#GreenTea's #Polyphenols Inhibit Colitis Induced by Colonic Inner Lining Inflammation by Decreasing Expression of #ProinflammatoryCytokines

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea-processed bioactive polyphenols may have a therapeutic and profound effect in inhibiting colonic inner lining inflammation that causes colitis, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

Colitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon as a result of infection, inflammation caused by other bowel diseases.

The disease in most cases is caused by infection of food poisoning, parasites or bacteria, and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).

However, colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis can also be caused by long-term intake in antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin,.....and penicillins.

According to years of study, colitis is closely correlated to patients' family history, environmental factors such as industrialization, urban settings, northern geographical latitudes.... and ethnicity.

Some researchers suggested that colitis (ulcerative colitis) is also associated with some psychological factors. Rev. John B. Murray at St. John University, said, "Almost 50 years ago ulcerative colitis was included among the seven classical psychosomatic diseases" and "However, for the past decade, the psychogenic approach to this disorder has been replaced by physiological and immunological explanations and treatments"(4).

The most common symptoms of colitis are diarrhea, often with blood or pus, abdominal pain, cramping,..... rectal pain, and bleeding. In severe cases, the disease can lead to life-threatening complications of a perforated colon, severe dehydration, liver disease,.... and osteoporosis.

Anti-inflammatory conventional medicine used as the first line of treatment of colitis may be effective, however, a prolonged period of intake may cause side effects such as stomach pain and heartburn. headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears,... and allergy to skin.

In serious cases, the medicine can lead to stomach ulcers, hypertension,..... and liver or kidney problems.

If you are taking such medicine, please make sure you discuss the side effects with your doctor.

In the comparison of the effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG and
Piper nigrum (L.) alkaloid piperine in mice colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate randomly assigned to a daily oral administration of 6.9 mg/kg body weight EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine (2.9 mg/kg body weight) or the combination of the both with piperine used in the combination to enhance the bioavailability of EGCG and untreated controls, researchers at the Münster University Hospital showed that
* Mice groups treated with the combination demonstrate a significant effect in reduced weight loss and improve overall survival compared to the nontreatment group.

* EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine or the combination of piperine and EGCG also exert a significant effect in blocking histological damage to the colon and decreasing tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, an indication of decreased oxidative stress.

According to the neutrophils accumulation assay, the application of green tea EGCG and piperine displayed a strong activity in reduced ROS expression in the induction of lipid peroxidation through activation of expression of antioxidant enzymes in host tissue such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPO).

Further examination also found that the combined ingredients also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Dr. Brückner M, after taking into account other con-founders suggested, "the concept of anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG being generally beneficial in the DSS-model of colitis".

Interestingly, in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, application of green tea EGCG (3.2 mg/g) as a source of drinking fluid for 3 days, researchers found that EGCG application exhibits a significant effect in ameliorated of colon shortening and spleen enlargement caused by an injection of DSS and modulated the production of levels inflammatory cytokines of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to acute and chronic infections.

Furthermore, green tea oral administration also decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, a cell signaling protein in activated systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of reaction and inhibited ROS expression colonic lipid peroxides through antioxidant activity.

Moreover, the bioactive polyphenol EGCG also improved the small intestinal function in reduced leaky gut, associated with the risk of increasing the number of harmful compounds entering the bloodstream.

Further analysis of green tea efficacy in the treatment of colitis, researchers discovered that green tea EGCG also induced weight loss through binding on the surface of the small intestine in decreased protein and lipid digestion.

In an additional evaluation of green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine activity in colitis induced by injection of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to cause deficiency of IL-10 in BALB/c mice, researchers at the University of Kentucky, showed that the combined administration significantly ameliorates colonic damage and histological scores and decreases expression of the inflammatory markers TNFα (3-fold), IL-6 (14-fold) as mentioned above.

