Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Monday 19 March 2018

Green Tea 91 Health Benefits and Counting, Studies Expressed

# 91 Green tea - Leaves of Camellia sinensis Health Benefits and Counting

Better than Aspirin Single Herb in Inhibited Platelet Aggregation to Prevent Onset of Cardiovascular Disease without Any Adverse Effects

Arnica may have a profound and positive effect in inhibited platelet aggregation, thus reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, some scientists suggested.

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.

The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.

In the study of several plants extract including Arnica to evaluate anti-platelet and cytotoxic effects on blood platelets, researchers found that flowers of arnica (A. montana) extract exhibited a significant effect in on platelet reactivity and cell viability, according to assays from standard method.

According to the flow cytometric monitoring of platelet cytotoxicity, application of phenolic acid-rich extract of Arnic at doses of 7.5 and 15 µg/ml significantly reduced Adenine di-Phosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation in both whole blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Further analysis also suggested that the extract decreased the platelet reactivity index (PRI; VASP phosphorylation) used as markers for clinical outcomes in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in whole blood, through its antioxidant capacity.

Interestingly, Arnica extract displayed huge suppressed platelet hyper-reactivity, without influenced interfering cytotoxity.

These results indicated that high polyphenol content of flower extract of Arnica consisted an excellent antioxidant capacity and exceptional anti-platelet properties in compared to the application of the extract of J. regia husks in reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and PRI at doses of 7.5 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml.

According to the a randomized clinical trial conducted by the Canadian Family Physician, with 18 patients selected from the Centre Hostipatier of Laval University divided into 2 group. group A received Arnica 5CH at frist visit and 2 week later received placebo and group B receievd reverse application as of group A.

In the analysis along the period of experiment, one patient was excluded from the study due to bleeding over 9.5 minutes in compared to only 5 minutes of the normal baseline.

Group A exerted an increase of bleeding time of .59 minutes in compared to reduce of .26 minutes in group B all in compared to normal bleeding time at the baseline.

Application of Arnica showed an significant effect in Fibrinogen (factor I), a glycoprotein circulates in the blood with function to converted enzymatically by thrombin to fibrin and subsequently to a fibrin-based blood clot during injure without affecting the PT, PTT, platelet count and pro coagulant activity.

Moreover application of Arnica also exerted no significant modification of platelet aggregation in application of 4 dilution collagen, ADP and epinephrine in compared the increased levels of platelet aggregation of collagen, ADP and epinephrine after 3 weeks of treatment in the study of 39 patients.

The conflict result of the study may be caused by several reasons, including

* The nature of patients condition

* Doses of Arnica with a strong implication of blood coagulation was not mentioned used in the experiment

* The types of test use was not clarified

And the result was not statistic analysis.

Taken together, Arnica as whole herb and its flower extract may have potential effect in inhibited platelet aggregation in induced risk of bleeding. However. due to conflict results, additional large example size conducted by mutli centers are necessary to re affirm the viability.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Arthritis Is Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Comparison of cytotoxic and anti-platelet activities of polyphenolic extracts from Arnica montana flowers and Juglans regia husks by Rywaniak J1, Luzak B, Podsedek A, Dudzinska D, Rozalski M, Watala C.(PubMed)
(2) The effects of Arnica Montana in Bleeding Time, A randomized Clinical Trial by Canadian Family Physician

Sunday 18 March 2018

Turmeric Users, Beware of 11 Adverse Effects, Studies Showed

Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia. The herbs although has been found to process numbers of medical health benefits advocated by medical literature, it also induced some adverse effect that users should be aware.

Side effects of Turmeric
1. Overdose may cause gastrointestinal pain and discomfort
According to the joint study lead by the Mahidol University, Bangkok, in a total of the 367 primary knee osteoarthritis patients with a pain score of 5 or higher randomized to receive ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day or C. domestica extracts 1,500 mg/day for 4 weeks.

Although the extract expressed a similar effect in reduced symptoms of pain in tested patients, it also was found to induce number of events of abdominal pain/discomfort but less intense in those treated with ibuprofen.

2. Allergic skin rashes, and Fever

The side effects were reported by the Bhavan's Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda Research Centre, in the study of 9 healthy volunteers between 20 and 33 years of age administered 0.6 ml of turmeric oil (TO) three times a day for 1 month and 1 ml in 3 divided doses for 2 month to test for haemoglobin, blood counts, liver and kidney functions, bleeding and clotting time and serum electrolytes initially and at 1 and 3 months of treatment.

3. Increased risk of bleeding

Intake of turmeric may increase risk of bleeding due to anticoagulant activities exerted by its major bioactive compound curcumin and its derivatives, particularly, in people with bleeding disorders, according to Kyungpook National University.

4. People who plan to have a surgery, should stop taking turmeric a few weeks in advance to reduce risk of bleeding.

5. Induced gallbladder contraction

The dosage of cucumin capable of producing a 50% contraction of the bladder was 40 mg nonlinearly.

6. Lower Blood pressure

Turmeric clinically expressed a significant effect in reduced blood pressure, therefor People with hypotension are advised not to take turmeric and its bioactive compound curcumin.

7. Kidney stone

Consumption of turmeric and its supplement can significantly increase risk of kidney stone due to high levels of oxalate contents.

8. Increased risk of infertility in men

Intake of turmeric should be taken with care if you are in planning of getting a conception as turmeric's curcumin was found to be an effective agent in inhibited sperm forward motility by intracellular acidification and hyperpolarization of sperm plasma membrane, the West Virginia University suggested.

