Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of Fibrosarcoma some scientists suggested.
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.
Fibrosarcoma is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the fibrous connective tissue. The tumor can be classified into low grade, intermediate malignancy and high malignancy, depending to different degrees of differentiation:
In the investigation of eggplant (Solanum melongena var. marunasu) extract activity on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell lines, researchers at the Gifu Pharmaceutical University found that delphinidin, a flavonoid pigment containing in the peel, does not affect tumor cell cells interact and attach to a surface, substrate or another cell to the basement membrane matrix Matrigel (MG) to initiate the tumor cells proliferation or migration, but modulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 secreted by the tumor cell, thus reducing risk of the matrices in stimulated cancer cell growth and tumor expansion.
Basement Membrane
Matrix is a solubilized basement
membrane preparation extracted
from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm
(EHS) mouse sarcoma.
The function of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) which plays essential role in collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells to provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
In vivo, the basement membrane matrix Matrigel (MG) has been used to measure the angiogenic inhibitors and stimulators, repair damaged tissues, and increase tumor growth in some cancer experiments.
Further differentiation of delphinidin in cancer risk insisted that the chemical constituents also restained cancer cell invasion through reduced expression of inhibited serum- and vascular endothelium growth factor(VEGF) in induction of making new blood vessel to provide nutrients and oxygen for proliferation and cancer progression.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics by promoting proliferation secreted by various human cancers.
Moreover, researchers also indicated that the efficacy of anti cancer cell activity of delphinidin was attributed to the function of phytochemical in triggering extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs) in regulated cancer cell cycle division, including meiosis, mitosis, and post mitosis.
In depth analysis also discovered that delphinidin isolated from eggplant also activated the independent of nitric oxide pathway in suppression of cancer cell progression by initiated cell cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase.
Interestingly, gallic acid and anthocyanins, the bioactive chemical constituents isolated from eggplant and other fruits and vegetables in the study of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 suggested that injection of gallic acid and anthocyanins derivative delphinidin-3-glucoside demonstrated a significant activity in induction of cell apoptosis through cytotoxicity.
According to the Zymographic analysis, gallic acid exerted the anti cancer cell growth and tumor invasiveness through inhibited the secretion and activation of gelatinase proteases in breaking down protein into its building blocks, amino acids of MMP to activate cancer progression and metastasis by the tumor.
In human, gelatinases are expressed by matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9.
Importantly, gallic acide also ameliorated cancer progression through inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 same as the effectiveness as delphinidin involved in anti angiogenestic activity.
Taken together, eggplant with abundant bioactive chemical compounds such as gallic acid and anthocyanins may be used as functional food for reduced risk and treatment of fibrosarcoma, depending to further investigation.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Inhibitory effect of delphinidin from Solanum melongena on human fibrosarcomaHT-1080 invasiveness in vitro by Nagase H1, Sasaki K, Kito H, Haga A, Sato T.(PubMed)
(2) Delphinidin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through a transient activation of ERK-1/-2 by Martin S1, Favot L, Matz R, Lugnier C, Andriantsitohaina R.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary gallic acid and anthocyanin cytotoxicity on human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. A study on the mode of action by Filipiak K1, Hidalgo M, Silvan JM, Fabre B, Carbajo RJ, Pineda-Lucena A, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B, de Pascual-Teresa S.(PubMed)
Sunday, 6 May 2018
A Possible Cure of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Naturally? MEDLINE Studies Show
Kyle J. Norton
Anise together with change of diet pattern may have a potential and substantial effect in cure of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is medical condition characterized by fat accumulated in the liver tissue other than excessive consumption of alcohol.
According to the American liver foundation, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is one of most common cause of liver disease and approximately 30% (100 millions) individuals in the United States are estimated to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Prolonged and untreated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease may induce complication of cirrhosis, a disease characterized by late-stage of fibrosis in the liver and untreated cirrhosis can lead to life threatening diseases, such as a coma, liver failure, or death.
*Intakes of red meat, fats, and sweets are associated to elevated risk of NAFLD and consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables are associated to reduced risk of NAFLD.
* There is a highly positive association between the Western dietary pattern and the risk of NAFLD.
Anise together with change of diet pattern may have a potential and substantial effect in cure of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is medical condition characterized by fat accumulated in the liver tissue other than excessive consumption of alcohol.
According to the American liver foundation, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is one of most common cause of liver disease and approximately 30% (100 millions) individuals in the United States are estimated to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
The causes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease are unknown. Also, as of today researchers do not understand why some people are susceptible to liver fat accumulation while others are not.
However, some researchers suggested that combined health problems such as over weight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia may all contribute to the onset of the diseases.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science in the examine the results of selected studies including in 33 full text and 7 articles suggested that
The university experiment also found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with the attenuated severity of hepatic steatosis through improving insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant population with NAFLD,
Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....
Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.
In the comparison the effect of anise fruit essential oil and extract and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the Islamic Azad University conducted an experiment of 60 rats randomly divided into ten groups, six in each group with NAFLD induced by using choline-deficient diet for 90 days and followed by 30 days of treatment with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract (AE) as well as 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day of essential oil (AO)
During the course and the end of the experiment researchers showed that both applications exert significantly reverse activities in
* Increased plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol and
* Decreased high-density lipoprotein level caused by choline-deficient diet in dose-dependent manner.
Additional differentiation also found that AE and AO reduced the elevated levels of enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) which are considered as indications of either liver injure or damage caused by the acute inflammation in the experiential subject model.
However, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may have normal transaminase levels.
Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is usually used as a maker to detect liver damage.
Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are the best predictor of NAFLD after considering to other clinical and biochemical features.
Observation of injection of anise AE and AO also exerted a powerful antioxidant activity in significantly lower over expression of ROS in exhibited free radical chain reaction in induction of oxidative stress to precipitate liver toxicity.
According to the St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, over expression of free radicals in the liver can damage cellular macromolecules in induction of hepatocellular injury.
Also, in histological findings, both AE and AO displayed a substantial effect in reduced macrovesicular steatohepatitis which is the leading cause of liver cancer.
Further analysis of the experiment, researchers found that both anise AE and AO demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress indicated by elevation of plasma level of 8-isoprostane which is correlated to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Elevated 8-Isoprostane values activated by lipid peroxidation induced by injection of choline-deficient diet were also considered as a biomaker in patient with non alcoholic liver disease and correlated to with body mass index and total cholesterol in NAFLD but did not significantly relate to sex, age, biochemical data or iron metabolism markers in all liver diseases.
Therefore, people with high body mass index and high levels of total cholesterol levels are susceptible in increased risk of the diseases.
Taken together, intake of herbal Anise with abundant of bioactive chemical constituents and change of diet pattern with rich of whole grains, fruits and vegetables may have a highly potential in cure of non alcoholic liver disease,
However, further data collection on larger sample and multi centers clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its anti nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) possibilities.
Intake of Anise extract should only be prescribed by related field specialist in prevention of acute liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Asadollahpoor A1, Abdollahi M2, Rahimi R3,(PubMed)
(2) Relationship between Diet and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review Article by Mirmiran P1, Amirhamidi Z1, Ejtahed HS1, Bahadoran Z1, Azizi F2(PubMed)
Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.
In the comparison the effect of anise fruit essential oil and extract and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the Islamic Azad University conducted an experiment of 60 rats randomly divided into ten groups, six in each group with NAFLD induced by using choline-deficient diet for 90 days and followed by 30 days of treatment with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract (AE) as well as 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day of essential oil (AO)
During the course and the end of the experiment researchers showed that both applications exert significantly reverse activities in
* Increased plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol and
* Decreased high-density lipoprotein level caused by choline-deficient diet in dose-dependent manner.
Additional differentiation also found that AE and AO reduced the elevated levels of enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) which are considered as indications of either liver injure or damage caused by the acute inflammation in the experiential subject model.
However, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may have normal transaminase levels.
Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is usually used as a maker to detect liver damage.
