Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Wednesday, 14 March 2018

Intake of Turmeric(3) To Discover 19 Additionally Incredible Medical Benefits and Optimal Health, According to Diseases Perspective

By Kyle J. Norton

Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia, according to "Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species" by E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim, S.K. Wong, K.K. Lim, S.P. Tan, F.S. Lianto and M.Y. Yong, posted in Science Direct. It has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders. Curcumin is a phytochemical found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.

The Health Benefits According to Diseases
1. Anxiety
In the study to evaluate the effect of curcumin (10 and 20mg/kg), an active constituent of Curcuma longa was evaluated for its antianxiety-like activity in mice subjected to immobilization-induced restraint stress for 6h, indicated that the combination of aminoguanidine and curcuminsignificantly decreased the plasma nitrite levels as compared to curcuminand aminoguanidine per se in stressed mice. Curcumin and aminoguanidine did not produce any significant change in brain GABA contents of the animals. Diazepam (2mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic-like effect only in unstressed mice, but could not exert significant anxiolysis in stressed mice. However, diazepam significantly increased GABA contents in both unstressed and stressed mice as compared to respective control groups. These findings suggest the possible involvement of only inducible NOS and not neuronal NOS in antianxiety-like effect of curcumin(1).

2. Alzheimer's disease
Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia, according to "Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species" by E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim, S.K. Wong, K.K. Lim, S.P. Tan, F.S. Lianto and M.Y. Yong, posted in Science Direct. It has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders.
Curcumin is a phytochemical found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.
In other study of `NSAID and antioxidant prevention of Alzheimer's disease: lessons from in vitro and animal models.`by Cole GM, Morihara T, Lim GP, Yang F, Begum A, Frautschy SA. (Source from Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, North Hills, CA 91343, USA. gmcole@ucla.edu) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, reseachers found that the unconventional NSAID/antioxidant curcumin was effective, lowering oxidative damage, cognitive deficits, synaptic marker loss, and amyloid deposition. Curcumin proved to be immunomodulatory, simultaneously inhibiting cytokine and microglial activation indices related to neurotoxicity, but increasing an index of phagocytosis. Curcumin directly targeted Abeta and was also effective in other models, warranting further preclinical and clinical exploration(2).

3. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) rhizomes contain two classes of secondary metabolites, curcuminoids and the less well-studied essential oils. Dr. Funk JL and research team at the University of Arizona, indicated that Crude or refined TEO extracts dramatically inhibited joint swelling (90-100% inhibition) in female rats with streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis when extracts were administered via intraperitoneal injection to maximize uniform delivery. However, this anti-arthritic effect was accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. Oral administration of a 20-fold higher dose TEO was nontoxic, but only mildly joint-protective (20% inhibition). These results do not support the isolated use of TEO for arthritis treatment but, instead, identify potential safety concerns in vertebrates exposed to TEO(3).

4. Polymalagia Arthritis(PMR)
Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
a. Anti inflammatory effects
In a systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation, according to "Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)" by Chainani-Wu N (4)
b. Antioxidants
In the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed, found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases" by Bengmark S.(4a)

5. Chlamydia
In the study to evaluate the Berberine of a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, presented abundantly in turmeric, found that erberine extracts and decoctions have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against a variety of organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, and chlamydia. Currently, the predominant clinical uses of berberine include bacterial diarrhea, intestinal parasite infections, and ocular trachoma infections(5)

6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cadmium is a toxic metal present in the environment and its inhalation can lead to pulmonary disease such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These lung diseases are characterized by chronicinflammation. In the study of Curcumin regulates airway epithelial cell cytokine responses to the pollutant cadmium, researchers found that the natural antioxidant curcumin could prevent both cadmium-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells. In conclusion, curcumin could be used to prevent airway inflammation due to cadmium inhalation(6).

7. Diabetes
In the evaluation of the effect of feeding 0.5% curcumin diet or 1% cholesterol diet in albino rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin injection, indicated that curcumin feeding improves the metabolic status in diabetic conditions, despite no effect on hyperglycemic status or the body weights. The mechanism by which curcumin improves this situation is probably by virtue of its hypocholesterolemic influence, antioxidant nature and free radical scavenging property(7).

8. Depression
Curcumin is a major active compound of Curcuma longa. In the study to investigate the effect of curcumin on endogenous glutamate release in nerve terminals of rat prefrontal cortex and the underlying mechanisms, suggested that curcumin inhibits evoked glutamate release from rat prefrontocortical synaptosomes by the suppression of presynaptic Ca(v)2.2 and Ca(v)2.1 channels. The inhibitory effect of curcumin on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was completely abolished by the clinically effective antidepressant fluoxetine. This suggests that curcumin and fluoxetine use a common intracellular mechanism to inhibit glutamate release from rat prefrontal cortex nerve terminals(8).

9. Crohn's disease
The up regulation of gut mucosal cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and oxidative stress have been related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). In the study to investigate an immune-mediated model of colitis. TNF-α injected intraperitonally to mice induced a dose-dependent recruitment of neutrophils into abdominal mesentery, showed that AG and Cur treatments significantly attenuated the hallmarks of oxidative stress, neutrophils influx and ROS-related cellular and histological damages, in TNF-α-treated mice. Taken together, our results provide insights into the role of phagocytes-derived oxidants in TNF-α-colitis in mice. Cur and AG, by inhibiting neutrophils priming and iNOsynthase could be effective against oxidative bowel damages induced in IBD by imbalanced gut immune response(9).

10. Fibroids
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynaecological benign tumour and greatly affect reproductive health and wellbeing. Curcumin, a well-known component of turmeric, has been reported to prevent various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and obesity. Researchers at Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, suggested that curcuminsignificantly inhibited ELT-3 cell proliferation. PPARγ was expressed in ELT-3 cells and curcumin acted as a PPARγ ligand. This inhibitory effect of curcumin was attenuated by the treatment of cells with PPARγ antagonist(10).

11. Flu (influenza)
In the studt to investigate selected polyphenols for their antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses. Among the polyphenols, isoquercetin inhibited the replication of both influenza A and B viruses at the lowest effective concentration. In a double treatment of isoquercetin and amantadine, synergistic effects were observed on the reduction of viral replication in vitro. The serial passages of virus in the presence of isoquercetin did not lead to the emergence of resistant virus, and the addition of isoquercetin to amantadine or oseltamivir treatment suppressed the emergence of amantadine- or oseltamivir-resistant virus. In a mouse model of influenza virus infection, isoquercetin administered intraperitoneally to mice inoculated with human influenza A virus significantly decreased the virus titers and pathological changes in the lung. Our results suggest that isoquercetin may have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of influenza virus infection and for the suppression of resistance in combination therapy with existing drugs.(11).

12. Hepatitis
Curcumin has not only shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities but also has had the ability to inhibit several factors like nuclear factor-kappaB, which modulates several pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines as well as its anti-oxidant properties, provide a rational molecular basis to use it in hepatic disorders. Curcumin attenuates liver injury induced by ethanol, thioacetamide, iron overdose, cholestasis and acute, subchronic and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) intoxication; moreover, it reverses CCl(4) cirrhosis to some extent(12).

