Pinto Beans (Phaseolus), the Natural Anti-Oxidative Stress Legume

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a medical condition characterized by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the host tissue.

In some cases, this reaction can also be caused by the long-term accumulation of toxic substances in the body, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.

There is no single cause of oxidative stress. Some researchers suggested that a number of factors can facilitate the onset of oxidative stress, including cigarette smoke, oxidative burst from activated macrophages, particularly, the free radicals chain reaction.

Sadly, a prolonged period of oxidative stress presented in the human body can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, (lipids, proteins, DNA) and the death of healthy cells through cytotoxicity.

Certain chronic diseases are found to be associated with oxidative stress, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetics, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic perfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and stroke.

Free radical is an unstable atom with a single electron on the outermost ring. Given its nature, free radical readily donate or intercept an electron from another atom, leading a chain of the free radical cascade that cannot be stopped until all single electron is paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

The antioxidant is a stable atom with a function to inhibit oxidation, come either from dietary sources or produced by the body.

Contrast to general belief, free radical is also needed in moderated amount for the function of the heart muscle to pump blood such as NO for vasodilation and increasing blood flow.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, scientists examined the effects of bioactive peptide fractions from de-hulled hard-to-cook (HTC) bean on enzyme targets of oxidative stress.

Pinto bean is also known as common bean, genus Phaseolus and the family Fabaceae. It has a mottled appearance of darker reddish-brown spots on a lighter brownish beige background, thus appearing painted or spotted.

According to tested analysis of proteins isolated from Pinto Durango and Negro 8025 beans that were hydrolyzed (120min) with either alcalase® or bromelain and separated into five peptide fractions (<1, 1-3.5, 3.5-5, 5-10, and >10kDa) 

* Hydrolysates and peptide fractions showed antioxidant capacity (ORAC: 159.6±2.9 to 932.6±1.1mmolTE/g) and nitric oxide inhibition (57.5±0.9 to 68.3±4.2%).

* The <1kDa pinto Durango-bromelain fraction showed the best inhibition of α-amylase (49.9±1.4%), and the <1kDa pinto Durango-alcalase fraction inhibited both, α-glucosidase (76.4±0.5%), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, 55.3±1.6%) induced by the oxidative stress response.

In other words, pinto beans demonstrated significant activity against the onset of oxidative stress through its antioxidant activity.

Taken altogether, pinto beans may process antioxidant properties against chronic diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins hydrolyzed by alcalase and bromelain produced bioactive peptide fractions that inhibit targets of type-2 diabetes and oxidative stress by Oseguera-Toledo ME1, Gonzalez de Mejia E2, Amaya-Llano SL. (PubMed)

Healthy Potatoes (Solanum), Processes a Strong Antioxidant Property

By Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radicals before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating oxidative stress that causes damage to proteins, lipids, and cell DNA.

Oxidative stress is a result of an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.

Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily to donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition is associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.

Overexpression of free radicals is known to cause damage in contributing to the etiology of many chronic health problems such as cardiovascular and inflammatory disease, cataracts, and cancer.
Antioxidants, on the other hand, are stable molecules with a unique function in the inhibition of oxidation.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

However, in people with a weakened immune system, intake dietary sources of antioxidants may be necessary.

There are 3 main types of antioxidants found in nature, including antioxidant enzymes produced by the host, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalases, antioxidants vitamins, that may be injected from the dietary sources such as fruits and vegetables, including vitamins A, C, D, and E and antioxidant-phytochemicals found in the plant including second metabolites.

Potato is a genus Solanum, belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is a good source of protein and according to the statistic, the annual diet of an average global citizen is about 33 kg (72.6 Lbs) of potato. The root veggie now is growing worldwide in a suitable climate for commercial profits and health benefits, thus its consumption is extremely variable and rapidly changing.

On finding a potential plant for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the potential of peptide fractions isolated from dehydrated potatoes on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) under oxidative and inflammatory conditions.

Based on the results of differentiation,

* Peptide fractions demonstrated a significantly inhibit the pro-inflammatory protein expression such as tumor necrosis factor-α and cycloxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.