Importantly, treated mice with both green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine also expressed a huge improvement in antioxidant capacity in inhibition of ROS in initiating the chain reaction to facilitate plagues formation and inflammation, observed by the activity of bio maker lectin levels.

The information findings suggested that green tea with abundantly selective bioactive polyphenols may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of colitis.

Intake of green tea supplements should be taken with exceptional care as acute liver toxicity was reported in a number of cases.

However, further data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of green tea and green tea polyphenols anti-colitis possibilities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate shows therapeutic antioxidative effects in a murine model of colitis by Brückner M1, Westphal S, Domschke W, Kucharzik T, Lügering A.(PubMed)
(2) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases colonic inflammation and permeability in a mouse model of colitis, but reduces macronutrient digestion and exacerbates weight loss by Bitzer ZT1, Elias RJ1, Vijay-Kumar M2, Lambert JD3,4. (PubMed)
(3) Green Tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have Parallel Anti-Inflammatory Properties in colitis models by Oz HS1, Chen T, de Villiers WJ. (PubMed)
(4) Psychological Factors in Ulcerative Colitis by Rev. John B. Murray

#Herbal #Andrographis Inhibits Symptoms of #UpperRespiratoryTractInfection, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton


Andrographis paniculata may be one of the best herbs in inhibiting upper respiratory tract infection, some scientists suggested.

Upper respiratory tract infection is caused by spreading from person to person in respiratory droplets through sneezing or coughing of individuals infected with the virus or bacteria.

The disease is the infection of the airway above the glottis or vocal cords, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media,...

The most common diseases of upper respiratory infection are common Cold, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis, Epiglottitis, and Laryngotracheitis infected by microorganisms including bacteria and viruses, leading to symptoms of runny, stuffy nose and sneezing, and sometimes fever.

In a severe case of infection, upper airway infection such as Haemophilus influenza type B is caused by bacterial Streptococcus pyogenes.

Not all people who come into direct contact with an ill person will be infected. However, people with chronic ailments and a weakened immune system are susceptible to the diseases.

According to the population-based study, conducted between December 2011 and March 2013 in South Baden, Germany. From a total of 69, 695 individuals approached via mail 12, 839 individuals in the age range of 18 to 70 years completed the screening questionnaire, researchers found that upper respiratory infection is correlated positively with female sex, younger age, and frequent contact with children, smoking status, and obesity as well as a number of co-morbidities, most strongly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(4).


Antibiotics may be effective for the treatment of the disease, however, they may induce side effects such as gastrointestinal discomforts such as nausea. vomiting. diarrhea and stomach pain, vaginal itching or discharge. a headache. rash,.... and tongue swelling.

Moreover, antibiotics may also interact with other prescription and nonprescription medications, including clarithromycin and metoclopramide.

Andrographis paniculata also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.

The forgotten herb has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic for the treatment of the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera,.... and pneumonia.

According to the joint study led by the ilpakorn University in the review of the existing data of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Andrographis paniculata exerted a strong implication in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection by measuring the reduction in symptom severity scores.

In a total of 433 patients reported in three trials included in the statistical analysis, patients treated with a combination of Andrographis paniculate, Acanthopanax senticosus, and Andrographis paniculate or alone exhibited a significant improvement of 2.13 points and 10.85 points on the symptom severity score in compared placebo.

Dr. Poolsup N, the lead author said, "A. paniculata extract alone or in combination with A. senticosus extract may be more effective than placebo and may be an appropriate alternative treatment of uncomplicated acute upper respiratory tract infection".

Furthermore, in the review of the use of over-prescription of antibiotics related to absence from work due to acute upper respiratory tract infection, researchers found that application A. paniculata is superior to placebo in alleviating the subjective symptoms of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection.

The study also indicated that all review trials scored at least three, out of a maximum of five, for methodological quality on the Jadad scale used to assess the methodological quality of a clinical trial.

More importantly, the efficacy of A. paniculata in relieving symptoms of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection only induced generally mild and infrequent adverse effects.