13. Genital herpes
In the study to investigate Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the curry spice turmeric in exhibiting a wide range of activities in eukaryotic cells, including antiviral effect, found that curcumin affects VP16-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase II to IE gene promoters by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity(13).

14. Irritable bowel syndrome
In the study to assess the effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptomology in otherwise healthy adults, indicated that IBS prevalence decreased significantly in both groups between screening and baseline (41% and 57%), with a further significant drop of 53% and 60% between baseline and after treatment, in the one- and two-tablet groups respectively (p < 0.001). A post-study analysis revealed abdominal pain/discomfort score reduced significantly by 22% and 25% in the one- and two-tablet group respectively, the difference tending toward significance (p = 0.071). There were significant improvements in all bar one of the IBSQOL scales of between 5% and 36% in both groups, approximately two thirds of all subjects reported an improvement in symptoms after treatment, and there was a favorable shift in self-reported bowel pattern(14).

15. Liver disease
In the stdu8y to evaluate the protective role of soy against CCl(4)-induced liver damage in rats as four experimental groups were treated for 8 weeks and included the control group,showed that Supplementation with soysucceeded to restore the elevation of liver enzymes activities and improved serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, soy supplementation improved the antioxidant enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved the histological picture of the liver tissue. It could be concluded that soy-protein-enriched isoflavones may be a promising agent against liver diseases(15).

16. Lupus Cerebritis
c. Anti inflammatory effects
In a systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation, according to "Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)" by Chainani-Wu N.

b. Antioxidants
In the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed, found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases" by Bengmark S.

c. Neuroprotective effect
In the finding of the A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in treating Parkinson's Disease, found that curcumin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, crosses the blood-brain barrier and is neuroprotective in neurological disorders. Several studies in different experimental models of PD strongly support the clinical application of curcumin in PD. The current review explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin in PD, according to "Curcumin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease" by Mythri RB, Bharath MS.

17. Multiple sclerosis
In the study of Curcuminoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Dr. Kim DS and research team at the Core LifeSource Inc., showed that curcuminoids found in turmeric prevent β-synuclein aggregation in PD; attenuate ROS-induced COX-2 expression in ALS; ameliorate the symptoms of MS, DE and traumatic brain injury, in addition to neurodamages caused by heavy metal poisoning(4). Others suggested that Curcumin, a dietary spice from turmeric, has outstanding anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects(17).

18. Obesity
In the study to investigate the effect of curcumin, the major polyphenol in turmeric spice, on angiogenesis, adipogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression involved in lipid and energy metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte in cell culture systems and on body weight gain and adiposity in mice, found that in vivo effect of curcumin on the expression of these enzymes was also confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In addition, curcumin significantly lowered serum cholesterol and expression of PPARgamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, 2 key transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. The curcumin suppression of angiogenesis in adipose tissue together with its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes may contribute to lower body fat and body weight gain(18).

19. Pelvic inflammatory disease
According to the study of evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation by Satoskar RR, Shah SJ, Shenoy SG., poated in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers wrote that In this model of postoperative inflammation, the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) was investigated in comparison with phenylbutazone and placebo. Phenylbutazone and curcumin produced a better anti-inflammatory response than placebo(19).

Side effects
1. Overdose may cause gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea and diarrhea and liver damage.
2. Topical use may be allergic to skin such irritation to certain peoples
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant and breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.

Drink This Anti Ageing Smoothie Daily for Fountain of Youth, Researchers Suggested

By Kyle J. Norton

The finding of foods from natural sources has been a dream of scientists and scholars since ancient time. Socrates Said,” Let foods be your medicine and let medicine be your foods”. Let all of us exercise the values of the past wisdom to build a letter living and living health while enjoining these delicious drinks.

Scientists may have found the combination of natural sources with promising potential in foods for treatment of skin aging, some scientists suggested

The Anti Aging smoothie

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounce each)
1/2 cup wolfberry
1 cup avocado and 4-6 ice cubes
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed. Add more green tea drink if needed
3. Serve immediately.

Skin aging is one of most visible process which occurs constantly in our skin organ.

According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, to protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or to promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affected skin elasticity and tightness(1).

Wolfberry is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species, the genus of Lycium, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to native to southeastern Europe and Asia.

The fruits inhbit anti ageing by improved skin SOD activity, reduced skin MDA contents, and increased Hyp content activities(2).

On nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model, achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) and lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) found in wolfberry improved skin ageing through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity(3).

Furthermore, the extreme day cream (EXD) and extreme night treatment (EXN), includong wolfberry, attenuated biological effects of skin photo-damage through reduction of cell apoptosis in the epidermis of skin organ cultures and pro-inflammatory cytokine(4).

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, green tea have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.

Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin ageing. Green tea extracted showed to inhibit the toxic ROS-induced skindeath, through protection from H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis in a dose-dependent manner(10), improvement of the anti-wrinkle effects, through its antioxidant activity(5), skin roughness, through moisturizing effects and enhancement of skin microrelief(6) and inhibition of skin inflammation for managing allergic contact dermatitis without skin toxicity(7).

Combination of topical application of green tea and lotus, exhibited an anti aging effect on skin roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkling (SEw)(8) and composition of a formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil, exhibited a skin barrier function for maintaining skin hydration, and protecting against anti-aging process(9).

Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belongings to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.

In growing rats fed with diets containing 10% (w/w) of the tested avocado oils, showed to increased soluble collagen content due to a result of a consequence of the inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity(11).

On wound healing in rats, after the 14th day of treatment with 50% SSFAO or avocado oil containing rich source of oleic acid and essential fatty acids, exhibited a significant increase in percentage wound contraction and reepithelialization(12).

In Exposing skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, reduced significantly UV-induced cellular damage, through increasing cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine in mediated the inflammation process(13).

Taking altogether, we should all drink this smoothie as much as we we can to prevent the early onset of ageing. Diet and lifestyle change are also recommended.

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

References
(1) Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(2) A study of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) extraction technology and its anti-aging effect by Yi R1, Liu XM, Dong Q.(PuBMed)
(3) Inhibiting effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model by Deng HB1, Cui DP, Jiang JM, Feng YC, Cai NS, Li DD.(PubMed)
(4) Photo-damage protective effect of two facial products, containing a unique complex of Dead Sea minerals and Himalayan actives by Wineman E1, Portugal-Cohen M, Soroka Y, Cohen D, Schlippe G, Voss W, Brenner S, Milner Y, Hai N, Ma’or Z.(PubMed)

(5) Tannase-converted green tea catechins and their anti-wrinkle activity in humans by Hong YH1, Jung EY, Shin KS, Yu KW, Chang UJ, Suh HJ.(PubMed)
(6) The use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient by Gianeti MD1, Mercurio DG, Campos PM.(PubMed)
(7) Human skin safety test of green tea cell extracts in condition of allergic contact dermatitis by Kim HK1, Choi SY, Chang HK, Baek SY, Chung JO, Rha CS, Kim BJ, Kim MN.(PubMed)
(8) Combined topical application of lotus and green tea improves facial skinsurface parameters by Mahmood T1, Akhtar N.(PubMed)
(9) Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including green teaextract and rose oil by Yapar EA, Ynal O, Erdal MS.(PubMed)
(10) Green tea extract protects human skin fibroblasts from reactive oxygen species induced necrosis by Silverberg JI1, Jagdeo J, Patel M, Siegel D, Brody N.(PubMed)