* More importantly, the tested peptides also showed significant antioxidant activity by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) release-induced from mitochondria, and nitrotyrosine formation

* Furthermore, the applications also increase the antioxidant response by heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase expression.

Additionally, the peptide fractions were able to significantly increase the wound repair in IEC-6 induced by oxidative-inflammatory damage.

Collectively, researchers said, "The obtained results indicate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of dehydrated potatoes at the intestinal level".

Taken altogether, potatoes may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrated Potato-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Intestinal Cells by Basilicata MG1,2, Pepe G1, Rapa SF1, Merciai F1,2, Ostacolo C3, Manfra M4, Di Sarno V1, Autore G1, De Vita D5, Marzocco S1, Campiglia P. (PubMed)

Elecampane (Inula helenium)Processes Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radical before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating the protein, lipid and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

However, in people with a weakened immune system, intake dietary sources of antioxidants may be necessary.

A free radical is a highly reactive atom with a single electron in the outer ring.

Free radicals produced in our body are a natural process derived either from essential metabolism through the processes of food intake or from external sources through directly contacting the skin or the air we breathe including exposure to X-rays, ozone, cigarette smoking, air pollutants, and industrial chemicals.

Some foods are antioxidant producers such as fruits and vegetables and whole-grain, while others such as processed meats, alcohol are radical producers. Particularly, fats and oils can easily be oxidized if they are cooked in high heat.

In order to counter the overexpression of free radicals which add to the body's burden, our body produces enzymes antioxidants and metal carrier proteins to neutralize them before they can cause damage.

Depending on the degrees of free radical invasion, antioxidant enzymes can be categorized into first, second, third and even fourth line of defense.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, scientists examined the effects of the polyphenol fraction (IvE) isolated from Elecampane on chronic diseases.

Elecampane, also known as Horse-heal (Inula helenium) is a perennial composite plant, genus nulla, belonging to Asteraceae, native to Southern Europe, and Asia. 

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine in treating bronchitis or emphysema, night sweats, pulmonary tuberculosis, irritating cough, catarrhal discharges, etc.

According to tested analysis,
* The extract exerted a remarkable antioxidant activity according to the antioxidant capacity assays such as DPPH and ABTS.

* Furthermore, the extract also inhibited cell viability and mitochondrial redox activity of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and colon carcinoma cells.

* Moreover, the extract also induced the production of ROS to induced oxidative stress in cancer cells without harming the healthy cells.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "The obtained results highlighted that inula leaves, nowadays even undervalued and unexplored, could be considered a renewable source of nutraceutical compounds".

Taken altogether, Elecampane may process antioxidant and cytotoxic properties against cancers, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A nutraceutical extract from Inula viscosa leaves: UHPLC-HR-MS/MS based polyphenol profile, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities by Brahmi-Chendouh N1, Piccolella S2, Crescente G2, Pacifico F2, Boulekbache L3, Hamri-Zeghichi S3, Akkal S4, Madani K3, Pacifico S. (PubMed)

Herbal Angelica Protects the Liver Against Acute Toxicity

By Kyle J. Norton

The liver is the largest internal organ found in the human which plays an essential role in filtering the blood from the digestive system before passing them to other parts of the body.

The liver also produces cholesterol, a waxy substance which aids digestion, builds cell membranes and produces vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Liver disease is a class of medical conditions characterized by the reduction of partly or completely the function of the liver, including liver failure.

Acute liver diseases in most cases are caused by drugs and long-term intake of certain medications. Most acute liver disease can be cured if the cause is found.

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are many liver diseases that last more than 6 months. Most chronic liver diseases are caused by a genetic preposition or a variety of factors that damage the liver, including viruses and alcohol use.

The most common symptoms of liver disease are jaundice, abdominal pain and swelling, swelling in the legs and ankles, itchy skin, dark urine color, pale stool color, or bloody or tar-colored stool, chronic fatigue and nausea or vomiting.

Hepatoprotection is the action including the use of a substance such as herbal remedy to protect the liver against damage and injury.

