The Truth of Green Tea and Cigarette Smoking Exposure in Lung Injure, Damage and Cells Apoptosis

Kyle J. Norton 

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and progression and treatment of lung damage caused by cigarette smoking, some scientists suggested.

The results of these research were conducted by several respectably institutions such as J American University of Madaba and Policlinico Universitario and published on the online medical literature.

According to the statistic, Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death,  accounting for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or about 1 in 5 deaths in the US alone.

Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

In the study to investigate outcome of cigarette smoking induced oxidative stress in alternated the cellular antioxidant defense system in facilitated apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in rat model random assigned to into four groups, sham air (SA), cigarette smoke (CS), CGT 2% plus SA or plus CS, through an experiment carried out as a single daily dose (1 cigarette/rat) for a period of 90 days, using an electronically controlled smoking machine, researchers found that

* Long term exposure to cigarette smoking catalyzed the balance of ratio of free radicals and antioxidant defense in the tested body, leading to over expression ROS in precipitated cytotoxicity to lung tissue through induced production of proinflammatory cytokines.

* Lung injure and damage due to smoking were observed through the 24 hr collection after last CS exposure for histology and all enzyme assays.

* Lung cells apoptosis were evidenced by the fragmentation of DNA in TUNEL assay.

Application of green tea CGT demonstrated a significant recovery of all pathophysiological and biochemical events expressed from above, particularly, in treatment group given CGT infusion as a drink instead of water.

After taking into account of other con and co founders Dr. Al-Awaida W, the lead researcher said, " Exposure of albino rat model to cigarette smoke caused oxidative stress, altered the cellular antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and tissues damage, which could be prevented by supplementation of CGT".

Moreover, oral administration of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
in tested Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into four groups, sham air (SA), 4% CS, 2% Lung Chen teaplus SA or 4% CS with SA or 4% CS carried out for 1h/day for 56 days in ventilated smoking chambers, exerted 

* A significant effect in reduced airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia caused by 56-day CS exposure alone

* A strong effect in restore the balance of antioxidants produced by EGCG and the host natural defense and reactive oxygen species, through suppressing levels of oxidative stress caused by CS.

Additionally, according to the Policlinico Universitario in the study to evalaute the green tea extract in risk of pleurisy, a lung disease caused inflammation of the tissue layers (pleura) lining the lungs and inner chest wall induced by carrageenan, application of green tea extract reduced fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity containing many neutrophils (PMNs), in indication of inflammation.

These results were attributed to green tea property in reduced immune response in initiated and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as nitrite/nitrate, tumour necrosis factor alpha and ICAM-1 in activated NF-κB in cellular response to stimuli  and increased the expression of adhesion molecules as well as over expression of and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) and nitrotyrosine formation, an indication of lung cell apoptosis.

D. Chan KH, the lead author at  the final phase of analysis, suggested that green tea extract exerts a protective effect and offers a novel therapeutic approach for the management of lung injury.

the information findings suggested that green tea, its extract and bioactive polyphenols EGCG may be considered as function foods in protection of lung tissue injure, damage and cell death due to long term exposure to cigarette smoking.

Reprint of this article is welcome with author name and link to the article sources intact https://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA For Women 

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chinese green tea consumption reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and tissues damage in smoke exposed rats by Al-Awaida W1, Akash M2, Aburubaiha Z1, Talib WH3, Shehadeh H4(PubMed)
(2) Green tea polyphenol extract attenuates lung injury in experimental model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice by Di Paola R1, Mazzon E, Muià C, Genovese T, Menegazzi M, Zaffini R, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S.(PubMed)
(3) Chinese green tea ameliorates lung injury in cigarette smoke-exposed rats by Chan KH1, Ho SP, Yeung SC, So WH, Cho CH, Koo MW, Lam WK, Ip MS, Man RY, Mak JC.(PubMed)

Eat Dried Peas, to Normalize Syndromes of 3 Triple H (Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia)

By Kyle J. Norton

Hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are most prevalent modifiable risk factors for development of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Intake of dried pea and bean fibers daily and regularly may reduce risk and treatment of hypertension, Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia, some scientists suggested.

Dried pea is a small but nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, genus Pisum belongings to the family Fabaceae with healthy source of proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals.

The Nutrients and Chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A ( Beta carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin)
6. B vitamins
7. Vitamin C
8. Calcium
9. Iron
10. Magnesium
11. Phosphorus
12. Potassium
13. Zinc

14. Chemical constituents include saponin pisatin, L-pipecolic acid, glycoside-Pisatoside, tocopherols, cerebroside, etc.

1. The Effects of Dried Peas and Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by abnormal high blood pressure.

According to the Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, daily intake of fiber has emerged not only to prevent and treat various types of chronic diseases.but also reduced risk of hypertension.

