperglycemia.

* Oral administration of αToc on DN induced by streptozocin-induced diabetic mice also significantly ameliorated the symptoms of DN by preventing the loss of podocytes, associated with chronic renal diseases through normalizing the levels of protein kinase C (PKC).

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered adjunct therapies in the prevention and treatment of diabetics nephropathy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy by oral administration of d-α-tocopherol and its mechanisms by Hayashi D1, Ueda S1, Yamanoue M1, Ashida H1, Shirai Y. (PubMed)

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