Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Sunday 25 August 2019

Indicaxanthin, Might Protect the Skin Against Melanoma

By Kyle J. Norton

The skin is the largest external organ that protects us against infection and physical trauma by guarding the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments, and internal organs.

Furthermore, the skin accompanied by liver and kidney detoxes toxins in the body

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer caused by the alternation of cell DNA in the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. Most cases of melanomas are found in the skin.

According to the statistics, approximate 120,000 new cases of melanoma in the US are diagnosed in a year. The skin cancer tends to spread along the skin in most of the cases, but also can grow down to the deeper layers of the skin.

At the advanced stage, skin melanoma can also travel a distance aways to infect other healthy tissues through blood and fluid circulation.

Most common symptoms of melanoma skin cancer are

* Asymmetry

The mole on the skin is no longer symmetric as one half of the mole is different from the other half.

* Borders irregular
Border of the mole has become irregular, such as uneven or notched.

* Color
The color of the mole is different than other moles on the skin.

* Diameter
The mole is larger than other mole and evolved over time
Accompanied by pain, swelling, and bleeding in the affected skin

There are 3 main types of melanoma skin cancer, including

* Superficial spreading
This is the most common type of melanoma, accounting for over 70% of all cases. The cancer cell usually starts with a normal mole, but for whatever reason, it begins to change malignantly with irregular borders and color variations.

* Nodular type
This type of melanoma is more aggressive growth than superficial spreading and found most on the trunk, upper arms, and thighs. The nodular type of melanoma is usually detected as a lump with blue and black color.

* Acral melanoma
Acral melanoma is mostly founded on the hands, feet, and nail beds. The risk increases for people with darken-skin color.

* Lentigo maligna melanoma
Found mostly on the face of elderly caused by great exposure to sunlight.

Indicaxanthin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a potent ingredient for the treatment of cancer, researchers investigated the effects of Indicaxanthin, against human melanoma both in vitro and in vivo.

According to the tested analysis, the growth of A375 cells was inhibited by the injection of the phytochemical

Furthermore, Indicaxanthin also induced apoptosis and decreased the invasiveness of A375 cells.

In other words, indicaxanthin effectively inhibits the proliferation of highly metastatic and invasive and anti-apoptotic activity of the A375 cells.

In mice, induced melanoma, oral administration of Indicaxanthin also significantly reduced tumor developing.

Additional differentiation of the anti-cancer activity of Indicaxanthin, researchers found that the efficacy of the bioactive compound was attributed to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathways associated with the antiproliferative effect of indicaxanthin.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, " indicaxanthin represents a novel phytochemical able to significantly inhibit human melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and to impair tumor progression in vivo".

Taken altogether, indicaxanthin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of melanoma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor progression by Allegra M1, De Cicco P2, Ercolano G2, Attanzio A1, Busà R1, Cirino G2, Tesoriere L1, Livrea MA1, Ianaro A. (PubMed)
(2) Melanoma Skin Cancer (Malignant Melanoma) by Kyle J. Norton

Green Beans Inhibits the Post Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction Complications

By Kyle J. Norton

Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Approximate 1/4 of all stroke victims die as a direct result of the stroke or its complications.

Stroke is caused by the accumulation of cholesterol and other substances that build up the arterial walls. In other words, if cholesterol building up in the arteries is blocking the circulation of blood in any part of the body causing oxygen not to be delivered to the brain, leading to the death of some cells in the brain.

According to the statistics, every year, more than 790,000 people suffer a stroke, including 600,000 of these are first attacks, and 185,000 are recurrent attacks. Most cases of stroke occur in people over the age of 65.

Myocardial infarction is the severe and medical emergency characterized by the obstruction of the blood supply to the brain, causing local brain neurons death. Prompt treatment can minimize brain damage and potential post disease complications.

The occurrence and extent of brain infarction are associated with three basic factors, including the site of arterial occlusion, the rapidity of arterial occlusion, and the presence or absence of collateral circulation.

In other words, brain infarction can be classified into myocardial infarction due to plaque rupture and myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance secondary to other acute illnesses.

The exact causes of a blood clot to induce acute brain infarction are unknown. Plaques accumulation in the arteries associated with hardening and stiffing arterial walls is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, including stroke.

The trouble with speaking and understanding, confusion, sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg, headache and the trouble with walking are some of the most common symptoms found in patients with post-myocardial infarction.

Depending on the severity of the acute infarction, in serious cases, patients may also experience symptoms, paralysis of the face, arm or leg, trouble with seeing in one or both eyes.

Although, there are many factors associated with the risk of acute infarction. some researchers suggested an unhealthy diet may have a strong and negative implication on the onset of the condition.