9. Induced iron deficiency

Turmeric contained from 0.5 to 33 mg polyphenol per meal may be considered as a potent inhibitor of iron availability (20-90%), reducifing iron availability in a dose-dependent manner, the Dr, Tuntipopipat S, the lead author at the Mahidol University.

10 and 11 Pregnancy and breast feeding

Due to induced iron deficiency adverse effects, women are advised not to take turmeric during months of maternity and post maternity to prevent reduced lactation to the mother and symptoms of
feeling weak and tired, feeling dizzy or cranky, headaches, shortness of breath, trouble concentrating, and a pale appearance to both.

Finally, Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant and breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

References

(1) Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study by Kuptniratsaikul V1, Dajpratham P1, Taechaarpornkul W2, Buntragulpoontawee M3, Lukkanapichonchut P4, Chootip C5, Saengsuwan J6, Tantayakom K7, Laongpech S8.(PubMed)

(2) Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative by Kim DC1, Ku SK, Bae JS.(PubMed)

(3) Effect of different curcumin dosages on human gall bladder by Rasyid A1, Rahman AR, Jaalam K, Lelo A.(PubMed)

(4) Curcumin protects against cadmium-induced vascular dysfunction, hypertensionand tissue cadmium accumulation in mice byKukongviriyapan U1, Pannangpetch P2, Kukongviriyapan V3, Donpunha W4, Sompamit K5, Surawattanawan P(PubMed)

(5) Effect of cinnamon and turmeric on urinary oxalate excretion, plasma lipids, and plasma glucose in healthy subjects by Tang M1, Larson-Meyer DE, Liebman M.(PubMed)

(6) The Effect of Curcumin on Intracellular pH (pHi), Membrane Hyperpolarization and Sperm Motility by Naz RK(PubMed)

(7) Inhibitory effects of spices and herbs on iron availability by Tuntipopipat S1, Zeder C, Siriprapa P, Charoenkiatkul S.(PubMed)

The Impact of Free Testosterone on Obesity

Testosterone is a male hormone. Besides promoting libido, the sex hormone also has other important functions such as maintaining muscle mass and forming bone, regulating heart muscle and cholestertol.

Obesity
Obese men have high levels of both estrogen and estradiol, because of male hormones are being converted to estrogen when fat cells synthesize the aromatase enzyme. Study shows that fat tissues have been shown to aromatize testosterone resulting in increasing of estrogen.

I. Obesity caused by Testosterone Deficiency
Testosterone deficiency is caused by the production of aromataze enzyme in fat cells as well as in the intake of saturated fat.

1. Aging
Aging people have great difficulty in losing weight because starting at the age of 40 the levels of prolactin increases, stimulating the conversion of dihydro-testosterone resulting in increased levels of estrogen causing enlarged prostate and abdominal fat in some men.

2. Insulin resistance
Low levels of testosterone cause excess insulin in the bloodstream resulting in depletion of glucose and creating a cognition of reactive hypoglycemia that generates a constant craving for sugar. Too much insulin prevents the release of fat, in other words causing fat build up resulting in fat build up and obesity.

3. DHEA deficiency
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a substance made by the adrenal gland. It is the precursor of the sex steroids estrogen and testosterone. DHEA has some male hormone effects and deficiency of DHEA contributes to fatigue, poor concentration and diminished overall body functions and fat build up.

4. Aromatase
Aromatase is an enzyme of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, whose function is to aromatize androgen and produce estrogen. As men age they produce greater amounts of aromatase enzymes that cause the conversion of testosterone into estrogen resulting in male hormone deficiency and obesity.

5. Vitamins and minerals deficiency
Vitamins and minerals are natural aromatase enzyme inhibitors helping to block the conversion of testosterone into excess estrogen. Vitamins and minerals deficiency levels block the pituitary gland from releasing lutein and follicle stimulation of hormone which stimulates the production of testosterone resulting in low levels of testosterone and insulin resistance as well as fat build up.

II. Symptoms of Obesity caused by Testosterone Deficiency
The obese men caused by testosterone deficiency have the: same symptom of the aging men as we mentioned in other articles, such as
1. Decreased sexual function
2. Loss of bone density
3. Graving for sugars
4. Loss of muscle mass
5. Overweight and abdominal fat
6. Memory loss
7. Poor concentration, etc.

III. Prevention and treatment
Natural remedies used include foods, nutritional supplements, herbs and Chinese herbs that help to increase the levels of free testosterone and to lose weight.
1.Egg
Egg contains zinc, iron, vitamin A, antioxidants, protein and testosterone. The antioxidants and testosterone present in egg have an effect in testosterone-boosting ratio of saturated fat to polyunsaturated . The high amounts of vitamins B5 and B6 in egg also helps to balance the hormone levels in our body and fight stress. Overloading with eggs may increase levels of cholesterol but eating one egg a day is ideal for vitalizing and regenerative effects resulting in more production of testosterone.

2. Cold water fish
Besides plenty of omega 3 and 6, cold water fish is an excellent source of vitamin A and zinc that helps the binding of sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol.

3.Yohimbe
Yohimbe contains the compound yohimbine that has been used as a major ingredient in several prescription drugs for impotence. Yohimbine helps impotence caused by poor circulation and emotional problems resulting in raising your testosterone levels and your libido and reducing appetite.

4. Saw palmetto
Saw palmetto helps to promote prostate health and increase sexual stimulation. It also helps estrogen and estrogen receptor activity resulting in a healthy hormone balance, thus increasing sexual desire in men.

5.Tongkat ali
Tongkat ali has been shown to raise testosterone by stimulating the leydig cells of the testicles to produce more testosterone. Tangkat ali also helps in supporting erectile function and ejaculatory function resulting in increased size of male penis and sexual desire.

