Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Saturday 20 July 2019

Cranberry Processes the Potent Anticancer Activity in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancers are a class of chronic and medical conditions characterized by cells growth irregularly and disorderly in the tissue of a specific organ.

Most cases of cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of organ tissue caused by the alternation of the cell DNA.

At the early stage, due to the very small size of the tumor, patients may not experience any symptoms. However, as the cancer progression, cancer cells may penetrate into deeper layers, before colonizing entire organs. At this stage, the primary cancer cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organ via fluid and blood circulation.

According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 38.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetimes, based on 2013–2015 data.

In 2017, about15,270 children and adolescents ages 0 to 19 were diagnosed with cancer. Cancer in the same year also causes the death 1,790 of children and adolescents Americans.

As of today, researchers do not know the exact cause of cancer neither they know why people with the same health condition and family history, some are susceptible to DNA alternation in facilitating the onset of cancer, while others do not.

There are many prevalent factors associated with the cancer onset, including an increase of age, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to chemical toxins and sunlight, and infectious pathogens.

Most common factors that cause the rise of cancer, including colorectal cancer in the Western world according to Dr. Omran S, the led author in the study of "Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in Apparently Healthy Adults in Jordanian Hospitals" are dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and other practices.

In CRC risk, the doctor continued, aging with the mean age of 57.0 ± 8.56 years, male gender with less than secondary school formal education.

And, the commonest risk factors for CRC among the participants were overweight or obesity (76.1 %), lack of exercise (71.6 %), limited consumption of vegetables (70.8 %), smoking (60.6 %), over-consumption of red meat (56.3 %), and diabetes mellitus (24.1 %)".

However, most people with some of the aforementioned risk factors have never developed cancer.

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound which processes chemopreventive activity, researchers assessed the anti-cancer activities of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Cranberry against oral cancer cell lines.

According to the results of AW13516 (poorly to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue) and KB (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma) using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, the CHX efficacy of 80.15% & 95.7% of growth inhibition against AW13516 & KB cell line respectively.

* Administration of CE (80µg/ml) showed no anti-cancer property against AW13516 cell line.

*However, CE inhibited 70.6% growth against KB cell line.

Furthermore, both CHX and CE were less potential than positive control drug Adriamycin, at the values of GI50, TGI, and LC50.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "CHX exhibited better anti-cancer properties than CE for both the oral cancer cell lines".

In other words, CE exerted anti-cancer activity depending on the types of primary cancer cells.

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cancer, depending on the types of primary cancer cells, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anticancer activity of chlorhexidine and cranberry extract: an in-vitro study by Khairnar MR1, Wadgave U1, Jadhav H2, Naik R. (PubMed)
(2) Cranberry and its phytochemicals: a review of in vitro anticancer studies by Neto CC. (PubMed)

Turmeric Enhanced the Intestinal Function Against gastrointestinal Disorder

By Kyle J. Norton

Gastrointestinal disorders are a class of conditions associated with the reduced function gastrointestinal tract, including injury and damage.

In order words, any damage, injury that cause improper functioning of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered gastrointestinal diseases.

In North America, 2 of the most common problems that affect the proper function of the GI tract are constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Constipation can be acute or chronic that bowel movements are infrequent or hard to pass.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common GI condition that affects the large intestine with symptoms of cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation.

Believe it or not, according to the statistics provided by the CDC, the numbers of American that visit their physician for GI disorders are 22.4 million accompanied with 8 million who had visited the emergency departments every year.

15.3 million American are living with ulcer and chronic digestive diseases also affect over 20 million Americans and the disease is one of the most prevalence that causes workplace absentees.

There are many causes of gastrointestinal disorders depending on the type and location that are infected.

Stress, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, traveling, resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, long term intake of certain medications are some prevalent factor of GI disorders.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

In the urgency to find a natural compound which processed anti digestive disorder, a condition that poses significant burdens to millions of people worldwide in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. researchers evaluated the therapeutic and adverse effects of turmeric on digestive disorders including

* The effects of curcumin on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates of mice in a normal state and in the delayed state by atropine (ATR) or nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (L-Arg) in vivo

* The direct effects of curcumin on the intestinal contractility by measuring the spontaneous contraction of isolated jejunum of mice in vitro.

According to the vivo assays, intragastric administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg/day) for 10-20 days significantly improved gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates of mice delayed by ATR.

And, intragastric administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg/day) for 15 days also significantly improved mice gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates delayed by L-Arg.

However, the efficacy intragastric administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg/day) for 1-20 days did not exert any effect on normal gastrointestinal propulsion of mice.

In vitro, injection of curcumin reduced the amplitude of the spontaneous contractile waves associated with mobility of jejunum in a concentration-dependent manner.

In other words, curcumin normalized the amplitude of the contractile waves of jejunum in both contracted and relaxed state induced by acetylcholine or ATR individually.