Dr. Anderson JW, the led author said, "Dried beans, oat products, and certain fruits and vegetables are good sources of soluble fiber" and "Current guidelines advise a doubling of dietary fiber intake for Americans. Inclusion of ample servings of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and dried beans and peas will help individuals meet these guidelines".

Additionally, in the examined iineralocorticoid excess-treated mice with a control diet, high-fiber diet, or acetate supplementation researcher found that high fiber diet not only modified the gut microbiota populations and also increased the abundance of acetate-producing bacteria independently of mineralocorticoid excess and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Dr. Marques FZ, the led researcher said, "The favorable effects of fiber may be explained by the generation and distribution of one of the main metabolites of the gut microbiota, the short-chain fatty acid acetate. Acetate effected several molecular changes associated with improved cardiovascular health and function".

These result demonstrated a significant effect of fibers intake in promoted health gut microbiota in regulating molecular changes associated with improved risk factor related to cardiovascular health and function, including blood pressure.

Other, in the examined cross-sectional studies of dietary intake as one of the major determinants in hypertension development and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension and the risk of incident hypertension in a large cohort study including incidence of hypertension among 80 426 French adults, researchers at the joint study led by the Paris-Descartes University found that
1. During a mean follow-up of 3.4±2.1 years, 2413 cases of incident hypertension were documented
2. Fiber intake displayed a strong effect in reduced risk of hypertension with relative odd risk of 0.81 in compared to the baseline.
3. Adopting a global healthy diet associated to several nutritional factors intake may be one of the best solution in reduced hypertensive incidence.

2. The Effects of Dried Peas on Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood stream.

In a study of 173 women and men, with a mean body mass index of approximately 36 kg m(-2) (one-fifth with diabetes type 2) randomizedly assigned to a high-fibre bean-rich diet that achieved mean (SD) fibre intakes of 35.5 (18.6) g day for women and 42.5 (30.3) g day for men, or a low-carbohydrate diet, researchers found that
1. High bean fiber intake showed a better weight loss and weight control in compared to low carbohydrate diet group.
2. Intake of bean fiber group expressed a significant decreased of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in compared to other group.

Dr. Tonstad S, the led author said, "A high-fibre bean-rich diet was as effective as a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss, although only the bean-rich diet lowered atherogenic lipids".

Additionally, in dyslipidemia rats study to evaluate the effects of grain-bean package, dietary fiber (DF) extracted from grain-bean package, and DF from grain corn on the blood lipids and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in high-fat, high-cholesterol feeding by randomly assigned into normal control group, hyperlipidemia model group, grain-bean package group, grain-bean package DF group and grain corn group, researchers after adjusting to other risk factors filed the following results
1. Rats in hyperlipidemic model group showed a increased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG) in compared to groups
2. In compared to hyperlipidemic model group, grain-bean package group, grain-bean package DF group, expressed significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose and significantly increased HDL-C levels.

The results of these findings demonstrated that dietary fiber can improve blood lipids levels indyslipidemic subject, decrease FAS activity and regulating SREBP-1c mRNA in glucose metabolic expression.

3. The Effects of Dried Peas on Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal high levels of glucose circulated in the blood stream.

Dried peas, a good sources of protein and fiber, is one of many rich-protein recommended for vegetarian.

 Together with a low glycemic index, the peas may be considered as a high-fiber foods for daily carbohydrate intake in prediabetes. 

Evidences of studies showed that a low-glycemic load meal containing psyllium soluble fiber is significantly improves the breakfast postprandial glycemic, insulinemic in adults with Type 2 DM.

 In the study to compare the glycemic and insulinemic responses to 3 different meals based on dried peas, potatoes, or both in patients with type 2 diabetes, intake of the pea meal expressed a significant in tine delay of the increased postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, in compared to other meal. 

Since carbohydrates counting in dried peas have been disregarded, the nutrient dried peas should be included in the consumption of low-glycemic, high-fiber foods at the expense of high-glycemic, low-fiber foods for prediabetes.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources

(1) Health benefits and practical aspects of high-fiber diets by Anderson JW1, Smith BM, Gustafson NJ.(PubMed)
(2) High-Fiber Diet and Acetate Supplementation Change the Gut Microbiota and Prevent the Development of Hypertension and Heart Failure in Hypertensive Mice by Marques FZ1, Nelson E2, Chu PY2, Horlock D2, Fiedler A2, Ziemann M2, Tan JK2, Kuruppu S2, Rajapakse NW2, El-Osta A2, Mackay CR2, Kaye DM1(PubMed)
(3) Individual and Combined Effects of Dietary Factors on Risk of Incident Hypertension: Prospective Analysis From the NutriNet-Santé Cohort by Lelong H1, Blacher J2, Baudry J1, Adriouch S1, Galan P1, Fezeu L1, Hercberg S1, Kesse-Guyot E1.(PubMed)