In supporting the Andrographis paniculate's anti-upper respiratory tract infection property, an investigation included a total of 223 patients of both sexes randomized into two groups which received either KalmCold (200 mg/day) or a placebo in a double-blind manner, researcher showed that A. paniculata processes a promising result in ameliorating symptoms of a cough, expectoration, nasal discharge, headache, fever, sore throat, earache, malaise/fatigue and sleep disturbance from day 1 to day 3 of treatment in comparison to a placebo group.

Additionally, The overall efficacy of an extract of Andrographis paniculata was found to be 2.1 times (52.7%) higher than a placebo.

Taken together, there is no doubt that Andrographis paniculate has a potency used as a therapeutic agent for relieving symptoms and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection but intake of large doses and long-term intake should be taken with care.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials by Poolsup N1, Suthisisang C, Prathanturarug S, Asawamekin A, Chanchareon U.(PubMed)
(2) Andrographis paniculata in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of safety and efficacy by Coon JT1, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(3) A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold) in patients with uncomplicated upperrespiratory tract infection by Saxena RC1, Singh R, Kumar P, Yadav SC, Negi MP, Saxena VS, Joshua AJ, Vijayabalaji V, Goudar KS, Venkateshwarlu K, Amit A.(PubMed)
(4) Screening score to identify people prone to respiratory tract infections in the community by Alexandra Nieters1 *, Susanne Weber2 , Magdeldin Elgizouli3 , Livia Maccioni1 , Stefan Wolfrum1 , Jacques T. Tshiang2 , Ilona Geist1 , Hans-Hartmut Peter1 , Werner Vach2 1 Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freib(Research Article)

#KidneyBean's Lectin Inhibits #HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV) through Cell Cycle Arrest and Restoring DNA Alternated by An Infectious Virus.

Kyle J. Norton


Kidney beans may process potential and strong effects in inhibiting the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), that causes HIV infection, a recent joint study suggested.

Kidney bean is a popular food, with a kidney shape, strong flavor, and color in reddish brown in nature used often as an excellent dietary selection because of its enormous health benefits with a good source of protein and minerals.

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is the viral cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome over time if infected.

People who are HIV carriers may experience initial symptoms of fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue that may last a few days to several weeks.

However, many infected people remain well for more than a decade until HIV starts to destroy certain types of white blood cells, causing weakening immune defenses against infections and cancers.

HIV in most cases spreads through unprotected sex with an infected person. The virus is also spread by contact with the blood of an infected person such as by sharing drug needles.

Women can transmit the virus to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.

Some researchers in concerns about HIV resistance suggested that the widespread of Human-Immunodeficiency Viruses that resist AIDS medicines may be caused by primary transmission by people who are not actually undergoing treatment.

Conventional medication used to treat HIV may be effective for an infected individual to live longer, but long-term intake can facilitate gastrointestinal discomforts such as upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, headache fever,.... and muscle pain. However, long-term use of such medication can cause serious side effects, including kidney and liver damage, heart disease, diabetes,.... and osteoporosis.

According to the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Lectins, a class of sugar-binding proteins found abundantly in all beans, including kidney beans exhibited antiviral effects against HIV-1-RT activity, in animal and human ABO blood types models(1).

In the study to investigate a variety of antifungal proteins isolated from seeds of leguminous plants such as red kidney beans for their ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus, researchers found that nearly all leguminous antifungal proteins examined have a strong inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase to some extent.

Dr. Ng TB, the lead author in the study of inhibitory effects of antifungal proteins on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 said, "(Kidney bean exerts the) ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase(, an enzyme regulated the formation of RNA from a DNA), protease(an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides) and integrase (produced by HIV virus), enzymes essential to the life cycle of HIV-1"(2).

These results indicated that lectin inhibited the virus HIV-1 through cell cycle arrest by breaking down substances for the virus to spread and multiply and restoring the original healthy DNA that was alternated by an infectious virus.