6.Reishi Reishi is a supreme protector that helps to strengthen the immune system, anti-forgoing stress, improves blood, and qi circulation and memory. Reishi also helps to protect the liver from toxins and protect the lungs from pollutants as a resulting of eliminating the surplus of estrogen and sex hormone binding globulin and helping the release of human growth hormone (HGH).

7. Horny Goat Weed
Horny goat weed contains a variety of flavonoids such as icariin that helps to relax the blood vessels leading to the penis, which allows them to expand resulting in stronger and harder erection. It also helps to treat low levels of testosterone and increased sexual desire at the same time.

8. Garlic
Garlic is one of nature's superfoods that helps lower levels of cholesterol, normalizes blood pressure and increases circulation of oxygen levels in bloodstream. Garlic is also a stimulant that helps to increase men's libido by promoting the production of sex hormone in the pituitary gland. Please consult with your doctor if you have any bleeding problems before taking garlic supplements.

9. Zinc and iron
Deficiency of zinc and iron causes the depletion of oxygen levels and poor circulation of the bloodstream as indirectly resulting in erectile dysfunction. Since zinc also promotes healthy prostate glands that increases the release of prostate fluids that helps to stimulate the sexual desire by increasing the production of levels of free testosterone.

10. Choromium picolinate
Choromium not only helps to stabilize blood glucose levels and stop the craving for sweets, it also helps to increase lean body as well as reducing insulin resistance.

11. DHEA
DHEA allows our body to create other hormones such as testosterone. The deficiency of DHEA causes the deficiency of other sex hormones resulting in loss of bone density, increasing of body mass, hardening of blood vessels, low sex drive. It also help to boost the insulin growth factor resulting in weight loss.

12. L- carnitin
L-caritin helps to take the fatty acid inside the cells and burn them up.

13. Excersise
Walking 50 minutes a week will help to improve the circulation of oxygen levels in the bloodstream and increase the human growth hormone as well as helping to regulate the testosterone levels in the body.

14. Cut down intake of saturated fat and trans fat
Our brain needs fat to function better, but unhealthy diet that is high in saturated fat and trans fat causes not only the build up of the abdominal area but also increases the risk of hormone imbalance by stimulating the binding of sex hormone binding globulin which clogs up testosterone receptor sites resulting in low levels of free testosterone, sexual desire and overweight.

Finally
15. Stop smoking and reduce intake of acohol
Cigarette is a stimulant that not only increases heart beat but also causes the depletion of oxygen levels in the blood stream. It also increases binding of SHBG resulting in lowered levels of free testosterone and Excessive drinking impairs the function of liver resulting in hormone imbalance as well as increasing the levels of estrogen.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home Page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Saturday 17 March 2018

The Nightshade Vegetable Gets Rid of Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension Effectively, Medical Literature Reviewed

Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, some scientists suggested.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.

1. Hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder of cholesterol metabolism characterized by abnormal high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, one of the leading cause of cardiovascular disease.

Hyperlipidemia is a chronic condition of abnormal high levels of blood cholesterol.

According to statistic, approximately 78 million U.S. adults (nearly 37%) had abnormal high blood cholesterol levels in US in 2012.

In the investigation of the blood lipid effect of four eggplant varieties on lipid indices in 108 adult albino rats for 4 weeks (30days), assigned to 2 major groups (fed with 10% and 20% eggplant supplementation) with four sub groups (Groups A-D) and remainder rat assigned to control group fed with commercial feed, at the end of experiment, researchers found that all groups fed with eggplant supplement regardless to doses exhibit a significant lower blood cholesterol in compared to control group.

Further analysis indicated that administration of diet supplemented at dose of 10% and 20% of S. aetheopicum and S. gilo in rat group showed a highest of 9.92 and 9.53 and lowest 7.65 and 5.95g weight gain respectively.

Levels of cholesterol concentration of (60.76±1.7mg/dl) also was found significant lower in the 20% S. gilo supplemented diet rat group in compared to control and levels of HDL concentration significantly increased in rats placed on 10% and 20% S. macrocarpon (oval) and S. gilo supplemented diet respectively relative to the control group.

The results finding indicated that all 4 varieties of eggplant exerted s strong effect in displayed weight reduction and improved hypolipidemic levels.

Although Solanum gilo and S. macrocarpon (oval) displayed higher hypocholesterolemia than other 2 groups, over all, all groups increased HDL and reduced weight gain in tested subjects.

Dr. OSSAMULU, the lead author, after taking into account of other con founders said, "(The findings suggested that eggplant) can be employed in the management of overweight and several cardiovasular diseases".

In the study to test the efficacy of dried powdered fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena) used in traditional medicine in Bazil for treatment of human hyperlipidemia, researchers at the the joint study lead by the Instituto de Endocrinologia de Maringá conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled study to test the effectiveness of oral Solanum melongena (SM) in a total of 41 hyperlipidemic volunteers allocated to active treatment (n= 21, received two capsules containing SM (450 mg) or placebo (n= 20, 450 mg) twice a day for 3 months, indicated that there were no significant difference of levels of serum triglycerides, HDL-c, VLDL-c, AST, ALT, gGT, glucose and body mass index, in the group treated with SM in compared to placebo.

And both groups expressed the same levels of decrease of levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c.

The result of the findings prompted Dr. Silvard fruits), require further clinical trials before being recommended to treat hyperlipidemia".

Contrast to the above study, oral application of infusion of a powdered preparation of the eggplant fruit of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers, receiving either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments, exhibited a strong effect in significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B in compared to control, according to the Intraindividual analysis.

However, after taking into account of dietary orientation, researchers suggested that no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed.

Dr. Guimarães PR, the lead scientist at the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas said, " S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities)".