(4) A high-fibre bean-rich diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity by Tonstad S1, Malik N, Haddad E.(PubMed)
(5) [Effect of grain-bean package, grain-bean package dietary fiber and single whole grain dietary fiber on dyslipidemia rats].[Article in Chinese] by Liu Y, Zhai C, Sun G, Zhang H, Jiang M, Zhang H, Guo J, Lan X.(PubMed)
(6) Evaluation of a high-fiber diet in hyperlipidemia: a review by Ullrich IH.(PubMed)

(7) Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus by Clark CA, Gardiner J, McBurney MI, Anderson S, Weatherspoon LJ, Henry DN, Hord NG.(PubMed)
(8) Comparison of the effects of dried peas with those of potatoes in mixed meals on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes by Schäfer G, Schenk U, Ritzel U, Ramadori G, Leonhardt U.(PubMed)

"Breast Cancer Suppressing Foods", Scientists Suggested

Kyle J. Norton

The prevalence of breast cancer has been acknowledged in the scientific community worldwide.

Breast cancer widespread in women in Southeast Asian as a result of over 2 decades of economic prosperity caused by unhealthy diet is a major concern.

The findings for effective treatments are ongoing with some successes, but to discover an effective prevention and treatment with little or no side effects has proven difficultly.

According to statistic, the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

Suggestions of healthy diet with plenty vegetables and fruits(1)(2)(3) with change of life style(4)(5)(6) may be the only choice for women in reducing risk of the diseases.

1. Black Rice
Black Rice is a type of rice with enriched Anthocyanins. including Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice, considered as one of nature super foods with vary antioxidants.

Anthocyanins in black rice, oral administration of AEBR (100 mg/kg/day) to BALB/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-453 cell xenografts significantly suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of the physiological process factors MMP-9MMP-2(enzymes involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix), and uPA(activator) in tumor tissue.

AEBR also induced human breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis(37)(38).

Other chemical constituents of species of black glumed’ Njavara (Oryza sativa L.) isolation, namely, flavonolignans, tricin 4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 1) and tricin 4'-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 2), also inhibited  breast cancer cell line MCF-7, by inducing apoptosis at concentration 40 and 30 μg/ and chromatin condensation by decreasing protein in the mitochondrial membrane(39).

2. Green tea
Green tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.

Regular green tea intake is associated with an inverse risk of breast cancer, as green tea enhanced the production of Ki-67, a cancer antigen in compared to non drinkers.(63).

(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, a phytochemical in green tea exert its epigenetic effects in altering the DNA methyltransferase expression in many types of cancer, including breast cancer(64).

 Catechins, another phytochemical of green tea, inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells and blocked carcinogenesis in breast cancer probably through the expression of translocation across membranes or for degradation, ribonucleoprotein DNA reduplication, apoptotic cascade, etc.(65).

In inflammatory breast cancer, a most aggressive type of breast cancer, green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), decreased expression of genes in promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival in human breast cancer cell lines, SUM-149 and SUM-190 by reduced lymphangiogenesis-promoting genes(66) and inhibited the cell proliferation at 72 hours, after 10 microM of EGCG treatment.

These suggested green tea induced a reactivation of apoptosis, probably through the complexity of the angiogenic switch which can lead to the modulation of the cell migration processes against triple negative breast cancercells(67).

In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, selenium containing polysaccharides (Se-GTPs) from a new variety of selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea, in dose-dependent, exhibited an effective cell growth inhibition by inducing MCF-7 cancer cells to undergo G2/M(cell cycle) phase arrest and apoptosis by up-regulation of p53 (tumor antigen) expression(68).

Unfortunately, epidemiological data, on incidence of breast cancer and recurrence of breast cancer, consumption of 5 or more cups of green tea a day showed a non-statistically significant trend towards the prevention of breast cancer development. But some evidence indicated that green tea consumption may possibly help prevent breast cancer recurrence in early stage (I and II) cancers(69).

3. Red wine
Red wine, made from the pigments of grape varieties is a wine involved extraction of color, and flavour components from the grape skin.

Red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin reduced the proliferation of estrogens hormone-dependent breast cancer cells by binding to the gene expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, which interacts with responsive DNA sequences located within the promoter region of target genes(70).

Catechin hydrate (CH), an antioxidant in red wine, induced apoptosis against MCF-7 cells, with the rate of 40.7% and 41.16% in the volume of 150 μg/ml CH in 24 hours, respectively.