Further data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of the whole food's bioactive compound lectins during the course of infection will be necessary to complete the picture of kidney bean lectin anti-HIV possibilities.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A lectin with anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antitumor, and nitric oxide-inducing activities from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. extra long autumn purple bean by Fang EF1, Lin P, Wong JH, Tsao SW, Ng TB. (PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effects of antifungal proteins on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase by Ng TB1, Au TK, Lam TL, Ye XY, Wan DC. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Anise's #Anethole Inhibits #HydrogenPeroxide (H2O2) Induced #BoneLoss That Causes the Onset of #Osteoporosis, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and progression and treatment of osteoporosis, some scientists suggested.

Osteoporosis is considered as a bone disease that caused substantial loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue. In other words, the disease is caused by the body's inability to make new bone to replace bone loss.

According to statistics, osteoporosis affects an estimated 75 million people in Europe, the USA, and Japan, causing more than 8.9 million fractures annually.

The disease is also the leading cause of fracture. The International Osteoporosis Foundation wrote, " For the year 2000, there were an estimated 9 million new osteoporotic fractures, of which 1.6 million were at the hip, 1.7 million were at the forearm and 1.4 million were clinical vertebral fractures. Europe and the Americas accounted for 51% of all these fractures, while most of the remainder occurred in the Western Pacific region and Southeast Asia ".

Osteoporosis is not caused by a single factor, The combination factors below are associated to the causes of the disease, including low levels of estrogen in women and testosterone in men due to aging, abnormal levels of a hormone that plays an important role in regulated bone growth, such as parathyroid hormone and growth hormone.

Decreased levels of vitamin D or mineral calcium also have a strong implication in accelerated bone loss.

Some researchers suggested that genetic mutation diseases such as multiple myeloma, long-term unhealthy diet, and lifestyle and use of medication may also have a direct effect on the disease development.

If you experience symptoms of frequent back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture,... and bone fracture that occurs much more easily than normal, you may have osteoporosis.

Conventional medicine used to treat osteoporosis, such as Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Parathyroid Hormone Hormone Therapy,... and SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) may be effective in slowing down bone loss and reduced risk of fracture. However, the medicine may induce certain side effects such as ulcers of the esophagus, upper GI irritation, irregular heartbeat, low calcium levels, skin rash Joint, bone,...... and muscle pain

In serious cases, although it is rare, the medication may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw and increased production of a parathyroid hormone that can lead to fragile bones, risk of kidney stones, excessive urination, abdominal pain,..... psychological symptoms of depression and forgetfulness.

If you are taking osteoporosis medicine, please make sure that you understand the risk and side effects.

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region.

The herb has been used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and as an anti stomachic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, .... agent.

Chemical constituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the investigation of the herbal selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs effect on the risk of osteoporosis by comparison of plant aqueous extracts derived from Greek flora (Sideritis euboea, Sideritis clandestina, Marticaria chamomilla, and Pimpinella anisum), researchers at the Medical School, University of Athens found that all extracts exert profound activities in stimulating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cell culture.

Further analysis, also discovered that all plant extracts at the concentration range of 10-100 microg/mL, including Anise induced osteoblastic cell differentiation in the formation of bone and improved bone density.

These results indicated that Anise and other plant extracts may comprise a substantial anti-estrogenic effect in reducing the risk of osteoporosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Also, in the evaluation of (E)-anethole, a major bioactive compound isolated from Anise protective effect on H2O2-induced alterations in collagen metabolism, researchers showed that application of anethole of 0.5 µM for 1 h completely prevents the alternation of cells treated with 300 µM H2O2.

In detail, Anethole injection inhibited the effect of 300 µM H2O2 that caused a significant decrease in collagen biosynthesis of 54 %, correlated with alterations of type I collagen mRNA expression in the osteoblasts in initiated higher bone turnover.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the reactive oxygen species(ROS) is responsible for inducing bone loss.