2, Hypertension

Hypertension is long term medical condition characterized by abnormal high blood pressure.

According to statistic from the World Health organization, high blood pressure affects 1.13 billion people worldwide and from 1975 to 2015, mean systolic blood pressure and blood pressure have stayed more or less the same in men and has decreased slightly among women.

According to the University of Massachusetts, eggplant containing high fiber and low soluble carbohydrate content and the phenolic-linked antioxidant activity and alpha-glucosidase exerted powerful antioxidant effects in inhibited free radical expression and ROS chain reaction to induce type 2 diabetes' complications such as hypertension.

Further analysis also suggested that the functional food also inhibited the angiotensin hormone which has been found to elevate vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure in diabetics.
Dr. Kwon YI, after taking into account of other con founders, suggested. " high angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (Of eggplant),....... provide a strong biochemical basis for ....... reducing associated hypertension".

Indeed, the recommendation to include portion eggplant in daily diet by the National Diabetes Education Program of NIH, Mayo Clinic and American Diabetes Association may be a choice to reduce diabetes complication risk of hypertension.

The illustration strong indicated that oxidative stress initiated by ROS may place an important role in risk of diabetes and diabetes' hypertension..
Interestingly, in the study to evaluate the cardiovascular action of Solanum melongena extract (SME) in vivo and in vitro, researchers found that application of SME display a significant and produced dose-dependent effect in reduced hypertensive responses in normotensive albino rats through modulated expression of β-adrenoceptor on cardiac and smooth muscle tissues in precipitated high blood pressure.

Additionally, administration of SME regulated the stimulation of the expression of muscarinic receptor in reduced high blood pressure as well as improving heart rate.

Furthermore, SME injection also decreased the efficacy of the medication of β-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, and the cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine in regulated abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).

In other words, increasing doses of β-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, and the cholinergic receptor blocker may be necessary to achieve the same effect in reduced risk of heart attack with intake of eggplant.

More precisely, researchers suggested that SME modulated high blood pressure through induction of vaso-relaxation and negative inotropy and mediation of the β-adrenergic and acetylcholine receptors in promoted vasodilation of the resistant vessels and a reduction in heart activity, respectively.

Conclusively, in compared to Captopril, a hypertensive medicine, researchers also indicated that possibly, the hypotensive effect of SME could be attributed for by SME influence on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, which is a hormone system with function in regulated blood pressure and fluid balance.

In fact, the effect of eggplant in regulated function of diuresis in the renin-angiotensin system may be resulted of ameliorated risk of high blood pressure as diuretics was found to associate to the function of kidneys in removal of more sodium and water from the body, triggering relaxation of the blood vessel walls, thereby lowering blood pressure.

Taking altogether, although there are no universal confirmation, eggplant may have potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of hyperlipidemia and Hypertension,

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
On-line version ISSN 1414-431X Braz J Med Biol Res vol.33 n.9 Ribeirão Preto Sept. 2000
(2) Hypolipidemic Properties of Four Varieties of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) by ,OSSAMULU, I, feanyi Famous; 2,AKANYA, Helmina Olufunmilayo; 3,JIGAM, Ali Audu; 4,EGWIM , Evans Chidi 5,ADEYEMI, Henry Yemi, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science InventionISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X www.ijpsi.org Volume 3 Issue 8 ‖ August 2014 ‖ PP.47-54
(3) [Absence of hypolipidemic effect of Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) on hyperlipidemic patients].[Article in Portuguese] by Silva GE1, Takahashi MH, Eik Filho W, Albino CC, Tasim GE, Serri Lde A, Assef AH, Cortez DA, Bazotte RB.(PubMed)

(4) In vitro studies of eggplant (Solanum melongena) phenolics as inhibitors of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension by Kwon YI1, Apostolidis E, Shetty K.(PubMed)
(5) Hypotensive action of Solanum melongena on normotensive rats by O. L. Shum and K. W. Chiu(Wiley Online Library)

A Herbal Extract Better Than Antidepressant Fluoxetine in Regulated Autonomic and Endocrine Function Without Inducing Adverse Effects

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of dpression, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Depression is a condition of mood disorder. affecting the patients feel, think, and handle daily activities.

According to statistic of The National Institute of Mental Health, approximately, 16 million adults had at least one major depressive episode in 2012 in the United States, a 6.9 percent of the population.

In the evaluation of the herbal Anise aqueous and ethanol extracts antidepressant-like effect in mice with several different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in compared to the standard medicine Fluoxetine at dose of 30mg/kg and and imipramine at dose of 20mg/kg, researchers at the joint study lead by the Azad University showed that except the dose at 50mg/kg of aqueous extract, application of other doses demonstrated a linearly significant improvement of mobility times.
Further analysis also found that all doses from Anise extract increased the swimming time dose-dependently, without any significant change in climbing time in tested mice similar to those of Fluoxetine and in compared to aqueous extract.

Moreover, Fluoxetine and imipramine expressed a strong decreased immobility time in both tests in contrast to imipramine increased climbing time without any significant change in swimming time.

The result suggested that both extracts in dose higher than 50mg/kg display antidepressant-like activity similar to that of fluoxetine through improved mobility of depressed mice as inactivity is considered as one of major symptoms in patients with depression.
As the depression progressed, patients demonstrated a behavior in making efforts to escape from society, eventually will exhibit immobility with reflection of psychological despair.