Moreover, a 48-hour exposure to 150 μg/ml CH and 300 μg/ml CH resulted in 43.73% and 52.95% apoptotic cells, through increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as caspase-3, -8, and -9 and TP53(71).

4. Black bean
Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongings to the family Fabaceae. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.

Water-soluble condensed tannins isolated from black beans inhibited breast cancer cell line MCF-7 at 24 microM by suppresseing a fetal bovine serum (blood fraction remaining after the natural coagulation of blood) stimulated cell migration and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 or gelatinase A), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 or gelatinase B)(involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix), and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF(165)(regulator of angiogenesis) receptors expression(72).

Phytochemical of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed coats, also enhanced potent antioxidant and anti proliferative activities against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in doses depending manner(73).

5. Fermented soybean
Fermented soybean made from ground soybeans, is an popular ingredient used in cuisines of East and Southeast Asia.

Chungkookjang, a Korean fermented soybean, containing high concentration of isoflavones and peptides inhibited the growth of breast cancer MCF7 cells in decreased dependent on the concentration by activating TGFβ pathway in cellular processes and depressing inflammation(74).

In murine breast adenocarcinoma, fermented soy product (FSP) are effective in tumor containment with smallest tumor volumes.(75).

6. Peanut
Peanuts, belonging to the the legume related to the bean family is first cultivated in the in the Chaco region of Paraguay and Bolivia.

Lectin ( (PNA), a chemical constituent of peanut was effective in inhibited proliferation of human breast cell lines (ZR-75.1 and 734-B)(76) and MCF-7, T 47D, HBL 100, BT 20(77).

 Beta-Sitosterol found in legumes, oil seeds and unrefined plant oils such as peanut butter, pistachios and sunflower,  exhibited the extrinsic apoptotic programmed cell death pathway in human breast MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231(78).

7. Faxseed
Flax seed also known as common flax or linseed is native to the region of the eastern Mediterranean to India.

Study of athymic mice fed with basal diet (control), or 10% FS diet, with or without TRAS (2.5mg/kg) for 5 wk, displayed a positive effects in reduced tumor size and increased tumor apoptosis.

Dietary FS improved the function of TRAS in increased overall survival(79).

In dietary flaxseedlignan or oil combined with tamoxifen reducied growth of estrogen receptor positive breast tumors (MCF-7) at low circulating estrogen levels by inhibiting cell proliferation, expression of genes, and proteins involved in the ER- and growth factor-mediated signaling pathways(80).

FO induced greatest effect in increasing apoptosis in compared with TAM treatment alone(80).

Lignans (a class of phytoestrogens) consumption was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk(81).

 In estrogen-receptor-positive (MCF-7) and estrogen-receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231) cells, Flaxseed sprouts induced apoptosis and inhibited cancer cell growth by significantly upregulated p53(Anti tumor antigen) mRNA (transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell) in both cell cancer lines(82).

