Infectious Diseases: Herbal Anise, The Natural Antibiotic Alternative With No Side Effects, Scientists Found

Kyle J. Norton 

Herbal Anise may have a synergistic antibacterial activity effect in reduced risk and treatment of infection, some scientists suggested.

Bacteria are microorganism consisted of consist of a single cell with a simple internal structure. harmless. most of them are harmless to human and can be distinguished by the nature of their cell walls, by their shape, or by differences in their genetic makeup.

Bacteria reproduced through cell cycle division. in other words, they multiply by making a copy of the DNA and grows large in size by doubling its cellular content. before splitting it into two identical "daughter" cells.

Bacteria can also be beneficial to human health as they help to maintain the orderly functioning of the digestive system such as digesting food that the stomach can not digest, producing the vitamins for our body needs, improving the immune function and most importantly, ensuring the optimal digestive functioning. 

Some infectious bacteria are dangerous to human health. As they can divide quickly, after entering the body. Many produce chemicals called toxins, which not only fence off the attack from immune system but also can damage.

Due to antibiotics overuse over large 3 decades, some infected bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance, a phenomenon where infectious bacteria are no longer susceptible to previously effective antibiotics.

Synergistic antibacterial activity is a condition in which whole herb application exerts a greater effect than the sum of individual ingredients combined.

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region,  used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic,...

Chemical constituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the comparison of the antibacterial effect against a wide range of foodborne Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts and moulds by an agar well diffusion method in five different varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. plants, including Anise, researchers found that application Anise essential oil exhibited a strong effect in decreased expression the acid-tolerant  microorganisms including Lactobacillus curvatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synergistically, compared to mixtures of the predominant components of pure linalool and methyl chavicol.

In a tomato juice medium, Anise oil injection also exerted antibacterial activity at doses of 0·1% and 1% Anise oil, against Lact. curvatus and S. cerevisiae, respectively.

The inhibitory effect of Anise oil was substantially higher, comparison to the mixtures of the predominant components of pure linalool and methyl chavicol, against the acid-tolerant organisms, Lactobacillus curvatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, examined in broth by an indirect impedance method.

Furthermore, essential oil extracted from the Anise seed used alone or combined with essential oil extracted from from aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris, also displayed a significant effect in inhibiting nine Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Pimpinella anisum essential oils methanol extracts at doses of MIC 15.6 and 62.5mug/ml) were particularly effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Proteus vulgaris.

Some researchers suggested that Anise antibacterial effect probably was attributed to the bioactive major compound anethole in the modulation of the immunity.

According to some studies, application of essential oil in mice model, trans-anethole and estragole, a derivative of anethole improved the host immunity by reducing the expression of hypersensitivity response and increasing the numbers of white blood cells(leucocytes) in the circulatory system with function in counteracting foreign substances and diseases.

Further differentiation also found that trans-anethole improved the immune function in stimulating the transformation of B cells into plasma cells in the produced and secreted antibodies whether a foreign substance was scented.

Additionally, anethole isolated from Anise also exhibited a strong effect in protecting the immunity against mice fed with cyclophosphamide to induced chemo suppression of immunity. 

Indeed, an Anise essential oil demonstrated a significant effect in the immune responses by modulating the levels of immune-inflammatory factors interleukins (IL6, IL8, and IL10) and tumor necrosis factor(TNFα ) against infectious microorganism in initiating the acute phase of infection.

Additionally, in animal tested with E. acervulina-infected, application of essential oil isolated from Anise also increased expression of lymphocytes in the infectious intestinal area.