Dr. Shahamat Z the lead author said, " P. anisum possesses an antidepressant-like activity similar to that of fluoxetine, which has a potential clinical value for application in the management of depression".
Additionally, in the testing essential (volatile) oil and essential oil of Piper laetispicum antidepressant activity in compared to Fluoxetine as standard antidepressant drug and other natural remedies including Leaves-Bay, Curry, Coriander and Mint; Fruits-Star anise, Pepper, Cardamom, Caraway and Fennel; Seeds of Fenugreek, Mustard, Nutmeg and Black Cumin; and Underground stem-Onion, Garlic, Ginger and Turmeric; Miscellaneous-Clove, Cinnamon, Capsicum, Tamarind and Asafoetida, reserachers found that all participated essential oil, specially anise produced a significant reduction in immobility along with an increase in climbing behavior similar to those of fluoxetine.
The application of essential oil caused a dose -dependent reduction( probably in dose less than 50 mg/kg) in immobility which is contracted to the above study and an increase in climbing at all studied doses in compared to control group.
However, the test may not take into effect in real life patients who need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from expression of symptoms.
Further more, in the examine of the efficacy of anise oil, in removing the symptoms of mild to moderate depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome of a total of 120 randomly assigned into 3 equal groups received anise oil, Colpermin, and placebo, at the end of the study, scientists showed that application of anise group exerted a continuously improvement of the syndrome in compared to the other 2 groups with some unknown mechanisms.

Some researchers postulated that essential oil smell may have a profound effect to the brain in triggering emotional reaction in stimulating the limbic system in regulated autonomic and endocrine function, particularly, in response to emotional stimuli in expression of motivation and reinforcing behaviors.

Additionally, the application of essential oil scent also have a direct influence in calming the central nervous system in ameliorated over production of certain hormones in reacted to the unfavorably emotional behaviors.
Taken together, Anise essential oil may be used as a secondary therapy to standard medicine in treatment of depression.
For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Evaluation of antidepressant-like effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Pimpinella anisum fruit in mice by Shahamat Z1, Abbasi-Maleki S2, Mohammadi Motamed S3.(PubMed)
(2) Effectiveness of Anise Oil for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Randomized Active and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial by Maryam Mosaffa-Jahromi, PharmD, PhD, Ali-Mohammad Tamaddon, PharmD, PhD, Suleiman Afsharypuor, PharmD, PhD, Alireza Salehi, MD, MPH, PhD, Seyed Hassan Seradj, PharmD, PhD, Mehdi Pasalar MD, MPH, PhD, Peyman Jafari, PhD, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, MD (Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine)
(3) Essential oil isolation from culinary drugs and screening for antidepressant potential Mohib Abdul Jalil Khan , Imtiyaz Ansari, Amjad Ali Mohammad Iqbal Oriental College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra- 400705, India.(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES INPHARMACY MEDICINE AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES)
(4) The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior by Roni Yankelevitch-Yahav, 1 , 2 Motty Franko, 2 Avrham Huly, 2 and Ravid Doron(PMC)

Green Tea Inhibited 7 Common Types of Liver Disease, Scientists Revealed

Green tea may have a potentially hepoprotective effect in prevention and treatment of liver disease, renowned institutes postulated.

Liver disease is a reduced function in toxin elimination of liver as a result of damage or injure, causing by medication, viral infection,....

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

However, as yin in nature herbal medicine ,or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

According to the joint study lead by the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, in the review of the data base of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, regular green tea drinking is associated to a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease(1), including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.

Green tea demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease regardless of races and geographies(1) of the patients resided such as Asian, American and European subgroups.

1. Liver Cancer

Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the liver tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.

In the review of medical literature published online, green tea bioactive phytochemicals such as Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF), in prevention and treatment of liver cancer have been postulated by several mechanisms.

In liver cancer, animal model induced by chronic exposure of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a carcinogenic and mutagenic organic compound, application of green tea bioactive compounds Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) demonstrated a strong effect in reduced initiation of cancer formation and potential chemopreventive effect in pre and post treatment of the injected animal(5).

Further observation showed that EGCG/TF action in restrain the over expression of liver cancer also modulate similarly to those of CD44-specific cell membrane binding combined with near-infrared irradiation in induction of cellular apoptosis(5).

High CD44-positive expression is found to associate to acute cancer cells killing.

The restriction processes of EGCG/TF in modification of onset of liver cancer development, was also found to modify multiple biogenesis involved maintaining a relatively stable equilibrium in organs tissues(self-renewal Wnt/β-catenin, Hh/Gli1 pathways) in gene with implication of cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation and cell differentiation and proliferation(Cyclin D1, cMyc and EGFR) and tumor suppressor (E-cadherin)(5) during the carcinogenesis processes.

The therapeutic efficacy of tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) also regulated the proteins expression of cell differentiation, polarity and proliferation(the self-renewal Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways)(6).during CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.

Application of green tea bioactive tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) induced chemo preventive potential in maintain cell integrity at the 30 weeks of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine application(6).

Continuous administration of EGCG/TF also exerted a strong impact in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, as well as decreased function of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in participated restoration of the cancerous liver tissue and population with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in liver carcinoma(6) observed by AFP and CD44 expression.in CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.

Also, during the restriction processes of EGCG/TF, the bioactive compounds also modulated the expression of tumor progression to a more invasive phenotype(phospho-β-catenin-Y-654), tumor suppressor(β-catenin), the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer gene(sFRP1 ) and gene in control tumor suppressor(β-catenin)(6).

In other words, green tea EGCG/TF inhibited the contaminated cells inflicted by injection of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine to prevent the initiation of liver cancer through modulation of certain gene expressions involved in liver cancer progression.

In short, the inhibition of liver carcinogenesis by EGCG/TF was attributed to reduction in hepatocyte progenitor cell and stem cell population in restored liver cancerous cells damage through various mechanisms indicated above.

2. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is a condition caused by over accumulated of fat in the liver.

According to the University of Connecticut, Storrs, the efficacy of green tea for treatment of obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated to polyphenolic catechins in induction of hypolipidemic, thermogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities(7).

These chemical compound have also found to mitigate the occurrence and progression of NAFLD.

Dr. Masterjohn C(7), the lead author said, "(The phytochemical compounds are) demonstrating the hepatoprotective properties of green tea and its catechins and the proposed mechanisms by which these targeted dietary agents protect against NAFLD".

In mice fed on a high-fat diet for 24 weeks, then injected with EGCG (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip), for 4 weeks, researchers found that treated mice showed a significant improvement of high-fat diet in induced the body weight, grade 2 or 3 liver fatty degeneration (steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning), severe hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance(8)..

The phytocheimcal EGCG, in dose-dependent also enhanced insulin clearance and upregulated IDE protein expression and enzyme activity(8) in regulated levels of glucose in the liver of treated mice.

In fact EGCG not only promoted weigh loss but also attenuated symptoms of mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Administration of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, not only decreased weight gain and significantly lowered visceral fat but also reduced fasting serum insulin, glucose and lipids levels(9), through ameliorated expression of hepatic TG accumulation and cytoplasmic lipid droplet(9) as well as diminished hepatic lipogenesis and triglycerides out flux from liver(9).

3. Liver Cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis is a condition of abnormal function of liver due to damage liver tissue replaced by scar tissue.
According to statistic, risk of liver cirrhosis is 1.6% in adult population.

Green tea polyphenols in reduced risk and treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis was found to associate to numbers of implication, involving various mechanisms.

In male SD rats model induced liver cirrhosis through carbon tetrachloride(CCL4), randomly assigned to 3 groups, including normal group, green tea extract (GTE) group and cirrhosis group, with GTE group and the cirrhosis group were injected subcutanuously 2 times/wk over 9 weeks with 40% Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), researcher found that green tea treatment groups displayed a significant reduction of concentration of hydroxyproline(11), an amino acid produced during the hydrolysis of collagen initiate scar accumulation in the liver damage tissue caused by CCl4)(11) in compared to cirrhosis group.

Green tea application also exhibited antioxidant activities in decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA)(11), a highly toxic reactive species in precipitated liver damage induced by application of carbon tetrachloride(CCL4).

Green tea extract ameliorated the liver damage cell in formation of cirrhosis through attenuating the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1(11) in initiated cell growth, cell proliferation.

In differentiation of 11 patients with hepatitis C and detectable viremia of 4 Child-Pugh (CP) class A cirrhosis, 4 Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis, and 3 noncirrhotic, researchers at the Thomas Jefferson University indicated that injection of a single oral dose of green tea extract 400 mg containing 94% pure EGCG demonstrated a strong effect in reduced cirrhosis over expression in induction of liver tumor growth(12) by inhibiting the virus hepatitis in facilitated production of ROS species through chronic liver inflammation(12), according to the blood sample withdrawn from the patients without inducing liver toxicity.

Dr. Halegoua-De Marzio D(11), after taking into account of other con founders said, "A single 400-mg oral dose of EGCG was safe and well tolerated by all of the patients in the study" and disposition of EGCG was not significantly altered in these patients with cirrhosis".

In the concern of abnormal angiogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis in induction of severe complications such as variceal haemorrhage and encephalopathy, Dr. Hsu SJ and colleges conducted a study to investigate the effect of green tea extract in Spraqtue-Dawley rats liver induced in by common BDL (bile duct ligation) in compared to control given distill water for 28 days and found that group treated with green tea extract expressed a strong implication in ameliorated the severity of portosystemic shunting(10), a rare malformation of the vessels supplying blood to the liver caused by excessive shunting of blood from the liver portal vein to the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart due to liver cirrhosis(10) in induction portal hypertension, one of complication of variceal haemorrhage in patient with chronic liver cirrhosis and mesenteric angiogenesis(10) in development of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to initiate liver cancer.

The effect of green tea GTP extract in reduced progression of liver cirrhosis was attributed to the suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)(10) in expression of liver disease of diverse etiologies, including chronic liver diseases caused by viral infection, excessive alcohol consumption and activation of protein kinase B (Akt)(10) in regulated infectious liver cell survival, cell-cycle progression,... and levels of VEGF(10) in reflection of increased portal hypertension or decreased hepatic regenerative activity or the combination of both.

Dr.Hsu SJ(10), the lead author said after the conclusion, "GTP appears to be an appropriate agent in controlling portal hypertension-related complications via anti-angiogenesis.

4. Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is a liver disease with excessive accumulation of scar tissue as a result of inflammation and liver cell death

According to Fibro Test, approximately, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 2.8% in a general population aged 40 years or older.

Application of a novel bio-nano particle named 'Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract' at the ultrastructural level on 25 adult rats induced liver toxicity by injection of carbon-tetrachloride and ethanol doses for 3 weeks, expressed a significant reduction of nearly 25% of the sub-cellular area infected with hepatic fibrosis(13).

The efficacy of Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract in decreased liver fibroids was attributed to the antioxidant activity in inhibited the expression of the injected chemicals in induction over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(13) in chain reaction to elevated oxidative stress in initiation of liver cell apoptosis.

Observed by scanning electron microscopy, oral administration of novel bio-nano particle also exerted a strong free radical scavengers effect in protected against changes of cell surface structure and surrounding area between the hepatocytes(14), thus ameliorated risk of collagen deposit to cause liver fibroids.