Observation of injection of anise AE and AO also exerted a powerful antioxidant activity in significantly lower over expression of ROS in exhibited free radical chain reaction in induction of oxidative stress to precipitate liver toxicity.
According to the St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, over expression of free radicals in the liver can damage cellular macromolecules in induction of hepatocellular injury.
Also, in histological findings, both AE and AO displayed a substantial effect in reduced macrovesicular steatohepatitis which is the leading cause of liver cancer.
Further analysis of the experiment, researchers found that both anise AE and AO demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress indicated by elevation of plasma level of 8-isoprostane which is correlated to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Elevated 8-Isoprostane values activated by lipid peroxidation induced by injection of choline-deficient diet were also considered as a biomaker in patient with non alcoholic liver disease and correlated to with body mass index and total cholesterol in NAFLD but did not significantly relate to sex, age, biochemical data or iron metabolism markers in all liver diseases.
Therefore, people with high body mass index and high levels of total cholesterol levels are susceptible in increased risk of the diseases.
Taken together, intake of herbal Anise with abundant of bioactive chemical constituents and change of diet pattern with rich of whole grains, fruits and vegetables may have a highly potential in cure of non alcoholic liver disease,
However, further data collection on larger sample and multi centers clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its anti nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) possibilities.
Intake of Anise extract should only be prescribed by related field specialist in prevention of acute liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Asadollahpoor A1, Abdollahi M2, Rahimi R3,(PubMed)
(2) Relationship between Diet and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review Article by Mirmiran P1, Amirhamidi Z1, Ejtahed HS1, Bahadoran Z1, Azizi F2(PubMed)
Saturday, 5 May 2018
How to Protect Yourself Against Liver Cancer Naturally and Easily, PubMed Model Studies Suggest
Kyle J. Norton
Green tea may have a potentially hepoprotective effect in inhibited onset and progression of liver cancer, some institutes suggested.
Liver disease is a reduced function of liver, as a result of damage or injure, causing by medication, viral infection,....
Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
However, as yin in nature herbal medicine ,or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.
Adding to slice of ginger in your beverage will do the trick of getting rid over yin expression, recommended for long term users.
According to the joint study lead by the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, in the review of the data base of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, regular green tea drinking was associated to a significant reduction of risk of liver disease(1), including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.
Green tea demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease regardless of the race and geography(1) of the patients resided such as Asian, American and European subgroups.
Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the liver tissue.
At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.
Epidemiological studies suggested that green tea bioactive phytochemicals Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) displays a strong inhibition of liver cancer through several mechanisms.
In liver cancer animal model induced by chronic exposure of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a carcinogenic and mutagenic organic compound, application of green tea bioactive compounds Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) demonstrated a strong effect in reduced initiation of cancer formation and potential chemopreventive effect in pre and post treatment of the injected animal(5).
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is an inducer of hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine, presented in tobacco smoke,.........
Further observation of EGCG/TF action in inhibited over expression of liver cancer, researchers found that the compounds also induce cancer cell death, similarly to those of CD44-specific cell membrane binding combined with near-infrared irradiation in induction of cellular apoptosis(5).
High CD44-positive expression is associated to acute cancer cells.
More over, the restriction processes of EGCG/TF in modification of the onset of liver cancer development, was found to regulate multiple biogenesis involved maintaining a relatively stable equilibrium in organs tissues, during the carcinogenesis processes., including
* The self-renewal Wnt/β-catenin and Hh/Gli1 pathways with implication of cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation and cell differentiation and
* Cell proliferation involved Cyclin D1, a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle; cMyc found in increased expression of many genes that can induce formation of cancer; and EGFR with strong impact in triggering cancer cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival.
* Tumor suppressor (E-cadherin), a type of cell adhesion molecule, with function involved in cancer progression and metastasis.(5)
Interestingly, the therapeutic efficacy of tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) also regulated the proteins expression of cell differentiation, polarity and proliferation(the self-renewal Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways)(6).during CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Where hedgehog (Hh) pathways is important signaling cascades involved tumor growth and metastasis.
Application of green tea bioactive tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) induced chemo preventive potential in maintain cell integrity at the 30 weeks of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine application(6).
Continuous administration of EGCG/TF once gain exerted a strong impact in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, as well as decreased function of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in participated restoration of the cancerous liver tissue and population with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in liver carcinoma(6) observed by AFP and CD44 expression.in CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Also, during the restriction processes of EGCG/TF, the bioactive compounds also modulated
* The expression of tumor progression to a more invasive phenotype(phospho-β-catenin-Y-654), through enhancing Wnt signalling;
*The proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer gene, secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) due to SFRP1 is lost in cancer cells and over expresion of SFRP2 and 4 derived from the tumor stromain in initiated tumor proliferation, migration and invasion.
* The gene in control tumor suppressor(β-catenin)(6). Mutation β-catenin is associated to various diseases, including cancers.
In short, green tea EGCG/TF inhibited the contaminated cells inflicted by injection of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine to prevent the initiation of liver cancer through modulation of certain gene expressions involved in liver cancer initiation and progression.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its potential in inhibited liver cancer possibilities.
Sources
(1) The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis by Yin X1, Yang J2, Li T3, Song L4, Han T5, Yang M1, Liao H1, He J1, Zhong X1.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(4) Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature by Molinari M1, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, Peltekian K.(PubMed)
(5) Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice by Sur S1, Pal D2, Roy R2, Barua A2, Roy A3, Saha P2, Panda CK4.(PubMed)
(6) Tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete and theaflavin restrict mouse liver carcinogenesis through modulation of self-renewal Wnt and hedgehog pathways by Sur S1, Pal D2, Mandal S3, Roy A4, Panda CK5.(PubMed)
Green tea may have a potentially hepoprotective effect in inhibited onset and progression of liver cancer, some institutes suggested.
Liver disease is a reduced function of liver, as a result of damage or injure, causing by medication, viral infection,....
Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
However, as yin in nature herbal medicine ,or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.
Adding to slice of ginger in your beverage will do the trick of getting rid over yin expression, recommended for long term users.
According to the joint study lead by the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, in the review of the data base of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, regular green tea drinking was associated to a significant reduction of risk of liver disease(1), including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.
Green tea demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease regardless of the race and geography(1) of the patients resided such as Asian, American and European subgroups.
Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the liver tissue.
At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.
Epidemiological studies suggested that green tea bioactive phytochemicals Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) displays a strong inhibition of liver cancer through several mechanisms.
In liver cancer animal model induced by chronic exposure of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a carcinogenic and mutagenic organic compound, application of green tea bioactive compounds Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) demonstrated a strong effect in reduced initiation of cancer formation and potential chemopreventive effect in pre and post treatment of the injected animal(5).
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is an inducer of hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine, presented in tobacco smoke,.........
Further observation of EGCG/TF action in inhibited over expression of liver cancer, researchers found that the compounds also induce cancer cell death, similarly to those of CD44-specific cell membrane binding combined with near-infrared irradiation in induction of cellular apoptosis(5).
High CD44-positive expression is associated to acute cancer cells.
More over, the restriction processes of EGCG/TF in modification of the onset of liver cancer development, was found to regulate multiple biogenesis involved maintaining a relatively stable equilibrium in organs tissues, during the carcinogenesis processes., including
* The self-renewal Wnt/β-catenin and Hh/Gli1 pathways with implication of cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation and cell differentiation and
* Cell proliferation involved Cyclin D1, a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle; cMyc found in increased expression of many genes that can induce formation of cancer; and EGFR with strong impact in triggering cancer cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival.
* Tumor suppressor (E-cadherin), a type of cell adhesion molecule, with function involved in cancer progression and metastasis.(5)
Interestingly, the therapeutic efficacy of tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) also regulated the proteins expression of cell differentiation, polarity and proliferation(the self-renewal Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways)(6).during CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Where hedgehog (Hh) pathways is important signaling cascades involved tumor growth and metastasis.
Application of green tea bioactive tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) induced chemo preventive potential in maintain cell integrity at the 30 weeks of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine application(6).
