Tocopherols Inhibits the Onset of Liver Cancer in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton


The liver organ is one of the organs with a lack of nerve tissue, therefore liver cancer does not induce pain until the later stage of injury.

Liver cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly in the liver tissue.

The causes of liver cancer are associated with the alternation of cells' DNA which normally begins in the cells on the surface of the inner lining.

Liver cancer at the early stage no not cause any symptoms. However, at the advanced stage, liver cancer cells can cause a wide range of symptoms including jaundice, abdominal swelling and pain, and dark urine and white stool accompanied by the general symptoms of cancers such as unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, chronic fatigue and tiredness and gastrointestinal discomforts.

The most common cause of liver cancer is infected by the hepatitis virus. However, in North America, due to the overexpression of the overweight and obese population, liver cancer may be slowly progressed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through cirrhosis to liver cancer.

There is a number of risk factors other than those mentioned above associated with the onset of liver cancer such as male, ethnicity, hepatitis viral carriers.

However, most people with some of the above risk factors have never developed liver cancer.

According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society, every year, approximately, 1,900 men and 580 women are diagnosed with liver cancer, causing the death of 950 men and 270 women.

In 2017, 2,500 Canadians were diagnosed with liver cancer and 1,200 Canadians died from liver cancer.

Compared to the early stage of other cancer, the 5 years survival rate in the early stage diagnosis is only 31%, and 43% of people with liver cancer are diagnosed at stages 0 and 1.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancers, researchers examined the effect of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles to accomplish the simultaneous delivery of an optimized ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) and elacridar (ELC) to target both LCSCs and liver cancer cells.

According to the analysis, in vitro
* DOX/ELC molar ratio of 1:1 works synergistically to exhibit significantly increased cytotoxic effects against both HepG2 and HepG2-TS
* DOX/ELC showed a stronger anti-cancer activity, compared with DOX-loaded nanoparticles (NDs) or ELC-loaded nanoparticles (NEs).

* Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited better tumor targeting, with NDE showing the strongest antitumor activity with lower systemic toxicity.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These results suggested that NDE represented a promising combination therapy against liver cancer by targeting both liver cancer cells and CSCs".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for reducing the risk of liver cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Codelivery of doxorubicin and elacridar to target both liver cancer cells and stem cells by polylactide-co-glycolide/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles by Chen D1,2,3, Pan X4, Xie F5, Lu Y2, Zou H2, Yin C6, Zhang Y7, Gao J. (PubMed)