In carbon tetrachloride CCL4 induced fibrotic liver tissues in rat models, treatment of green tea extract (GTE) encapsulated into Chitosan Nanoparties (CS-NPs) revealed that collagen fibers of 250 to 300 nm widths found in the fibrotic liver samples of control group with no treatment in compared to no collagen fibers in green tea treatment group(11).

The effectiveness of GTE is reduced expression of collagen fibers in the liver a was found to correlate to the antioxidant expression in reduced CCL4(11) in induction of over production of free radicals in precipitated liver tissue damage.

In the evaluation of the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats, researchers at the Korea University, indicated that application of GT inhibited activated HSC-T6(15), a rat hepatic stellate cell line which is considered as the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis.

The application also attenuated the collagen deposition which are elevated and acted as a biomaker for progression of liver fibrosis, particularly, in expression of collagen type 1 formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage(15), found in the early event in the development of hepatic fibrosis, confirmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content.

Dr. Kim HK(15), the lead author said, "green tea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic fibrosis".

5. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by immune system attacking the liver cells in induction of liver cirrhosis as a result of long term liver cellular inflammation and necrosis.

The study of concanavalin A (ConA) (25 mg/kg) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, pretreatment of green tea exerted a strong inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through increased Bcl-2 expression(16) with function of blocking the apoptotic death of some cells and deceased activity of protein Bax in activated p53, a tumor suppressor to induce cell death and caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins(16) in signaling molecules in responsible for executing cell death in compared to ConA-treated group within 8 hours of applications, according to observation of TUNEL assay by detecting apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation.

In other words, green tea EGCG administration reduced expression of ConA in induction of decreased numbers of infectious cells being attacked by the immune system, thus ameliorating risk of liver cell damage.

Application of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (10 or 30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 10 days before ConA injection also demonstrated a significant activity in reduced activation of BNIP3(16), a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family in mediated infectious cell apoptosis through autophagy(16) in induced destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components in compared to lectin ConA.

The result of green tea EGCG efficacy in induction of BNIP3 to decrease expression of concanavalin A (ConA) in reduction of numbers infectious cell proliferation was attributed to the IL-6/JAK/STAT3(16) signaling pathway which plays an important role in the mechanisms in exhibited green tea EGCG antioxidant activity in blocking infectious cells migration and invasion in exhibited hepatoprotective effect.

In other words, said, Dr. Li S(16), the lead scientist "EGCG attenuated liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis by down-regulating IL-6/JAKs/STAT3/BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy".

Further differentiation also found that green tea EGCG administration inhibited the immune over reaction and pathological damage by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)(16), tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) in activated systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.

Green tea also modulated the inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6)(16), the pro inflammatory cytokines and anti inflammatory mytokins promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)(16), a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating immune responses to the infectious tissue, as well as cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β)(16), a key mediator of the inflammatory response in protected body against pathological invasion.

6. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of acute and chronic liver disease, caused by a double stranded DNA virus HBV transmitted through infected blood, semen, or other body fluid.

According to the statistic, positive carriers among Canadian is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0%., depending to ethnicity.

According to the evaluation of the effect of green tea bioactive polyphenos epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) and risk of hepatitis B, application of the phytochemical inhibited HBV replication in the testing Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(17), through a significant effect in reduced prevalence of liver damage caused by hepatitis B virus.

Injection of EGCG at the dose of less than 100 μM in the observed liver cancer cell line showed no effect in induced cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation but exhibited a strong effect in ameliorated expression of surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg)(18) and antigen of hepatitis B virus(18) circulated in infected blood (HBeAg) levels found by the ELISA method and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assay.

Differentiation in different HepG2 2.2.15 cells to compare the effective of green tea with standard antiretroviral medication lamivudine (3TC), researchers indicated that administration of EGCG shows a significant inhibition of viral proliferation through attenuated expression of levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and extracellular HBV DNA(18) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

At doses of 50-200 μg/ml EGCG displayed strong effects in compared to lamivudine (3TC) at dose of 200 μg/ml(18).

Application of EGCG also suppressed the extracellular HBV DNA(18), a nutrient source for viral cell proliferation and survival through attachment, aggregation, and stabilization of microcolonies.

The results of the experiments pointed out that green tea EGCG comprises a potential anti-HBV activity with low toxicity.

In the investigation of green tea EGCG effect in the early stages of infection caused by four different Hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D researchers also found that at dose of more than 80%, the phyochemical inhibited both DMSO-differentiated HuS-E/2 cells and HA-NTCP-expressing Huh7 cells(19) involved cancer cell process in early stage of proliferation through induced protein degradation and ameliorated serum of tansferrin(19).(the iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids)which is considered as a liver fibrosis biomarker in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

However, treatment of cells with EGCG had no effect on HBV genome replication or virion secretion(19) and the characteristic of HBV virion and the expression of known HBV entry factors were unaltered(19) out side of the host before attacking the liver tissue.

7. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is medical condition induced by contaminated food intake containing hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C has been found to associate with sever liver damage.

According to statistic, approximately 130–150 million people around the world are living with chronic HCV.

In Huh7.5.1 cells, a HCV cell culture (HCVcc) system using a JFH1-GFP chimeric virus, application of green tea EGCG with 50 % effective concentration (EC(50)) of 17.9 μM demonstrated a strong effect in interrupted HCV progression through monitoring HCV RNA and protein levels in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with the JFH1 virus(21) by preventing the mRNA in transferring infectious cell transcription in facilitated cell proliferation and division.

Injection of green tea at dose of 50 and 25 μM EGCG, expressed a significant inhibition of the presence of HCV after 2 and 5 passages in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) experiment(21), using an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strain, with little affect to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in initiated substitution of RNA sequences for viral protein synthesis(21) in shutting off classic host translation to evade host immune response.