Taken together,  certain vegetables(7)(8) and fruits(9)(10) or their chemical compounds may heave a potential and therapeutic effect in treatment of breast cancer, by blocking the cancer energy sources of the pathways, influencing the signal pathways of the cell proliferation or suppressing the promoted cancers genes.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
1) Intake of specific fruits and vegetables in relation to risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women by Fung TT, Chiuve SE, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Hu FB, Holmes MD.(PubMed)
(2) Fruits, vegetables and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies by Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, Norat T.(PubMed)
(3) Premenopausal breast cancer risk and intake of vegetables, fruits, and related nutrients.
Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Vena JE, Laughlin R, Brasure JR, Swanson MK, Nemoto T, Graham S.(PubMed)(4) Life style and risk of development of breast and ovarian cancer by Pięta B, Chmaj-Wierzchowska K, Opala T.(PubMed)
(5) Epidemiological evidence for a relationship between life events, coping style, and personality factors in the development of breast cancer by Butow PN, Hiller JE, Price MA, Thackway SV, Kricker A, Tennant CC.(PubMed)
(6) Epidemiological correlates of breast cancer in South India by Babu GR, Lakshmi SB, Thiyagarajan JA.(PubMed)
(7) Dietary organic isothiocyanates are cytotoxic in human breast cancerMCF-7 and mammary epithelial MCF-12A cell lines by Tseng E, Scott-Ramsay EA, Morris ME.(PubMed)
(8) Breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli, a source of isothiocyanates, but is not modified by GST genotype by
(9) Extracts of strawberry fruits induce intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor progression in mice.by Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Chiruvella KK, Musini A, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC.(PubMed)
(10) Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro.by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D.(PubMed)
(63) logical effects of green tea capsule supplementation in pre-surgery postmenopausal breast cancer patients by Yu SS, Spicer DV, Hawes D, Tseng CC, Yang CS, Pike MC, Wu AH(PubMed)
(64) Epigenetic effects of green tea polyphenols in cancer by Henning SM, Wang P, Carpenter CL, Heber D.(PubMed)
(65) Green Tea Catechins: Proposed Mechanisms of Action in Breast Cancer Focusing on The Interplay Between Survival and Apoptosis by Yiannakopoulou EC.(PubMed)
(66)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits stem-like inflammatory breast cancer cells by Mineva ND, Paulson KE, Naber SP, Yee AS, Sonenshein GE.(PubMed)
(67) Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) inhibits cell proliferation and migratory behaviour of triple negative breast cancer cells by Braicu C, Gherman CD, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I.(PubMed)
(68) Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of selenium-containing tea polysaccharides on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by He N, Shi X, Zhao Y, Tian L, Wang D, Yang X.(PubMed)
(69) The effects of green tea consumption on incidence of breast cancerand recurrence of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Seely D, Mills EJ, Wu P, Verma S, Guyatt GH.(PubMed)
(70) The red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin act as agonists for estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells by Maggiolini M, Recchia AG, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Vivacqua A, Carpino A, Rago V, Rossi R, Andò S.(PubMed)
(71) Catechin hydrate suppresses MCF-7 proliferation through TP53/Caspase-mediated apoptosis. by Alshatwi AA.(PubMed)
(72) Inhibition of Caco-2 colon, MCF-7 and Hs578T breast, and DU 145 prostatic cancer cell proliferation by water-soluble black bean condensed tannins by Bawadi HA, Bansode RR, Trappey A 2nd, Truax RE, Losso JN.(PubMed)
(73) Phytochemicals of black bean seed coats: isolation, structure elucidation, and their antiproliferative and antioxidative activities by Dong M, He X, Liu RH.(PubMed)
(74) Inflammation-related signaling pathways implicating TGFβ are revealed in the expression profiling of MCF7 cell treated with fermentedsoybean, chungkookjang by Hwang JS, Yoo HJ, Song HJ, Kim KK, Chun YJ, Matsui T, Kim HB.(PubMed)
(75) A soy-based product fermented by Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus helveticus inhibits the development of murine breastadenocarcinoma by Kinouchi FL, Maia DC, de Abreu Ribeiro LC, Placeres MC, de Valdez GF, Colombo LL, Rossi EA, Carlos IZ.(PubMed)
(76) Peanut agglutinin inhibits proliferation of cultured breast cancer cells by Marth C, Daxenbichler G.(PubMed)
(77) The influence of dietary lectins on the cell proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro by Valentiner U, Fabian S, Schumacher U, Leathem AJ.(PubMed)
(78) beta-Sitosterol activates Fas signaling in human breast cancer cells by Awad AB, Chinnam M, Fink CS, Bradford PG.(PubMed)
(79) Dietary flaxseed-trastuzumab interactive effects on the growth of HER2-overexpressing human breast tumors (BT-474) by Mason JK, Fu MH, Chen J, Yu Z, Thompson LU.(PubMed)
(80) Dietary flaxseed lignan or oil combined with tamoxifen treatment affects MCF-7 tumor growth through estrogen receptor- and growth factor-signaling pathways by Saggar JK, Chen J, Corey P, Thompson LU.(PubMed)
(81)Consumption of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, is associated with reduced breast cancer risk by Lowcock EC, Cotterchio M, Boucher BA.(PubMed)

Body Cleansing With A Holistically and Scientifically Prudent Diet

Detoxification is a natural process in removal of toxic substances of human body,  mainly carried out by the liver and kidney.

However, prolonged period exposed to toxins may lead to organs failure, causing a disruption of hormone production, damage to other organs and weakening immune system.

1. Spinach
Besides being rich in vitamin A, E, C , minerals such as iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc and calcium that are vital for a healthy heart.  it also contains antioxidants, lutein and beta carotene with function in strengthen immune defense against the forming of free radicals.

People with kidney disease should not eat spinach, due to highly oxalate, without drinking a lot of water or juice intake of spinach may increase the risk of forming kidney stones.

According to the study by the University of Tuscia, spinach exerted detoxifying effect in Chlorosis develops in Spinacia oleracea L. plants against exposed to Cd in the basal leaves through phytochelatin production and the nitrogen and sulfur metabolic pathways as dead leaves detach from the plant, they carry away the sequestered Cd(1). .

Furthermore, in model system Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects of chlorophyll in vivo, researchers found that application of chlorophyll isolated from spinach enhances the lifespan of C. elegans by up to 25% via activation of the DAF-16/FOXO-dependent pathway in regulated aging progression through detoxification and antioxidant activities(2).