Type I collagen, a determinant of the biomechanical properties of bone tissue, is a type of collagen that forms large, eosinophilic fibers known as collagen fibers in the human body. Alternation of type I collagen mRNA causes the opposite effect.

Additional differentiation also revealed that Anise anethole administration at 10 µM, exerts most efficient suppression in the ameliorated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 caused by H2O2 induced alterations in collagen metabolism, contributing to the 8 % decrease in the amount of collagen secreted-into the medium.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes process function in processing certain components of bone tissue, through the expression of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

The result suggested that the application of H2O2 not only directly activates MMPs but also causes a decrease in the expression of their inhibitors, such as TIMP2, a metastasis suppressor in initiated alterations of collagen metabolism in bone.

The loss of MMP-9 improved the connectivity density of the trabeculae, whereas the loss of MMP-2 reduced this parameter. Similar differential effects in architecture were observed in the L5 vertebra, but bone volume fraction was lower for both MMP-2 and MMP-9 (in mice study) "

Taken together, Anise and its bioactive anethole may be considered a functional herb for reduced risk and treatment of osteoporosis caused by collagen loss in bone. However, intake of Anise supplements should be taken with extreme care in prevented toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties by Kassi E1, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, Messari I, Mitakou S, Moutsatsou P.(PubMed)
(2) Anethole prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and collagen metabolism alterations in human skin fibroblast by Anna Galicka, Rafał Krętowski, Jolanta Nazaruk, and Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko(PubMed)
(3) Differential Effects Between the Loss of MMP-2 and MMP-9 on Structural and Tissue-Level Properties of Bone by Jeffry S Nyman,1,2,3,4 Conor C Lynch,5 Daniel S Perrien,2,3 Sophie Thiolloy,6 Elizabeth C O’Quinn,2,7 Chetan A Patil,4 Xiaohong Bi,2,4 George M Pharr,8,9 Anita Mahadevan-Jansen,4 andGregory R Mundy(PMC)
(4) Osteoporosis, a unitary hypothesis of collagen loss in skin and bone by Shuster S1.(PubMed)
(5) Osteoporosis - Incidence and burden by the International Osteoporosis Foundation

Herbal #Fennel Shows a Strong Effect on the Symptoms #SleepDiscomfort, #CoughFrequency, and CoughIntensity of Acute and Chronic #Cough, Scientists Say

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in reduced cough through its expectorant activity, some scientists suggested.

The results of the study were conducted by a number of institutes, including the Kaunas University of Medicine, and published in online literature.

is a natural and infrequent reaction of the body to clear the throat caused by excessive mucus or foreign irritants. The aim of these functions is to make the airway free for air inhaling and expelling.

Acute coughing is normally caused by hay fever and the common cold is healed within 3 weeks. Chronic coughing is a condition that lasts longer than 3 weeks.

As of today, researchers do not know the exact causes of chronic coughing. However, researchers suggested, the condition may result from postnasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),... and chronic bronchitis. And cigarette smoking is considered the main culprit.

Long-term use of an ACE inhibitor, a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure is also associated with the risk of a chronic cough.


Dr. Terasaki G, the lead author at the University of Washington, said, " Cough hypersensitivity syndrome is a new area of research and has been hypothesized to be the underlying factor in many cases of a chronic cough, regardless of the inciting factor" and " More clinical research is needed to further elucidate the cough reflex pathway and the factors involved in modulating its sensitivity, which may eventually lead to new antitussive therapeutics"(5).

An expectorant is a medicine with the function to promote the secretion of sputum of the air passages for the treatment of coughs.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.

The herb or food has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as a warming, carminative, antispasmodic, and depressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, regulate the menstrual cycle, and relieve PMS,...