Continuous administration of EGCG/TF once gain exerted a strong impact in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, as well as decreased function of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in participated restoration of the cancerous liver tissue and population with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in liver carcinoma(6) observed by AFP and CD44 expression.in CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Also, during the restriction processes of EGCG/TF, the bioactive compounds also modulated
* The expression of tumor progression to a more invasive phenotype(phospho-β-catenin-Y-654), through enhancing Wnt signalling;
*The proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer gene, secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) due to SFRP1 is lost in cancer cells and over expresion of SFRP2 and 4 derived from the tumor stromain in initiated tumor proliferation, migration and invasion.
* The gene in control tumor suppressor(β-catenin)(6). Mutation β-catenin is associated to various diseases, including cancers.
In short, green tea EGCG/TF inhibited the contaminated cells inflicted by injection of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine to prevent the initiation of liver cancer through modulation of certain gene expressions involved in liver cancer initiation and progression.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its potential in inhibited liver cancer possibilities.
Intake of supplementation should be taken with especial care in prevention of acute liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis by Yin X1, Yang J2, Li T3, Song L4, Han T5, Yang M1, Liao H1, He J1, Zhong X1.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(4) Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature by Molinari M1, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, Peltekian K.(PubMed)
(5) Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice by Sur S1, Pal D2, Roy R2, Barua A2, Roy A3, Saha P2, Panda CK4.(PubMed)
(6) Tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete and theaflavin restrict mouse liver carcinogenesis through modulation of self-renewal Wnt and hedgehog pathways by Sur S1, Pal D2, Mandal S3, Roy A4, Panda CK5.(PubMed)
How to Prevent Liver Diseases Naturally, PubMed Medical Literature Suggestions
Kyle J. Norton
Green tea may have a potentially hepoprotective effect in prevention and treatment of liver diseases, renowned institutes postulated.
Liver disease is a reduced function in toxin elimination of liver as a result of damage or injure, causing by medication, viral infection,....
Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
However, as yin in nature herbal medicine ,or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.
According to the joint study lead by the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, in the review of the data base of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, regular green tea drinking is associated to a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease(1), including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease.
Green tea demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease regardless of the race and geography(1) of the patients resided such as Asian, American and European subgroups.
1. Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the liver tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.
In the review of medical literature published online, green tea bioactive phytochemicals such as Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF), in prevention and treatment of liver cancer have been postulated by several mechanisms.
In liver cancer, animal model induced by chronic exposure of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a carcinogenic and mutagenic organic compound, application of green tea bioactive compounds Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF) demonstrated a strong effect in reduced initiation of cancer formation and potential chemopreventive effect in pre and post treatment of the injected animal(5).
Further observation showed that EGCG/TF action in restrain the over expression of liver cancer also modulate similarly to those of CD44-specific cell membrane binding combined with near-infrared irradiation in induction of cellular apoptosis(5).
High CD44-positive expression is found to associate to acute cancer cells killing.
The restriction processes of EGCG/TF in modification of onset of liver cancer development, was also found to modify multiple biogenesis involved maintaining a relatively stable equilibrium in organs tissues(self-renewal Wnt/β-catenin, Hh/Gli1 pathways) in gene with implication of cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation and cell differentiation and proliferation(Cyclin D1, cMyc and EGFR) and tumor suppressor (E-cadherin)(5) during the carcinogenesis processes.
The therapeutic efficacy of tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) also regulated the proteins expression of cell differentiation, polarity and proliferation(the self-renewal Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways)(6).during CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Application of green tea bioactive tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) induced chemo preventive potential in maintain cell integrity at the 30 weeks of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine application(6).
Continuous administration of EGCG/TF also exerted a strong impact in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, as well as decreased function of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in participated restoration of the cancerous liver tissue and population with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in liver carcinoma(6) observed by AFP and CD44 expression.in CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine-induced mouse liver carcinogenesis.
Also, during the restriction processes of EGCG/TF, the bioactive compounds also modulated the expression of tumor progression to a more invasive phenotype(phospho-β-catenin-Y-654), tumor suppressor(β-catenin), the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer gene(sFRP1 ) and gene in control tumor suppressor(β-catenin)(6).
In other words, green tea EGCG/TF inhibited the contaminated cells inflicted by injection of CCl4/N-nitosodiethylamine to prevent the initiation of liver cancer through modulation of certain gene expressions involved in liver cancer progression.
In short, the inhibition of liver carcinogenesis by EGCG/TF was attributed to reduction in hepatocyte progenitor cell and stem cell population in restored liver cancerous cells damage through various mechanisms indicated above.
2. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is a condition caused by over accumulated of fat in the liver.
According to the University of Connecticut, Storrs, the efficacy of green tea for treatment of obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated to polyphenolic catechins in induction of hypolipidemic, thermogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities(7).
These chemical compound have also found to mitigate the occurrence and progression of NAFLD.
Dr. Masterjohn C(7), the lead author said, "(The phytochemical compounds are) demonstrating the hepatoprotective properties of green tea and its catechins and the proposed mechanisms by which these targeted dietary agents protect against NAFLD".
In mice fed on a high-fat diet for 24 weeks, then injected with EGCG (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip), for 4 weeks, researchers found that treated mice showed a significant improvement of high-fat diet in induced the body weight, grade 2 or 3 liver fatty degeneration (steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning), severe hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance(8)..
The phytocheimcal EGCG, in dose-dependent also enhanced insulin clearance and upregulated IDE protein expression and enzyme activity(8) in regulated levels of glucose in the liver of treated mice.
In fact EGCG not only promoted weigh loss but also attenuated symptoms of mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Administration of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, not only decreased weight gain and significantly lowered visceral fat but also reduced fasting serum insulin, glucose and lipids levels(9), through ameliorated expression of hepatic TG accumulation and cytoplasmic lipid droplet(9) as well as diminished hepatic lipogenesis and triglycerides out flux from liver(9).
3. Liver Cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis is a condition of abnormal function of liver due to damage liver tissue replaced by scar tissue.
According to statistic, risk of liver cirrhosis is 1.6% in adult population.
Green tea polyphenols in reduced risk and treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis was found to associate to numbers of implication, involving various mechanisms.
In male SD rats model induced liver cirrhosis through carbon tetrachloride(CCL4), randomly assigned to 3 groups, including normal group, green tea extract (GTE) group and cirrhosis group, with GTE group and the cirrhosis group were injected subcutanuously 2 times/wk over 9 weeks with 40% Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), researcher found that green tea treatment groups displayed a significant reduction of concentration of hydroxyproline(11), an amino acid produced during the hydrolysis of collagen initiate scar accumulation in the liver damage tissue caused by CCl4)(11) in compared to cirrhosis group.
Green tea application also exhibited antioxidant activities in decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA)(11), a highly toxic reactive species in precipitated liver damage induced by application of carbon tetrachloride(CCL4).
Green tea extract ameliorated the liver damage cell in formation of cirrhosis through attenuating the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1(11) in initiated cell growth, cell proliferation.
In differentiation of 11 patients with hepatitis C and detectable viremia of 4 Child-Pugh (CP) class A cirrhosis, 4 Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis, and 3 noncirrhotic, researchers at the Thomas Jefferson University indicated that injection of a single oral dose of green tea extract 400 mg containing 94% pure EGCG demonstrated a strong effect in reduced cirrhosis over expression in induction of liver tumor growth(12) by inhibiting the virus hepatitis in facilitated production of ROS species through chronic liver inflammation(12), according to the blood sample withdrawn from the patients without inducing liver toxicity.
Dr. Halegoua-De Marzio D(11), after taking into account of other con founders said, "A single 400-mg oral dose of EGCG was safe and well tolerated by all of the patients in the study" and disposition of EGCG was not significantly altered in these patients with cirrhosis".