(11) The effect of various avocado oils on skin collagen metabolism by Werman MJ1, Mokady S, Nimni ME, Neeman I.(PubMed)
(12) Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (avocado) oil on wound healing in rats by de Oliveira AP1, Franco Ede S, Rodrigues Barreto R, Cordeiro DP, de Melo RG, de Aquino CM, E Silva AA, de Medeiros PL, da Silva TG, Góes AJ, Maia MB.(PubMed)
(13) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)

Tuesday, 13 March 2018

The Secrets of ANTI Major Aging Signs Vitamin(3) in Enhanced (Type 1 & 4) Collagen, Smoothed Wrinkles and Inhibited Aging Spots, Fine Lines, Improved Overall Intensity of Pigmentation and More, Scientists Revealed

Skin aging is one of most visible process which occurs constantly in our skin organ.

According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, to protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or to promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affect skin elasticity and tightness(a).

Other suggested that free radicals induced domino effects in production of reactive oxygen species, can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system, leading injuries damage regulation pathways of skin, including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).

Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin, found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables.

The water soluble vitamin is best known for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin E for immune support.

In skin aging, the vitamin may improve solar radiation protection and epidermal aging(1) through production of collagen due to its antioxidant activity(2)(3).

Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin C in prevention of skin damage and aging have produced some certain results(3a)(3b)(3c), but the large sample size and multi canters studies are necessary to validate it effectiveness.

L-ascorbic acid, was known for its effects on skin-whitening anti-oxidation causes of skin aging.

During the aging process, levels of vitamin C was found slowly deplete, according to Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology in the measurement of plasma and urine of C57BL/6 male mice turnover during 3 to 30 months of aging(4).

Therefore, restoration of physiological levels of vitamin C inside the cells might improve the lysosomal degradation (protection of cell from the degradative enzymes, through protection of the cytosol) in the outflow pathway cells and prevent the pathogenesis of glaucomadegrade proteins(5).

Unfortunately, some researchers suggested that higher levels of circulating vitamin C may not provide protection against incident radiographic knee OA, and be associated with an increased risk of knee OA(6).

Panorama Research Institute and Regenerative Sciences Institute, insisted "careful attention to individual and family medical history and personal genomic data may prove essential to make wise dietary and supplement choices to be combined with exercise(7).

According to the Minghsin University of Science and Technology, in doses dependent manner, concentration of L-ascorbic acid, induced absorption of the collagen solution in exhibition of smoothing wrinkles and clear up the spots(8).

Ascorbic acid (AA) is essential in stimulation for collagen gene expression. In type 1 and type 4 collagen and SVCT2, the vitamin was found to enhance the expression of type 1 and type 4 collagens and SVCT2 mRNA in cultured human skin fibroblasts at 100 μM AA placed every 24h for 5 days to prevent depletion(9).

The Chiang Mai University study also supported the effects of ascorbic acid in anti-aging process through exhibition pro and active MMP-2 inhibitory(10).

Other study suggested the combined vitamins, including vitamin C in a single formulation had a slightly lower degradation rate and more stable formulations as compared to different preparations containing only one of the vitamins(11)(12).

Amazingly, in vivo, application of vitamin C showed a significant reduction of oxidative stress in the skin, an improvement of the epidermal-dermal microstructure and a reduction of fine lines and wrinkles in aged skin within a relatively short period of time of product application(13).

The Bruce and Associates study also insisted the effectiveness of vitamin C application over 12 week period as the vitamin enhanced the overall intensity of pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles, tactile roughness, and laxity with 100% of satisfied overall appearance of tested subject skin(14).

Taken altogether, vitamin C was found to be effective in slowdown skin aging regardless to the cause, through its antioxidant status, down regulated the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and enhanced production of collagens. Daily ingestion of high-dose vitamin Cmay be considered safe, but in rare incidence, overdoses in a prolonged period of time, may cause intra-renal oxalate crystal deposition, a fatal nephrotoxicity(15)(16).

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References

(a) Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD.(PubMed)
(1) Hass avocado composition and potential health effects by Dreher ML1, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) The effects of a daily facial lotion containing vitamins B3 and E and provitamin B5 on the facial skin of Indian women: a randomized, double-blind trial by Jerajani HR1, Mizoguchi H, Li J, Whittenbarger DJ, Marmor MJ(PubMed)
(3) A bioactive complex to protect proteins from UV-induced oxidation in human epidermis, by Schweikert K1, Gafner F, Dell'Acqua G.(PubMed)
(4) Protective effects of a cream containing Dead Sea minerals against UVB-induced stress in human skin by Portugal-Cohen M1, Soroka Y, Ma'or Z, Oron M, Zioni T, Brégégère FM, Neuman R, Kohen R, Milner Y.(PubMed)
(5) Topical use of dexpanthenol in skin disorders by Ebner F1, Heller A, Rippke F, Tausch I.(PubMed)
(6) Dexpanthenol enhances skin barrier repair and reduces inflammation after sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation by Proksch E1, Nissen HP.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Wild Carrot, Single and Hidden Root Vegetable for Treatment of Skin Cancer, Endorsed By Online Published Medical Literature

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots may have a profound and substantial effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of skin cancer, some scientists suggested.

Skin cancer is a condition characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in skin tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may infect other healthy tissue and organ a distance away from the original site.

Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spices of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

Nutritional Benefits
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fibre
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Vitamin A
7. Thiamine (VittaminB1)
8. Riboflavin (Vittamin B2)
9. Niacin (Vittamin B3)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vittamin B9)
12. Vitamin C

13. Vitamin K
14. Calcium
15. Iron
16. Magnesium
17. Molybdenum
18. Phosphorus
19. Potassium
20. Sodiumancer

In the investigation of essential oil isolated from wild carrot umbels effect in mice induced skin cancer through injection of 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA), after 20 weeks of administered to animals via gavage (0.02 mL of 100% oil), intraperitoneal (0.3 mL of 2% oil), and topical (0.2 mL of 5, 50, and 100% oil) with half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50, researchers showed that topical administration of 100% mice group exerted in delay skin cancer appearance and inhibited tumor incidence of 89%.

With concentration of IC40, topical 50% and 5% treatment inhibited tumor incidence by 83% and 36%, respectively.

Topical ingestion of 100, 50, and 5% oil, also revealed a significant decreased of tumor volume by 99, 91, and 70%, respectively.

Intraperitoneally, treatment mice displayed a inhibited tumor by 43%, and decreased tumor volume by 85%, whereas gavage treatment showed minimal effects on both.

These results suggested that intraperitoneal and topical treatment of wild carrot essential oil decreased infiltration and proliferation with an increase of abnormal thickening of the outer layer of the skin.