Antihepatotoxicity is the ability that protects the liver against toxins.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the world affecting 25% of the general population most of them in the Western world.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, scientists examined the hepatoprotective effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), an active constituent derived from a water extract of Angelica sinensis, in rats exposed to an APAP overdose.


Angelica or Dang Qui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.

The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.

According to tested analysis,
* ASP reduced the degeneration of hepatocytes and the amount of cytoplasmic vacuolation in rats exposed to an overdose of APAP.
* ASP markedly alleviated liver injury by increasing the levels of GSH levels and inhibiting hepatic apoptosis.

* In vitro, ASP significantly elevated the survival rate of rat primary hepatocytes exposed to an overdose of APAP.

Collectively, the beneficial effect might be, at least in part, due to the amelioration of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, along with the inhibition of apoptosis.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "Taken together, our findings reveal that ASP has the potential to be used as a hepatoprotective agent for the management of APAP-induced liver injury".

Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered a remedy for the treatment of acute liver injury, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Angelica sinensis polysaccharide protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and cell death by suppressing oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by Cao P1, Sun J2, Sullivan MA3, Huang X1, Wang H2, Zhang Y1, Wang N4, Wang K. (PubMed)

Herbal Eyebright ( Euphrasia) Protects the Skin Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photo-Aging,

By Kyle J. Norton

Facial aging is a biological process caused by the structural rearrangements on the face, uneven fat distribution in the face, leading to wrinkles and pockets plumped up the forehead, temples, cheeks, and areas around the eyes and mouth.

Aging caused by the gravity, fats that support the firming of the face loses volume, clumps up, and shifts downward accompanied by the natural degeneration of the skin can also contribute to facial aging.

Also, the facial muscles continually tug on, leading to the formation of facial wrinkles.

Besides aging, wrinkles may be caused by long-term exposure to the sun by smoking.

However, in North America, the wrong perception of sun exposure is one of the extrinsic factors that add a burden to natural facial aging.

Ultraviolet, found in 10% of sunlight is a spectrum of wavelength between the visible light and X-rays.

Chronic ultraviolet B irradiation is a condition of long-term exposure to ultraviolet B associated with mast cell degranulation and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in facilitating the production of skin proinflammatory cytokines.

Chronic ultraviolet B irradiation also links to a weakened immune system and induces the protein, lipid, and cell damage caused by the exposure to ultraviolet B in the initiation of overexpression of free radicals.

The common symptoms of chronic ultraviolet B irradiation are sunburn, darkening, and thickening of the outer layer of the skin, and in some cases, it can lead to aging, melanoma and other types of skin cancer.

You can prevent chronic ultraviolet B irradiation-induced skin aging by applying sunscreen, covering your skin with proper clothing and hat, wearing sunglass, limiting yourself to go out between 11Am to 3 PM and not stay in open area to the sun for a long period of time.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention of photoaging, scientists examined the protective effect of Euphrasia officinalis (95% ethanol extract) on UVB-irradiated photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs).

Eyebright is one of the species of flowering plants, genus Euphrasia, belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, native to Europe. 

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat eye infection and to relieve inflammation caused by colds, coughs, sinus infections, sore throats, and hay fever.

According to tested analysis,
* The administration of Euphrasia officinalis extract exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity,

* The extract showed to ameliorated the increased expression MMP-1 and MMP-3 and decrease in type I procollagen involved in the production of inflammatory cytokines and skin aging respectively, induced by pf The UVB exposure.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "Euphrasia officinalis ethanol extract could reduce UVB-induced photoaging by alleviating oxidative stress, proinflammatory activity, and cell apoptosis".

Taken altogether, Eyebright may be considered a remedy for the protection against photoaging, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective Effects of Euphrasia officinalis Extract against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Liu Y1, Hwang E2, Ngo HTT3, Perumalsamy H4, Kim YJ5, Li L6, Yi TH. (PubMed)

Elecampane (Inula helenium) Exerts Radio-Protective Activity in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Cancers at this stage also can travel a distance away from the original site to induce secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.