2. Broccoli
Broccoli is high in vitamin C, an antioxidant with property in reduced inflammation and inhbited forming of free radicals caused by toxins in our body. 

Study shows that some of the chemicals such as indole 3, selenium and diindolymethane exerted anti cancer properties through preventing and repairing DNA damaging cells.

According to study by the Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., broccoli sprout extract (BSEx) expressed a significantly liver protective effect casued by various types of xenobiotic substances through induction of detoxification enzymes and glutathione synthesis.on liver gene expression and acute liver injury in the rat(3).

Additionally, 3-methylsuphinylpropyl and 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolates. ioslated from broccoli demonstrated strong activity in enhanced ability to induce phase 2 detoxification enzymes in mammalian cells(4).

3. Garlic
Garlic is a super natural food with proven record in preventing heart diseases, lower cholesterol level, elevate blood pressure as well as increasing the transportation of oxygen and simulate the production of insulin if needed.

Allicin, an antibody isolated from garlic reduced inflammation and fought off degeneration caused by virus, bacteria by strengthening our immune system.

 The sulfur element processed a rejuvenate property by increasing the function of liver in removing toxins.

According to the Kagoshima University, sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate derived from garlic induces phase II detoxificationenzymes in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells(5).

Moreover, in the rat model NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, researchers found that application of garlic oil (GO) inhibited the infectious cells through activated changes of hepatic phase Ⅰ detoxified enzymes (including cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP1A1) and phase Ⅱ detoxified enzymes (including glutathione S transferases (GSTs) and UDP- Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs))(6).

4. Green tea
Green tea processes highest antioxidants in compared to other foods with the same volume.

In the study of 70 rats randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 and satudied over 2 months. Group 1: Normal diet and tap water; Group 2: 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal lead acetate weekly over 8 weeks; Group 3: Lead acetate + 100 mg/kg green tea, Group 4: Extract green tea, researchers found that green tea treated group inhibited lead exposure observed by weight change and lowest sperm abnormalities in compared to lead group with no treatment(7).

In redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor (Nrf2) aspects, application of green tea EGCG, exhibited chemoprevention and cytoprotection in modulated Nrf2-mediated cellular events through its abilbity in regulated the expression of antioxidant proteins to protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation(8).

5. Tomato
alpha and beta carotene found abundantly in tomatoes strengthen immune system in fighting off inflammation from bacteria and virus in initiated chronic diseases. 

Lycopene, a powerful pigment phytochemical inhibited free radicals to facilitated cytotoxicity in induction of cell damage and apoptosis. 

According to the joint study lead by the Washington State University, lycopene isolated from tomato exerted its host protective effects in modulation of Nrf2, a master regulator of detoxification and also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective mechanisms(9),

Similar to garlic, lycopene also activated changes of hepatic phase Ⅰ detoxified enzymes and phase Ⅱ detoxified enzymes against PAH-induced toxicity.

Taken together, intake of above food daily and regularly may have profound and positive effect in promote optimal health through cleansing the body toxin. However, in take of supplement of above foods should be taken with exceptional care as acute liver toxicity were reported in some medical literature.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 

Sources

(1) Does the different proteomic profile found in apical and basal leaves of spinachreveal a strategy of this plant toward cadmium pollution response? by Fagioni M1, Zolla L.(PubMed)

(2) Chlorophyll enhances oxidative stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans and extends its lifespan by Wang E1, Wink M1(PubMed)

(3) Broccoli sprout extract induces detoxification-related gene expression and attenuates acute liver injury by Yoshida K1, Ushida Y1, Ishijima T1, Suganuma H1, Inakuma T1, Yajima N1, Abe K1,  Nakai Y1.(PubMed)

(4) Development of isothiocyanate-enriched broccoli, and its enhanced ability to induce phase 2 detoxification enzymes in mammalian cells by Mithen R1, Faulkner K, Magrath R, Rose P, Williamson G, Marquez J.(PubMed)

(5) Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate derived from garlic induces phase II detoxificationenzymes in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells by Chang HS1, Ko M, Ishizuka M, Fujita S, Yabuki A, Hossain MA, Yamato O.(PubMed)

(6) Garlic oil attenuated nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activation and detoxification enzymes by Zhang CL1, Zeng T, Zhao XL, Xie KQ.(PubMed)

(7) Survey of the detoxification effect of green tea extract on the reproductive system in rats exposed to lead acetate by Sha'bani N1, Miraj S2, Rafieian-Kohpayei M3, Namjoo AR4(PubMed)

(8) Modulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme induction by the green tea polyphenol EGCG by Na HK1, Surh YJ.(PubMed)

(9) Nrf2, a master regulator of detoxification and also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective mechanisms, is raised by health promoting factors byPall ML1, Levine S2.(PubMed)

How to Detoxify Your Liver, Holistically and Scientifically

Detoxification is a natural process in removal of toxic substances of human body, mainly carried out by the liver and kidney.