Notably, in comparison of effect of green tea with potent anti-HCV medicine, cyclosporin A and tamoxifen, researchers indicated that application of green tea showed a strong anti HCV viral activity, similarly to those of anti hepatitis medicine through its antioxidant expression of flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 7,8-benzoflavone (α-naphthoflavone)(21), observed in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) by blocking the entry point of the virus in initiated infection to host cells(21) and stimulating the viral cell cycle arrest at the late stage of HCV life cycle(21), respectively

Some researchers in the evaluation of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in hepatitis C infection suggested that EGCG processed anti viral expression through interrupting the cross link between HCV life cycle involving steps of entry, replication(22).

Injection of a concentration of 50 μM of EGCG was found to inhibit HCV infectivity by more than 90% at an early step of the viral life cycle(20).

The interrupted property in blocking the HCV entry cycle to induce infection to the host cell was confirmed with HCV pseudoparticles(20), a experiment model system in expression of cellular attachment which is the essential component of the HCV entry process.

Green tea EGCG also prevented attachment of of the virus to the cell surface in ameliorated HCV infection to the host cell without effecting viral replication and virion secretion outside of the host(20).

Summary
Green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenols may be considered as function foods for reduced risk and treatment of various types of liver diseases. However, intake of green supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was reported in numbers of medical literature, such as

The single ingredients extract has also been found to induce hepotoxocity(2)(4) and acute liver dysfunction(4) in many occasions due to overdoses and long term usages.

Additionally, according to the Baylor College of Medicine and Dalhousie University, Halifax reported, "(There is) a case of acute impending liver failure in an adolescent male using a weight-loss product containing green tea extract" and "acute liver toxicity observed in individuals consuming supplements containing green tea extract"(3).

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Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources

(1) The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis by Yin X1, Yang J2, Li T3, Song L4, Han T5, Yang M1, Liao H1, He J1, Zhong X1.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(4) Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature by Molinari M1, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, Peltekian K.(PubMed)
(5) Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice by Sur S1, Pal D2, Roy R2, Barua A2, Roy A3, Saha P2, Panda CK4.(PubMed)
(6) Tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete and theaflavin restrict mouse liver carcinogenesis through modulation of self-renewal Wnt and hedgehog pathways by Sur S1, Pal D2, Mandal S3, Roy A4, Panda CK5.(PubMed)
(7) Therapeutic potential of green tea in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Masterjohn C1, Bruno RS.(PubMed)
(8) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice by Gan L1, Meng ZJ1, Xiong RB2, Guo JQ1, Lu XC1, Zheng ZW1, Deng YP1, Luo BD1, Zou F3, Li H1.(PubMed)
(9) Green tea polyphenols ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through upregulating AMPK activation in high fat fed Zucker fatty rats by Tan Y1, Kim J1, Cheng J1, Ong M1, Lao WG1, Jin XL1, Lin YG1, Xiao L1, Zhu XQ1, Qu XQ1.(PubMed)
(10) Green tea polyphenol decreases the severity of portosystemic collaterals and mesenteric angiogenesis in rats with liver cirrhosis by Hsu SJ, Wang SS, Hsin IF, Lee FY, Huang HC, Huo TI, Lee WS, Lin HC, Lee SD.(PubMed)
(11) [Green tea extracts protected against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage and cirrhosis].[Article in Chinese] by Xiao J1, Lu R, Shen X, Wu M.(PubMed)
(12) Limited sampling estimates of epigallocatechin gallate exposures in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with hepatitis C after single oral doses of green tea extract by Halegoua-De Marzio D1, Kraft WK, Daskalakis C, Ying X, Hawke RL, Navarro VJ.(PubMed)
(13) Effect of Green Tea Extract Encapsulated Into Chitosan Nanoparticles on Hepatic FibrosisCollagen Fibers Assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy in Rat Hepatic Fibrosis Model by Safer AM, Hanafy NA, Bharali DJ, Cui H, Mousa SA.(PubMed)
(14) Quantification of the Healing Effect in Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Chitosan Nano-Encapsulated Green Tea in Rat Model by Safer AM, Sen A, Hanafy NA, Mousa SA.(PubMed)
(15) Antifibrotic effects of green tea on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis by Kim HK1, Yang TH, Cho HY.(PubMed)
(16) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3. by Li S1, Xia Y1, Chen K1, Li J1, Liu T1, Wang F1, Lu J1, Zhou Y1, Guo C1.(PMC)
(17) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits entry of hepatitis B virus into hepatocytes by Huang HC1, Tao MH2, Hung TM3, Chen JC4, Lin ZJ5, Huang C6.(PubMed)
(18) Preventive effects of a major component of green tea, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, on hepatitis-B virus DNA replication by Karamese M1, Aydogdu S, Karamese SA, Altoparlak U, Gundogdu C.(PubMed)
(19) Green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, possesses the antiviral activity necessary to fight against the hepatitis B virus replication in vitro by Pang JY1, Zhao KJ, Wang JB, Ma ZJ, Xiao XH.(PubMed)
(20) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a new inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entry by Calland N1, Albecka A, Belouzard S, Wychowski C, Duverlie G, Descamps V, Hober D, Dubuisson J, Rouillé Y, Séron K.(PubMed)
(21) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the replication cycle of hepatitis C virus by Chen C1, Qiu H, Gong J, Liu Q, Xiao H, Chen XW, Sun BL, Yang RG.(PubMed)
(22) A cell-based, microplate colorimetric screen identifies 7,8-benzoflavone and green tea gallate catechins as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus by Fukazawa H1, Suzuki T, Wakita T, Murakami Y.(PubMed)