Dr. Yu J, the lead scientist wrote, "Moderate dose of curcumin by intragastric administration for more than 10 days can alleviate the functional gastrointestinal disorders of mice, but cannot affect normal gastrointestinal propulsion".

Taken altogether, turmeric may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of the gastrointestinal disorder, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Healthy Food Onion Promotes the Normal Vascular Functioning

By Kyle J. Norton

Vascular protection is the process to protect the function of blood vessel associated with the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

More precisely, vascular protection is the mediation to enhance endothelial cell survival, suppression of thrombosis, and anti-inflammation accompanied by the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Vascular dysfunction is a condition that causes arterial stiffness, microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk of CVD.

Endothelial cells found in the endothelium that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels by separating the circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall process some main functions, including acting as a semi-selective barrier between the vessel lumen and surrounding tissue and transporting white blood cells into and out of the bloodstream.

Endothelial dysfunction is a medical condition that reduces the function of the endothelium caused by the failure of the endothelial inner lining of the small arteries to function normally, affecting the cardio-functioning.

Epidemiologically, endothelial dysfunction has been found to induce cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction.

Coagulation is a process of blood clotting. Overexpression of coagulation has been found to induce thrombosis.

Inflammation associated with plaque biology has been found to trigger the thrombotic complications and arterial stiffness of atherosclerosis.

Microvascular dysfunction is a condition that causes abnormal function of the small blood vessels feeding the heart muscle, leading to heart diseases and stroke.

Collectively, cardiovascular protection plays a critical role to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belonging to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures.

Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet.

On finding a potent ingredient to protect the blood vessel against inflammation, researchers investigated the vascular protective effects of onion and garlic on vascular inflammation in an animal model.

The study included 30-day-old male Wistar rats that were assigned to control (C), F (10% fructose in drinking water), F+T (tempol 1 mM as control antioxidant), F+G, and F+O with aqueous G and O extracts administered orally in doses of 150 and 400 mg/kg/d respectively, followed by injection of tempol during the last 8 weeks of a 14-week period.

Fructose-fed rats (FFR) before treatment of garlic and onion had developed insulin resistance, aortic NADPH oxidase activity associated with the elevated levels of free radicals.

Furthermore, systolic blood pressure and plasma TBARS associated with lipid peroxidation and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mesenteric arteries were also found to increase in the fructose-fed rats (FFR) rats.

In other words, fructose-fed rats (FFR) showed a significant plaque accumulation in the arteries.

Moreover, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) associated with cardioprotective activity in the heart was also decreased in the FFR rats.

Administration of garlic and onion to FFR rats reversed all parameters involved in cardiovascular dysfunction were inhibited observed by the reduced levels of oxidative stress, increased eNOS activity, and also attenuated VCAM-1 expression.

Taken altogether, onion used alone or combined with garlic may be considered remedies for vascular protection, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Garlic and onion attenuates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats by Vazquez-Prieto MA1, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Lembo C, Galmarini CR, Miatello RM. (PubMed)
(2) Factors modulating bioavailability of quercetin-related flavonoids and the consequences of their vascular function by Terao J. (PubMed)

Friday 19 July 2019

Tomato Protects the Ovary Against Cell DNA Alternation

By Kyle J. Norton

Ovarian cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth in the lining tissues of the ovary.

Most cases of ovarian cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the ovary tissue before penetrating into deeper layers and colonizing the entire organ to induce secondary metastasis through blood and fluids circulation.

Ovarian cancer can be divided into the types below
* Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
The epithelial ovarian tumor also is known as a surface epithelial-stromal tumor, caused by the alternation of DNA of the cell on the surface of the ovary. Epithelial ovarian tumor is the most common form of ovarian cancer accounted for over 90% of all cases, including serious tumor, endometrioid tumor, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

* Germ cell ovarian cancer
Germ cell ovarian tumor is a cancer of the egg-producing cells within the ovary and can be cancerous or non-cancerous tumors. The condition tends to occur in children and teens as a result of birth defects.

* Sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer
Sex cord-stromal ovarian tumor is a cancer of the tissue of the ovary accounted for 8% of ovarian cancers. It is believed that the cancer is caused by excess estrogen produced by sex cord-stromal ovarian tumor. Sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer tends to develop in the older age group.

Most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are abdominal pain, bloating or swelling, quickly feeling full when eating, discomfort in the pelvis area and change of bowel movement accompanied by the general symptoms shared by other cancers, such as unintended weight loss, gastrointestinal discomfort, loss of appetite and persistent fatigue.

Some researchers suggested that the widespread obesity caused by the promotion of a high-fat diet in the Western world may correlate to the increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Dr. Foong KW, wrote, " " 14 studies found a statistically significant positive association between ovarian cancer risk and higher body mass index, 26 studies found no significant association, and 3 studies found a negative association between ovarian cancer risk and higher body mass index".

