Remedy to Manage and Treatment of Diabetes

Kyle J. Norton  

For my years of practice and research, I do believe that intake of 1/4 table spoon of Vietnmese cinnamon powder in the morning and evevning have significant effects to keep blood sugar in check.

Prediabetes with reading of 6.9 mmol/L  of a lady I know 10 years ago, after taking the suggested amount daily, reading of the morning blood plucose is maintained at 5.3 mmol/L since.

Cinnamon, a kitchen spicy in many cultures, may have gained many believers, including medical professions because of its anti diabetic effect, through regulating the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic subjects.

According to herbalists, intake of 1/4 tsp. in the morning and evening may reduce the blood sugar significantly with little or no adverse side effects.

The herb has been use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(1).

According to the 2011 statistic from National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC), among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010, about 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes—type 1 or type 2—in the United States in 2010 and approximately,  1.9 million people ages 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States.

In a total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes study conducted by Xuhui District Central Hospital, showed  a reduction significant of blood triglyceride levels even in the low-dose group, after 3 months of oral administration(2)

Some researchers suggested that cinnamon extract improved fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance without altering the insulin secretion, through  lower triglyceride and increased liver glycogen content and improved insulin action in liver tissues(3).

Dr. Kim SH and Dr. Choung SY. told PubMed that “the effect of cinnamon in significantly increases insulin sensitivity, reduces serum, and hepatic lipids, and improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia possibly by regulating the PPAR-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism”(4)

In support of the above, chromium(Cr) and polyphenols found in cinnamon(Cinnamomon cassia) indicated a improvement of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c  in patients with type 2 diabetes following Cr supplementation, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study(7).

Unfortunately, according to the Western University of Health Sciences, consumption of cinnamon is associated with a statistically significant decrease in levels of fasting plasma glucose, but insisted that high degree of heterogeneity may limit the ability to apply these results to patient care, due to the unclear preferred dose and duration of therapy(5) 

 A randomized clinical trial in which 70 Patients with type II diabetesassigned randomly two groups (35 in cinnamon and 35 in placebo group for the testing of  the effect of cinnamon on the glucose level in blood, indicated an insignificant effect of using cinnamon on glucose level of diabetic patients and the herb should not be recommended to patients with type II diabetes depending on further studies(6).

Taken altogether, cinnamon in low dose may be effective in controlling the levels of blood glucose in patient with diabetes without altering the insulin level. according to DR. Georgakopoulou EA(7),  Oral intake of Cinnamon may cause Stomatitis, and burning sensation in mouth with large amount. The traditional Chinese medicine also insisted that Overdoses of cinnamon can be toxic and damaged to liver(1).

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References
(1) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(2) Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by Lu T, Sheng H, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Chen Y.(PubMed)
(3) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T¹, Peter A², Schulz N³, Drescher A², Bergheim I⁴, Machann J⁵, Schick F⁶, Siegel-Axel D², Schürmann A³, Weigert C¹, Häring HU¹, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(4) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice by Kim SH¹, Choung SY.(PubMed)
(5) Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Allen RW¹, Schwartzman E, Baker WL, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(PubMed)
(6) The Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients by Hasanzade F¹, Toliat M², Emami SA³, Emamimoghaadam Z(PubMed)
(7) Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity by Anderson RA.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Fennel The Potent Food With Cyto-protection and Antitumor Activity

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in  induction of cytoprotection and antitumor activity against cancer expression, some scientists suggested.

The results of fennel efficacy were reported by several respectable institutes including National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc


In the study to evaluate the efficacy of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) for its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities and for its capacity to serve as a nontoxic radioprotector in Swiss albino mice through injection of FSME, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally into mice bearing EAC before exposed to three 2-Gy doses of gamma irradiation, researchers found at after 30 days, the application extered a strong effect at the C50 (mean standard deviation 50% inhibitory concentrations) at dose of 50 μg/mL for the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and 48 μg/mL for the Hepg-2 liver cancer cell line.

Treatment group also displayed a decreased level MDA and improved natural antioxdants produced by the tissues of the host in compared to elevation of MDA and significant reduced levels of catalase and GSH contents.

These result suggested that fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) inhibited the over production of ROS caused by ingestion of doses of gamma irradiation through its anioxidants and enhanced antioxidants  production of the mice tissue via ratio of ROS and Antioxidants.

In other words, application of the fennel extract may have a potential in

* Reduced oxidative stress and protected mouse cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species.

* Improved natural antioxidants and the oxidative stability of fatty foods during storage.

* Exhibited an antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting the antioxidant defense system in EAC-bearing mice with or without exposure to radiation.

Further illustration of the effect of herbal medicine in treatment of cancers and examine the cytoprotective effects, researchers at the National Institute of Health conducted a comparison of five herbal supplements, designated FB, FM, PP, HF and FBL101, which contain different combinations of various natural herbs such as licorice, black cohosh, Dong Quai, false unicorn and vitex berry root against mice bearing CWR22R and PC3 prostate cancer xenografts.

According to the results of experiment,

* All herbal medicine, FB, FM, PP, HF and FBL101 inhibited PC3 tumor growth by 53%, 75%, 80%, 81% and 87%, respectively.

* In CWR22R tumors, application of all supplements exerted a similar effect in suppression the of the cancer cells.

* All application did not show an inhibitory activity against levels of testosterone in compared to untreated mice. However, supplements PP and FBL101 exerted a significantly reduced VEGF levels, a potent angiogenic factor with function in stimulated production of new blood vessels to ensure cell proliferation, in PC3 and CWR22R tumors.

* Intratumoral microvessel density was decreased in PC3 tumors treated with all five supplements but only in CWR22R tumors treated with HF.

Dr. Ng SS, the lead author said, "herbal supplements containing the aforementioned extracts inhibit the growth of prostate tumor xenografts, possibly in part by antiangiogenic mechanisms".

The above differentiation were supported by the Quaid-i-Azam University in the analysis of the antibacterial potential of some medicinal plants against multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and anticancer effect against MCF-7 cell line. 