1. Milk thistle(Backed by studies)
Milk thistle, a flower plant of the daisy family have been traditionally claimed in treating chronic liver disease.

Silymarin, a major bioactive compound isolated from milk thistle exerted a significant liver protective effects through liver regeneration, healing liver damage rapidly and prevented accumulation of lipid in the liver via activation of detoxification system

2. Licorice(Backed by studies)
Licorice is a legume plant and and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia.
According to the study by the joint study lead by the Capital Medical University, licorice demnostrated liver protective effect by reducing the liver toxicity and accelerated healing of liver injury.

Glycyrrhizin, a major chemical constituents found in licorice procresses a strong activity against liver damage and injure through stimulation of fatty acid metabolism and influence detoxification of xenobiotics in liver, the Duksung Women's University suggested.

3. Tabebuia heptaphylla(Backed by studies)

Tabebuia heptaphylla is also known as pink trumpet tree used in traditional medicine for neutralized poisons in the liver and treatment of liver diseases.

Alkaloids, major chemical compound isolated from Tabebuia heptaphylla protected liver against injure and damage caused by abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and recovery processes of liver xenobiotic-metabolizing function through its member berberine.

4. St. John wort(Backed by studies)
St. John wort is also known as tipton weed or klamath weed.

According to the study by Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, St. John wort with abundant chemical compound hyperforin, procresses hetapoprotect effect through increased increase the activity of cytochrome P450 in the liver in accelerated elimination of toxin from the body.

The herb also activated nuclear pregnane X receptor with function in detoxified xenobiotic substances from the liver.

5. Fennel(Backed by studies)
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.  

Essential oils from fennel showed a marked hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by toxic substance through its antioxidants

Estragole (4-allyl-1-methoxybenzene) is a naturally occurring food flavoring agent found in basil, fennel exerted liver cleansing activity through glucuronidation of 1'-HE is a major detoxification pathway.


For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN


Arthritis Is Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Anise, A Potent Herb for Women Health in All Aspects( Milk Secretion, Promoted Menstruation, Facilitated Birth, Alleviated Symptoms of Climacteric, Increased Libido and More....)

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in promoted women health in all aspects, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the study of Anise estrogenic activity at doses levels of 50 mg, 70 mg and 80 mg/kg po. in rats, researchers found that application of Anise at all dose exerted a strong estrogenic effect without affecting the levels of progestational, anti-progestational, androgenic or anti-androgenic activities and inducing any side effects even at the doses of more than 3000 mg/kg with LD50, an indication of 50% percent of a population of animals killed usually within a certain time due to some application in dose dependent manner.

Also, in the investigation of Anise estrogenic effect, researchers found that application of Anise displayed estrogenic activity through increased milk secretion, promote menstruation, facilitate birth, alleviate the symptoms of the male climacteric, and increase libido.

Further analysis, also suggested that the implication of fennel estrogenic activity was associated to the major bioactive compound anethole found at high levels in the fennel essential oil.

However, even with lesser amount in fennel essential oil, polymers of anethole, the derivative of dianethole and photoanethole are considered as actual pharmacological values in testing for drug in treatment of extrogenic deficiency related diseases, including menstrual disorder, libido, menopause symptoms, male climacteric,.....

The above differentiation was supported by the evaluation of estrogenic activity of essential oils of eleven Pimpinella species and the compounds isolated from these species, conducted by the Anadolu University.

According to yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay in the study, Anise essential oils containing (E)-anethole as major compound showed estrogenic activity, in compared to insignificant expression in aerial parts without fruits of P. anisetum and P. flabellifolia.

At the presence of anethole-containing oils from 30-50%, Anise exerted the maximal response in expression estrogenic activity.

Interestingly, Fruits of P. isaurica and P. peucedanifolia were estrogenic in spite of the absence or trace amount of anethole.

These result suggested that the estrogenic activity of Pimpinella oils may also contributed by other components other than anethole.

In other words, anethole, a major bioactive compound may not be solely responsible for contributing towards estrogenic activity and essential oil isolated from different parts of the plant and species expressed a varied in estrogenic potencies in compared to 17 beta-estradiol.

In herbal Anise the fruit oils were most estrogenic followed by the aerial parts without fruits and the root oils and their EC50 values varied from 45 micrograms/mL to 650 micrograms/mL.