The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.

Compared to all cancers, lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are the most common cancer in the US.

Some cases of cancer are treated by radiotherapy which uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

Radiotherapy has been found to induce certain adverse effects in cancer treatment.

For example, osteoradionecrosis is a condition associated with bone death due to exposure to radiation or radiation treatment.

The death of bone cells is a result of radiation induce-damage of the blood vessel that supplies the nutrients to the bone.

Osteoradionecrosis is a rare side effect occurred sometime after radiation therapy has ended. The complication usually occurs in the lower jaw or mandible.

Radioprotection refers to the protection of people from the harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.

On finding a natural ingredient for the protection against radiation-induced adverse effects, scientists examined the radio-modulatory efficacy of aqueous root extract of I. racemosa.

Elecampane, also known as Horse-heal (Inula helenium) is a perennial composite plant, genus nulla, belonging to Asteraceae, native to Southern Europe, and Asia. 

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine in treating bronchitis or emphysema, night sweats, pulmonary tuberculosis, irritating cough, catarrhal discharges, etc.

According to the tested analysis of normal kidney epithelium cells that were treated with the extract (50-200 μg/ml) and exposed to 3 Gy of γ-radiation, while C57BL/6 mice were administered with extract (300-600 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally prior to exposure to 7.5 Gy of γ-radiation,

* The administration of the extract (30 min and 1 h) prior to radiation exposure improved the NKE cell survival.

* The proteins associated with the production of antioxidant enzymes were significantly induced by the administration of the extract observed by the increase of Nrf2 protein levels at 7 h and HO-1 and NOQ1 protein at 24 h.

* The 30 days whole body survival study also suggested that extract pre-treatment increases survival or delays the onset of radiation-induced mortality as against 70% mortality of 7.5 Gy of γ-radiation.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "The aqueous extract of roots of I. racemosa enhanced the survival of irradiated NKE cells and rescued C57BL/6 mice against WBI-induced mortality.".

Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered a remedy for the protection of radio-side effects, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Role of Nrf2-antioxidant in radioprotection by root extract of Inula racemosa by Mohan S1, Gupta D. (PubMed)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induce Apoptosis in Mammary Cancer Cells in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ.

The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation.

Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts; however, in females, the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.

A mammary tumor is a medical and chronic condition originated from the milk-producing gland.

The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. 

There are also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. 

In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

Most cases of the mammary cancer are first found in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the milk-producing gland, before penetrating deeper into the layers.

At the advanced stage, the malignant cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Epidemiologically, mammary cancer has been found to spread to the colon and the liver.

Most common risk factors of mammary cancer are similar to those of breast cancer, including, aging, physical inactivity, being obese or overweight, family and personal history, having a dense breast, radiation therapy, pregnancy history, genetic proposition, particularly in women who had used drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Conventionally, treatment of mammary gland cancer is totally dependent on the stage and grade of cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of breast cancer, researchers examined the effects of omega 3 on the signaling pathway impacted by syndecan-1 (SDC-1) induced apoptosis in vitro and Vivo.

According to the tested analysis,

* In MCF-7 cells and SK-BR-3 cells, DHA and an SDC-1 ectodomain impaired signaling of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway associated with mitogens, and growth factors and pro-apoptotic protein to induce apoptosis.

* In Fat-1 mice that is a genetic model able to convert n-6 to n-3 PUFA to result in higher SDC-1 levels in Fat-1 mammary tissue compared with that of wild-type (wt) mice,  which showed a lower level of apoptosis compared to elevated signaling of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in MCF-7 cells and SK-BR-3 cells.

* Moreover, SDC-1(-/-) mice that demonstrated markedly higher levels of mitogens, and growth factors and pro-apoptotic protein in mammary gland tissue compared with those of SDC(+/+) mice.

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Omega-3 fatty acids induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and mouse mammary tissue through syndecan-1 inhibition of the MEK-Erk pathway by Sun H1, Hu Y, Gu Z, Owens RT, Chen YQ, Edwards IJ. (PubMed)