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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).
Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).
The Treatment
B. Treatment in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine
B.3. The Preventive Minerals and Vitamins
2. Top vitamins for rheumatoid arthritis
Free radical scavengers such as vitamins plays an essential role in reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis
due to their effects in attenuate the expression of free radical and pro inflammatory cytokines(271)(272)
2.1. Vitamin A
According to the Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, antioxidant including vitamin A are found to consist a clinical outcomes and oxidative stress in RA(274).
Patient with rheumatoid arthritis are accompanied with the over expression of the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines, Dr. Xiong RB and the research team at the Southern Medical Universit said, " VitA.....significantly reduced the levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP and the ESR(Pro inflammatory cytokines) and significantly increased the levels of IL-10 ( limiting autoimmunity and inflammatory responses),.... (of that) may provide a novel approach for the treatment of RA"(273).. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologic key metabolite of vitamin A, showed to suppress the clinical and histologic signs of arthritis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model through downregulated the expression of RANK and prevented white blood cell from differentiating into osteoclasts, causing RA( 275).
Free radical scavengers such as vitamins plays an essential role in reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis
due to their effects in attenuate the expression of free radical and pro inflammatory cytokines(271)(272)
2.1. Vitamin A
According to the Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, antioxidant including vitamin A are found to consist a clinical outcomes and oxidative stress in RA(274).
Patient with rheumatoid arthritis are accompanied with the over expression of the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines, Dr. Xiong RB and the research team at the Southern Medical Universit said, " VitA.....significantly reduced the levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP and the ESR(Pro inflammatory cytokines) and significantly increased the levels of IL-10 ( limiting autoimmunity and inflammatory responses),.... (of that) may provide a novel approach for the treatment of RA"(273).. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologic key metabolite of vitamin A, showed to suppress the clinical and histologic signs of arthritis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model through downregulated the expression of RANK and prevented white blood cell from differentiating into osteoclasts, causing RA( 275).
2.2. Vitamin C
Dietary vitamin C did significantly influence on growth performance and immune response, according to epidemiological studies(276)(277).
Dietary vitamin C did significantly influence on growth performance and immune response, according to epidemiological studies(276)(277).
Maintaining the balance between pro oxidant and antioxidant levels such as vitamin C and uric acid are important to prevent the insult of free radicals in rheumatoid arthritis, according Dr. Mahajan M and the research team at the Govt. Medical College suggested(278).
Dr Al-Okbi SY said" the majority of nutraceuticals studied possess beneficial effect toward chronic inflammatory diseases,.....anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals may serve as complementary medicine for the management of RA(279).
Dr Al-Okbi SY said" the majority of nutraceuticals studied possess beneficial effect toward chronic inflammatory diseases,.....anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals may serve as complementary medicine for the management of RA(279).
2.3. Vitamin E
Vitamin A similar to vitamin A are found to consist a clinical outcomes and oxidative stress (274)which has been found to play an important role in the inflammation and parthenogenesis of RA(283).
According to studies, diets containing fish oil and vitamin E not only showed a significant pain reduction in patients but also induced a positive effect on autoimmune disease by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediator(280). In the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), oral adminsitration of δ-tocotrienol (10 mg/kg) induced a significant impact in lowering paw edema, through it anti inflammatory effects(281).
2.4. Vitamin D
Vitamin D receptor (VDR), best known for its function in variety of metabolic disorders and in regulation of inflammation, is found to associate to the risk of RA(284), through its expression on reduced risk for FLS-mediated cartilage and bone invasion and erosions by attenuating the pro inflammatory cytokines induced osteoclasts. Vitamin D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of which induced pain, fatigue, and limited physical activity as well as poor quality of life(285).
Dr. Kostoglou-Athanassioul and the research team at the Red Cross Hospital, said," vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with RA, .......may be linked to disease severity in RA. As vitamin D deficiency has been linked to diffuse musculoskeletal pain, these results have therapeutic implications"(286).
Vitamin D receptor (VDR), best known for its function in variety of metabolic disorders and in regulation of inflammation, is found to associate to the risk of RA(284), through its expression on reduced risk for FLS-mediated cartilage and bone invasion and erosions by attenuating the pro inflammatory cytokines induced osteoclasts. Vitamin D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of which induced pain, fatigue, and limited physical activity as well as poor quality of life(285).