Taken all altogether, the findings suggested that Anise essential oil including the bioactive phytochemical anethole may be used as an antibacterial agent, particularly in the externally acute phase of infection.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid-tolerant food microflora K.J. Lachowicz1 , G.P. Jones1 , D.R. Briggs1 , F.E. Bienvenu2 , J. Wan3 , A. Wilcock3 and M.J. Coventry3 1School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 2Ovens Research Station, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Myrtleford, and 3Australian Food Industry Science Centre, Werribee, Victoria, Australia(Letters in Applied Microbiology Volume 26, Issue 3, Version of Record online: 4 JAN 2002)
(2) Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts by Al-Bayati FA1.(PubMed)
(3) Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of trans-anethole and estragole, and protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of immunity in Swiss albino mice by Luiz Alexandre Marques Wiirzler, Francielli Maria de Souza Silva-Comar, Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho, Michael Jefferson Amorim de Oliveira, Ciomar Aparecida Bersani-Amado, Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman(International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products)
(4) Immune effects of dietary anethole on Eimeria acervulina infection by Kim DK1, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Jang SI, Park MS, Min W, Lillehoj EP, Bravo D.(PubMed)

Green Tea, The Beverage Which Inhibits the Oxidative Stress That Cause Fibromyalgia, Researchers Find

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition


Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing symptoms and treatment of
fibromyalgia caused by oxidative stress, some scientists suggested.

Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance of the ratio of antioxidants and free radical in the body. In other words, overproduction of free radicals accompanied by the decreased levels of antioxidants may cause cytotoxicity in the induction of oxidative stress.

Some researchers suggested long-term suppression by oxidative stress can activate the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules,...

Truly, oxidative stress-activated inflammatory pathways can also lead to the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell, protecting tumor cell survival, proliferation, chemoresistance, radioresistance, invasion, angiogenesis. 

Dr. Khansari N, the lead scientists in the study ' Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as a major cause of age-related diseases and cancer" said, " Overproduced free radicals react with cell membrane fatty acids and proteins impairing their function permanently. In addition, free radicals can lead to mutation and DNA damage that can be a predisposing factor for cancer and age-related disorders" and "chronic inflammation could have a serious role in a wide variety of age-related diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases".

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by muscle and soft tissue pain affecting over 10 million (3.6% of the population) people in the US alone.

According to the study in review of literature of the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) of 289(95%) patients who completed the survey (263 women and 26 men) between February 2003 and July 2003, green tea was recommended at 24% for treatment of fibromyalgia (FM).

Some evidence in the medical literature suggested that overproduction of ROS in the induction of oxidative stress may have a strong implication in the pathophysiology of FM.

In the investigation of the effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the protection of oxidative stress to cardiac cells cultured in the conditions of control, 400 μM H2O2 exposure for 30 min with and/or without 10 to 20 μM EGCG pre-treatment, researchers at the National Tsing Hua University found that treatment of green tea in H(2)O(2) group demonstrated a significant reduction of levels of reactive oxygen species through its antioxidant and its ability to induce production of natural antioxidant presented in the cardiac cells, compared to overexpression of ROS in H2O2 treatment group without injection of EGCG.

Also, application of green tea reduced levels of cytosolic Ca2+ overload in the H(2)O(2) group in induced oxidative stress in experiment cell apoptosis through the improved antioxidant protein.

Interestingly, EGCG ameliorated H(2)O(2) expression in the increased glycolytic protein in response to the degree of oxidative stress in the culture cells and α-enolase, a key glycolytic enzyme on the surface of several cell types in the contribution of impaired glycolytic activity through oxidative and nitrative stress.

Additionally, green tea EGCG also decreased levels of peroxiredoxin-4, an antioxidant with function in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and mitochondrial proteins with a function of redox reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.

After taking into account confounders, researchers suggested that ingestion of green tea EGCG inhibited the damage of H(2)O(2) group through inhibition of the downstream signaling for Akt in expression glucose oxidation and cell apoptosis in cellular processes, and loss of phosphorylation of GSK-3β and cyclin D1 depletion in oxidative stress facilitation.

These result postulated that green tea EGCG exerted the similar inhibited the effect of those of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763) in significantly improved H(2)O(2)-induced suppression on cell viability, phosphorylation of pAkt (S473) and pGSK-3β (S9), and level of cyclin D1 in cells.

The above differentiation was supported by the study conducted by the Universidad de Sevilla, in evaluated some evidence of green tea in reduced oxidative stress in the facilitated pathophysiology of FM in initiating signs and symptoms of muscular alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Truly, in primary rat model, administration of green tea EGCG in different concentrations for 24 h before being exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 2 h to induce oxidative stress, researchers found that pretreatment with 10, 25, and 50 µM EGCG significantly inhibited the expression of H2O2 in reduced substantial decrease in cell viability.