Dr. Guo J, the lead scientist at the Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences wrote, "Several dietary frequencies (serves per week) including vegetables, fruits and tofu were closely associated with a decrease of AMI risk. Carbohydrate pattern showed a weak relationship with AMI. We observed a U-shaped association between frequencies of fat and protein pattern and AMI risk. Excessive fat intake increased the AMI risk".

Green bean is a genus of Phaseolus Sensu Stricto, containing 55 difference species, belong to the family Fabaceae and native to the New World tropics and grown in Europe for its attractive flowers and fleshy immature pods. It can be classified into two major groups, bush beans, and pole beans.

In the concerns of elevated homocysteine levels associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, researchers examined the effect of dietary folate found in green leafy vegetables, such as green beans intake against nonfatal myocardial infarction.

In a case a controlled study in three tertiary hospitals of Pamplona, Spain, between 1999 and 2001, researchers examined the study physicians enrolled 171 patients less than 80 years of age with a first nonfatal myocardial infarction and 171 control patients matched by age, sex, hospital and calendar month.

According to the tested differentiation, only 6% of participants were taking folate vitamin supplements and the main sources of folate were found in dietary green leafy vegetables, green beans, oranges, peppers, and lettuces.

More importantly, the top three quartiles of folate intake of above 340 microg/day) had a matched RR of myocardial infarction of 0.57 (CI = 0.35-0.94), compared with the lowest quartile of intake.

In other words, folate intake from green bean showed a linear dose-dependent on the reduced risk of myocardial infarction

Based on the results, researchers suggested. "Our results in a Mediterranean population with natural plant foods as the main source of folate provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that dietary folate intake may be an independent protective factor for myocardial infarction".

Taken altogether, green beans may be considered a functional food for the prevention of myocardial infarction, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Dietary folate and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction by Hernández-Díaz S1, Martínez-Losa E, Fernández-Jarne E, Serrano-Martínez M, Martínez-González MA. (PubMed)
(2) Influence of dietary patterns on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in China population: the INTERHEART China study by Guo J1, Li W, Wang Y, Chen T, Teo K, Liu LS, Yusuf S; INTERHEART China study investigators. (PubMed)

Antioxidants Lycopene In reducing Risk of Rectal Cancer in Women

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a group of chronic and medical associated with abnormal cell growth in a specific tissue of an organ, due to the alternation of DNA.

A primary tumor or original tumor is a tumor first arose and progression to yield a cancerous mass.

Cancer cells that grow to its tumor size, can invade and kill their neighbor cells by producing abnormal or excessive signaling chemicals (hormones or cytokines) which upset the normal chemical balance and alter the metabolic pathways, leading to disordered and violent cellular behavior.

At the early stage, due to the small size of the tumor, most patients are asymptomatic.

Rectum formed part of the colon acts as a temporary storage site for feces, before eliminating them as feces.

Rectal cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the tissues of the rectum.

Most common symptoms of rectum cancer are a change in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation or more frequent bowel movements, dark or red blood in the stool, mucus in stool, abdominal pain and painful bowel movements accompanied by the general symptoms found in other types of cancer.

The exact causes of rectum cancer are unidentified. However, rectum cancer shares the similar risk of factors of colorectal cancer, including the increase of age, family and personal history, unhealthy diets such as red meat and processed foods, physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, alcohol, and smoking.

Some researchers suggested that the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades may be correlated to the increased risk of rectum cancer.

Dr. Teresa T. Fung, the lead scientist said, "Results from investigations using a priori dietary patterns (i.e., diet quality scores) and a posteriori methods, which identify existing eating patterns (i.e., principal component analysis), continue to support the benefits of a plant-based diet with some dairy as a means to lower the risk of colorectal cancer, whereas a diet high in meats, refined grains, and added sugar appears to increase risk".

Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomato in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and perform various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of rectal cancer, researchers examined the role of lycopene as a chemopreventive agent.

The study included 952 rectal cancer cases and 1,205 controls of a population-based case-control study from Northern California and Utah conducted between September 1997 and February 2002.

According to the returned questionnaires based on the detailed diet history, medical history, and lifestyle factors,

* For women, the relative to the highest level of intake, low intake of dietary lycopene suggested that lycopene is associated with a reduced risk of rectal cancer with the odds ratio (OR) = 1.7. In other words, the risk of rectal cancer decreased depending linearly to the amount of dietary lycopene intake daily and regularly.

* Dietary antioxidants including lycopene were not associated with rectal cancer risk in men.

* Compared to lycopene dietary alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tocopherol were associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of rectal cancer in women.