According to the results of report, application of Ethanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare exhibited significant inhibition of cancer cells proliferation and induction of cancer cell apoptosis and reduction of growth of Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Taken together, fennel and its extracts may be used as function food in exertion of cytoprotection and antitumor activity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) by Mohamad RH1, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HA, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM.(PubMed)
(2) Antitumor activity of herbal supplements in human prostate cancer xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice by Ng SS1, Figg WD.(PubMed)
(3) Study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of Foeniculum vulgare, Justicia adhatoda and Urtica dioica as natural curatives by Batool R1, Salahuddin H1, Mahmood T1, Ismail M2.(PubMed)

The Secrets of ANTI Major Aging Signs Remedies(7) in Inhibited Wrinkles, Pigmentation, Laxity, Roughness, Scaliness, Sagging, Under Eye Dark Circles, Photo-Damage, and Promoted Skin Elasticity, Collagen Secretion, and More, Researchers Showed

By Kyle J. Norton

According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, to protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or to promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affect skin elasticity and tightness(a).

Other suggested that free radicals induced domino effects in production of reactive oxygen species, can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system, leading injuries damage regulation pathways of skin, including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).

Certain herbal medicne have been found to be effective in protect the skin against natural aging, including aloe vera and turmeric

1. Aloe vera
Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belongings to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.

Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.

In a study of a total of 30 healthy female subjects over the age of 45 recruited and received 2 different doses (low-dose: 1,200 mg/d, high-dose: 3,600 mg/d) of aloe vera gel supplementation for 90 days, aloe gel significantly improved wrinkles and elasticity in photoaged human skin, with an increase in collagen production in the photoprotected skin and a decrease in the collagen-degrading MMP-1 gene expression(1).

In skin condition in the elderly caused by several incurable, but treatable, chronic diseases, researchers suggested that the use of lanolin, aloe vera, and parabens may contribute to delayed hypersensitivity reaction and aging process(2).

In photo aging, combination of sodium selenite and aloin in a certain range of concentration have shown protective effects against ultraviolet radiation induced fibroblast proliferation inhibition, oxidative injury, and decreased collagen synthesis(3).

2. Green tea
Green tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.

Because of their health benefits, green tea have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.

Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin aging. Green tea extracted showed to inhibit the toxic ROS-induced skin death, through protection from H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis in a dose-dependent manner(4)(4a), improvement of the anti-wrinkle effects, through its antioxidant activity(5), skin roughness, through moisturizing effects and enhancement of skin microrelief(6) and inhibition of skin inflammation for managing allergic contact dermatitis without skin toxicity(7).

Combination of topical application of green tea and lotus, exhibited an anti aging effect on skin roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkling (SEw)(8) and composition of a formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil, exhibited a skin barrier function for maintaining skin hydration, and protecting against anti-agingprocess(9).

3. Ginseng
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus Panax, belongings to the family Araliaceae.

Depending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng (root).

In vivo, Korean red ginseng showed to enhance extension of lifespan, increase resistance to most forms of disease, through regulation of organisms' metabolism(10), and reduce wrinkle formation through inhibition of collagen degradation rather than increased collagen synthesis(11), protect against skin photodamage, through increasing the production of profilaggrin and filaggrin(12).

Ginsenoside Rd, a chemical constituent of Ginseng also exerted its anti-oxidative effects through activation of anti-oxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory effects through down-regulation of NF-κB and the consequent expressional suppressions of iNOS and COX-2(13).

On gene expression at the level of mRNAs and proteins in human skin cells, extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng, showed a significant positive effects against facial wrinkles and other symptoms of facial skin aging(14).

In the study of red ginseng (RG) and fermented red ginseng (FRG) effects on aging skin, researchers at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University found that FRG offers increased anti-wrinkle efficacy, whitening efficacy, and reduced toxicological potency compared to RG(15).

4. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

Curcumin, a major chemical compound found in turmeric, showed to have a protective effect against photo-damage on aging process(16).

Antioxidantly, curcumin scavenged free radicals from skincells, prevented trans-epidermal water loss, included a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contribute to protect skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin(17) and induced cellular stress responses in normal human skin fibroblasts through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and redox signaling(18).

5. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Gotu Kola also known as centella, is a annual plant of the genus, belongings to the family Mackinlayaceae, native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treatnervous disorders, epilepsy, senility, premature aging,....
Asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside, found in the titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA), showed to inhibit UVB-mediated damage in NHDFs through changes in the expression of specific miRNAs(19)(20).

Preparation including asiaticoside found in Guto kota extract in a treatment of temporal periorbital wrinkles tested on 27 female volunteers by applied the cream twice a day to the region of interest for 12 weeks, showed a significant improvement of the periorbital wrinkles in majority of the volunteers(21). lipstick containing asiaticoside also found to improve lip-wrinkle in in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion of a total of 50 women(22).

According to 1LVMH Recherché, asiaticoside also stimulated collagen secretion which is the major components of skindermis(23).

6. Sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis is a genus Sanguisorba, belongings to the family Rosaceae, native to throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The herb has been used in folk medicine to stop bloody dysentery, nosebleeds, and topically to treat burns and insect bites.

Ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract reduced skin aging through increased the expression of type I collagen in a dose-dependent manner(24).

 In chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes of skin aging, the extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibited wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited the decrease of dermal elastic fiber linearity in the rat hind limb skin in a dose-dependent manner(25).

7. Magnolia ovovata
Magnolia ovovata also known as Japanese Bigleaf Magnolia is the genus of Ovovata, belonging to the family Magnoliaceae, native to Japan. The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine
to treat various digestive problems, relieve stress, promote neuro-health, etc.

According to Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Magnolia ovovata extract inhibited NF-kappaB mediated gene expression, thus preventing skin photoaging processes through keratinocyte hyperproliferation and degradation of collagen fibers in mice skin(26)(27).

8. Rhus verniciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
Rhus verniciflua is a genus Toxicodendron, belongings to the family Anacardiaceae, native to China
and the Indian subcontinent.

The herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat internal parasites and stop bleeding.

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), a most common used herbal plant in herbal medicine with various
biological properties was found to be effective in free radical scavengers due to contained flavonoid
derivatives, including fustin, quercetin, butein, and sulfuretin(29) which may protect the skin from
ROS aging.

The ioactive phenolics in detoxified Rhus verniciflua Stokes (DRVS), including Gallic
acid showed to protect skin from aging through its antioxidative properties and by down-regulating
MMP-1 expression(28) and inhibited the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM)(30).

9. Chamomile
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in
the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.

Chemical compounds bisabolol, silymarin, and ectoin found in chamomile and milk thistle may consist the property to modulate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced upregulation of ROS free radicals in normal human skin fibroblasts(31).

According to University of Copenhagen, oral administration of composition extract including chamomile improved skin lesion of forehead, periocular and perioral wrinkles, mottled pigmentation, laxity, sagging, under eye dark circles and overall appearance(32).

10. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the family Lauraceae.

The herb has been use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.

According to Osaka Prefecture University, Cinnamon inhibited the breakdown of collagenous networks with aging results in hypoactive changes in the skin, through up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen without cytotoxicity.

Cinnamaldehyde, a major active component, significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its downstream signaling molecules such as insulin receptor substrate-1 and Erk1/2 in an IGF-I-independent manner(33).

11. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belongings to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, and from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of north America.

It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss,respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and bedwetting.

The study in the comparison of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), a mixture of tea and rooibos (Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis) and soybean (Glycine soja) for their effects in potentiation in reduced skin wrinkle, showed that ginkgo biloba, is most effective in increased skinmoisturization (27.88%) and smoothness (4.32%) and reduced roughness (0.4%) and wrinkles (4.63%)(34).

12. Rosemary 

Rosemary is a perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves, the genus
Rosmarinus, belongings to the family Lamiaceae. Its fresh and dried leaves has been used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine and as flavor foods while barbecuing.

Rosnary has been used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antioxidant, and antispasmodic agent to treat circulatory problem, eczema, rheumatism, muscle pain, etc.
Rosemary containing flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures may potentiate in reduced reactive oxygen species and biologic macromolecules, to neutralize free radicals or initiate biological effects to prevent skin damage(35).

According to University of Catania, natural extract isolated from rosemary leaves, showed to be effective in antiaging skin management due to its endogenous antioxidant
potential(36).

14. Grape seed extract
Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extracts from whole grape seeds that contains many
concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs),
etc..

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and to treat
skin wounds with less scarring, allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood
vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.

Grape seed extract may be beneficial in promoting youthful skin, cell health, elasticity, and flexibility
because of its antioxidant effect to bond with collagen(37).

According to Dr. Bojanowski K., grape seed extract may have a potential in anti-aging effects
throughout all skin compartments, including dermal and epidermal layers because of its induced signal transduction pathways in facial hypodermis(38). In a study of a total of men from 35 to 60 years of age, phototypes I to III, indictaed a positive effect in counteract skin photoaging, in daily application of mixture containing lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine ComplexT(39).

15. Lavender 

Lavender is a flower plant of the genus Lavandula, belonging to the family Lamiaceae,
native to Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat painful bruises and aches,
to relieve various neuralgic pains, sprains, rheumatism, etc.

Suggestion of Lavender aromatherapy may potentiate to ease anxiety in patients undergoing minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures(40).

In photodegradation and photooxidation, chemical composition and bioactive properties of Lavandula
angustifolia Miller essential oil, used conjunction with bee oglue showed that bee glue expresses a
highly protected lavender oil secondary metabolites from degradation and also preserved their
antiradical properties, both in in vitro antioxidant assays and in cell oxidative damage evaluations(41).

16. Huang Qi (Radix astragali) 

Huang Qi or Bei Qi is also known as Astragalus root. The sweet herb has been used as diuretic agent and to lower blood pressure, increase blood pressure, lessens proteinuria, improve endurance, protect liver function, regulate blood sugar, etc. as it tonifies Qi, raises Yang, strengthens the Defensive-Qi and the Exterior, expels toxins, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels.

The study of non-fermented (HQNB) and fermented preparations (HQB) of Radix astragali on
hyaluronic acid (HA) production in primary human skin cells, showed that HQB significantly
stimulated HA production in both cultured primary human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts and increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase 3 and hyaluronan synthase 2 mRNA in HaCaT cells and human fibroblasts, respectively in dose-dependent manners(42).

17. Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen)
Ge Gen is also known as Kudzuvine Root. The acrid, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti-arrhythmia, anti cancers, anti-oxidation, anti platelet coagulation, etc. and to lower blood sugar, relax the blood vessels, improve memory, treat diarrhea, etc., as it raises Yang; clears Heat,
promotes generation of Body Fluids, etc., by enhancing the functions of spleen and stomach channels.

The study of the effect of Puerariae Radix (PR), a Chinese herb and a popular food in Asia in
Hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis and the
connective tissues of the dermis, showed to stimulate the HA production of normal human epidermal
keratinocytes (NHEK), in dose-dependent, due to its rich in isoflavone glycosides like genistin and
daidzin(43).

18. Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah)

Labisia pumila is the henus Lobisia, belonging to the family belongings to the family of Myrsinaceae native to in Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

In skin aging, phytochemicals found in the herbal extract of Labisia pumila, protected against
natural aging process and accelerated by UV radiation through promoting the production of skin collagen  synthesis(43) and attenuation of UVB-induced MMP-9 expression in phtoaging(44).

Taken altogether, certain herbs have been found to enhance the protection of skin against natural
aging through protection in the degradation of epidermal and dermal layers of the extracellular
matrix (ECM), via their antioxidant and stimulative effects. Futher studies are necessary to identify
theirs effective ingredients to improve the clinical viability. 