In the concern of abnormal angiogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis in induction of severe complications such as variceal haemorrhage and encephalopathy, Dr. Hsu SJ and colleges conducted a study to investigate the effect of green tea extract in Spraqtue-Dawley rats liver induced in by common BDL (bile duct ligation) in compared to control given distill water for 28 days and found that group treated with green tea extract expressed a strong implication in ameliorated the severity of portosystemic shunting(10), a rare malformation of the vessels supplying blood to the liver caused by excessive shunting of blood from the liver portal vein to the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart due to liver cirrhosis(10) in induction portal hypertension, one of complication of variceal haemorrhage in patient with chronic liver cirrhosis and mesenteric angiogenesis(10) in development of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to initiate liver cancer.
The effect of green tea GTP extract in reduced progression of liver cirrhosis was attributed to the suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)(10) in expression of liver disease of diverse etiologies, including chronic liver diseases caused by viral infection, excessive alcohol consumption and activation of protein kinase B (Akt)(10) in regulated infectious liver cell survival, cell-cycle progression,... and levels of VEGF(10) in reflection of increased portal hypertension or decreased hepatic regenerative activity or the combination of both.
Dr.Hsu SJ(10), the lead author said after the conclusion, "GTP appears to be an appropriate agent in controlling portal hypertension-related complications via anti-angiogenesis.
4. Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is a liver disease with excessive accumulation of scar tissue as a result of inflammation and liver cell death
According to Fibro Test, approximately, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 2.8% in a general population aged 40 years or older.
Application of a novel bio-nano particle named 'Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract' at the ultrastructural level on 25 adult rats induced liver toxicity by injection of carbon-tetrachloride and ethanol doses for 3 weeks, expressed a significant reduction of nearly 25% of the sub-cellular area infected with hepatic fibrosis(13).
The efficacy of Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract in decreased liver fibroids was attributed to the antioxidant activity in inhibited the expression of the injected chemicals in induction over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(13) in chain reaction to elevated oxidative stress in initiation of liver cell apoptosis.
Observed by scanning electron microscopy, oral administration of novel bio-nano particle also exerted a strong free radical scavengers effect in protected against changes of cell surface structure and surrounding area between the hepatocytes(14), thus ameliorated risk of collagen deposit to cause liver fibroids.
In carbon tetrachloride CCL4 induced fibrotic liver tissues in rat models, treatment of green tea extract (GTE) encapsulated into Chitosan Nanoparties (CS-NPs) revealed that collagen fibers of 250 to 300 nm widths found in the fibrotic liver samples of control group with no treatment in compared to no collagen fibers in green tea treatment group(11).
The effectiveness of GTE is reduced expression of collagen fibers in the liver a was found to correlate to the antioxidant expression in reduced CCL4(11) in induction of over production of free radicals in precipitated liver tissue damage.
In the evaluation of the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats, researchers at the Korea University, indicated that application of GT inhibited activated HSC-T6(15), a rat hepatic stellate cell line which is considered as the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis.
The application also attenuated the collagen deposition which are elevated and acted as a biomaker for progression of liver fibrosis, particularly, in expression of collagen type 1 formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage(15), found in the early event in the development of hepatic fibrosis, confirmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content.
Dr. Kim HK(15), the lead author said, "green tea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic fibrosis".
5. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by immune system attacking the liver cells in induction of liver cirrhosis as a result of long term liver cellular inflammation and necrosis.
The study of concanavalin A (ConA) (25 mg/kg) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, pretreatment of green tea exerted a strong inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through increased Bcl-2 expression(16) with function of blocking the apoptotic death of some cells and deceased activity of protein Bax in activated p53, a tumor suppressor to induce cell death and caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins(16) in signaling molecules in responsible for executing cell death in compared to ConA-treated group within 8 hours of applications, according to observation of TUNEL assay by detecting apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation.
In other words, green tea EGCG administration reduced expression of ConA in induction of decreased numbers of infectious cells being attacked by the immune system, thus ameliorating risk of liver cell damage.
Application of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (10 or 30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 10 days before ConA injection also demonstrated a significant activity in reduced activation of BNIP3(16), a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family in mediated infectious cell apoptosis through autophagy(16) in induced destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components in compared to lectin ConA.
The result of green tea EGCG efficacy in induction of BNIP3 to decrease expression of concanavalin A (ConA) in reduction of numbers infectious cell proliferation was attributed to the IL-6/JAK/STAT3(16) signaling pathway which plays an important role in the mechanisms in exhibited green tea EGCG antioxidant activity in blocking infectious cells migration and invasion in exhibited hepatoprotective effect.
In other words, said, Dr. Li S(16), the lead scientist "EGCG attenuated liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis by down-regulating IL-6/JAKs/STAT3/BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy".
Further differentiation also found that green tea EGCG administration inhibited the immune over reaction and pathological damage by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)(16), tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) in activated systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.
Green tea also modulated the inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6)(16), the pro inflammatory cytokines and anti inflammatory mytokins promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)(16), a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating immune responses to the infectious tissue, as well as cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β)(16), a key mediator of the inflammatory response in protected body against pathological invasion.
6. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of acute and chronic liver disease, caused by a double stranded DNA virus HBV transmitted through infected blood, semen, or other body fluid.
According to the statistic, positive carriers among Canadian is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0%., depending to ethnicity.
According to the evaluation of the effect of green tea bioactive polyphenos epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) and risk of hepatitis B, application of the phytochemical inhibited HBV replication in the testing Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(17), through a significant effect in reduced prevalence of liver damage caused by hepatitis B virus.
Injection of EGCG at the dose of less than 100 μM in the observed liver cancer cell line showed no effect in induced cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation but exhibited a strong effect in ameliorated expression of surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg)(18) and antigen of hepatitis B virus(18) circulated in infected blood (HBeAg) levels found by the ELISA method and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assay.
Differentiation in different HepG2 2.2.15 cells to compare the effective of green tea with standard antiretroviral medication lamivudine (3TC), researchers indicated that administration of EGCG shows a significant inhibition of viral proliferation through attenuated expression of levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and extracellular HBV DNA(18) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
At doses of 50-200 μg/ml EGCG displayed strong effects in compared to lamivudine (3TC) at dose of 200 μg/ml(18).
Application of EGCG also suppressed the extracellular HBV DNA(18), a nutrient source for viral cell proliferation and survival through attachment, aggregation, and stabilization of microcolonies.
The results of the experiments pointed out that green tea EGCG comprises a potential anti-HBV activity with low toxicity.
In the investigation of green tea EGCG effect in the early stages of infection caused by four different Hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D researchers also found that at dose of more than 80%, the phyochemical inhibited both DMSO-differentiated HuS-E/2 cells and HA-NTCP-expressing Huh7 cells(19) involved cancer cell process in early stage of proliferation through induced protein degradation and ameliorated serum of tansferrin(19).(the iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids)which is considered as a liver fibrosis biomarker in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
However, treatment of cells with EGCG had no effect on HBV genome replication or virion secretion(19) and the characteristic of HBV virion and the expression of known HBV entry factors were unaltered(19) out side of the host before attacking the liver tissue.
7. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is medical condition induced by contaminated food intake containing hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C has been found to associate with sever liver damage.
According to statistic, approximately 130–150 million people around the world are living with chronic HCV.
In Huh7.5.1 cells, a HCV cell culture (HCVcc) system using a JFH1-GFP chimeric virus, application of green tea EGCG with 50 % effective concentration (EC(50)) of 17.9 μM demonstrated a strong effect in interrupted HCV progression through monitoring HCV RNA and protein levels in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with the JFH1 virus(21) by preventing the mRNA in transferring infectious cell transcription in facilitated cell proliferation and division.
Injection of green tea at dose of 50 and 25 μM EGCG, expressed a significant inhibition of the presence of HCV after 2 and 5 passages in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) experiment(21), using an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strain, with little affect to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in initiated substitution of RNA sequences for viral protein synthesis(21) in shutting off classic host translation to evade host immune response.