More precisely, not all members work synergistically to a reduced risk of rectal cancer.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "Associations differed by estrogen status for beta-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin E. These results suggest that ... lycopene may modestly reduce the risk of rectal cancer in women".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of rectal cancer in women, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antioxidants, carotenoids, and risk of rectal cancer by Murtaugh MA1, Ma KN, Benson J, Curtin K, Caan B, Slattery ML. (PubMed)
(2) Plasma and dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition by Leenders M1, Leufkens AM, Siersema PD, van Duijnhoven FJ, Vrieling A, Hulshof PJ, van Gils CH, Overvad K, Roswall N, Kyrø C, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagerhazzi G, Cadeau C, Kühn T, Johnson T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Klinaki E, Androulidaki A, Palli D, Grioni S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Bakker MF, Skeie G, Weiderpass E, Jakszyn P, Barricarte A, María Huerta J, Molina-Montes E, Argüelles M, Johansson I, Ljuslinder I, Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Ferrari P, Duarte-Salles T, Jenab M, Gunter MJ, Vergnaud AC, Wark PA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer by Teresa T. Fung

and Lisa S. Brown. (PMC)

Saturday 24 August 2019

Healthy Legume Navy Bean Prevents the Onset OF Oxidative Stress Naturally

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a condition associated with overexpression of free radical as a result of a chain reaction that can not be stopped.

More precisely, oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant produced by the host.

Antioxidants are stable atoms that inhibit oxidation.

Over time, oxidative stress induces damage of protein, lipid, and cell DNA can lead to the incidences of chronic disease, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancers.

Free radicals are unstable atoms with an unpaired electron in the outer ring. Therefore, in order for them to become stable, free radicals are ready to steal or donate an electron from or to other atoms.

Oxidative stress can be preventable if antioxidants in the body can pair all electrons in the outer ring.

Overexpression of free radicals is bad. However, free radicals generated from cell metabolism may play a critical role in the synthesis of energy and essential molecules and boosting the immune system.

Believed it or not, skin aging is a result of the accumulation of damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS), according to the free radical theory.

In a healthy individual, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body are more than enough to accounter the expression of free radicals occurred in our body every day.

However, in people with a weakened immune system such as elderly, intake of dietary antioxidants such as supplement or fruits rich with antioxidants may be the only option to improve levels of antioxidant in the body.

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as liver protective and detoxified agent, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

The small, white navy bean, also called pea bean or haricot, popular in both dry and green forms, is very popular in Britain and the US, native to Peru. It is now grown and consumed across the world, due to their numerous health benefits.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the effects of black and navy beans containing non-digestible fermentable components (SCFA precursors) and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

In an animal model, C57BL/6 mice were fed a 20 % navy bean or black bean flour-containing diet or an isoenergetic basal diet (BD) for 2 weeks before the induction of experimental colitis via 7 d dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 2 % (w/v) in the drinking water) exposure, researchers showed that
* Cooked black and navy bean diet increased caecal SCFA and fecal phenolic compound concentrations (P< 0·05) inhibit the colonic and systemic inflammation.

* Both beans diet reduced mRNA expression of colonic inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-9, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10.

* Furthermore, systemic inflammatory circulating cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-17A, P< 0·05) in the acute and chronic inflammation and biomarkers associated with oxidative stress caused by the injection of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are also inhibited by the cooked black and navy beans.

* Unfortunately, both bean diets also are found to enhanc3 DSS-induced colonic damage, according to the increased histological injury score and apoptosis

Based on the findings, researchers suggested that bean-containing diets exerted both beneficial and adverse effects during experimental colitis by reducing inflammatory biomarkers both locally and systemically while aggravating colonic mucosal damage.

In other words, black and navy bean diet inhibit parameters involved in inflammation and oxidative stress and has a negative impact on colitis severity.

Taken altogether, navy beans may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Cooked navy and black bean diets improve biomarkers of colon health and reduce inflammation during colitis by Zhang C1, Monk JM1, Lu JT1, Zarepoor L1, Wu W1, Liu R1, Pauls KP2, Wood GA3, Robinson L4, Tsao R1, Power KA. (PubMed)

Turmeric Promotes Myeloma Cancer Cells Apoptosis

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by irregular cell growth that starts in the tissue of specific organs.

Most cases of cancer overtime after penetrating into deeper layers of the affected organs, the oversize tumor can sometimes spread to other organs in the body via lymph or blood, leading to secondary metastasis.

Multiple myelomas (Myeloma) is a type of cancer originated from plasma cells in the bone marrow that produces the white blood cells which are normally responsible for the production of antibodies to protect our body against infection.