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References
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References
(a) Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD.(PubMed)
(1) Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo by Cho S1, Lee S, Lee MJ, Lee DH, Won CH, Kim SM, Chung JH.(PubMed)
(2) Dry skin in the elderly: complexities of a common problem by White-Chu EF1, Reddy M.(PubMed)
(3) [The protective effects of sodium selenite and aloin against ultraviolet A radiation].
[Article in Chinese]by Guo Y1, Ji R, Lü X, Wan YF, Jiang X.(PubMed)
(4) Green tea extract protects human skin fibroblasts from reactive oxygen species induced necrosis by Silverberg JI1, Jagdeo J, Patel M, Siegel D, Brody N.(PubMed)
(5) Tannase-converted green tea catechins and their anti-wrinkle activity in humans by Hong YH1, Jung EY, Shin KS, Yu KW, Chang UJ, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(6) The use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient by Gianeti MD1, Mercurio DG, Campos PM.(PubMed)
(7) Human skin safety test of green tea cell extracts in condition of allergic contact dermatitis by Kim HK1, Choi SY, Chang HK, Baek SY, Chung JO, Rha CS, Kim BJ, Kim MN.(PubMed)
(8) Combined topical application of lotus and green tea improves facial skin surface parameters by Mahmood T1, Akhtar N.(PubMed)
(9) Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including greentea extract and rose oil by Yapar EA, Ynal O, Erdal MS.(PubMed)
(10) Korean Red Ginseng Tonic Extends Lifespan in D. melanogaster by Kim MS.(PubMed)
(11) Effects of red ginseng extract on UVB irradiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice by Kang TH1, Park HM, Kim YB, Kim H, Kim N, Do JH, Kang C, Cho Y, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(12) Enzyme-processed Korean Red Ginseng extracts protects against skin damage induced by UVB irradiation in hairless mice by Hwang E1, Sun ZW, Lee TH, Shin HS, Park SY, Lee DG, Cho BG, Sohn H, Kwon OW, Kim SY, Yi TH.(PubMed)
(13) Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver by Kim DH1, Chung JH, Yoon JS, Ha YM, Bae S, Lee EK, Jung KJ, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kim MK, Chung HY.(PubMed)
(14) Hormesis-based anti-aging products: a case study of a novel cosmetic by Rattan SI1, Kryzch V, Schnebert S, Perrier E, Nizard C.(PubMed)
(15) Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study by Lee HS1, Kim MR, Park Y, Park HJ, Chang UJ, Kim SY, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Inhibitory effect of encapsulated curcumin on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in mice by Agrawal R1, Kaur IP.(PubMed)
(17) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(18) Curcumin induces heme oxygenase-1 in normal human skinfibroblasts through redox signaling: relevance for anti-aging intervention by Lima CF1, Pereira-Wilson C, Rattan SI.(PubMed)
(19) Titrated extract of Centella asiatica provides a UVB protective effect by altering microRNA expression profiles in human dermal fibroblasts by An IS1, An S, Kang SM, Choe TB, Lee SN, Jang HH, Bae S.(PubMed)
(20) Centella asiatica protects against UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocyte damage through microRNA expression changes by An IS1, An S, Choe TΒ, Kang SΜ, Lee JH, Park IC, Jin YW, Lee SJ, Bae S.(PubMed)
(21) Evaluation of the effects of a preparation containing asiaticoside on periocular wrinkles of human volunteers by Lee J1, Jung E, Lee H, Seo Y, Koh J, Park D.(PubMed)
(22) Improving lip wrinkles: lipstick-related image analysis by Ryu JS1, Park SG, Kwak TJ, Chang MY, Park ME, Choi KH, Sung KH, Shin HJ, Lee CK, Kang YS, Yoon MS, Rang MJ, Kim SJ.(PubMed)
(23) [Comparative activity of asiaticoside and madecassoside on type I and III collagen synthesis by cultured human fibroblasts].[Article in French] by Bonté F1, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, Meybeck A.(PubMed)(24) Anti-wrinkle activity of ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient by Kim YH1, Chung CB, Kim JG, Ko KI, Park SH, Kim JH, Eom SY, Kim YS, Hwang YI, Kim KH.(PubMed)
(25) Inhibitory effect of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on ultraviolet-B-induced photodamage of rat skin by Tsukahara K1, Moriwaki S, Fujimura T, Takema Y.(PubMed)
(26) Magnolia ovovata extract and its active component magnolol prevent skin photoaging via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by Tanaka K1, Hasegawa J, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(27) Protecting skin photoaging by NF-kappaB inhibitor by Tanaka K1, Asamitsu K, Uranishi H, Iddamalgoda A, Ito K, Kojima H, Okamoto T.(PubMed)
(28) Protective effect of detoxified Rhus verniciflua stokes on human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts against oxidative stress and identification of the bioactive phenolics by Liu CS1, Nam TG, Han MW, Ahn SM, Choi HS, Kim TY, Chun OK, Koo SI, Kim DO.(PubMed)
(29) Identification of Rhus verniciflua Stokes compounds that exhibit free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties by Lee JC1, Lim KT, Jang YS.(PubMed)
(30) Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging by Mukherjee PK1, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK.(PubMed)
(31) The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro by Mamalis A1, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J.(PnbMed)
(32) Effect of a novel dietary supplement on skin aging in post-menopausal women by Skovgaard GR1, Jensen AS, Sigler ML(PubMed)
(33) Cinnamon extract promotes type I collagen biosynthesis via activation of IGF-I signaling in human dermal fibroblasts by Takasao N1, Tsuji-Naito K, Ishikura S, Tamura A, Akagawa M.(PubMed)
(34) Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids by Chuarienthong P1, Lourith N, Leelapornpisid P.(PubMed)
(35) Green tea and the skin by Hsu S.(PubMed)
(36) Biochemical studies of a natural antioxidant isolated from rosemary and its application in cosmetic dermatology by Calabrese V1, Scapagnini G, Catalano C, Dinotta F, Geraci D, Morganti P.
(PubMed)
(37) enolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality by Shi J1, Yu J, Pohorly JE, Kakuda Y.by (PubMed)
(38) Hypodermal delivery of cosmetic actives for improved facial skinmorphology and functionality by Bojanowski K.(PubMed)
(39)Clinical, biometric and ultrasound assessment of the effects of daily use of a nutraceutical composed of lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine Complex in photoaged human skin by Costa A1, Lindmark L, Arruda LH, Assumpção EC, Ota FS, Pereira Mde O, Langen SS.(PubMed)
(40) Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures by Grunebaum LD1, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS.(PubMed)
(41) Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Lavandulaangustifolia Miller Essential Oil are Shielded by Propolis Against UV Radiations by Angelo G1, Lorena C, Marta G, Antonella C.(PubMed)
(42) Stimulating effects of Bacillus subtilis natto-fermented Radix astragalion hyaluronic acid production in human skin cells by Hsu MF1, Chiang BH.(PubMed)
(43) Comparison of Puerariae Radix and its hydrolysate on stimulation of hyaluronic acid production in NHEK cells by Wen KC1, Lin SP, Yu CP, Chiang HM.(PubMed)
(44) eview on Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah): bioactive phytochemicals and skin collagen synthesis promoting herb by Chua LS1, Lee SY, Abdullah N, Sarmidi MR.(PubMed)
(45) Labisia pumila extract protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation by Choi HK1, Kim DH, Kim JW, Ngadiran S, Sarmidi MR, Park CS.(PubMed)