Further analysis of the wild carrot essential oil anti cancer effect on human epidermal keratinocytes and the chemopreventive activity of the pentane diethyl ether fraction on DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice, scientists in the joint study lead by the Lebanese American University suggested that application of all fractions isolated from the essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with HaCaT cells being 2.4-3 times less sensitive than HaCaT-ras A5 (benign tumorigenic), and HaCaT-ras II4 (malignant) cells observed by western blot.

In Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 2-himacharlen-6-ol. a derivative isolated from pentane/diethylether fraction (F2), demonstrated strong inhibition of HaCaT-ras A5 and HaCaT-ras II4 cells through cell cycle arrest in the accumulation of cells of the sub-G1 apoptotic phase and apoptosis in decreased the population of cells in the S and G2/M phases.

These results were attributed to the F2 fraction in enhanced of the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) in induction cellular apoptosis and attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) proteins in promoted cancer proliferation.

Interestingly, all fractions also decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, (AKT is an essential component of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway) in monitor skin cancer cell growth and resistance to apoptosis and ERK(components of mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways) in mediated different anti proliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence.

Based on the information fonding, Dr. Shebaby WN, the lead author said, " F2 fraction has a remarkable antitumor activity against DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, an effect that may be mediated through inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways".

The above differentiation were supported by the joint study lead by the University of Surrey in evaluation of Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) activity in inhibtion of HaCaT-ras II-4 epidermal squamous cells.

According to the experiment, β-2-himachalen-6-ol isolated from the wild carrot essential oil at dose-dependent decreased in skin cell survival with an IC50 and IC90 of 8 and 30 μg/ml, respectively.

Observation of Flow cytometry analysis also revealed that treatment of by β-2-himachalen-6-ol is linearly associated to volume injection, as dose of 10 μg/ml HC significantly increased the number of cells undergoing late apoptosis (28%), while 25 μg/ml caused a larger cell shift towards late apoptosis (46.6%) and necrosis (39%).

Beside decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT, and ERK as shown in the mentioned above, β-2-himachalen-6-ol also inhibited the significant decrease in protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in acting as tumours suppressor, caused by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/ 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and increased p21 and Bax function in cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis.

Astonishingly, application of essential oil extract of wild carrot inhibited skin cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis withing harming the nearby healthy cells in tested mice.

Taken together, essential oil of carrot and its bioactive derivative may be considered as an adjunct therapy in reduced risk, progression and used combination with standard medicine for treatment of skin cancer.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Arthritis Is Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice by Zeinab RA1, Mroueh M, Diab-Assaf M, Jurjus A, Wex B, Sakr A, Daher CF(PubMed)
(2) Wild carrot pentane-based fractions suppress proliferation of human HaCaT keratinocytes and protect against chemically-induced skin cancer by Shebaby WN1, Mroueh MA2, Boukamp P3,4, Taleb RI1, Bodman-Smith K5, El-Sibai M1, Daher CF(PubMed)
(3) β-2-himachalen-6-ol protects against skin cancer development in vitro and in vivo by Daaboul HE1, Daher CF2, Taleb RI2, Boulos J2, Bodman-Smith K1, Boukamp P3,4, Shebaby WN2, Dagher C5, El-Sibai M2, Mroueh MA(PubMed)

6 Common Herbs to Fight Cold and Influenza

Cold and Flu are the most commonly occurring illnesses in the entire world, with more than 1 billion colds per year reported in the United States alone. The common cold is a self-limiting illness caused by any 1 of more than 200 viruses. If you have a weak immune system, you are at the greatest risk to get cold and flu.

Here are some herbs that might help to prevent cold and flu:

1. Echinacea
Echinacea boosts the immune system to help prevent cold, flu, allergies and minor upper respiratory infections therefore it has an effectiveness of treating cold, flu & sinus relief.

3.Green tea
Green tea contains antioxidants that can help to boost immune function, therefore with immune system strengthening substances green tea protects your body from getting cold or flu. A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition showed that subjects taking a special preparation of green tea as a capsule experienced 23% less of getting cold and flu overall and 36% fewer sick days.

4. Goldenseal
Goldensea provides nutrients that enhance the immune system and help fight the cold and flu, shortening the duration of colds and flu. It also is one of the most popular herbal combinations for respiratory issues, used by Native Americans for centuries.

5. Astragalus
Astralagus has been used in Asia to prevent cold and flu for more than 2,000 years. This herb stimulates the body's production of interferon, which is a potent immune protein that boosts your ability to fight infections and diseases.

6. Peppermint
Peppermint is an expectorant and a decongestant. It may offer some relief for mild asthma attacks, lessening bronchial constriction and making it easier to breathe. Peppermint promotes sweating, which could possibly help regulate body temperature during a fever, which is good news during cold and flu season.

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home Page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Aloe Vera(1)More Than Skin Care, Discover 9/ 28 Hidden Health Benefits That You Always Want to Know, According to Medical Literature

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belongings to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan.

The herb has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.

Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol,...

It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.

The Ingredients
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.

Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Many herbs have been proven in studies to be effective in treating type II diabetes, including Aloe vera.

As a popular herbal remedy in the United Kingdom, oral administration of aloe vera might be a useful adjunct for lowering blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as for reducing blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidaemia.

In other study of Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Oral administration of PAG for 8 weeks was found to reduce circulating blood glucose concentrations to a normal level in these DIO mice.

Its leaf is also found to be useful in treating diabetes, as study said A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats, the effectiveness being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide. On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats.

2. Ance vulgaris

Ance vulgaris, one of skin diseases with areas of scaly red skin with seborrhea, blackheads and whiteheads. Aloe vera one of many herbs has been studied and researched in pharmaceutical world, because of its common problem to the young ages and commercial profits.

The study to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of tretinoin (TR) cream (0.05%) and Aloe vera topical gel (50%) with TR and vehicle, has been well tolerated and significantly more effective than TR and vehicle for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and with less side effects.

Other researchers in the observation of traditional medicines of many cultures used to treat skin diseases, indicated that certain ingredients, including aloe vera, have been identified in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

3. Gastric Ulcers

Gastric ulcers is defined as a condition of a localized tissue erosion in the lining the stomach. as a result of bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) in most cases.

Some people with gastric ulcers may be not experience any symptoms at all, while others may have burning pain, severe nausea, and vomiting.

In the comparison of the effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing, treatment of Aloe vera found to reduce leukocyte adherence and TNF-alpha level, elevate IL-10 level and promote gastric ulcer healing.

Because of its Anti-inflammatory effects, treatment of A. vera process the enhancement in leukocyte-endothelium interaction are associated with reduction in TNF-alpha level.

Other in the study of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl and acid outpu, indicated that Aloe vera is endowed with gastric acid anti-secretory activity and could protect the gastric mucosa at low concentrations against injurious agents.

Another component of Aloe vera, the Polymer fraction (Avpf; molecular weight cut-off ≥50 kDa; 150 mg/kg body weight, p.o.), reduce 50% of the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), according to the study.

