Sunday 25 April 2021

Omega -3 Fatty Acids Eradicate Glioblastoma Cells in Vitro and Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

The central nervous system is a part of the nervous system of the brain and spinal cord with the function of integrates information it receives from for the entire nervous system, and control all the workings of your body.

The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within our body, through a complex system involved neuron messages transmitting

A neuron or nerve cell made of a cell body (also called soma), dendrites and an axon, is a cell in the nervous system that carries electrical impulses.

Neurons are core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that play an essential role to process and transmit information.


Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive cancers that begins within the brain.

According to statistics, most patients diagnosed with cancer die within 12 to 15 months. Less than 5% of patients are survived longer than five years.

If you are male, you are at 1.5 higher risks of glioblastoma, compared to the female's counterpart.

The causes of glioblastoma are unknown, some researchers suggested that genetic preposition and environmental factors, previous radiotherapy, a weakened immune system may be some risk factors associated with the onset of the disease.

Most cases of GBM are diagnosed at an older age with a median age of 64. Some researchers suggested that aging with the change of body function may be one of the major risk factors that cause the incidence.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of neurological diseases, researchers examined the cytotoxic effect of DHA on the GBM cell lines, D54MG, U87MG, U251MG, and GL261.

According to the results of differentiation
* Treatment of GBM cells with DHA induced PARP cleavage associated with cell death by increasing the population of sub-G1 cells and the number of TUNEL-positive cells with apoptotic DNA fragmentation.

* Furthermore, treatment of GBM cells with DHA exerted a significant increase in autophagic activity, accompanied by activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) induced uptake of oxidative stress and decreases in phosphorylated Akt (p-AktSer473) levels and mTOR activity in the promotion of tumor growth.

In vivo, conversion of ω6-PUFAs to ω3-PUFAs, in fat-1 transgenic mice yielded a significant decrease in tumor volume following subcutaneous injection of mouse glioma cells (GL261), when compared with wild-type mice.

Moreover, the conversion also elevated the TUNEL-positive cell numbers and LC3-II levels in tumor tissue from the fat-1 transgenic mice compared with tumor tissue from the wild-type mice.

Additionally, p-Akt levels in the promotion of cell proliferation and cell survival were decreased compared to the increase of tumor suppressor p-AMPK levels in tumor tissue from the fat-1 transgenic mice.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " ω3-PUFAs induce cell death through apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells; thus, it may be possible to use ω3-PUFAs as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for GBM".


Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids induce cell death through apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma cells: In vitro and in vivo by Kim S1, Jing K2, Shin S1, Jeong S1, Han SH1, Oh H1, Yoo YS1, Han J1, Jeon YJ1, Heo JY1, Kweon GR1, Park SK1, Park JI1, Wu T3, Lim K. (PubMed)

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