Dangerously, In US, Unexpected Poor-Healthy May Lead to Bankruptcy, Researchers Found

By Kyle J. Norton

Recent study suggested that poor health with medical bill piled up and lost of income may contribute to bankruptcy declaration.

The result of the studies were differentiated by numbers of institutes and published on online financial literature, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

According to the study medical expenses account for roughly 4 percent of bankruptcy filings among non elderly adults in the U.S., however, bankruptcy filers for medical reason also accompanied with an estimated loss of over 20% of income or 11 percent drop in employment due to hospitalization, particularly, in adults ages 50 and 59.

These results were clearly stated even with a very comprehensive medical insurance without including the the loss of income insurance, people with poor health sometimes during their life time may have a substantial risk of bankruptcy.

In the joint study conducted by numbers of respectable scientists, using the data from the LIVESTRONG 2012 survey of 4,719 cancer survivors ages 18-64, in investigated the proportions of survivors who reported going into debt or filing for bankruptcy as a result of cancer, as well as the amount of debt incurred indicated that

* Over 30% of survivor had gone into debt with 55 percent incurred obligations of $10,000 or more.

* 3 percent had filed for bankruptcy in compared to 4% in common statistics.

Further analysis, also discovered, cancer survivors who were younger, had lower incomes, and had public health insurance were more likely to go into debt or file for bankruptcy in compared to those who were older, had higher incomes, and had private insurance.

These results one more time indicated the need to have a comprehensive medical insurance and a long time income replacement policy. 

Truly, researchers should also need to take into account of younger adult who can not afford or was not approved of disability insurance due to job related activities.

The differentiation of the above were supported by evaluation conducted by the numbers of instututes professors, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Danielle Blanch-Hartigan, Bentley University, Waltham.

In a total of 1,202 adult cancer survivors diagnosed or treated at ≥ 18 years of age from the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences With Cancer questionnaire. Material financial hardship was measured by ever (1) borrowing money or going into debt, (2) filing for bankruptcy, (3) being unable to cover one's share of medical care costs, or (4) making other financial sacrifices because of cancer, its treatment, and lasting effects of treatment, researchers found that material financial and psychological hardship was more common in cancer survivors age 18 to 64 years in compared to those ≥ 65 years of age.

Patients of 18 to 64 years must deal with more stressful events, including family to support, mortgage to pay, employment, loss of income in compared to retired population without income to worry.

Moreover, cancer survivors age 18 to 64 years who were younger, female, nonwhite, and treated more recently and who had changed employment because of cancer were significantly more likely to report any material financial hardship.

This result can be easily to interpret as these group of people are most likely to work in the low paying jobs with no insurances, implying cancer survivors who were uninsured, had lower family income, and treated more recently were more likely to report psychological financial hardship.

Taken together, people who are not insured by a comprehensive package of medical and disability insurance are likely to face psychological and financial hardship and risk of bankruptcy,

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Sources
(1) How often do medical problems lead to bankruptcy? by Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(2) For Working-Age Cancer Survivors, Medical Debt And Bankruptcy Create Financial Hardships by Banegas MP1, Guy GP Jr2, de Moor JS3, Ekwueme DU4, Virgo KS5, Kent EE6, Nutt S7, Zheng Z8, Rechis R9, Yabroff KR(PubMed)
(3) Financial Hardship Associated With Cancer in the United States: Findings From a Population-Based Sample of Adult Cancer Survivors by Yabroff KR1, Dowling EC2, Guy GP Jr2, Banegas MP2, Davidoff A2, Han X2, Virgo KS2, McNeel TS2, Chawla N2, Blanch-Hartigan D2, Kent EE2, Li C2, Rodriguez JL2, de Moor JS2, Zheng Z2, Jemal A2, Ekwueme DU2(PubMed)

Add a Portion of Lentil Optimize Your Immunity Against Pathogenic Infection

By Kyle J. Norton

Lentil may have a profound and positive effect in modulated immune response in acute phase of infection, some scientist suggested

Lentil is a type of pulse and tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber, belongings genus Lens the Fabaceae family, native to Middle East.

Immune response is a natural reaction of immune system to protect our body against invasion of foreign substances.

In acute phase of infection, immune system initiated production of of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines in activated interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and other pro inflammatory factors such as TNF beta in response to detect, engulf and destroy pathogens and apoptotic cells through macrophages.

These activities played an important in induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation of bacteria or virus by attaching to the surface of the injure cells to initiation of alternation. however, over production of pro inflammatory expression may indeed cause substantial adverse effects in tissue destruction, and, in some cases, shock and death.

Type 1 T helper (Th1) in response to tissue damage and injure also activated macrophages which are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent protective activity.