Notably, in comparison of effect of green tea with potent anti-HCV medicine, cyclosporin A and tamoxifen, researchers indicated that application of green tea showed a strong anti HCV viral activity, similarly to those of anti hepatitis medicine through its antioxidant expression of flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 7,8-benzoflavone (α-naphthoflavone)(21), observed in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) by blocking the entry point of the virus in initiated infection to host cells(21) and stimulating the viral cell cycle arrest at the late stage of HCV life cycle(21), respectively
Some researchers in the evaluation of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in hepatitis C infection suggested that EGCG processed anti viral expression through interrupting the cross link between HCV life cycle involving steps of entry, replication(22).
Injection of a concentration of 50 μM of EGCG was found to inhibit HCV infectivity by more than 90% at an early step of the viral life cycle(20).
The interrupted property in blocking the HCV entry cycle to induce infection to the host cell was confirmed with HCV pseudoparticles(20), a experiment model system in expression of cellular attachment which is the essential component of the HCV entry process.
Green tea EGCG also prevented attachment of of the virus to the cell surface in ameliorated HCV infection to the host cell without effecting viral replication and virion secretion outside of the host(20).
Summary
Green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenols may be considered as function foods for reduced risk and treatment of various types of liver diseases. However, intake of green supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was reported in numbers of medical literature, such as
The single ingredients extract has also been found to induce hepotoxocity(2)(4) and acute liver dysfunction(4) in many occasions due to overdoses and long term usages.
Additionally, according to the Baylor College of Medicine and Dalhousie University, Halifax reported, "(There is) a case of acute impending liver failure in an adolescent male using a weight-loss product containing green tea extract" and "acute liver toxicity observed in individuals consuming supplements containing green tea extract"(3).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
According to statistic, risk of liver cirrhosis is 1.6% in adult population.
Green tea polyphenols in reduced risk and treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis was found to associate to numbers of implication, involving various mechanisms.
In male SD rats model induced liver cirrhosis through carbon tetrachloride(CCL4), randomly assigned to 3 groups, including normal group, green tea extract (GTE) group and cirrhosis group, with GTE group and the cirrhosis group were injected subcutanuously 2 times/wk over 9 weeks with 40% Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), researcher found that green tea treatment groups displayed a significant reduction of concentration of hydroxyproline(11), an amino acid produced during the hydrolysis of collagen initiate scar accumulation in the liver damage tissue caused by CCl4)(11) in compared to cirrhosis group.
Green tea application also exhibited antioxidant activities in decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA)(11), a highly toxic reactive species in precipitated liver damage induced by application of carbon tetrachloride(CCL4).
Green tea extract ameliorated the liver damage cell in formation of cirrhosis through attenuating the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1(11) in initiated cell growth, cell proliferation.
In differentiation of 11 patients with hepatitis C and detectable viremia of 4 Child-Pugh (CP) class A cirrhosis, 4 Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis, and 3 noncirrhotic, researchers at the Thomas Jefferson University indicated that injection of a single oral dose of green tea extract 400 mg containing 94% pure EGCG demonstrated a strong effect in reduced cirrhosis over expression in induction of liver tumor growth(12) by inhibiting the virus hepatitis in facilitated production of ROS species through chronic liver inflammation(12), according to the blood sample withdrawn from the patients without inducing liver toxicity.
Dr. Halegoua-De Marzio D(11), after taking into account of other con founders said, "A single 400-mg oral dose of EGCG was safe and well tolerated by all of the patients in the study" and disposition of EGCG was not significantly altered in these patients with cirrhosis".
In the concern of abnormal angiogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis in induction of severe complications such as variceal haemorrhage and encephalopathy, Dr. Hsu SJ and colleges conducted a study to investigate the effect of green tea extract in Spraqtue-Dawley rats liver induced in by common BDL (bile duct ligation) in compared to control given distill water for 28 days and found that group treated with green tea extract expressed a strong implication in ameliorated the severity of portosystemic shunting(10), a rare malformation of the vessels supplying blood to the liver caused by excessive shunting of blood from the liver portal vein to the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart due to liver cirrhosis(10) in induction portal hypertension, one of complication of variceal haemorrhage in patient with chronic liver cirrhosis and mesenteric angiogenesis(10) in development of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to initiate liver cancer.
The effect of green tea GTP extract in reduced progression of liver cirrhosis was attributed to the suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)(10) in expression of liver disease of diverse etiologies, including chronic liver diseases caused by viral infection, excessive alcohol consumption and activation of protein kinase B (Akt)(10) in regulated infectious liver cell survival, cell-cycle progression,... and levels of VEGF(10) in reflection of increased portal hypertension or decreased hepatic regenerative activity or the combination of both.
Dr.Hsu SJ(10), the lead author said after the conclusion, "GTP appears to be an appropriate agent in controlling portal hypertension-related complications via anti-angiogenesis.
4. Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is a liver disease with excessive accumulation of scar tissue as a result of inflammation and liver cell death
According to Fibro Test, approximately, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 2.8% in a general population aged 40 years or older.
Application of a novel bio-nano particle named 'Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract' at the ultrastructural level on 25 adult rats induced liver toxicity by injection of carbon-tetrachloride and ethanol doses for 3 weeks, expressed a significant reduction of nearly 25% of the sub-cellular area infected with hepatic fibrosis(13).
The efficacy of Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract in decreased liver fibroids was attributed to the antioxidant activity in inhibited the expression of the injected chemicals in induction over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(13) in chain reaction to elevated oxidative stress in initiation of liver cell apoptosis.
Observed by scanning electron microscopy, oral administration of novel bio-nano particle also exerted a strong free radical scavengers effect in protected against changes of cell surface structure and surrounding area between the hepatocytes(14), thus ameliorated risk of collagen deposit to cause liver fibroids.
In carbon tetrachloride CCL4 induced fibrotic liver tissues in rat models, treatment of green tea extract (GTE) encapsulated into Chitosan Nanoparties (CS-NPs) revealed that collagen fibers of 250 to 300 nm widths found in the fibrotic liver samples of control group with no treatment in compared to no collagen fibers in green tea treatment group(11).
The effectiveness of GTE is reduced expression of collagen fibers in the liver a was found to correlate to the antioxidant expression in reduced CCL4(11) in induction of over production of free radicals in precipitated liver tissue damage.
In the evaluation of the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats, researchers at the Korea University, indicated that application of GT inhibited activated HSC-T6(15), a rat hepatic stellate cell line which is considered as the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis.
The application also attenuated the collagen deposition which are elevated and acted as a biomaker for progression of liver fibrosis, particularly, in expression of collagen type 1 formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage(15), found in the early event in the development of hepatic fibrosis, confirmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content.
Dr. Kim HK(15), the lead author said, "green tea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic fibrosis".
5. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by immune system attacking the liver cells in induction of liver cirrhosis as a result of long term liver cellular inflammation and necrosis.
The study of concanavalin A (ConA) (25 mg/kg) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, pretreatment of green tea exerted a strong inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through increased Bcl-2 expression(16) with function of blocking the apoptotic death of some cells and deceased activity of protein Bax in activated p53, a tumor suppressor to induce cell death and caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins(16) in signaling molecules in responsible for executing cell death in compared to ConA-treated group within 8 hours of applications, according to observation of TUNEL assay by detecting apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation.
In other words, green tea EGCG administration reduced expression of ConA in induction of decreased numbers of infectious cells being attacked by the immune system, thus ameliorating risk of liver cell damage.
Application of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (10 or 30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 10 days before ConA injection also demonstrated a significant activity in reduced activation of BNIP3(16), a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family in mediated infectious cell apoptosis through autophagy(16) in induced destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components in compared to lectin ConA.
The result of green tea EGCG efficacy in induction of BNIP3 to decrease expression of concanavalin A (ConA) in reduction of numbers infectious cell proliferation was attributed to the IL-6/JAK/STAT3(16) signaling pathway which plays an important role in the mechanisms in exhibited green tea EGCG antioxidant activity in blocking infectious cells migration and invasion in exhibited hepatoprotective effect.