Further analysis also showed that green EGCG application at a dose of 50 µM ameliorated the proportion of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells increased in cultures caused by H(2)O(2) injection, thus reducing H(2)O(2) in the induction of cell death.

Taken all together, green tea and its bioactive polyphenols EGCG may be considered a functional food for treatment of fibromyalgia caused by overexpression of oxidative stress. However, the intake of green tea supplement should be taken with extreme care as acute liver toxicity has been reported in numbers of medical literature.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies by patients referred to a fibromyalgia treatment program at a tertiary care center by Wahner-Roedler DL1, Elkin PL, Vincent A, Thompson JM, Oh TH, Loehrer LL, Mandrekar JN, Bauer BA. (PubMed)
(2) Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fibromyalgia by Cordero MD1, de Miguel M, Carmona-López I, Bonal P, Campa F, Moreno-Fernández AM(PubMed)Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)
(3) Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)

How to Prevent Over Production of Free Radicals in Your Body For Optimal Health

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Anise may have a potential and substantial antioxidant effect in balancing the ratio of antioxidant and free radical in the body, some scientists suggested.

Free radicals are the unstable and uncharged molecule which are highly reactive by having an unpaired valence electron.

Some researchers suggested that due to the nature of free radical high reactivity, free radicals have the potential to be the extremely harmful contaminants and extremely powerful chemical tools for the treatment of diseases through inducing cytotoxicity.

Free radicals exert their powerful reactivity through a chain reaction. Without inhibiting the unpaired electrons by antioxidants, the chain reaction can go on forever.

Radical chain reactions are processed in three distinct phases: initiation, propagation, and termination.

Contrastly, an antioxidant is a molecule with a function to inhibit oxidation, especially in the counteracting oxidative stress caused by overproduction of free radicals.

Researchers suggested that antioxidants found in the plant not only exerts the activity in the inhibition of free radicals but also stimulating the antioxidant enzymes in the host body.

Interestingly, in some cancer cells in vitro, application of antioxidants found in the plant such as green tea not only protect the healthy cells of the host but also increase the function of free radicals in killing cancer cell through cytotoxic activity.

One theory suggested if we can maintain a healthy ratio of antioxidants and free radicals in the body, we may live a life of diseases free.

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic,...

Chemical constituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the study of the effect of EtOAc soluble extract (PBet) isolated from Anise researchers found that at dose of PBet (0.5-2mg/mL), Anise extract demonstrates a protective effect of Bel-7404 cells from free radical Hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) and prevent free radical in inducing cell damage through scavenging of intracellular ROS.

Further analysis also suggested that bioactive compound such as β-sitosterol in the EtOAc soluble extract (PBet) improved the antioxidant status of the extract and stimulated the production of the host natural antioxidant profile in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

At a dose of 0,03 - 12g/kg BW, the extract expressed no acute toxic effect observed by the bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test in determined the cytogenetic damage.

Dr. Lu J, the lead author, after taking into account other co-founders suggested that "PBet could be considered as a safe functional food with antioxidant activities".

Further evaluation of the expression of antioxidants in the inhibited free radical reactive activity in the development of degenerative diseases, researchers at the joint study led by the West Bengal State University, in compared antioxidant capacities of extracts of some commonly used in Indian spices (anise, cardamom, Ceylon cinnamon, and clove) along with their purified components (anethole, eucalyptol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol, respectively) indicated that anethole isolated from Anise displays a comparative antioxidant capacities in free radical scavenging activity against some ROS species.

Moreover, Anise spices as a whole are more potent antioxidants than their purified active components, and at higher concentration, purified components are more toxic than their respective crude extract.

The above illustration was supported by the study in the analysis of the antioxidant and protective effects of Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) against gentamicin (GM) in the  induction of  drug

nephrotoxicity.

In the total of 40 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: control and sham administrated normal saline orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.), gentamicin (GM) group received 100 mg/kg bw/day i.p., GM and ethanolic extract of P. anisum with oral dose of 300 mg/kg bw/day for 8 days, researchers suggested that application of Anise reduces kidney and liver toxicity and inhibits overexpression of reactive oxygen species in initiating chain reaction in oxidative stress  the facilitation, and normalizes the levels of excretion of sodium and potassium induced by free radical expression, caused by injection of gentamicin (GM).