In the concerns of lectins adverse effecs may pose a potential threat to consumers due to their capacity to induce histamine release from basophils, after investigating over 16 common dietary produceds containing lectins researchers found that most plant lectins induce human basophils to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4) a anti inflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in stimulated secretion of T cells and IL-13 another cytokines works conjunction with IL-4 in promoted the expression of T helper 2 (Th2) responses and regulation of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis.


All these expressed a significant effect of dietary lectin in reduced over expression of pro inflammatory factors in immune system during acute phase of infection in induced further cell damage and death in the infectious site through secretion of anti inflammatory cytokines without decreasing the immune protective activities.


Truly, further examine also found that concanavalin A, lentil lectin, phytohemagglutinin, , triggered basophils to release IL-4 at concentrations of up to 1 ng/10(6) basophils which in turn orchestrated the release of IL-13 and histamine and levels of IL-4 and IL-13 release reached a maximum after 4-6 h and more than 18 h, after injection, , respectively.


These activities demonstrated a significant effect of lentil lectin in inducing early IL-4 required to switch the immuneresponse towards a Th2 response and type I allergy, involving immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils.

Indeed, the relative balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines appears crucial, as Th1 cells activated immune response during the early state of body injure or damage through evoking cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation, in stimulated production of several pro inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta which may also cause damage to the cell of the infectious region, leading to permanently additional damage to the tissues and Th2, under response to over expression of pro inflammatory cytokines stimulated the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 of anti inimflammatory mytokines in evoked strong antibody responses (including those of the IgE class) and eosinophil accumulation, and inhibited several functions of phagocytic cells as indicated above.


Taken together, Lentil lectin may have a anti inflammatory effect in reduced over expression of pro inflammatory factors in initiation of symptoms of fever, headache, swelling, redness, loss of appetite, muscle stiffness through activating production of anti inflammatory mytokines.


Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Role of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Immune Response to Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria by Donato Torre,1,* Filippo Speranza,1 Massimo Giola,1 Alberto Matteelli,2 Roberto Tambini,1 andGilberto Biondi1(PMC)
(2) Dietary lectins can induce in vitro release of IL-4 and IL-13 from human basophils by Haas H1, Falcone FH, Schramm G, Haisch K, Gibbs BF, Klaucke J, Pöppelmann M, Becker WM, Gabius HJ, Schlaak M.(PubMed)
(3) T-cell subsets (Th1 versus Th2) by Romagnani S1(PubMed)

The Story of Vitamin C in Expression of Breast Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton


Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin, found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. It is best known for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin E for immune support.

Epidemiological studies linking vitamin C in reduced risk of breast cancer may be inconclusive(1)(1a)(1b), but no doubt in acceptance of improved quality of life(2).

Macro nutrients intake may form an important parts in breast cancer patients in providing vital support for treatment.(3). There was a report of intake of supplementation of multiple vitamin, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc in postmenopausal women for 10 or more years may protect women from developing breast cancer(3a). 

Women with breast cancer in the Indian population, were found to have a lower levels of mean vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium than controls. if the levels of mean vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium increased by 1 unit, the risk of breast cancer was reduced by 7%(3b).

In breast cancer survival, dietary vitamin C intake before breast cancerdiagnosis may be associated with breast cancer survival. but not in post-diagnosis(4). 

High intake of ascorbic acid was in associated to reduce risk of breast cancer incidence in overweight women and women with high consumption of linoleic acid (average consumption of more than 6 grams of linoleic acid per day)(5) and insignificant risk in other breast cancer patients(6). 

On inflammation in cancer patients, high dose intravenous ascorbic acid therapy, decreased the levels of C-reactive protein thus reduced inflammation correlated with decreases in tumor marker levels(7). 

Vitamin C supplements and Anthocyanin (Ixor®) at a dose of 2 tablets/day, starting from 10 days before the radiation treatment until 10 days after the end of treatment was found to be protective against skin damage to patient undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy(8).

In estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis, vitamin C (Vit C) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) found to be effective in inhibition of 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage by preventing the decreasing NRF2(antioxidant response pathway) and OGG1(base excision repair.) levels(9). 

In the study of the same but in MCF-10A cells, the combination also decreased E2-mediated increase in 8-OHdG(Marker detected in cancer patients) levels in the mammary tissues, induced SOD3 (Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]) through NRF2 Pathway to defense against oxidative stress and in the prevention of estrogen-mediated breast cancer(10).

An increased expression of the miR-93(Regulate Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene) was found in 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated mammary tissues and in human breast cell lines, treatment with vitamin C reverted E2-mediated increase in miR-93 levels by upregulating expression NRF2 antioxidant response pathway(11). 

In 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitamin C-deficient mice, Ascorbic acid delayed the progress of metastasis, tumor growth and inflammatory cytokine secretion (decreased serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6) as well as enhanced encapsulation of tumors(12).

 In L-ascorbate (L-ascorbic acid, vitamin C), increasing the concentration exhibited the autophagic damage to functional SVCT-2(antibody) sensitizes breast cancer cells(13). 

In B16F10, L-ascorbate also caused induction of a prooxidant state, subsequent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential to induced apoptosis in a caspase-8(Cell apoptosis)-independent manner(14).

 In the usage of glucan, resveratrol and vitamin C, the combination showed the strongest activator of phagocytosis (immune cell activation) and antibody formation to suppress the growth of breast and lung tumors, through stimulation of apoptosis(15). 

In 4T1 cancer cell line, combined with ascorbate, Mn(III)N-alkylpyridylporphyrins (MnPs) inhibited cancer cells via peroxide produced outside of the cell through enhancing tumour oxidative stress and tumor growth suppression(16). 

In Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) diplotype on the breast cancer, vitamin C enhanced the increase of ATM to reduce the risk of breast cancer.(17). 

In E(2) metabolism and oxidant stress in involved in estrogen-induced breast cancer development, vitamin C reducesd the incidence of estrogen-induced mammary tumors, increased tumor latency and decreases oxidative stress in vivo(18). 