In the comparison of the effect of some herbal agents in velocity of mucus secretion isolated from the ciliated epithelium of the frog esophagus, researchers found that application of fructus foeniculi (fennel) exerts a stronger effect than fructus anisi (anise). Herba plantains (plantain), Flores verbasci (torch weed), and radix liquiritiae (liquorice) but lessers than the application of Folia farfarae (coltsfoot).

This protective effect in further analysis was found to attribute to mucus layers in the hypopharynx and spasmolytic, secretolytic, and bactericide effects found in fennel.

Furthermore, in the experiment to confirm the efficacy of some herbal medicine for the treatment of throat clearing used since ancient times, researchers conducted a study to evaluate the bronchial mucus secretion stimulating and antispasmodic, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic and stimulating effects on the ciliated epithelium of two new formulations of throat clearing herbal tea.

The first formulation consists of licorice roots, sweet fennel, and thyme, and the second one consists of pine gemmae, thyme, and elderflowers.

At the end of the experiment, researchers showed that both formulas exerted a significant activity against in inhibited mucus secretion in tested subjects without inducing intolerant adverse effects.

However, loss of efficacy was found in the use of formulas after 2 years of expiration, and the purity of the mixtures may also be decreased due to loss on drying, total ash, microbial contamination, contamination with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides, and foreign matter.

These results suggested that although herbal medicine may be effective in exhibited mucus secretion for the treatment of a cough, appliers should also be beware of the contamination caused by several aspects.

Moreover, in the investigation of a water extract of a mixture of eight herbs (chamomile, saffron, anise, fennel, caraway, licorice, cardamom, and black seed) tested for its inhibitory effect on histamine released in initiated cough from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated either by compound 48/80 or be IgE/anti-IgE, researchers at the Helwan University indicated that in compared to flavonoid quercetin, the extract demonstrated inhibited histamine released from chemically- and immunologically-induced cells by 81% and 85%, respectively.

Intake of the water extract of tested subjects also displayed a significant and clinically expectorant expectancy in improvements of sleep discomfort, cough frequency, and cough intensity.

The application also increased percentages of FEV1/FVC in patients suffering from allergic asthma in compared to placebo tea participants.

Where The FEV1/FVC ratio, also called Tiffeneau-Pinelli index, is a calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung disease, according to Wikipedia

FEV1: Volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of a forced expiration

VC: Vital capacity: the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation
RV/TLC%: Residual volume expressed as percent of TLC

FEFmax: The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during an FVC maneuver

VL: Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway

FRC: Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position

TLC: Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV

Taken together, fennel used alone or combined with other herbal medicine may be used to get rid of mucus, improve quality of life and treat asthma.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) [Effect of various phytotherapeutic expectorants on mucociliary transport].[Article in German] by Müller-Limmroth W, Fröhlich HH.(PubMed)
(2) The effect of a herbal water extract on histamine release from mast cells and on allergic asthma by Haggag EG1, Abou-Moustafa MA, Boucher W, Theoharides TC. (PubMed)
(3) [Use of herbal medicine in German children - prevalence, indications and motivation].[Article in German]by Hümer M1, Scheller G, Kapellen T, Gebauer C, Schmidt H, Kiess W.(PubMed)
(4) FEV1/FVC ratio(Wikipedia)
(5) Evaluation and treatment of chronic cough by Terasaki G 1 , Paauw DS(PubMed)

#Petaslignolide A (PA) Isolated from #Butterbur Protects Neurons Integrity by Inhibiting Neurotoxicity, Scientist Find

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists have found a herbal plant which processes a potential and therapeutic effect in the protection against damage and death of neurons.
Neuroprotective effects are the protection against anything which causes harm to the brain and spinal cord

In other words, herbal butterbur promotes neuronal integrity against the reduction in the rate of neuronal loss that causes neurodegenerative disease.