All inhibitions were observed through the expression of levels of creatinine, associate to kidney damage and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), an indication of liver toxicity and Malondialdehyde MDA, an oxidative stress marker and the absolute excretion of sodium and potassium.

Interestingly, compared to the control, application of Anise at 300 mg/kg bw/day significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of renal function markers (serum creatinine) in the group receiving GM (P < 0.05) and protected them against GM in inducing tubule damage.

Dr. Changizi-Ashtiyani S, the lead author suggested that "potential therapeutic impact of P. anisum to attenuate GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the simultaneous use of the ethanolic extract of P. anisum during GM administration is recommended to reduce its nephrotoxicity effects".

Taken all together, the findings suggested that Anise may be considered a functional herb in the improved antioxidant status against ROS and drug-induced toxicity through its bioactive compounds by stimulating the production of natural antioxidants in the host.

However, intake of Anise extract in high concentration should be taken with exceptional care as liver acute toxicity has been reported by some medical literature.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Phytochemical composition and toxicity of an antioxidant extract from Pimpinellabrachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai by Lu J1, Qian W2, Xu L2, Huang G2, Cong W2, Wang Z2, Deng X3, Wang D3, Guan S4.(PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Active Principles of Commonly Consumed Indian Spices by Patra K1, Jana S1, Mandal DP1, Bhattacharjee S1.(PubMed)
(3) Pimpinella anisum L. ethanolic extract ameliorates the gentamicin- induced nephrotoxicity in rats by Changizi-Ashtiyani S1, Seddigh A2, Najafi H3, Hossaini N4, Avan A5, Akbary A6, Manian M7, Nedaeinia R8. (PubMed)

How to Protect Your Body From Heavy Metals and Chemicals Toxicity, Effectively

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots may have a profound and positive effect in expelling heavy mental and chemical toxins from our body through the gastrointestinal tract, some scientists suggested.

The digestive system, including the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum. is a system responsible for extracting the nutrients and fluids from the foods intake to provide energy for the body needs and expelling the feces from the body.

Some people with the digestive problem may experience symptoms of acid reflux and GERD with burning sensation, gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion. In serious cases, the condition can also cause gallstone, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids,...

Some researchers suggested that eating 7 or more serving of fruits and vegetable daily, replacing refined grain product with whole grain products, reducing intake of processed food and red meat and engaging in daily physical activity are the best to optimize the digestive health.

Including vitamin D  and calcium in the diet are also helpful.

Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is sub-species of Daucus carota, belonging to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

In the concerns of the damage of heavy metal damage to the body, researchers at the Northwest A&F University, launched an investigation to examine whether insoluble dietary fiber from carrot pomace effect in exerting the protection of the digestive tract, 

Researchers found that using the ultra-micro grinding process, the insoluble dietary fiber exerts far better potential in inhibited levels of glucose-, nitrite-, and lead ion- compared to the raw insoluble dietary fiber. 

Truly, the ultra-micro grinding process could significantly decrease the particle size of carrot insoluble dietary fiber and increase its Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area from 0.374 to 1.835 m(2) g(-1).

The method also improved the water-holding capacity, swelling capacity, and oil-holding capacity increased by 62.09%, 49.25%, and 45.45%, respectively.

These may be the reasons the insoluble dietary fiber from carrot pomace treated with an ultra-micro grinding process displays a significant effect in the protection of the digestive system through absorption of the far greater level of heavy and toxic metals.

The processed application also effectively protect Caco-2 cells from lead ion damage, according to the apoptosis assessment by AO/EB, compared to the raw contents

At the concentration of 10.0 mg, carrot insoluble dietary fiber has no toxicity for Caco-2 cells, the MTT assay showed.

The results of this study highlighted the potential of the ultra-micro grinding process to produce a high added-value fiber ingredient from carrot residue with function in protecting the gastrointestinal tract against heavy and toxic chemicals.