In SK-BR3 and Hs578T breast cancer cell lines, Vitamin C treatment induced AIF(apoptosis-inducing factor) mediation of cell death pathway of the breast cancer cell lines independent to caspase pathway(19).

In human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, combination of Retinoic acid and ascorbic acid inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancercells through altering their gene expression related to antioxidation processes and the proliferation inhibitory pathway(20).

Taking all together, without going into reviews, vitamin C is effective in reduced risk and  treatment of breast cancer. 

Daily ingestion of high-dose vitamin C may be considered safe, but in rare incidence, overdoses in a prolonged period of time, may cause intra-renal oxalate crystal deposition, a fatal nephrotoxicity(21)(22).


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References
(1) Vitamin C suppresses cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells induced by tamoxifen by Subramani T, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Ho CL, Omar AR, Aziz SA, Rahman NM, Alitheen NB.(PubMed)
(1a) Vitamin supplement consumption and breast cancer risk: a review by Misotti AM, Gnagnarella P.(PubMed)
(1b) Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study by Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB.(PubMed)
(2) Intravenous vitamin C administration improves quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemo-/radiotherapy and aftercare: results of a retrospective, multicentre, epidemiological cohort study in Germany by Vollbracht C, Schneider B, Leendert V, Weiss G, Auerbach L, Beuth J.(PubMed)
(3) Nutritional assessment of selected patients with cancer.

Surwillo A, Wawrzyniak A.(PubMed)
(3a) Antioxidants and breast cancer risk- a population-based case-control study in Canada by Pan SY, Zhou J, Gibbons L, Morrison H, Wen SW; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group [CCRERG].(PubMed)
(3b) Association between breast cancer and vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium levels: results of a case-control study in India by Singh P, Kapil U, Shukla NK, Deo S, Dwivedi SN.(PubMed)
(4) Vitamin C intake and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of Swedish women by Harris HR, Bergkvist L, Wolk A.(PubMed)
(5) Dietary antioxidant vitamins, retinol, and breast cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women by Michels KB, Holmberg L, Bergkvist L, Ljung H, Bruce A, Wolk A.(PubMed)
(6) Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. by Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F, Hermus RJ, van den Brandt PA.(PubMed).
(7) Effect of high-dose intravenous vitamin C on inflammation in cancerpatients by Mikirova N, Casciari J, Rogers A, Taylor P.(PubMed)
(8) Skin toxicity from external beam radiation therapy in breast cancerpatients: protective effects of Resveratrol, Lycopene, Vitamin C and anthocianin (Ixor®) by Di Franco R, Calvanese M, Murino P, Manzo R, Guida C, Di Gennaro D, Anania C, Ravo V.(PubMed)
(9) Antioxidant-mediated up-regulation of OGG1 via NRF2 induction is associated with inhibition of oxidative DNA damage in estrogen-induced breast cancer by Singh B, Chatterjee A, Ronghe AM, Bhat NK, Bhat HK(PubMed).
(10) Superoxide dismutase 3 is induced by antioxidants, inhibits oxidative DNA damage and is associated with inhibition of estrogen-induced breast cancer by Singh B, Bhat HK.(PubMed)
(11) MicroRNA-93 regulates NRF2 expression and is associated with breast carcinogenesis by Singh B, Ronghe AM, Chatterjee A, Bhat NK, Bhat HK.(PubMed)
(12) Ascorbate supplementation inhibits growth and metastasis of B16FO melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitamin C-deficient mice by Cha J, Roomi MW, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M.(PubMed)
(13) SVCT-2 in breast cancer acts as an indicator for L-ascorbate treatment by Hong SW, Lee SH, Moon JH, Hwang JJ, Kim DE, Ko E, Kim HS, Cho IJ, Kang JS, Kim DJ, Kim JE, Shin JS, Jung DJ, Jeong YJ, Cho BJ, Kim TW, Lee JS, Kang JS, Hwang YI, Noh DY, Jin DH, Lee WJ.(PubMed)
(14) L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) induces the apoptosis of B16 murine melanoma cells via a caspase-8-independent pathway by Kang JS, Cho D, Kim YI, Hahm E, Yang Y, Kim D, Hur D, Park H, Bang S, Hwang YI, Lee WJ.(PubMed)
(15) Combination of glucan, resveratrol and vitamin C demonstrates strong anti-tumor potential.

Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J.(PubMed)
(16) Cytotoxic effects of Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins in the presence of cellular reductant, ascorbate by Ye X, Fels D, Tovmasyan A, Aird KM, Dedeugd C, Allensworth JL, Kos I, Park W, Spasojevic I, Devi GR, Dewhirst MW, Leong KW, Batinic-Haberle I.(PubMed)
(17) Antioxidant vitamins intake, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk by Lee SA, Lee KM, Lee SJ, Yoo KY, Park SK, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Kang D.(PubMed)
(18) Vitamin C and alpha-naphthoflavone prevent estrogen-induced mammary tumors and decrease oxidative stress in female ACI rats by Mense SM, Singh B, Remotti F, Liu X, Bhat HK.(PubMed)
(19) Ascorbate (vitamin C) induces cell death through the apoptosis-inducing factor in human breast cancer cells by Hong SW, Jin DH, Hahm ES, Yim SH, Lim JS, Kim KI, Yang Y, Lee SS, Kang JS, Lee WJ, Lee WK, Lee MS.(PubMed)
(20) Retinoic acid and ascorbic acid act synergistically in inhibiting human breast cancer cell proliferation by Kim KN, Pie JE, Park JH, Park YH, Kim HW, Kim MK.(PubMed)
(21) Fatal vitamin C-associated acute renal failure by McHugh GJ, Graber ML, Freebairn RC.(PubMed)
(22) Ascorbic acid overdosing: a risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by Urivetzky M, Kessaris D, Smith AD.(PubMed)

Warning to: Fish Omega 3 Supplement Consumers, Beware of 14 Side Effects

Kyle J. Norton

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemincals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deep sea fish, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts,.....

Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids, contained mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, although the supplement has been found to process some significant effects in the management and treatment of several diseases, many of which are inflammatory in nature. However, the supplement may induce some outlined adverse effects.

1. Altered platelet function Omage 3 fatty acid made from fish may have a strong implication on plaletet function due to the presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in increased occlusion time and sharply reduced accumulation of fibrin under flow conditions(1)(2).

Therefore, people with normal bleeding problem should be avoid taking the supplement(2).

2. Gastrointestinal adverse effects

Although Omega-3 fatty acids may have a potential in triglycerides lowering, reduction of inflammatory indices, immunomodulation, anti- thrombotic effects, particularly in gastro-protective activity. However, when the healthy supplement taken together with cortisone may cause gastrointestinal bleeding in induction of duodenum ulcer.

This result may be attributed by cortisone in increased oxidation in render them proinflammatory(3).

Other researchers suggested that over doses of omega-3 fatty acids may enhance intestinal production and secretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), in induction of the induces changes of gut bacteria composition resulting in decreased lipopolysaccharide production and gut permeability(7).

3. Detrimental Effects on Wound Healing

In the observation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling is required for optimal intestinal wound healing, researchers found that during the early response to intestinal wounding, DHA and EPA uniquely delay the activation of key wound-healing processes in the colon through at least in part suppression of EGFR function(4).

4. Increased risk of lipid peroxidation

Omega 3 fatty acide may interact with reactive oxygen species ROS in inscreased risk of lipid peroxidation in induction of ethane expression in human breath(5).

5. Toxin exposure

Omega 3 fatty acid produced by large amounts of fish may result in adverse effect due to the potential presence of environmental toxins such as mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins,.... (8).

Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid preparation may undergo oxidation incontribution to patient intolerance and potential toxicity(8).

6, Weight gain

Intake of omega 3 fatty during pregancy may have a potential effect in induced weight gain of male offspring a poor outcomes associated with high maternal weight gain early in pregnancy(10)..

7. Altered immune function

Omega 3 fatty acide with abubdant arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA contents may alter the balanced pattern of production of eicosanoids and probably also of docosanoids and resolvins, affecting phagocytosis, T-cell signaling and antigen presentation capability.(11).

8. Glycemic control
According to a randomized double-blind crossover study in compared 6 wk of n-3 fatty acid supplementation (12 g fish oil) and corn plus olive oil, long term intake of 3 fatty acid supplementation expressed in increased glycerol gluconeogenesis in contribution to deterioration of glycemic control(12).

However, during the 6 weeks of experiment, researchers also found intake of n-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers triacylglycerols in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without worsening glycemic control(12).

Drug interactions
Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids
9. May increase the effects of blood thinning medications, including aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), and clopedigrel due to its anti coagulative activity(13).

10. May increase fasting blood sugar levels, thus reducing the effect of blood sugar lowering medications, such as ,glipizide (Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL), glyburide (Micronase or Diabeta), glucophage (Metformin)(13).

11. Lower the effect of Cholesterol-lowering medications due to the alternation of ratio of good and bad cholesterol(13).

12. Pregnancy and 13. Lactation

Consumption of the nutrients omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) during pregnancy and lactation is considered beneficial to fetal and infant development. However, according to the animal study by the Wayne State University School of Medicine, Consuming or administering large or inadequate amounts of omega-3 FA during pregnancy and lactation may induce the potential for adverse effects on infant development(6).

14. Impair host resistance to intracellular pathogens

In the study of Wild-type and fat-1 transgenic mice infected with virulent H37Rv M. tuberculosis via the aerosol route, observartion of bacteriological and histopathological changes in lungs, researchers suggested that endogenous production of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 mice increases their susceptibility to tuberculosis due to impaired bacterial control in cells and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, impaired oxidative metabolism, and diminished M. tuberculosis-lysotracker colocalization within phagosomes(9).

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Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources

(1) Potential adverse effects of omega-3 Fatty acids in dogs and cats by Lenox CE1, Bauer JE.(PubMed)

(2) Exogenous modification of platelet membranes with the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA reduces platelet procoagulant activity and thrombus formation byLarson MK1, Tormoen GW, Weaver LJ, Luepke KJ, Patel IA, Hjelmen CE, Ensz NM, McComas LS, McCarty OJ.(PubMed)

(3) Gastrointestinal bleeding after high intake of omega-3 fatty acids, cortisone and antibiotic therapy: a case study by Detopoulou P1, Papamikos V.(PubMed)

(4) Inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on injury-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation contribute to delayed wound healing by Turk HF1, Monk JM, Fan YY, Callaway ES, Weeks B, Chapkin RS(PubMed)

(5) Increased levels of ethane, a non-invasive marker of n-3 fatty acid oxidation, in breath of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Ross BM1, McKenzie I, Glen I, Bennett CP.(PubMed)

(6) Reduced auditory acuity in rat pups from excess and deficient omega-3 fatty acidconsumption by the mother by Church MW1, Jen KL, Stafferton T, Hotra JW, Adams BR.(PubMed)

(7) A host-microbiome interaction mediates the opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic endotoxemia by Kaliannan K1, Wang B1, Li XY1, Kim KJ1, Kang JX1.(PubMed)

(8) Safety considerations with omega-3 fatty acid therapy by Bays HE(PubMed)

(9) Transgenic mice enriched in omega-3 fatty acids are more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis: impaired resistance to tuberculosis in fat-1 mice by Bonilla DL1, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, McMurray DN.(PubMed)

(10) Maternal Weight Gain Regulates Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Male, Not Female, Neonates by O'Tierney-Ginn PF1, Gillingham M2, Fowler J3, Brass E4, Marshall NE5,6, Thornburg KL(PubMed)

(11) Immunomodulation by omega-3 fatty acids by Calder PC(PubMed).
(12) Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids increases gluconeogenesis from glycerol but not hepatic glucose production in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by Puhakainen I1, Ahola I, Yki-Järvinen H.(PubMed)
(13) Possible Interactions with: Omega-3 Fatty Acids by Pennstate University