4. Cancers

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

Aloe-Emodi, a chemical compound found in Aloe vera, specifically suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms and may be used as a possible application of anthraquinones in preventing or treating breast cancer in the future.

Also in other study, Aloe-Emodi is considered as a potential value for the treatment of gastric cancer and cervical cancer because of its mechanisms are by means of cell cycle interruption and induce differentiation and suppressed the expression of PKCalpha and c-myc.

Radiotherapy are most often used to treat head and neck cancer patients. Ina study ofAloe Vera, Dr. Ahmadi A. found that oral Aloe vera mouthwash may not only prevent radiation-induced mucositis, but also may reduce oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties.

5. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women. According to the study by Desai BN, Maharjan RH, Nampoothiri LP. almost 70% PCOS women have abnormal serum lipid levels (dyslipidemia) and 50% of these women are obese. Several classes of pharmacological agents have been used to manage dyslipidemia. However, studies have shown adverse effects associated with these drugs.

Aloe Vera may be a potential herb in treating Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by enhancing the reductions of plasma triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol or by restoring the ovarian steroid status.

According to the study of PCOS was induced in Charles Foster female rats by oral administration of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg body weight, 21 days), AVG treated PCOS rats exhibited significant reduction in plasma triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol.

The gel treatment also caused reversion of abnormal estrous cyclicity, glucose intolerance, and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities, bringing them to normal. Other study also indicated that Aloe vera gel formulation exerts a protective effect in against the PCOS phenotype by restoring the ovarian steroid status, and altering key steroidogenic activity.

This can be attributed to phyto-components present in the extract.

Dr.Pérez YY and the research team in the study of Effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice also indicated that decreasing significantly both body weight (p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels of Aloe, calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula by the polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera.

Also in the confirmation of above result, study of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models, vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats, the effectiveness being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide. On the contrary,

A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats. It may therefore be concluded that the pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Where non-diabetic (ND), type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats.

6. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is defined as a condition of Inflammation of Gum Diseases.

Aloe Vera anti-inflammatory property may be the result of the plant used in treatment of gum diseases. In the sudy of 45 patients who were diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis were included, aloe mouth wash is proven to be the most potential in reduction in gingival inflammation caused by plagues.

Other in the the randomized, controlled, and double-blind study, a total of 148 systemically healthy subjects, showed statistically significant decrease in PI, MGI, and BI scores after the rinse regimen began in comparison with the use of chlorhexidine.

But Dr. de Oliveira SM, and the research team in comparison of Aloe vera and fluoridated dentifrice, found that here was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in both groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them (p>0.01), Aloe vera did not show any additional effect on plaque and gingivitis control compared to the fluoridated dentifrice.

7. Psoriasis

Psoriasis is defined as chronic condition of inflammatory skin disease, affecting the joins and mostly happens to people who are obese are predisposed to diabetes and heart disease.

Many herbal extracts have been used as topical management of plaque psoriasis, including Aloe vera based on multiple studies.

Aloe vera gel is used in alternative medicine over the century for the treatment of skin diseases, including psoriasis, and recent study showed that ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf gel also produced a significant increase in relative epidermal thickness and an overall antipsoriatic activity of high effective rate.

Other in the comparison of comparion to evaluate the efficacy of Topical aloe vera (AV) and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis, AV cream may be more effective than 0.1% TA cream found to be more effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of psoriasis.

Unfortunately, in diverse dermatologic conditions, even though there are some promising results with the use of aloe vera, but clinical effectiveness of oral and topical aloe vera may require further studies, according to the study of Dr. Feily A, and Dr. Namazi MR.

8. Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is defined as a condition, if a patient is diagnosed with abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits at least three times a month for the last 3 months without preexistence of other disease.

Aloe vera (AV) has long been suggested by herbal medicine in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. In the comparison of the effectiveness of a mixture of Aloe vera (AV) and Matricaria recutita (German chamomile, GC) in treating Irritable bowel syndrome, GC inhibited only small bowel transit while the AV/GC mixture delayed gastric emptying at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg.

The AV/GC mixture also reduced colonic transit and small bowel transit at the dose of 150 mg/kg. In other randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of to test the effects of aloe vera for irritable bowel syndrome, there was no evidence that AV benefits patients with IBS and superior to placebo in improving quality of life proven Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients, but in 49 completed the protocol to 1 month and 41 to 3 months.

Eleven of thirty-one (35%) AV patients, and 6 of 27 (22%) placebo patients responded at 1 month (p = 0.763). Diarrhoea predominant patients showed a trend towards a response to treatment at 1 month (10/23 V 2/14, p = 0.07).

9. Skin diseases

Skin diseases is defined as a condition of skin damage and classified according to each pathogenic causes of diseases.

In the a systematic review of Aloe vera's clinical effectiveness, topical application of aloe vera is not an effective preventative for radiation-induced skin injuries, but might be effective for genital herpes and psoriasis.

In support to above, study by Feily A, Namazi MR. indicated that Topical application of aloe vera is not an effective in sunburn or suntan protection, but might be effective in treating genital herpes, psoriasis, human papilloma virus, seborrheic dermatitis, aphthous stomatitis, xerosis, lichen planus, frostbite, burn, wound healing and inflammation.

Reference can be found at

References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. by Vogler BK, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(4) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of processed Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. by Kim K, Kim H, Kwon J, Lee S, Kong H, Im SA, Lee YH, Lee YR, Oh ST, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim K.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models.
Okyar A, Can A, Akev N, Baktir G, Sütlüpinar N.(PubMed)(7) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(8) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(9) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Effect of Aloe vera topical gel combined with tretinoin in treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. by Hajheydari Z, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Soltani A.(PubMed)
(10) Innovations in natural ingredients and their use in skin care. by Fowler JF Jr, Woolery-Lloyd H, Waldorf H, Saini R.(PubMed)
(11) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(12) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

(13) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(14) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(15) Effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing in rats, by Eamlamnam K, Patumraj S, Visedopas N, Thong-Ngam D.(PubMed)
(16) Anti-inflammatory effects of Aloe vera on leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the gastric microcirculation of Helicobacter pylori-infected rats by Prabjone R, Thong-Ngam D, Wisedopas N, Chatsuwan T, Patumraj S.(PubMed)
(17) The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by Yusuf S, Agunu A, Diana M.(PubMed)
(18) Polymer fraction of Aloe vera exhibits a protective activity on ethanol-induced gastric lesions.
Park CH, Nam DY, Son HU, Lee SR, Lee HJ, Heo JC, Cha TY, Baek JH, Lee SH.(PubMed)

(19) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(20) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(21) Potential prevention: Aloe vera mouthwash may reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. by Ahmadi A.(PubMed)
(22) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(23) Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. by Guo J, Xiao B, Zhang S, Liu D, Liao Y, Sun Q.(PubMed)
(24) Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. by Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH.(PubMed)
(25) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(26) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

(23) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(28) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(29) Effect of Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation on Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model (PubMed)
(30) Effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice (PubMed)
(31) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(32) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