Dr. Vajda FJ, the scientist at the St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne in the expression of neuro diseases said, "Neuroprotection is an effect that may result in salvage, recovery or regeneration of the nervous system, its cells, structure, and function. It is thought that there are many neurochemical modulators of nervous system damage" and " Acute and chronic nervous system damage in response to an insult may lead to acute or delayed neuronal death, apoptotic cell death, neuronal degeneration, injury and loss, and gliosis"(4).

The Mcgovern Institute in the article related to brain disorder wrote, "Many brain disorders are chronic and incurable conditions whose disabling effects may continue for years or even decades. Thus, the overall disease burden from these disorders is much greater than would be suggested by mortality figures alone. The extent of this burden is underlined by data from the World Health Organization".

Most common brain disease neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affecting millions of people worldwide.

And, dementia is an umbrella term that describes a variety of diseases and conditions caused by nerve cells in the brain die or no longer function normally. Symptoms may affect memory, behavior, and ability to think clearly.

According to statistics, approximately over 5.7 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer's. As of 2018, 1 in 8 people age 65 and older (10 percent) has Alzheimer's disease in the US. Sadly, The numbers of Alzheimer's disease are growing and growing fast.

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetlands, riversides, forests, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere.

The herbal medicine has been used in herbal medicine as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including the stomach, bile ducts,...... and duodenum.

The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin, and iso-S-petasin, etc.

In the study to investigate neuroprotective effects in a rat transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, and in an in vitro cerebral ischemia model, oxygen-glucose deprivation of cultured nerve cells, researchers found that application of total bakkenolides, a major bioactive constituent isolated immediately after reperfusion at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg markedly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficits.

Additional analysis also suggested, the administrated doses also significantly attenuated cell death and apoptosis in primary cultured neurons subject to 1-h hypoxia followed by 24-h reoxygenation.

The efficacy of herbal butterbur in protected neurons was attributed to total bakkenolides in inhibited enzyme activators with the function of propagating the cellular response to inflammation through NF-κB, a protein complex regulated transcription of DNA, cytokine production, and cell survival.

In other words, the application of total bakkenolides reduced brain infarct volume and overexpression of pro-inflammation cytokines in response to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion that have a strong impact in decreased neuron cell damage and death at the site of reperfusion injury.

Dr. Jiang Q, the lead author after taking into account of other co and confounder said, "(The) results provide a strong pharmacological basis for further understanding the potential therapeutic role of total bakkenolides in cerebral ischemic disease.

Some researchers in the study of Bakkenolides in primary cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and oxidative insults suggested, Bakkenolides exerted neuroprotective effects may be results from properties of its antioxidant properties.

Moreover, petaslignolide A (PA), a furfuran lignan isolated from the butanol fraction of Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) (Compositae) leaves in a study of the oxidative damage in the brain of mice, facilitated a significant effect at a dose of 40 mg/kg in alleviated the behavioral signs of kainic acid neurotoxicity and reduced the mortality (50%) by kainic acid to 12.5%.

Administration of PA also restore the levels of antioxidants in the mice that were reduced by injection of kainic acid in comparison to the control.

Further analysis found that PA (40 mg/kg) effectiveness is comparable to those of butanol fraction (200 mg/kg) of P. japonicus extract in reducing kainic acid neurotoxicity.


These results indicated that butanol fraction (200 mg/kg) of P. japonicus extract exhibited strong neuroprotective, probably due to the presence of petaslignolide A (PA).

The findings suggested herbal butterbur may be considered as a functional herb for neuroprotection, however, the volume of the herb used should only be prescribed herbal doctor.