In other words, said, Dr. Li S(16), the lead scientist "EGCG attenuated liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis by down-regulating IL-6/JAKs/STAT3/BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy".
Further differentiation also found that green tea EGCG administration inhibited the immune over reaction and pathological damage by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)(16), tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) in activated systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.
Green tea also modulated the inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6)(16), the pro inflammatory cytokines and anti inflammatory mytokins promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)(16), a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating immune responses to the infectious tissue, as well as cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β)(16), a key mediator of the inflammatory response in protected body against pathological invasion.
6. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of acute and chronic liver disease, caused by a double stranded DNA virus HBV transmitted through infected blood, semen, or other body fluid.
According to the statistic, positive carriers among Canadian is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0%., depending to ethnicity.
According to the evaluation of the effect of green tea bioactive polyphenos epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) and risk of hepatitis B, application of the phytochemical inhibited HBV replication in the testing Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(17), through a significant effect in reduced prevalence of liver damage caused by hepatitis B virus.
Injection of EGCG at the dose of less than 100 μM in the observed liver cancer cell line showed no effect in induced cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation but exhibited a strong effect in ameliorated expression of surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg)(18) and antigen of hepatitis B virus(18) circulated in infected blood (HBeAg) levels found by the ELISA method and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assay.
Differentiation in different HepG2 2.2.15 cells to compare the effective of green tea with standard antiretroviral medication lamivudine (3TC), researchers indicated that administration of EGCG shows a significant inhibition of viral proliferation through attenuated expression of levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and extracellular HBV DNA(18) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
At doses of 50-200 μg/ml EGCG displayed strong effects in compared to lamivudine (3TC) at dose of 200 μg/ml(18).
Application of EGCG also suppressed the extracellular HBV DNA(18), a nutrient source for viral cell proliferation and survival through attachment, aggregation, and stabilization of microcolonies.
The results of the experiments pointed out that green tea EGCG comprises a potential anti-HBV activity with low toxicity.
In the investigation of green tea EGCG effect in the early stages of infection caused by four different Hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D researchers also found that at dose of more than 80%, the phyochemical inhibited both DMSO-differentiated HuS-E/2 cells and HA-NTCP-expressing Huh7 cells(19) involved cancer cell process in early stage of proliferation through induced protein degradation and ameliorated serum of tansferrin(19).(the iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids)which is considered as a liver fibrosis biomarker in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
However, treatment of cells with EGCG had no effect on HBV genome replication or virion secretion(19) and the characteristic of HBV virion and the expression of known HBV entry factors were unaltered(19) out side of the host before attacking the liver tissue.
7. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is medical condition induced by contaminated food intake containing hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C has been found to associate with sever liver damage.
According to statistic, approximately 130–150 million people around the world are living with chronic HCV.
In Huh7.5.1 cells, a HCV cell culture (HCVcc) system using a JFH1-GFP chimeric virus, application of green tea EGCG with 50 % effective concentration (EC(50)) of 17.9 μM demonstrated a strong effect in interrupted HCV progression through monitoring HCV RNA and protein levels in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with the JFH1 virus(21) by preventing the mRNA in transferring infectious cell transcription in facilitated cell proliferation and division.
Injection of green tea at dose of 50 and 25 μM EGCG, expressed a significant inhibition of the presence of HCV after 2 and 5 passages in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) experiment(21), using an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strain, with little affect to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in initiated substitution of RNA sequences for viral protein synthesis(21) in shutting off classic host translation to evade host immune response.
Notably, in comparison of effect of green tea with potent anti-HCV medicine, cyclosporin A and tamoxifen, researchers indicated that application of green tea showed a strong anti HCV viral activity, similarly to those of anti hepatitis medicine through its antioxidant expression of flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 7,8-benzoflavone (α-naphthoflavone)(21), observed in HCV cell culture (HCVcc) by blocking the entry point of the virus in initiated infection to host cells(21) and stimulating the viral cell cycle arrest at the late stage of HCV life cycle(21), respectively
Some researchers in the evaluation of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in hepatitis C infection suggested that EGCG processed anti viral expression through interrupting the cross link between HCV life cycle involving steps of entry, replication(22).
Injection of a concentration of 50 μM of EGCG was found to inhibit HCV infectivity by more than 90% at an early step of the viral life cycle(20).
The interrupted property in blocking the HCV entry cycle to induce infection to the host cell was confirmed with HCV pseudoparticles(20), a experiment model system in expression of cellular attachment which is the essential component of the HCV entry process.
Green tea EGCG also prevented attachment of of the virus to the cell surface in ameliorated HCV infection to the host cell without effecting viral replication and virion secretion outside of the host(20).
Summary
Green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenols may be considered as function foods for reduced risk and treatment of various types of liver diseases. However, intake of green supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was reported in numbers of medical literature, such as
The single ingredients extract has also been found to induce hepotoxocity(2)(4) and acute liver dysfunction(4) in many occasions due to overdoses and long term usages.
Additionally, according to the Baylor College of Medicine and Dalhousie University, Halifax reported, "(There is) a case of acute impending liver failure in an adolescent male using a weight-loss product containing green tea extract" and "acute liver toxicity observed in individuals consuming supplements containing green tea extract"(3).
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author biography: Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis by Yin X1, Yang J2, Li T3, Song L4, Han T5, Yang M1, Liao H1, He J1, Zhong X1.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract: a potential cause of acute liver failure by Patel SS1, Beer S, Kearney DL, Phillips G, Carter BA.(PubMed)
(4) Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature by Molinari M1, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, Peltekian K.(PubMed)
(5) Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice by Sur S1, Pal D2, Roy R2, Barua A2, Roy A3, Saha P2, Panda CK4.(PubMed)
(6) Tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete and theaflavin restrict mouse liver carcinogenesis through modulation of self-renewal Wnt and hedgehog pathways by Sur S1, Pal D2, Mandal S3, Roy A4, Panda CK5.(PubMed)
(7) Therapeutic potential of green tea in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Masterjohn C1, Bruno RS.(PubMed)
(8) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice by Gan L1, Meng ZJ1, Xiong RB2, Guo JQ1, Lu XC1, Zheng ZW1, Deng YP1, Luo BD1, Zou F3, Li H1.(PubMed)
(9) Green tea polyphenols ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through upregulating AMPK activation in high fat fed Zucker fatty rats by Tan Y1, Kim J1, Cheng J1, Ong M1, Lao WG1, Jin XL1, Lin YG1, Xiao L1, Zhu XQ1, Qu XQ1.(PubMed)
(10) Green tea polyphenol decreases the severity of portosystemic collaterals and mesenteric angiogenesis in rats with liver cirrhosis by Hsu SJ, Wang SS, Hsin IF, Lee FY, Huang HC, Huo TI, Lee WS, Lin HC, Lee SD.(PubMed)
(11) [Green tea extracts protected against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage and cirrhosis].[Article in Chinese] by Xiao J1, Lu R, Shen X, Wu M.(PubMed)
(12) Limited sampling estimates of epigallocatechin gallate exposures in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with hepatitis C after single oral doses of green tea extract by Halegoua-De Marzio D1, Kraft WK, Daskalakis C, Ying X, Hawke RL, Navarro VJ.(PubMed)
(13) Effect of Green Tea Extract Encapsulated Into Chitosan Nanoparticles on Hepatic FibrosisCollagen Fibers Assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy in Rat Hepatic Fibrosis Model by Safer AM, Hanafy NA, Bharali DJ, Cui H, Mousa SA.(PubMed)
(14) Quantification of the Healing Effect in Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Chitosan Nano-Encapsulated Green Tea in Rat Model by Safer AM, Sen A, Hanafy NA, Mousa SA.(PubMed)
(15) Antifibrotic effects of green tea on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis by Kim HK1, Yang TH, Cho HY.(PubMed)
(16) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3. by Li S1, Xia Y1, Chen K1, Li J1, Liu T1, Wang F1, Lu J1, Zhou Y1, Guo C1.(PMC)
(17) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits entry of hepatitis B virus into hepatocytes by Huang HC1, Tao MH2, Hung TM3, Chen JC4, Lin ZJ5, Huang C6.(PubMed)
(18) Preventive effects of a major component of green tea, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, on hepatitis-B virus DNA replication by Karamese M1, Aydogdu S, Karamese SA, Altoparlak U, Gundogdu C.(PubMed)
(19) Green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, possesses the antiviral activity necessary to fight against the hepatitis B virus replication in vitro by Pang JY1, Zhao KJ, Wang JB, Ma ZJ, Xiao XH.(PubMed)
(20) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a new inhibitor of hepatitis C virus entry by Calland N1, Albecka A, Belouzard S, Wychowski C, Duverlie G, Descamps V, Hober D, Dubuisson J, Rouillé Y, Séron K.(PubMed)
(21) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the replication cycle of hepatitis C virus by Chen C1, Qiu H, Gong J, Liu Q, Xiao H, Chen XW, Sun BL, Yang RG.(PubMed)
(22) A cell-based, microplate colorimetric screen identifies 7,8-benzoflavone and green tea gallate catechins as inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus by Fukazawa H1, Suzuki T, Wakita T, Murakami Y.(PubMed)
Thursday, 3 May 2018
How to Prevent Leukemia Naturally and Effectively, PubMed Medical Studies Revealings
Kyle J. Norton
Adding a portion of carrots in your daily diet may have a profound and positive effect in prevent onset of leukemia, some scientists suggested.