(33) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(34) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(35) Aloe vera: It's effect on gingivitis by Ajmera N, Chatterjee A, Goyal V.(PubMed)
(36) A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse by Chandrahas B, Jayakumar A, Naveen A, Butchibabu K, Reddy PK, Muralikrishna T.(PubMed)
(37) Effect of a dentifrice containing Aloe vera on plaque and gingivitis control. A double-blind clinical study in humans by de Oliveira SM, Torres TC, Pereira SL, Mota OM, Carlos MX.(PubMed)(38) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(39) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(40) Evaluation of the antipsoriatic activity of Aloe vera leaf extract using a mouse tail model of psoriasis.
Dhanabal SP, Priyanka Dwarampudi L, Muruganantham N, Vadivelan R.(PubMed)
(41)A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing topical aloe vera with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis by Choonhakarn C, Busaracome P, Sripanidkulchai B, Sarakarn P.(PubMed)
(42) Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review by Feily A, Namazi MR.(PubMed)
(43) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)

(44) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

(45) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(46) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(47) Benefit of Aloe vera and Matricaria recutita mixture in rat irritable bowel syndrome: Combination of antioxidant and spasmolytic effects by Asadi-Shahmirzadi A, Mozaffari S, Sanei Y, Baeeri M, Hajiaghaee R, Monsef-Esfahani HR, Abdollahi M.(PubMed)
(48) Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aloe vera for irritable bowel syndrome.
Davis K, Philpott S, Kumar D, Mendall M.(PubMed)
(49) A Randomised, Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled Study of Aloe vera in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects on Patient Quality of Life by Hutchings HA, Wareham K, Baxter JN, Atherton P, Kingham JG, Duane P, Thomas L, Thomas M, Ch'ng CL, Williams JG.(PubMed)(7) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(50) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)
(52) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(53) ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(54) Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness by Vogler BK, Ernst E. (PubMed)
(55) Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review. by Feily A, Namazi MR (PubMed).
(56) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)

Intake of Roasted Bean Coffee Beverage Daily(2) to Discover Additionally 12 of (12-22) /77 Impressive Health Benefits Thar You Might Not Know

Coffee, emerging as a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Recent studies suggested that coffee may process various health benefits through its antioxidants and caffeine activities.
(For health benefits from 1-11, do to this link https://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/2018/03/intake-of-roasted-bean-coffee-beverage.html)

12. Ulcerative Colitis
Epidemiological studies do not agreed that intake of coffee and coffee caffeine regularly may have a profound effect in attenuated risk of ulcerative colitis.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the digestive tract.

In the reviewed study of a total of 442 patients 73% regularly consume coffee. 96% of patients attributing a positive and 91% of patients attributing no impact of coffee intake on IBD regularly drink coffee and surprisingly even 49% of those patients that assign a negative impact on disease symptoms, researchers at the University Hospital Zurich found that most patient with IBD showed a coffee drinking habit and addressed that coffee has helped modifying symptoms of the disease.

Other in the total of 81 UC patients recruited at all stages of the disease process, after completion of a 7 d diet diary, Caffeine and decaffeinated coffee showed a clinical significance in reduced risk of UC and may be considered a functional food included in potentially therapeutic diet.

Dr. Magee EA, the lead author said, " ......decaffeinated coffee was associated with a better clinical state than the caffeine containing version".

Contrastively, the investigation of a population-based, case-control study of the risk of ulcerative colitis associated with coffee and alcohol use among the 304,000 members of a prepaid health plan, coffee expressed no association with either amount of coffee consumed daily, or cumulative coffee consumption before disease onset and altered the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.

13. Melanoma, Particular in People with Altered GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene

Intake of coffee regularly may have positive effect in reduced risk of Melanoma, particular in healthy people with alternated genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 expression, a renowned institute study suggested.

Melanoma is a type of malignant skin cancer caused by DNA damage, most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds inducing irregular growth of skin cells.

Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, in compared to low coffee intake, high frequency of coffee drinking (>once daily) with ≤7 times weekly , showed a significant lower risk of melanoma.

Interestingly, in the group people with GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms(altered gene expression) subjects, coffees showed an extreme high protective effect against forming of Melanoma.

Also in the searching of PubMed and EMBASE databases from the earliest available online indexing year to March 2017 for a dose-response meta-analysis on prospective cohort studies, researchers at the Jagiellonian University Medical College, insisted that linear dose dependent are associated to the development of melanoma risk and total coffee consumption.

Risk of melanoma is reduced by 3% for every cup of coffee intake per day.

Dr. Micek A, the lead author in the joint study said, "(According to) a total of seven studies eligible for meta-analysis were identified that comprised 1,418,779 participants and 9211 melanoma cases,......coffee intake may be inversely associated with incidence of melanoma".

Further in the demonstration of 2 case-control studies (846 MM patients and 843 controls) and five cohort studies (including 844,246 participants and 5,737 MM cases), in compared the lower and higher caffeine intake daily, caffeinated coffee showed a the pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.81.

Risk of additional cup of coffee caffeine consumption, relative odd ratio of risk of melanoma deceased by 0.955
Importantly, the study found no correlated and linear dose dependent of decaffeinate coffee and risk melanoma regardless to volume of daily intake in teasing subjects.

!4. Breast Cancer Selectively

Recent studies suggested that coffee and coffee caffeine may have a potentially effect in reduced risk and treatment of breast cancer, selectively.

Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the review of literature from database of PubMed with selection of 37 published articles, involving 59,018 breast cancer cases and 966,263 participants, suggested that
1. There are no significant association of coffee and coffee caffeine intake and breast cancer risk
2. Post menopause women drinking coffee daily and regularly have a reduced risk of breast cancer developing.
3. Women who are BRCA1 mutation carriers showed a positive risk of breast cancer from coffee intake

The study also indicated that for additional cup of coffee consumed risk of breast caner decrease by 2% and 1% for every 200mg/day increment in caffeine intake.

Contrastively, in a case-control analysis on 1,690 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation from 40 centers in 4 countries.to determine coffee and coffee caffeine intake against the risk of breast cancer, returned self-administered questionnaire. showed a significant correlation of coffee intake in the elevated breast caner risk.

Women with breast cancer in BRCA carriers who habitually drank 0, 1-3, 4-5 and 6 or more cups of coffee showed a relative risk odd ratio of 1.00, 0.90, 0.75 and 0.31, respectively.

The finding evidences of relative odd ratio of suggested that risk of breast cancer was reduced in this group of women linearly to numbers of coffee and coffee caffeine consumed daily.

Dr, Jiang W, lead author said, " (According to the findings) women with BRCA gene mutation, coffee consumption is unlikely to be harmful and that high levels of consumption may in fact be related to reduced breast cancer risk"

Interesting, in the investigated the common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism of caffeine to examine the risk of breast caner in BRCA1 mutation carriers of 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls) researchers at the University of Toronto found that risk of breast cancer decrease significantly by 64% in BRCA1 mutation carriers with at least one C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene but not in CYP1A2 AA group in compared to women who never consumed coffee.

15. Depression

Epidemiological studies do not agreed that coffee and coffee caffeine have a positive effect in reduced depression, a review literature study suggested.