Taken all together, carrot's insoluble dietary fiber may be used as a  functional food in improving the digestive function in absorbing heavy and toxic chemicals before causing harm to the body tissue and organs.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Physicochemical properties and intestinal protective effect of ultra-micro ground insoluble dietary fibre from carrot pomace by Ma S1, Ren B, Diao Z, Chen Y, Qiao Q, Liu X(PubMed)

Papaya, The Fruit Which inhibits the Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition


Scientists may have found a whole fruit with a potential in inhibiting the overexpression of inflammation caused by the acute and chronic phases of infection, some studies suggested.

Inflammation is a natural systematic immune response in activating the production of the inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage or injury.

However, overexpression of noninflammatory agents activity in a prolonged period can damage the healthy nearby cells and damage the cells in the affected region. In severe cases, this action may lead to cell apoptosis, causing abnormal scars formation that damage the infected organs.

Many chronic diseases, such as cirrhosis are the results of liver scars formation caused by excessive alcohol drinking and infected by hepatitis viruses.

Some researchers suggested that anti-inflammatory cytokines under a normal condition at the acute phase of infection can also switch to pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Dr. Opal SM, in the elevated function of anti-inflammatory cytokines, wrote, "The anti-inflammatory cytokines are a series of immunoregulatory molecules that control the proinflammatory cytokine response. Cytokines act in concert with specific cytokine inhibitors and soluble cytokine receptors to regulate the human immune response".

These result suggested that anti-inflammatory cytokines also act according to the stimulation of the immune system.

Chronic inflammation is a condition that can last for months, sometimes years, in which the immune system has a failure to eliminate all microorganisms, in the acute inflammation.

Some chronic inflammations also are the results of autoimmune disorder, caused by the immune system attacks normal healthy tissue, by mistaking them for pathogens that cause disease.

Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belonging to the family Caricaceae and native to the tropics of the Americas, and was first cultivated in Mexico and several centuries


Chemical constituents
Alkaloids, Cardenolides, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Benzyl glucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone, etc.

In the findings of a natural ingredient to reduce the economic burden for healthcare systems, with a high mortality and limited treatment in sepsis patients, a hyperinflammatory condition, researchers at the Chongqing Medical University launched an investigation to evaluate whether mango and papaya process anti hyperinflammatory effect against sepsis.

Mangiferin (MF), a natural glucosyl xanthone found in both mango and papaya showed a significant effect in attenuating the cecal ligation and puncture-induced mortality and acute lung injury (ALI), through reducing the systemic and pulmonary inflammatory responses.

Further analysis, the function of the isolated compounds from the experimental fruits, exerted the anti-inflammatory functions in inhibiting production of proinflammatory mediators through a set of actions including deactivated sepsis-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer in stimulating the pro-inflammatory production.

Additionally, application of mangiferin (MF), also inhibited the levels of free radicals and increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a Nrf2-regulated gene that plays a critical role in the prevention of vascular inflammation found in the lung of septic mice.

Dr. Gong X, the lead author, after taking into account co and confounders said, "MF attenuates sepsis by up-regulation of HO-1 that protects against sepsis-induced ALI through inhibiting inflammatory signaling and proinflammatory mediators:

Interestingly, in the reaffirm the potency of fermented papaya preparation (FPP) (a product of yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn) and a food supplement, in chronic and degenerative disease conditions (such as thalassemia, cirrhosis, diabetes and aging through modulating the immunological, hematological, inflammatory, vascular and oxidative stress damage parameters, researchers found that

* Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) does not cause a genotoxic effect when exposed to HepG2 cells nor and the PC12 cells.

* Application of exerts a strong effect in reducing levels of free radicals and increasing antioxidants by balancing the ratio of antioxidants produced by the host tissue and ROS.

Thus, decreasing the levels of oxidative stress caused by overexpression ROS in stimulating the onset of  cell damage and inflammation, which have a strong implication in causing a variety of cancers, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative disorders (such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease), exercise physiology (including performance sports) and aging.