Dr. Kostoglou-Athanassioul and the research team at the Red Cross Hospital, said," vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with RA, .......may be linked to disease severity in RA. As vitamin D deficiency has been linked to diffuse musculoskeletal pain, these results have therapeutic implications"(286).
2.5. Vitamin K
Vitamin K, another vitamin is found to plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory nutrient in bone metabolism(287). According to the cross-sectional study of a total of 158 female RA patients (mean age 62.5 years), oral administration VitK2 significant decreased serum CRP, and inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). in a dose-dependent manner(288).
Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
Vitamin K, another vitamin is found to plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory nutrient in bone metabolism(287). According to the cross-sectional study of a total of 158 female RA patients (mean age 62.5 years), oral administration VitK2 significant decreased serum CRP, and inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). in a dose-dependent manner(288).
Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(271) Antioxidants and antiinflammatory dietary supplements for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by Rosenbaum CC1, O'Mathúna DP, Chavez M, Shields K.(PubMed)
(272) The antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium in the treatment of arthritis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials by Canter PH1, Wider B, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(272) The antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium in the treatment of arthritis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials by Canter PH1, Wider B, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(273) Effects and mechanisms of vitamin A and vitamin E on the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines in rats with rheumatoid arthritis by Xiong RB1, Li Q2, Wan WR1, Guo JQ1, Luo BD1, Gan L1.(PubMed)
(274) Beneficial role of antioxidants on clinical outcomes and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients by Jalili M1, Kolahi S2, Aref-Hosseini SR3, Mamegani ME4, Hekmatdoost A5.(PubMed)
(275) Retinoic acid attenuates rheumatoid inflammation in mice by Kwok SK1, Park MK, Cho ML, Oh HJ, Park EM, Lee DG, Lee J, Kim HY, Park SH(PubMed)
(276) Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance and innate immunity of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) by Zhou Q1, Wang L, Wang H, Xie F, Wang T.(PubMed)
(277) Effect of vitamin C supplements on cell-mediated immunity in old people by Kennes B, Dumont I, Brohee D, Hubert C, Neve P.(PubMed)
(278) Uric acid a better scavenger of free radicals than vitamin C in rheumatoid arthritis by Mahajan M1, Kaur S, Mahajan S, Kant R.(PubMed)
(279) Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by Al-Okbi SY1(PubMed)
(280) Effects of diets containing fish oil and vitamin E on rheumatoid arthritis by Tidow-Kebritchi S1, Mobarhan S.(PubMed)
(281() Vitamin E status during dietary fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis by Tulleken JE1, Limburg PC, Muskiet FA, van Rijswijk MH.(PubMed)
(282) Therapeutic efficacy of vitamin E δ-tocotrienol in collagen-induced rat model of arthritis by Haleagrahara N1, Swaminathan M2, Chakravarthi S3, Radhakrishnan A2.(PubMed)
(283) Beta-Carotene, Vitamin E, MDA, Glutathione Reductase and Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with ActiveRheumatoid Arthritis by Aryaeian N1, Djalali M, Shahram F, Jazayeri Sh, Chamari M, Nazari S.(PubMed)
(284) The vitamin D receptor regulates rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast invasion and morphology. by Laragione T1, Shah A, Gulko PS.(PubMed)
(285) Vitamin D status and its association with quality of life, physical activity, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients by Raczkiewicz A1, Kisiel B, Kulig M, Tłustochowicz W.(PubMed)
(286) Vitamin D and rheumatoid arthritis by Kostoglou-Athanassiou I1, Athanassiou P, Lyraki A, Raftakis I, Antoniadis C.(PubMed)
(287) Effects of Vitamin K on Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and Rheumatoid Factor in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial by Shishavan NG1, Gargari BP, Kolahi S, Hajialilo M, Jafarabadi MA, Javadzadeh Y.(PubMed)
(288) Vitamin K and rheumatoid arthritis by Okamoto H1(PubMed)
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