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of ovarian cancer, researchers investigated the combined effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs, with biomolecule called lycopene,) and trichostatin A (TSA) in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3).

According to the tested assays, AgNPs uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene sheet with an average size between 10 and 50 nm, rGO-Ag and TSA demonstrated significant inhibition of the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

At low concentration, the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA not only have a significant effect on cell viability, and increased cytotoxicity but also inhibited the level of malondialdehyde (oxidative stress) and decreased the level of glutathione (antioxidants) that induced cancer cell mitochondrial dysfunction.

Based on the findings, researchers suggested, " This combination chemotherapy could be possibly used in advanced cancers that are not suitable for radiation therapy or surgical treatment and facilitate overcoming tumor resistance and disease progression".

Furthermore, the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA induced cancer cell apoptosis was attributed to their pronounced effect on DNA fragmentation and double-strand breaks.

In order to reveal more information about lycopene, anti-ovarian cancers activity scientists examined the protective role of dietary lycopene against the risk of ovarian cancer.

The search of the meta-analysis.identified 10 studies selected from the PubMed database, and final risk estimates, using a random-effects model showed that lycopene showed an effect against the risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women, compared to an insignificant reverse association between dietary lycopene and ovarian cancer risk to other groups.

In other words, rGO-AgNPs, with biomolecule called lycopene, are effective in reduced risk and treatment of ovarian cancer in all groups compared to that of dietary lycopene in postmenopausal women.

Taken altogether, tomatoes processed abundantly bioactive compound lycopene may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Sources
(1) Novel biomolecule lycopene-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle enhances apoptotic potential of trichostatin A in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) b yZhang XF1,2, Huang FH1, Zhang GL3, Bai DP4, Massimo DF5, Huang YF4, Gurunathan S. (PubMed)
(2) Meta-analysis of the association between dietary lycopene intake and ovariancancer risk in postmenopausal women by Li X1, Xu J. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review by Foong KW1, Bolton H. (PubMed)

Plant-Based Protein, Navy Bean Protects the Gut Against the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Colorectum is the digestive organ containing the colon and the rectum.

The colon formed part of the large intestine plays a critical role in re-absorbing fluids and processing waste products from the body for elimination.

The colon consists of four parts: descending colon, ascending colon, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

The rectum or the part of the large intestine nearest the rectum plays a temporary storehouse for feces.

Colorectal cancer is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix.

Colorectal cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing cancer in the US. colorectal cancer has also been found to progress in a predictable way.

The disease is more common in people over the age of 50. Regular colonoscopy after age of 50 is valuable to detect the disease in the early stage, thereby increasing the rate of survival.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer, including cancer in the colon or rectum is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women combined in the United States.

Approximately, in 100 cases of colorectal cancer, 71% of cases arise in the colon compared to 29% in the rectum.

Most common types of colorectal cancer classified depending on the primary originated cells are

* Adenocarcinomas
Most bowel cancers are adenocarcinomas, originated in epithelium tissues, including the surface layer of skin, glands and their tissues that line the cavities and organs of the body.

* Squamous cell cancers
Squamous cells are the skin-like cells that make up the bowel lining together with the gland cells. Squamous cell cancers are rare with the risk of 25 per 100000 population.

The small, white navy bean, also called pea bean or haricot, popular in both dry and green forms, is very popular in Britain and the US, native to Peru. It is now grown and consumed across the world, due to their numerous health benefits.

On finding a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effects of consumption of navy beans (NB) and rice bran (RB) on CRC survivors' serum inflammatory biomarkers and telomere lengths.

The study included 29 subjects completed a randomized controlled trial with foods that included cooked NB powder (35 g/day), heat-stabilized RB (30 g/day), or no additional ingredient.

According to the tested analysis,

* NB or RB consumed equated to 4-9% of subjects' daily caloric intake. Increased consumption NB or RB showed no effects on major gastrointestinal issues.

* Furthermore, NB or RB consumed increased dietary fiber amounts at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to baseline and to control.

* NB or RB consumed also increased the telomere length correlated with age and HDL cholesterol compared to baseline, accompanied by improving serum amyloid A (SAA) levels at Week 4.

Additonally, in CRC chemoprevention, in the study of the effects on eating SRB (30 g/day) or cooked navy bean powder (35 g/day) on gut microbiota and metabolites on colorectal cancer survivors, Dr. the lead scientist found that SRB or NBP showed increased gut bacterial diversity and altered gut microbial composition at 28 days associated with CRC prevention.

Collectively, these results strongly suggested that NB or RB consumption improve the parameters associated with CRC chemoprevention.