Leukemia is progressive cancer characterized by bone marrow and other blood-forming organs in produced increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes, thus suppressing the production of normal blood cells.
The inhibition of AML cell death observed by annexinV found that application of carrot oil extract restored the viability of healthy cells found in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines but induces apoptotic cell death in AML through cytotoxicity
Dr. Tawil M, the lead scientist said, "DCOE induces selective apoptosis in AML cells, possibly through a MAPK-dependent mechanism".
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are family of serine/threonine protein kinases with strong effect in regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, stress response, apoptosis, and survival.
In further confirmation of carrot effect in inhibited leukaemia, five fractions from carrot juice extract (CJE) were tested on human lymphoid leukaemia cell lines, including 3 polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol and falcarindiol-3-acetate) and 2 carotenoids (beta-carotene and lutein).
According to the Annexin V/PI and Caspase 3 activity assays and Cell Titer Glo assay and cell cycle analysis,
* Injection of carrot extracts which contained polyacetylenes and carotenoids was significantly more cytotoxic in all three lymphoid leukaemia cell linesthan the 4 other fractions.
* Treatments with purified polyacetylenes also induced apoptosis in a dose and time responsive manner.
* Falcarinol and falcarindiol-3-acetate isolated from Daucus carota L were more cytotoxic in compared to falcarindiol
* Interestingly, the carotenoids treatment showed no significant effect on either apoptosis or proliferation in any of the tested cell lines.
Adding a portion of carrots in your daily diet may have a profound and positive effect in prevent onset of leukemia, some scientists suggested.
Leukemia is progressive cancer characterized by bone marrow and other blood-forming organs in produced increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes, thus suppressing the production of normal blood cells.
Leukemia is of the major cause of anemia.
The results of differentiation were conducted by several respectable universities, including Lebanese American University and Sheffield Hallam University and published on online medical literature, including Medline.
Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fibre
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Thiamine (VittaminB1)
8. Riboflavin (Vittamin B2)
9. Niacin (Vittamin B3)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vittamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin K
14. Calcium
15. Iron
16. Magnesium
17. Molybdenum
18. Phosphorus
19. Potassium
20. Sodium
In the evaluation of the effect of Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) in target acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, researcher at the Lebanese American University, found that application of carrot extract exerts a significant activity in inhibited all the AML cell lines while expressing no effect in tested peripheral mononuclear cells.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are blood cells with round nuclei formed an important part of immune system components, including lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and NK cells) and monocytes. The mononuclear cells are commonly used in research on immune disorders, cancer and viral diseases.......
Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fibre
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Thiamine (VittaminB1)
8. Riboflavin (Vittamin B2)
9. Niacin (Vittamin B3)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vittamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin K
14. Calcium
15. Iron
16. Magnesium
17. Molybdenum
18. Phosphorus
19. Potassium
20. Sodium
In the evaluation of the effect of Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) in target acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, researcher at the Lebanese American University, found that application of carrot extract exerts a significant activity in inhibited all the AML cell lines while expressing no effect in tested peripheral mononuclear cells.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are blood cells with round nuclei formed an important part of immune system components, including lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and NK cells) and monocytes. The mononuclear cells are commonly used in research on immune disorders, cancer and viral diseases.......
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are family of serine/threonine protein kinases with strong effect in regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, stress response, apoptosis, and survival.
* Injection of carrot extracts which contained polyacetylenes and carotenoids was significantly more cytotoxic in all three lymphoid leukaemia cell linesthan the 4 other fractions.
* Treatments with purified polyacetylenes also induced apoptosis in a dose and time responsive manner.
* Falcarinol and falcarindiol-3-acetate isolated from Daucus carota L were more cytotoxic in compared to falcarindiol
* Interestingly, the carotenoids treatment showed no significant effect on either apoptosis or proliferation in any of the tested cell lines.
These results suggested that carrot processed anti leukemia through induction of cell apoptosis via cytotocity and cell cycle arrest was attributed to the contents of polyacetylenes rather than beta-carotene or lutein.
Additionally, in the study of carrot juice extract effect against leukemia cells, researchers at the Sheffield Hallam University found that on myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines together with normal hematopoietic stem cells, injection of carrot juice extracts to 72 hours induces apoptosis and inhibited progression through the cell cycle.
In classification of types of cell line, also indicated that lymphoid cell lines are affected to a greater extent in compared to myeloid cell lines. Application of the extract showed no effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells.
The experiment strongly suggested that carrot juice extract significantly induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest in leukemia cell lines without harming to the healthy nearby cells.
Taken together, carrot and its extract may be considered as potent and therapeutic therapies for prevention of leukemia.
However, intake of carrot supplement should be taken with extreme care in prevention of acute liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effects of bioactive compounds from carrots (Daucus carota L.), polyacetylenes, beta-carotene and lutein on human lymphoid leukaemia cells by Zaini RG1, Brandt K, Clench MR, Le Maitre CL.(PubMed)
(2) Bioactive chemicals from carrot (Daucus carota) juice extracts for the treatment of leukemia.
Zaini R1, Clench MR, Le Maitre CL(PubMed)
However, intake of carrot supplement should be taken with extreme care in prevention of acute liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effects of bioactive compounds from carrots (Daucus carota L.), polyacetylenes, beta-carotene and lutein on human lymphoid leukaemia cells by Zaini RG1, Brandt K, Clench MR, Le Maitre CL.(PubMed)
(2) Bioactive chemicals from carrot (Daucus carota) juice extracts for the treatment of leukemia.
Zaini R1, Clench MR, Le Maitre CL(PubMed)
(3) Wild carrot oil extract is selectively cytotoxic to human acute myeloid leukemia cells BY Tawil M1, Bekdash A, Mroueh M, Daher CF, Abi-Habib RJ.(PubMed)
Wednesday, 2 May 2018
How to Protect Yourself From Spring Allergies Naturally, Medline Health Studies Findings
Kyle J. Norton
Including a portion of fennel in your daily diet may improve the body anti-allergic activities, some scientists suggested.
The results of the differentiation were carried out by numbers of universities and published on online medical literature.
Allergic effect associated to non harmful allergens caused by over reaction of immune system may induce symptoms of skin rash, sneezing,....
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a enzyme plays important roles in infection and allergic responses.
Although many ingredients isolated from fennel fruit demonstrated an inhibitory effect in reduced immune over reaction of the unharmful allergens, phenylpropanoid, trans-anethole, showed considerable inhibitory action of 5-LOX in compared to others, particularly at IC50 of 51.6 μM of trans-anethole
However, the fennel bioactive compound tran-anethole displayed insignificant effect on the degranulation reaction of β-hexosaminidase release from antigen-treated RBL-2H3 cells in compared to other ingredients.