These results suggested that fermented papaya and its bioactive compound may be considered functional food used conjunction with conventional medicine for prevention and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

However, additional data collection on large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of fermented papaya and its bioactive compound during the course of the inflammation will be necessary to complete the picture of papaya anti-inflammatory possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Anti-inflammatory effects of mangiferin on sepsis-induced lung injury in mice via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Gong X1, Zhang L, Jiang R, Ye M, Yin X, Wan J.(PubMed)
(2) Applications and bioefficacy of the functional food supplement fermented papaya preparation by Aruoma OI1, Hayashi Y, Marotta F, Mantello P, Rachmilewitz E, Montagnier L.(PubMed)
(3) Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara by Loizzo MR1, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R.(PubMed)

Maternal Coffee Intake >2 Cups Per Day, A Potential Risk Of Infant's Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition


In compared to herbal medicine, food therapy even takes longer to ease symptoms, depending on the stage of the treatment which directly addresses the cause of disease.

Women, drinking moderated coffee during pregnancy may have a profound effect in increased risk of infants' acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), some studies suggested.

In other words, All is cancer originated from in stem cells of the blood caused by abnormal lymphoid stem cells that grow and develops disorderly.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a medical condition characterized by large amounts of immature lymphocytes made by the bone marrow.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, approximately 5,960 new cases of ALL (3,290 in males and 2,670 in females) were diagnosed in 2018. The disease also causes the death of 1,470 deaths, including 830 in males and 640 in females in the same year.

The prevalent risk for developing ALL is highest in children younger than 5 years of age. The risk then declines slowly until the mid-20s and begins to rise again slowly after age 50.

Patients diagnosed with All have a mean of 5 years survival rate of  70%. However, in those aged 14 or younger, more than  90% will survive their leukemia for 5 years.

Coffee, the popular and social beverage all over the world, after green tea, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Acute leukemia is a condition of rapid increase in the numbers of extreme immature white blood cells in the bloodstream, tissues, and organs.

According to the 12 case-control studies, comprising a total of 3649 cases and 5705 controls, coffee, and coffee caffeine consumption were associated linearly to a higher risk of childhood leukemia, by the dose-response analyses.

Dr. Thomopoulos TP, the lead researchers said, " detrimental association between maternal coffee consumption and childhood leukemia risk and provide indications for a similar role of maternal cola intake".

Instantly, in the review of literature database of up to May 5, 2013, and the lists of references of retrieved articles screened to identify additional relevant studies, researchers reported that
* In low to moderate-level drinkers during pregnancy, the risk of children Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was 1.22.

* A maternal coffee highest consumption was statistically significantly associated with childhood ALL of 1.65 compared to nondrinker.

Dr. Cheng J, the lead author said, "maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy may increase the risk of childhood AL" and " linear dose-response relationship of coffee consumption and childhood AL (P for nonlinearity = .68), including childhood ALL and childhood AML; with increased coffee consumption, the risk of childhood AL increased".

Furthermore, in the reviews of the French ESCALE study, included 764 AL cases and 1,681 controls in 2003-2004 in women with Genotypes of the candidate alleles (NAT2*5 rs1801280, ADH1C*2 rs698, and rs1693482, CYP2E1*5 rs2031920 and rs3813867), scientists found that
* Regular coffee drinking expected mother was associated with childhood AL and

* The incidence is increased linearly with daily intake (p for trend <0.001; >2 cups per day vs. no or less than 1 cup per week).

* There was no association between gene alternation and risk of childhood ALL found among these women.

The findings suggested that maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy may increase the risk of childhood AL, particularly in pregnant women who drink more than 2 cups per day.

Women who have a previous history of this type of incidence should reduce intake of coffee for the preventive measure.


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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Maternal and childhood consumption of coffee, tea and cola beverages in association with childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis by Thomopoulos TP1, Ntouvelis E1, Diamantaras AA2, Tzanoudaki M3, Baka M4, Hatzipantelis E5, Kourti M6, Polychronopoulou S7, Sidi V6, Stiakaki E8, Moschovi M9, Kantzanou M1, Petridou ET10.(PubMed)
(2) Maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute leukemia: a meta-analysis by Cheng J1, Su H2, Zhu R3, Wang X1, Peng M1, Song J1, Fan D1.(PubMed)

Garlic, The Pungent Spice Which Kills Bowel Cancer Cells, Researcher Find

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Studies suggested that garlic may have a potential in killing bowel cancer cells before they can spread to form colonization.

Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is a chronic and medical condition caused by the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix.

Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing cancer. The progression of cancer and is predictable.

The exact causes of bowel cancer are unknown. researchers as of today do not know why people in the same health condition and age in the same family and similar dietary pattern, some are susceptible to the onset of bowel cancer, while others do not.

However, researchers do know that certain risk factors are associated with the development of the disease, including age, family history

Some researcher suggested that the mutated gene inherited from the parents, certain medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease,  polyps, obesity are also some of the bowel cancer prevalent risk factors.

A recent study also showed people who smoke and consume high volumes of red meat are also in the elevated risk of the onset of the disease.

Truly, following a healthy diet and active lifestyle can decrease the risk of bowel cancer by 10 folds. Dr. IAIN ROBERTSON, the lead author at the Monash University, in the study "Colorectal cancer, diet and lifestyle factors: opportunities for prevention" wrote " The potential for colorectal cancer risk reduction by decreasing consumption of animal fats, red meat, alcohol, and cigarettes, by increasing physical activity levels, and by increasing intake of fruits, vegetables and dietary fibre".

If you are experiencing symptoms of a change of bowel habits that last longer than one month, persistent rectal bleeding, abdominal pain that does not stop,.and blood in the stool, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of bowel cancer.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia.

The pungent spice has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc.

Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), is the best-known biologically active component in freshly crushed garlic, found to reduce the risk of bowel cancer through inhibiting bowel cancer cell lines HCT-116, LS174T, HT-29, and Caco-2, via the activity of Nrf2, according to The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Nrf2 is a protein that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins to protect the cells against damage and injury caused by oxidative stress triggered by inflammation.

However, in the colon cancer cell lines, overexpression of Nsf2 can initiate cancer cells apoptosis.

The Chungbuk National University study that uses colon cancer cell (SW620 and HCT116) to investigate whether sulfur compounds thiacremonone isolated from garlic could modulate NF-kappaB activity and thereby induce apoptotic cell death of colon cancer cells, suggested, application of different concentrations ranged from 30 - 150 microg/ml of thiacremonone for the periods from 0 to 48 hour inhibited colon cancer cell (SW620 and HCT116) growth followed by induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Further analysis showed that the efficacy of the novel sulfur compound against colon cancer cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death was attributed to the compound's function in modulating of NF-kappaB, a protein that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.

In vitro, intake of garlic and its lipid-based extracts, induced cell cycle arrest, through a fourfold increase in caspase activity (apoptosis) in PC-3 cells when treated at a dose of 0.5 or 1 μg/m and may be considered a potential as promising anticancer agents, including colon cancer.

Dr. Baena R and Dr, Salinas P said, " Dietary factors and lifestyle may contribute to the increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence... Fish consumption may decrease CRC risk by 12% whereas garlic intake is not significantly associated with reduced CRC risk".

In fact, diet represents 30-35% of risk factors that contribute to the onset of cancer, adding garlic in your diet together with the reduction of meat intake can reduce the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer

However, in the order to confirm garlic isolated compounds anti bowel cancer efficacy, further data collection on large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Allicin purified from fresh garlic cloves induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via Nrf2 by Bat-Chen W1, Golan T, Peri I, Ludmer Z, Schwartz B.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis via inactivation of NF-kappaB by a sulfur compound isolated from garlic in human colon cancer cells by Ban JO1, Yuk DY, Woo KS, Kim TM, Lee US, Jeong HS, Kim DJ, Chung YB, Hwang BY, Oh KW, Hong JT. (PubMed)
(3) Crude Garlic Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Cancer Cells In Vitro by Bagul M1, Kakumanu S1, Wilson TA1,2. (PubMed)
(4) Diet and colorectal cancer by Baena R1, Salinas P2(PubMed)
(5) Diet and cancer: risk factors and epidemiological evidence by Baena Ruiz R1, Salinas Hernández P2.(PubMed)
(6) Colorectal cancer, diet and lifestyle factors: opportunities for prevention by IAIN ROBERTSON, RONA BOUND and LEONIE SEGAL, (Monash University)