Taken altogether, the fermented navy bean may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Navy Bean or Rice Bran Consumption in Colorectal Cancer Survivors by Borresen EC1, Brown DG1, Harbison G1, Taylor L1, Fairbanks A1, O'Malia J2, Bazan M2, Rao S3, Bailey SM1, Wdowik M4,5, Weir TL4, Brown RJ6, Ryan EP. (PubMed)
(2) Dietary supplementation with rice bran or navy bean alters gut bacterial metabolism in colorectal cancer survivors by Sheflin AM1, Borresen EC2, Kirkwood JS3, Boot CM4, Whitney AK1, Lu S1, Brown RJ5, Broeckling CD3, Ryan EP2, Weir TL. (PubMed)

Phytochemical 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Speeds Up Wound Healing

By Kyle J. Norton

Wound healing is a natural process to repair the wound or cut through a number of stages.

In the first stage, after receiving the message from the central nervous system, the immune first line of defense white blood cells stimulate the production of blood palettes to the site of damage to cover the wound and activate the protein associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to fight off the micro pathogens trying to enter the body.

Under normal condition, proteins associated with the production of anti-inflammation cytokines may also switch to proinflammatory cytokines, depending on the size and location of the wound.

Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this phase can cause the death of nearby healthy cells, leading to the formation of a scar.

Most microbial invaders are stopped at the acute phase of infection.

The wound healing process is divided into four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation.

Any interruption of the stage of wound healing also can lead to imbalanced production and dissolving of collagens in the site, inducing the formation of scars.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kale, etc.

In the urgency of finding a natural compound for speed-up wound healing without side effects, researchers evaluated 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural small-molecule compound involved in the repairing effects of hucMSCs on a deep second-degree burn injury rat model.

Where human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) has been used in the laboratory as a promising therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine.

HucMSCs pretreatment of 50 μM of DIM exhibited desirable repairing effects compared to the untreated hucMSCs.

In vivo, DIM enhanced hucMSCs in tissue regeneration by activation of proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors.

Furthermore, DIM-primed hucMSCs (DIM-hucMSCs) also promotes tissue regeneration by suppressing the inhibition of β-catenin that impairs the healing effects.

Moreover, DIM promoted the Wnt11 expression associated with all regeneration stages in hucMSC-derived exosomes.

Decreased expression of Wnt11 showed to inhibited β-catenin activation.

Based on the findings, DIM enhanced tissue regeneration after wound by promoting the genes associated with the healing process.

Dr. Shi H the lead scientist said, "DIM promotes the stemness of hucMSCs through increased exosomal Wnt11 autocrine signaling, which provides a novel strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of hucMSCs on wound healing".

Taken altogether, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the indole-3-carbinol may be considered a supplement for speed-up wound healing, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

The Kitchen Spice Turmeric Inhibits Parameters Associated with the Onset of Stomach/GastricCancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a group of medical conditions caused by the irregular cell growth in the tissue of specific organ due to the alternation of cell DNA.

The stomach located between the esophagus and the small intestine is a muscular, hollow and an important organ of the digestive tract.

Stomach/gastric cancer is a cancerous condition characterized by abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inner lining of the stomach. At the advanced stage, after growing in size, over time cancer cells can invade other healthy tissue or organ by traveling a distance away from the stomach, leading to secondary metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma arisen from the glands in the mucosa is the most common type of stomach cancer associated with

* Superficial spreading

It is an early stage of cancer and tends to be less aggressive.

* Polyploid
Cancer grows in a pattern like a polyp and is less aggressive.

*Infiltrating

Cancer grows in infiltrating pattern into the stomach wall and is more aggressive.

* Linitis plastica
Cancer grows diffusivity throughout the whole wall of the stomach.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US, approximately
27,510 cases of stomach cancer will be diagnosed in 2019, including 17,230 men and 10,280 women.
Sadly, 11,140 people will also die from stomach cancer in 2019 including 6,800 men and 4,340 women.

Most cases of stomach cancer are diagnosed in older adults with an average age of 68 and over.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of gastric cancer, researchers examined the effect of curcumin in an animal model.

The study included BALB/C mice grafted with a mouse gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (MFC) fed with different doses of curcumin after grafting.

According to the tested assays,

* Tumor growth (size and weight) was significantly inhibited by curcumin treatment, compared to controls.

* The apoptotic rate of gastric cancer cells was significantly increased in the curcumin treatment group.

* Splenocyte cells from mice treated with curcumin exhibited higher cytolytic effects on MFC cancer cells compared to those treated with saline.

* Furthermore, the curcumin treatment group also inhibited the expression of pathways associated with oxidative stress-induced inflammation(STAT3), the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis(HIF-1α,), poor prognosis, and clinical outcome (DEC1), and angiogenesis( VEGF).

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "curcumin inhibits the proliferation of gastric carcinoma by inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, activating immune cells to secrete a large number of cytokines, and down-regulating the DEC1, HIF-1α, VEGF and STAT3 signal transduction pathways".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of stomach/gastric cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.