Over time, multiple myeloma can lead to the accumulation of cancer cells in the bone marrow, overcrowding out healthy blood cells.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, In the US, the lifetime risk of getting multiple myeloma is 1 in 132. In 2019, about 32,110 new cases will be diagnosed including 18,130 in men and 13,980 in women.

The causes of multiple myelomas are unidentified. However certain factors have been found to increase the risk of the conditions, inclduing

* Age
If you are between 50 and 70 years old, you are at higher risk to develop multiple myeloma.

*Gender
Men are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.

*Race
Cancer tends to affects blacks more often than whites.

* Previous multiple myeloma
People who previously had been treated with multiple myeloma are at a higher risk to develop it again.

*Exposed to certain chemicals
Increased risk of multiple myeloma if you are exposed to certain chemicals such as occupation.

* Family history
If a direct member of the family has multiple myeloma, the risk of the disease is increased.

* Radiation
Increased risk of cancer if you are exposed to radiation, such as radiation exposure of nuclear accident.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of multiple myeloma,, researchers examined the synergistic apoptotic effects on arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) and curcumin (turmeric) on human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line U266.

The study included U266 cells cultured with MGN-3 (50 or 100μg/ml) and curcumin (2.5-10μM) for 3 days.

Based on the results of cells differentiation assays, MGN-3 alone or curcumin alone showed a significant anti-proliferation of U266 cells at a dose-dependent inhibition manner.

The synergistic effect was noticed at maximized at 100μg/ml MGN-3 plus 10μM curcumin, according to the analysis of post-treatment by inducing the 87% decrease in cell number and a 2.6 fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells.

This effect was also exhibited cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase by a 53% decrease in the percentage of cells.in the G0-G1 phase.

More precisely, the combination exerted a strong activity in the stimulation of pro-apoptosis and inhibition of anti-apoptotic by the decreased and increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively.

Collectively, researchers wrote in the final report, "MGN-3 and curcumin synergize in the induction of U266 cell apoptosis".

Taken altogether, turmeric used alone or combined with arabinoxylan rice bran may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of multiple myeloma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Curcumin-induced promoter hypermethylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin gene in multiple myeloma cells by Chen J1, Ying Y2, Zhu H1, Zhu T3, Qu C1, Jiang J3, Fang B. (PubMed)
(2) Synergistic apoptotic effect of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) and curcumin (turmeric) on human multiple myeloma cell line U266 in vitro by Ghoneum M1, Gollapudi S. (PubMed)

Bromelain Kills Breast Cancer Cells in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Breast cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the breast tissue due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of breast cancer at the early stage start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of either from the milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

At this stage, the patient may first notice as a painless lump in the breast or armpit and most often discovered by herself or her partner.

However, some patients may also experience symptoms of nipple discharge (clear or bloody)
inverted or retracted nipple, scaly or pitted skin on nipple persistent tenderness of the breast and
unusual breast pain or discomfort.

At the advanced stage, besides experiencing symptoms shared commonly with other types of cancer, patients may also notice localized bleeding and severe pain due to the oversize that press on nearby blood vessels and nerves.

According to the U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics, approximately, 1 in 8 U.S. women or 12% will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.

In 2019, an estimated 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 62,930 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer.

The 5 years survival rate of breast cancer at the early stage is close to 100%.

The causes of breast cancer are not identified. Gender, aging, genetic preposition, family history, never pregnant women and smoking are some breast cancer prevalent risk.

Dr. Bhaskarapillai Binukuma, the lead scientist in the evaluation of diet risk of breast cancer wrote, "Increased consumption of total fat and saturated fat were found to be positively associated with the development of breast cancer".

And, "A moderate inverse association between consumption of n-3 fatty acids and breast cancer risk and a moderate positive association between n-6 fatty acids and breast cancer risk were observed".

In other words, if you are high-fat diet follower, your risk of breast cancer is increased substantially.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With an aim to find a natural ingredient for the treatment of breast cancer, researchers examined the bromelain-functionalized multiple-wall lipid-core nanocapsules (Bro-MLNC-Zn) on breast cancer cell line.

The complex used for the study was formed by a Zn-N chemical bond and a chelate with hydroxyl and carboxyl group.

In human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), the complex at the nanocapsule surface showed an antiproliferative effect by maintaining its proteolytic activity.

Interestingly, Bro-MLNC-Zn showed a reduced dose at 160-folds to exerted a similar effect compared to that of and bromelain solution.

Based on the results, researchers said, "The surface functionalization approach produced an innovative formulation having a much higher antiproliferative effect than the bromelain solution".