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Depression is a normally neuro response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness.
Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amounts are increasing in an alarming rate.

According to the University of Naples Federico II, over 2 decades, many studies addressed the concerns of coffee intake may have a implication of incidence of depression, but several phytochemical studies indicated a different outcome as caffeine and certain major phyto constituents exhibited antidepressant effects through multiple molecular mechanisms.

Dr. Tenore GC, the lead researcher said, "coffee can be considered a drink which has different positive effects on human health such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, etc. However, heavy coffee consumption may be related to some unpleasant symptoms, mainly anxiety, headache, increased blood pressure, nausea, and restlessness".

Contrastively, caffeine in coffee showed a strongly inverse association in cases of postpartum depression and comorbid panic disorder.

Other researchers in the searching of the efficacy of coffee and risk of depression through data base from PubMed and PsychINFO insisted that although literature data are conflicting, caffeine found in coffee indicated a significant reduced effect on symptoms of clinical depression.
Additionally, in a cross-sectional study in 10,177 Korean individuals aged 20-97 years with prevalence of self-reported depression of 14.0% and that of self-reported clinical depression of 3.7%. participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. to determine the effect of consumption of coffee and risk of depression, after adjusting to other factors, returned survey from patients, can be cataloged into the followings

For general depression
1. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking less than one cup/week was 0.84
2. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking one to six cups/week was 0.63
3. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for one cup/day was 0.69
4. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for two cups/day was 0.54
5. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for three or more cups/day was .58

For clinical depression, similar observations also have been recorded
1. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking less than one cup/week was 1.00
2. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking one to six cups/week was 0.51
3. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for one cup/day was 0.57
4. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for two cups/day was 0.57
5. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for three or more cups/day was 0.41

The findings although is not linearly, coffee and coffee caffeine intake expressed a protective effect in ameliorated risk of depression.

16. Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity.

Good news for coffee lovers, bioactive components found in coffee may have a potential effect in reduced risk and management of obesity, a renowned institute study opinionated.

According to the joint study lead by the National Taiwan University, the efficacy of coffee in reduced risk and management of obesity over last 10 years of research, may be attributed to
1. decrease lipid accumulation in cells via the regulation of the cell cycle in fat tissue
2. improved fat metabolic formation in both protein and transcription factors expression

According to animal studies.

In human, it is the result from decreased body weight and visceral fat stored within the abdominal cavity.

Further more, the study also expressed the important of coffee intake in influence the gut microbiota in obese animals and humans.

Additionally, in the evaluation of possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice fed with only HFD or HFD with GCBE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, researchers filed the following results
1. GCBE treated group showed a significantly decreased body weight gain, liver and white adipose tissue weights, but importantly intake of coffee also regulated adipose tissue lipolysis hormones in breaking down fat accumulation.
2. The efficacy of treatment group in reduced obesity risk may also benefit to the decreased mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism in both gene and protein expression.
3. In compared to other treated group, GCBE treated mice displayed a lower fat mass and relative body weight and decreased fat mass.

More importantly, in the review of papers from in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro experimental studies in animals and human tissues as well as wide population-based epidemiological studies in the last 10 years, researchers at the joint study lead by the South University School of Pharmacy said, " there are mounting evidences of the reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes by regular coffee drinkers of 3-4 cups a day. The effects are likely due to the presence of chlorogenic acids and caffeine, the two constituents of coffee in higher concentration after the roasting process".

17. Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome is a group of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, including high blood pressure, abnormal high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels,.....

A joint study by respectable institutes suggested that intake of coffee and coffee caffeine daily and regularly may associate to attenuated risk of metabolic syndrome.

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the searching of database from f PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant articles published between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2015, including 11 published reports and 13 studies with a total of 159,805 participants were eligible for our meta-analysis, the relative odd risk ratio of metabolic syndrome between the highest vs lowest category of coffee consumption was 0.872

The review also observed a non linear relationship between coffee and coffee caffeine consumption in ameliorated risk of metabolic syndrome, by dose-response analysis.

Additionally, in a cross-sectional population-based survey of 8,821 adults (51.4% female) conducted in Krakow, Poland. to evaluate the coffee and tea consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome, using food frequency questionnaires, observation of the questionnaire returned from participants expressed an interesting association between high coffee consumption of 3 cups and the clusters of lower BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day.

The study apparently indicated that people drinking 3 cups of coffee daily and regularly have a favorably ameliorated risk of metabolic syndrome even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
More importantly, the study also pointed out that high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist circumference, hypertension, and triglycerides in women but not in men.

Furthermore, in animal evaluation of the effect of coffee drinking on clinical markers of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Zucker rats including Diabetic Zucker rats with metabolic syndrome and control Zucker rats, researchers at the Fluminense Federal Institute postulated that after animals received daily doses of coffee drink by gavage for 30 days, coffee consumption expressed a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in reduced serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides in compared to non treatment group.
Dr. Abrahão SA, the lead researchers said, "The results demonstrate that treatment with roasted coffee drink, because of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect, is efficient in the protection of animals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type 2".

18. Gallstone and Gallstone Diseases

Epidemiological studies, linking coffee consumption in reduced risk of gallstone, but not gallstone disease have been contradictory.

Gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components as a result of building up of undissolved cholesterol over a prolonged period of time.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the review of 174 cases of gallstones determined by ultrasonography, 104 cases of postcholecystectomy, and 6889 controls of normal gallbladder in the total of 7637 men received a health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) with 174 cases of prevalent gallstones, 50 had been aware of having gallstones, researchers found that coffee and coffee caffeine drinkers express a high risk of gallstone incidence in compared to non drinkers.

In these group of middle-aged Japanese men, the relative odds ratios of gallstone disease 1.7 for coffee consumption of five cups or more per day vs. no consumption and 2.2 for caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more vs. less than 100 mg/day.

Obviously, these findings contradicted to other studies in support of risk of gallstone reduced by coffee and caffeine intake, including the study conducted by Harvard School of Public Health.

Other, in the review literature of database from PubMed and EMBASE of all published studies before June 2015 researchers at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University files the following results
1. Coffee intake regularly and daily had a significantly reduced risk of gallstone disease, in related females, but not in males. based on prospective studies.2. For patients drinking one cup of coffee per day, the risk of of gallstone disease was 0.95
3. For patients drinking 2, 4 and 6 cups of coffee per day, the estimated RRs of gallstone disease reduced to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99), 0.81 and .75 respectively.
4, Coffee intake showed a linear association to ameliorated risk of gallstone diseases.

Interestingly, in a cohort of 80,898 women age 34-59 years in 1980 who had no history of gallstone disease, during 20 years of follow-up, researchers filed the below results
1. Compared to non caffeine coffee drinkers women, the multivariate relative risks of gallstone disease with cholecystectomy in compared to consistent intake of caffeinated coffee (0, 1, 2-3, and > or =4 cups/day) were 1.0, 0.91, 0.78, and 0.72 respectively.
2. Coffee caffeine intake was inversely associated to risk of cholecystectomy.
3. Caffeine intake (< or =25, 26-100, 101-200, 201-400, 401-800, and >800 mg/day) is linearly associated to reduced risk of gallstone disease with multivariate relative ratio of 1.0, 1.03, 1.01, 0.94, 0.85, and 0.85 4. Decaffienated coffee was not associated with risk.