Taken together, Anise and its major bioactive compound anethole may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk, progression and treatment of estrogenic deficiency syndrome and diseases, such as menopause symptoms and women reproductive diseases.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Arthritis Is Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents BY MichaelAlbert-Puleo(Science Direct)
(2) Estrogenic activity of isolated compounds and essential oils of Pimpinella species from Turkey, evaluated using a recombinant yeast screen by Tabanca N1, Khan SI, Bedir E, Annavarapu S, Willett K, Khan IA, Kirimer N, Baser KH.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-fertility activity and hormonal profile of trans-anethole in rats by Dhar SK1(PubMed)

Added This Queen Herb for ANTI: Ageing, Menstrual Disorders and Menopause Symptoms and More.......

Chaste tree berry processes both estrogenic and anti extrogenic properties may be considered as functional food for women in delayed aging progression, restored hormone balance in ameliorated menstrual disorders, and alleviated menopausal symptoms and more........

Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belongings to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of year as anaphrodisiac herb and considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.

Estrogenic Property
Chaste-tree berry (Vitex agnus-castus L.) displaced estrogenic ability induced the reaction of estrogen from the binding site of estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta), in ameliorated the deregulation of 17β-Estradiol (E2) in exhibited the initiation and progression of cell malignancies, affecting various aspect in women body, a study by respectable Institute suggested.

According to the University of Illinois at Chicago, linoleic acid isolated from the extract of Vitex agnus-castus exerted estrogenic activity in binding to estrogen receptors, inducing certain estrogen-inducible gene expression in preserving the integrity of the genome, presented in a cell or organism.

Dr. Jarry H, the lead author in the study of "evidence for estrogen receptor beta-selective activity of Vitex agnus-castus and isolated flavones" found that beside linoleic acid, flavones derivative vitexin and penduletin. isolated from vitex agnus-castus (VAC) also expressed estrogenic effect as most active ERss-selective phytoestrogens.


Anti estrogen Property
Chaste tree berry(Vitex agnus-castus), also processes anti estrogenic property in binding the estrogen receptors for a balance between the activities of estrogen receptor ERα or ERβ.

Anti estrogenic effects is an action of binding the estrogen receptor(ERα ) and/ERβ in inhibiting the excessive levels of estrogen circulation in the body.

According to the University of Alabama in Huntsville, in the study of potential effect of estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals of popular dietary herbal supplements, researchers found that almost all herbal supplements containing phytochemical components showed a capability in binding to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation, including chaste tree berry.

Casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex rotundifolia, significantly expressed anti estrogenic effect in reduced the prolactin release stimulated by E2 in induced inhibition of ERα mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, through its anti estrogenic effect.

In a hyperprolactinemia (MIHP) induced by administration of metoclopramide dihydrochloride (50 mg/kg, tid, ip, for 10 d) in SD rats, application of casticin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, ip, for 7 d) reduced serum prolactin levels by 33.9%, 54.3%, and 64.7% and at(1 and 10 micromol/L) inhibited E2-induced pituitary cell proliferation by 27.7% and 42.1%, respectively through reduced levels of 17β-Estradiol (E2) significantly.

More importantly, oral administration of casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex rotundifolia displayed an anti estrogenic activity in decrease excessive levels of 17β-Estradiol (E2) significantly

Summary

Chaste tree berry(Vitex agnus-castus) exerts estrogenic components of plant extracts may constitute a potential use for some dietary supplements in human for treatment of various estrogen related syndromes and diseases, including breast and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and stroke, and neurodegeneration and anti estrogenic effects in binding estrogen receptor site to preserve the balancing of hormone expression of estrogen through ER alpha and ERBeta inhibition and exhibition by regulating the function of some estrogen-inducible genes.

In other words, chaste tree berry stimulated estrogen receptors in release estrogen into the blood in case of deficiency or inhibited extra levels of estrogen in case of excess in maintenance hormone balancing with other sexual hormones.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources

(1) Isolation of linoleic acid as an estrogenic compound from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. (chaste-berry) by Liu J1, Burdette JE, Sun Y, Deng S, Schlecht SM, Zheng W, Nikolic D, Mahady G, van Breemen RB, Fong HH, Pezzuto JM, Bolton JL, Farnsworth NR.(PubMed)
(2) Evidence for estrogen receptor beta-selective activity of Vitex agnus-castus and isolated flavones by Jarry H1, Spengler B, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Wuttke W, Christoffel V.(PubMed)
(3) Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms by Liu J1, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, Booth N, Constantinou AI, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Bolton JL.(PubMed)
(4) Health effects of phytoestrogens by Branca F1, Lorenzetti S.(PubMed)
(5) A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements by Powers CN1, Setzer WN1.(PubMed)
(6) Casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex rotundifolia, inhibits prolactin release in vivo and in vitro by YE Q1, ZHANG QY, ZHENG CJ, WANG Y, QIN LP.(PubMed)