In order to reveal more information about bromelain anti-breast cancer activity, researchers investigated the possible synergistic cytotoxic effects of bromelain in combination with cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Human MDA-MB-231 cells used in the study were treated with different concentrations (0.24-9.5 µM) of bromelain or cisplatin alone, as well as four different combinations.

According to the results of tested assays, single-agent treatment with cisplatin or bromelain decreases the viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 and 48 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

All combinations displayed synergistic effects against MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h, particularly with combination 1 (bromelain 2 µM + cisplatin 1.5 µM).

Interestingly, combination 1 also was found to induce breast cancer cells death with a significant decrease in the levels of several apoptotic proteins but an increase of levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins compared with bromelain.

Taken altogether, bromelain used alone or combined with other herbal medicines may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Sources
(1) Bromelain-Functionalized Multiple-Wall Lipid-Core Nanocapsules: Formulation, Chemical Structure and Antiproliferative Effect Against Human Breast CancerCells (MCF-7) by Oliveira CP1,2, Prado WA3, Lavayen V3, Büttenbender SL3, Beckenkamp A4, Martins BS3, Lüdtke DS3, Campo LF3, Rodembusch FS3, Buffon A4, Pessoa A Jr5, Guterres SS4, Pohlmann AR. (PubMed)
(2) Combination of cisplatin and bromelain exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro by Pauzi AZ1, Yeap SK2, Abu N1, Lim KL3, Omar AR2, Aziz SA4, Chow AL1, Subramani T1, Tan SG1, Alitheen NB. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary fat and risk of breast cancer by Bhaskarapillai Binukumar

1 and Aleyamma Mathew. (PMC)

Healthy Food Onion ReduceS Risk of Endometrial Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

The endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus that is very susceptible to hormone change, particularly in the menstrual cycle.

The endometrium is also a reproductive organ where the implantation takes place. In the absence of periodic hormonal influence, before puberty or following menopause, this tissue has a constant morphology and thickness.

Endometrial cancer, a late adulthood cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cells growth that starts in the cell on the surface of the inner endometrial lining of the uterus due to the alternation of cells DNA.

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, after breast, lung, and bowel cancer.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US, cancer of the endometrium is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs. In 2019, approximately 61,000 cases of endometrial cancer will be diagnosed.

Most common types of endometrial cancer are
* Adenocarcinomas
Adenocarcinomas accounted for accounts for over 80% of cases of endometrial cancer that begins with irregular cells growth in the surface cells of the inner lining of the endometrium

Women who have an early onset of symptoms of peri-menopause are at a higher risk of adenocarcinomas.

* Uterine sarcoma
Uterine sarcoma, a rare uterine cancer containing malignant cells of the muscle and connective tissue of the uterus, is accounted for only 2 percent of all uterine cancer, including
** Endometrial stromal sarcomas
Endometrial stromal sarcomas are also endometrial cancers originated in the non-glandular connective tissue of the endometrium, with unknown origin.

* Leiomyosarcomas
Leiomyosarcomas is a form of endometrial cancer originated from the smooth muscles of the uterus. Endometrial cancer has a resistant tendency and not very responsive to chemotherapy or radiation.

* Carcinosarcoma
Carcinosarcoma is a type of cancer caused by both epithelial and connective tissues of the uterus.

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belonging to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures.

Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of endometrial cancer, researchers examined the relationship between onion and garlic intake on endometrial cancer, using data from an Italian case-control study.

According to the data of a multicentre case-control study of 454 endometrial cancer cases and 908 controls, admitted to the same hospitals for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions, the OR of endometrial cancer for successive categories of onion intake were 0.94 for <2 portions/week compared to garlic of 0.89.

The OR of onion intake was decreased to 0.40 (95% CI 0.22, 0.72) for > or =2 portions/week, compared to garlic of 0.62.

In other words, onion and garlic showed a significant inverse trend for the risk of endometrial cancer depending on the quality intake per week.

Furthermore, The OR for an increment of one portion (i.e. 80 g) of onions in the risk of endometrial cancer per week was 0.81.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "Our study found a moderate protective role of allium vegetables on the risk of endometrial cancer".

Taken altogether, onion may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Odds ratio analysis in women with endometrial cancer by Plagens-Rotman K1, Żak E1, Pięta B. (PubMed)
(2) Allium vegetables intake and endometrial cancer risk by Galeone C1, Pelucchi C, Dal Maso L, Negri E, Montella M, Zucchetto A, Talamini R, La Vecchia C. (PubMed)
(3) Most common Types of Cancer - Cancer of Endometrium/Endometrial Cancer by Kyle J. Norton