19. Menopause Symptoms

Menopause is a natural and biological progression of women at certain age. The reduced hormone levels of inaction of ovaries induced menstruation stop and a set of symptoms

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

A study conducted by a renowned institute suggested that coffee nd coffee caffeine may have potential effect in reduced severity of some menopause symptoms and elevation of others.

In a cross-sectional survey conducted using the Menopause Health Questionnaire, completed by 2,507 consecutive women with menopausal concerns at the Women's Health Clinic at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between July 25, 2005 and July 25, 2011, caffeine intake in participants showed a greater positive effect in expression of vasomotor symptom of menopause women in compared to non drinkers group.
Other, in a cross-sectional study of a community-based sample of 243 women with vasomotor symptoms to evaluate the menopause symptoms of hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in symptomatic middle-aged women, intake of coffee showed to elevate symptom of hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in compared to non drinkers.

And caffeine intake also is found as one of predictor in exhibited both hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in the same study group.
But in animal model, according to the behavioral tests and oxidative stress parameters in ovariectomized mice, caffeine intake also showed a significant in reduced symptoms of anxiety induced by oxidative stress.

Administration of low doses of caffeine, for a short period of time, may be a new therapeutic approach to modulate the oxidative stress and anxiety in menopause, the "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy postulated.

There is no doubt that the study addresses a significantly inverse association in reduced risk of gallstone disease among coffee drinkers linearly.

20. Esophageal Cancer

Intake of coffee regularly may have a profound effect in reduced risk of cancers, a recent study proposed.

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by irregular cell growth in any tissue and organ in the body.

Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the joint study lead by the Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, consumption of healthy foods, particularly coffee with rich in polyphenols might have a substantial influence in reduced prevalence of cancer incidence.

Coffee extract with high chlorogenic acids (CGAs) exhibited the beneficial biological effects in ameliorated risk of cancer through anti-inflammatory activity and anti-carcinogenic activity.

In Ras-dependent breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, CGAs also displayed a molecular basis of the activity and chemoprotective in induction of cell apoptosis.
Furthermore, in the review of literature in expression of the association between total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk in a dose-response meta-analysis on prospective cohort studies through searching the data base of PubMed and Embase, researchers indicated, seven studies eligible for meta-analysis, comprised 1,418,779 participants and 9211 melanoma cases. caffeine attenuated melanoma risk with a linear dose-response association between total coffee consumption.

Prevalence risk of melanoma reduced by 3% for additional cup of coffee intake per day.Dr. Micek A, the lead author said, "coffee intake may be inversely associated with incidence of melanoma".

In further demonstrated coffee and coffee caffeine in ameliorated risk of cancer, the Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for coffee consumption associated with death from all cancers combined and from specific cancer types among 922,896 Cancer with 1982 as a base line, researchers at joint study lead by the American Cancer Society found that only smokers showed a a non-linear association between coffee consumption and all-cancer death but not in never smokers.

Among non-smokers,drinking 2 cup/day or more showed a significantly inverse associated with death from colorectal, head and neck and female breast cancers, but positively associated with esophageal cancer death.

21. Stroke, Particularly in Women

A stroke is medical condition characterized by interrupted blood supply, thus reducing oxygen and nutrients delivery to the brain, resulting in death of brain cells.

Intake of coffee and coffee caffeine may have a profound effect in reduced risk of stroke incidence, a renowned institute study suggested.

In a third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994; NHANES III) data to examine coffee consumption and stroke with participants aged ≥17 years old, researchers found that
coffee intake of this population showed a significantly inverse association to stroke risk incidence, regardless to smoke status.

Interestingly, the study also discovered that frequent coffee drinkers displayed a less occurrence of heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension but risk of high cholesterol for those consuming ≥3 cups per day.
Dr. Liebeskind DS, the lead author said, "Heavier daily coffee consumption is associated with decreased stroke prevalence" and ". Multivariate analyses revealed an independent effect of heavier coffee consumption (≥3 cups/day) on reduced stroke".

Further more, in an analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 83,076 women in the Nurses' Health Study without history of stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, or cancer at baseline, with coffee consumption assessed first in 1980, then repeatedly every 2 to 4 years, and follow-up through 2004, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health filed the following results

1. The relative risk ratio of stroke in participants coffee consumption (<1 cup per month, 1 per month to 4 per week, 5 to 7 per week, 2 to 3 per day, and >or=4 per day) were 1, 0.98, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.80 repetitively.
2. Intake of coffee and coffee caffeine daily and regularly showed a significantly positive effect in reduced stroke risk after taking in to count of other favors, including high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes.
3. Risk of stroke also associated stronger correlation among never and past smokers (RR for >or=4 cups a day versus <1 cup a month, 0.57) than among current smokers (RR for >or=4 cups a day versus <1 cup a month, 0.97).
4. Decaffeinated coffee intake also was associated to a trend in lower risk of stroke after adjustment for caffeinated coffee consumption.

5. Caffeine consumption of other beverage do not associate to risk or reduced risk of stroke.
The findings suggested that long-term coffee consumption was not associated to risk of stroke but modestly reduce risk of stroke.
Promisingly, a Asian study of data obtained from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study, involved 146,830 individuals aged 40-69 years demonstrated that high coffee consumption was associated with a 38% lower odds ratio for stroke in women in compared to (none drinkers vs. ≥ 3 cups/day drinkers in women but not in men.

The expression of coffee intake in reduced risk of stroke also found greater in women who are healthy, younger, non-obese, non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non-smokers, and non-alcohol drinkers.

22. Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Recent study suggested that coffee and caffeine consumption may be associated to reduced risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a medical condition of inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of the bile ducts.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particular in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the study of 606 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 480 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 564 healthy volunteers acted as controls, researchers filed the following results

1. 24% of patients with PSC had never drunk coffee in compared to 16% of controls.
2. Patients with PSC also consumed fewer lifetime cups per month and spent a smaller percentage of their lifetime drinking coffee in compared to healthy adults.
Base on these information, Dr.Lammert C, the lead author opinionated, coffee consumption is lower among patients with PSC, in compared with controls.

Additionally, In patients with PSC, recruited from Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet in Norway through 2011, randomly chosen from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (control subjects) of 240 patients with PSC and 245 control subjects also indicated a similar conclusion as follow
1. In compared to control, PSC patients showed a lower daily drinking coffee habit as the time of study and at the age of 18 years observed in men.
2. Ever daily coffee drinker at the age of 18 years were independently and negatively associated with PSC.

These result showed that coffee intake may have a profound effect in protection against development of PSC.

Taking altogether, coffee and coffee caffeine may be considered as a function beverage for improvement of numbers of health benefit far more than those mentioned through its antioxidant properties and caffeine contents. Finally, if you are coffee lovers, as always, we recommended that you do not add sugar and high-fat dairy creams in your drinks.

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Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
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