RBL-2H3 cell line, is a commonly used histamine-releasing cell line in immunological research of.inflammatory and allergic activities.
These results suggested, depending to the stimulation of allergens, fennel demonstrated anti anti allergic activity through expression of different constituents in both the plant (FR) and trans-anethole alone.
Dr. the lead author after taking into account of other co founders, said, " FR and several major constituents are 5-LOX inhibitors and they may have potential for treating 5-LOX-related disorders".
Moreover, the application also reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indication and maker of oxidative stress.
Interestingly, F. vulgare fruit methanolic extract expressed a strong effect in inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the innate immune system through activated macrophages in inhibited pathogens replication.
Including a portion of fennel in your daily diet may improve the body anti-allergic activities, some scientists suggested.
The results of the differentiation were carried out by numbers of universities and published on online medical literature.
Allergic effect associated to non harmful allergens caused by over reaction of immune system may induce symptoms of skin rash, sneezing,....
In some cases, allergic reaction can be life-threatening (anaphylaxis), depending to severity of immune responses.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
19. Etc.
In the study to confirm the potential efficacy of fennel for antiallergic use, inhibitory actions of the fruiton 5-lipoxgenase (5-LOX) and β-hexosaminidase release, researchers found that application of fennel extract at ethanol 70% with IC50 of 3.2 μg/ml, exerts a potential effect in inhibited 5-LOX-catalyzed leukotriene production in mediation of allergy, and other immune responses.
β-hexosaminidase released from activated mast cells are responsible for the allergic inflammatory reactions associated with immune response.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
19. Etc.
In the study to confirm the potential efficacy of fennel for antiallergic use, inhibitory actions of the fruiton 5-lipoxgenase (5-LOX) and β-hexosaminidase release, researchers found that application of fennel extract at ethanol 70% with IC50 of 3.2 μg/ml, exerts a potential effect in inhibited 5-LOX-catalyzed leukotriene production in mediation of allergy, and other immune responses.
β-hexosaminidase released from activated mast cells are responsible for the allergic inflammatory reactions associated with immune response.
Although many ingredients isolated from fennel fruit demonstrated an inhibitory effect in reduced immune over reaction of the unharmful allergens, phenylpropanoid, trans-anethole, showed considerable inhibitory action of 5-LOX in compared to others, particularly at IC50 of 51.6 μM of trans-anethole
However, the fennel bioactive compound tran-anethole displayed insignificant effect on the degranulation reaction of β-hexosaminidase release from antigen-treated RBL-2H3 cells in compared to other ingredients.
RBL-2H3 cell line, is a commonly used histamine-releasing cell line in immunological research of.inflammatory and allergic activities.
These results suggested, depending to the stimulation of allergens, fennel demonstrated anti anti allergic activity through expression of different constituents in both the plant (FR) and trans-anethole alone.
Dr. the lead author after taking into account of other co founders, said, " FR and several major constituents are 5-LOX inhibitors and they may have potential for treating 5-LOX-related disorders".
Additionally, according to the study of Yonsei University, oral administration (200 mg/kg) of Foeniculum vulgare fruit methanolic extract in tested animal model exhibited inhibitory effects against acute and subacute inflammatory diseases and type IV allergic reactions, an delayed type hypersensitivity usually takes a few days to develop.
Further analysis suggested that application of fennel also reduced inflammatory factors activated by
immune response in induction of systemic inflammation against allergens in causing damage to the body through its antioxidants and stimulated productions of antioxidant enzymes from the host, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level.in prevention of lipid peroxidation in initiated by ROS.
Interestingly, F. vulgare fruit methanolic extract expressed a strong effect in inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the innate immune system through activated macrophages in inhibited pathogens replication.
The above differentiation were supported by the literature of "Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology"
posted in the BioMed Resreach International.
According to the study, oral injection of methanolic extract of F. vulgare fruit at200 mg/kg once a day for 7 days showed an significant inhibitory effect on DNFB- (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-) induced delayed type hypersensitivity through fennel immunosuppressive properties.
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) may induce allergy contact dermatitis.
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) may induce allergy contact dermatitis.
The information collected indicated that fennel, its bioactive compounds and extracts may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk immune over response to unharmful allergens.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition of the Fructus of Foeniculum vulgare and Its Constituents by Lee JH1, Lee DU, Kim YS, Kim HP.(PubMed)
(2) Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare by Choi EM1, Hwang JK.(PubMed)
(3) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition of the Fructus of Foeniculum vulgare and Its Constituents by Lee JH1, Lee DU, Kim YS, Kim HP.(PubMed)
(2) Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare by Choi EM1, Hwang JK.(PubMed)
(3) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
Tuesday, 1 May 2018
How to Prevent Cancers Naturally and Efficaciously, Medline Studies Revealings
Kyle J. Norton
Adding a portion of Dried Beans into your diet, may have a potential effect in reduced risk of cancers, according to the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute.
Dried beans are nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, belongings to the family Fabaceae with healthy source of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals.
In the study to investigate 490,802 United States participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health cohort using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders and during 2,193,751 person years of follow-up from 1995/1996-2000, researchers found that
*. Intake of vegetables showed a significant effect in reduced risk of certain types of cancer.
* The relative hazard ratio risk of cancer was reduced to .95 in compared to control
*. Risk of cancer was reduced substantially as shown in highest tertile of leguminosae group (dried beans, string beans and peas, 0.80, 0.67-0.96) in compared to other groups.
Dried bean and string bean with abundant fiber scored the lower and lowerest relative risk ratio in compared to peas and other kinds of vegetables
Further analysis of diets of African-American men and women, undergoing colonoscopies in order to examine the relationship between selected dietary factors and the risk for colon polyps, according to the multiple logistic regression model used to adjust for potential confounding variables and to determine which factors influence colorectal adenoma risk, researchers said, " consumption of legumes such as dried beans, split peas, or lentils was negatively associated with risk (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.91)." and "Legumes are a good source of dietary fiber and of phytochemical compounds that may play a role in reducing adenoma formation or growth".
Once again, dried beans exerted a highest effect in reduced risk of colorectal adenoma in compared to other types of legume.
Interestingly, in broaden scope of further explore the association between legume intake and cancer risk in a case-control study of 11 cancer sites in Uruguay between 1996 and 2004, including 3,539 cancer cases and 2,032 hospital controls, intake of legume including dried peas, expressed a substantially decreased risk of stomach and prostate cancer and other forms of cancer, including
*. Cavity and pharynx cancer had a relative odd risk ratio of OR=0.48
*. Esophagus cancer with OR = 0.54
*. Larynx cancer with OR = 0.55
*. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer with OR = 0.50
*. Stomach cancer with OR = 0.69
*. Colorectum cancer with OR = 0.43
*. Kidney cancer relative had odd risk ratio of .OR = 0.41
* With relative odd risk ratio of .68 on all sites combined
After adjusting to other risk factors researchers concluded, "Higher intake of legumes was associated with a decreased risk of several cancers including those of the upper aerodigestive tract, stomach, colorectum, and kidney, but not lung, breast, prostate or bladder".
Taking altogether, there is no doubt that legume, including dried beans may have a strong effect in reduced risk of cancers excluding cancers of lung, breast, prostate and. bladder.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) Legume intake and the risk of cancer: a multisite case-control study in Uruguay by Aune D1, De Stefani E, Ronco A, Boffetta P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Acosta G, Mendilaharsu M.(PubMed)
(2) Legume intake and reduced colorectal adenoma risk in African-Americans by Agurs-Collins T1, Smoot D, Afful J, Makambi K, Adams-Campbell LL.(PubMed)
(3) Fruit and vegetable intake and head and neck cancer risk in a large United States prospective cohort study by Freedman ND1, Park Y, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC.(PubMed)
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