However, further data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of butterbur neuroprotective possibilities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Total Bakkenolides Protects Neurons against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation by Jiang Q, Xia Yy EY, Jm HE, Guo Ml EY, Rp LI. (PubMed)
(2) Bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus and their neuroprotective effects related to antioxidant activities by Wang YL, Li RP, Guo ML, Zhang G, Zhang N, Ma YL.(PubMed)
(3) Protection by petaslignolide A, a major neuroprotective compound in the butanol extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, against oxidative damage in the brains of mice challenged with kainic acid by Cui HS, Kim MR, Sok DE. (PubMed)
(4) Neuroprotection and neurodegenerative disease by Vajda FJ(PubMed)

#Anthocyanidins, #Flavanones, and #Flavonoids Found in #Strawberry Inversely are Associated with A Reduced Risk of CVD, Coronary Heart Disease (#CHD), #Stroke, and Total Mortality

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a fruit that has a potential effect in reduced risk and treatment of heart disease, some studies suggested.
According to statistics, heart disease, after lung cancer kills more than 2,000 Americans every day.

Approximately, 60 million Americans have heart disease.

There are many causes of heart disease.

Most of the heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure which contributes to hardening of the arteries.

Some researchers suggested that a diet high in saturated and trans fats also plays an important role in the initiated risk of coronary heart disease. A long-term unhealthy diet can cause obesity, high blood pressure,... and diabetes.

Dr. McNamara DJ, in the study of dietary cholesterol, heart disease risk, and cognitive dissonance, wrote, "....dietary cholesterol has a small effect on the plasma cholesterol levels with an increase in the cholesterol content of the LDL particle and an increase in HDL cholesterol, with little effect on the LDL: HDL ratio, a significant indicator of heart disease risk"(4).

Truly, everything that adds to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions, damages the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart, is considered prevalent risk factors of arterial blockage, the main cause of heart disease.

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongings to the family Rosaceae.

The edible plants have been grown all over the world with a suitable climate for commercial profits due to their's health benefits.

According to the followed up study to examine the relationship between anthocyanins, the largest group of water-soluble pigments, and the risk of MI, anthocyanin, strawberries intake was found to be potential in preventing myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged women.

Intake of strawberries was also associated with a decreased risk of MI, in a comparison of those consuming >3 servings a week and those with lower intake.

Dr. Cassidy A, the lead scientist, in the study conducted by the University of East Anglia, including a total of 93 600 women 25 to 42 years of age from the database of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II, after taking into account of multivariate adjustment said, "An inverse association between higher intake of anthocyanins and risk of MI was observed (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.96; P=0.03, highest versus lowest quintiles)".

Further differentiation of the effects of anthocyanins in reduced risk of a heart problem, also found that anthocyanins efficacy may be associated to improve a variety of effects on blood vessels, platelets, and lipoproteins, the coronary heart disease reducers.

Moreover, the study of participants includes 34 489 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study who were free of CVD and had complete food-frequency questionnaire information that include Intakes of total flavonoids and 7 subclasses categorized into quintiles at baseline, using the proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) to compute for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and total mortality after 16 y of follow-up, showed,

* There was a significant inverse association between anthocyanidins and CHD, CVD, and total mortality in compared to no intake of proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) of 0.88, 0.91, and 0.90, respectively.

* The proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) between flavanones and CHD [RR for highest quintile versus lowest 0.78 and between flavones and total mortality [RR for highest quintile versus lowest: 0.88.

* Intake of strawberry were associated with a significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases in compared to other foods in the questionnaire.

These results suggested that dietary intakes of flavanones, anthocyanidins, and foods rich in flavonoids were associated with reduced risk of death due to CHD, CVD, and all causes, according to Dr. Mink PJ, the lead scientist.

Taken altogether, strawberries rich in flavanones, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids may be considered as a functional food in the prevention of early onset and treatment of heart disease.

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References
(1) High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women by Cassidy A, Mukamal KJ, Liu L, Franz M, Eliassen AH, Rimm EB..(PubMed)
(2) Anthocyanins and heart health by Mazza GJ. (PubMed)
(3) Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. by Mink PJ, Scrafford CG, Barraj LM, Harnack L, Hong CP, Nettleton JA, Jacobs DR Jr.(PubMed)
(4) Dietary cholesterol, heart disease risk and cognitive dissonance by McNamara DJ(PubMed)