Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Treatment In herbal and traditional Chinese medicine - Top vitamins for osteoarthritis

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).


                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective
B.3. The Preventive Minerals and Vitamins

2. Top vitamins for osteoarthritis
According to Anatomisches Institut der CAU zu Kiel, Olshausenstr, diet supplemented with the vitamins E, C, A, B6, B2, play an important role in prevention or therapy of mechanically induced OA, due to the effects of their antioxidant activity(335).
3.1. Vitamin A
Intake of free radical scavengers and antioxidants such as carotenoids have been known for influence the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA)(339), according to the Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, high serum values of beta-/gamma-tocopherols (Vitamin A) were found to be significantly associated with a reduced risk of OR for radiographic kneeosteoarthritis(338). In Race differentiation, according to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, radiographic kneeosteoarthritis and tocopherol isoforms are complex and may vary by ethnicity and sex(340).

3.2. Vitamin C
In a case-control study enrolled 180 knee osteoarthritis (KOA), Low intake of dietary vitamin D and vitamin C has shown to induced a high risk factor of KOA(344)Vitamin C as an antioxidant has shown to reduce oxidative stress causes of dysfunction in chondrocytes and articular cartilage degradation in patient with OA(342) induced by H2O2 by regulating multiple regulatory pathways(341). Intake of vitamin C supplement has reduced risk of OA incidence but not in decreased progression of knee in patient with OA(343).

3.3. Vitamin E
In comparison of the effectiveness of vitamin E and B vitamin in patient with knee OA, Dr. Dehghan M said "decrease in total pain severity was reported higher in B vitamin group than E vitamin"(336).
In the study of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant status in patient with OA, high levels of serum of vitamin E is associated to reduced risk of oxidative stress causes of osteoarthritis through regulation in response to increased oxidative stress(345). The study of total otal cartilage degeneration in rat models, also insisted that Vitamin E expressed not only in hondroprotective activity but also exhibited a beneficial effects of HA on articular cartilage(346).
Unfortunately, a double blind, placebo controlled trial, 136 patients with knee OA  from American College of Rheumatology clinical and radiographic criteria did not support the beneficial effect of Vitamin E in the management of knee OA, in improved cartilage volume loss or symptoms(347).

3.4.Vitamin D
Vitamin D is associated to the development and progression of osteoarthritis, as l dietary vitamin D intake increases the risk of progression of knee ROA, effecting the bone density(348). Vitamin D deficiency also has found to induced risk of progression(349) and worsening of knee osteoarthritis in patient(350). According to the study of a total of 880 randomly selected subjects (mean age 61 years [range 51-79 years], 50% women) at baseline, conducted by the University of Tasmania, sunlight exposure and serum 25(OH)D levels are found to associate with decreased knee cartilage loss(351).

In deed, Other vitamin such as vitamin D is found to modify disease progression in knee OA, through
reduce knee pain, loss of knee cartilage volume, risk knee structural abnormalities and strengthen lower limb muscle strength(337).

3.5. B vitamin
According to the Shahrekord University of Medical Science, in the studyof mean score of WOMAC questionnaire at VASs of knee pain, total pain severity, knee joint stiffness, showed that the B vitamin decrease stiffness in knee joint(352). In deed, high consumption of the mixture of B vitamins and diclofenac have been found effectively in reduced pain and inflammation for patient with osteoarthritis and used in a total knee arthroplasty(353).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(335) Dietary vitamins and selenium diminish the development of mechanically induced osteoarthritis and increase the expression of antioxidative enzymes in the knee joint of STR/1N mice. by Kurz B1, Jost B, Schünke M.(PubMed)
(336) Comparative effectiveness of B and e vitamins with diclofenac in reducing pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee by Dehghan M1(PubMed).
(337) Vitamin D supplementation in the management of knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial by Cao Y1, Jones G, Cicuttini F, Winzenberg T, Wluka A, Sharman J, Nguo K, Ding C.(PubMed)
(338) Association of serum carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: possible risk factors in rural Japanese inhabitants by Seki T1, Hasegawa Y, Yamaguchi J, Kanoh T, Ishiguro N, Tsuboi M, Ito Y, Hamajima N, Suzuki K.(PubMed)

(339) Serum carotenoids and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project by De Roos AJ1, Arab L, Renner JB, Craft N, Luta G, Helmick CG, Hochberg MC, Jordan JM.(PubMed)
(340) A case-control study of serum tocopherol levels and the alpha- to gamma-tocopherol ratio in radiographic kneeosteoarthritis: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project by Jordan JM1, De Roos AJ, Renner JB, Luta G, Cohen A, Craft N, Helmick CG, Hochberg MC, Arab L.(PubMed)
(341) Ascorbic acid provides protection for human chondrocytes against oxidative stress by Chang Z1, Huo L1, Li P1, Wu Y1, Zhang P1.(PubMed)
(342) Potential involvement of oxidative stress in cartilage senescence and development of osteoarthritis: oxidative stress induces chondrocyte telomere instability and downregulation of chondrocyte function by Yudoh K1, Nguyen vT, Nakamura H, Hongo-Masuko K, Kato T, Nishioka K.(PubMed)
(343) Osteoarthritis and nutrition. From nutraceuticals to functional foods: a systematic review of the scientific evidenc by Laurent G Ameye1 and Winnie SS Chee1(PMC)
(344) Elucidation of dietary risk factors in osteoarthritis knee—a case-control study by Sanghi D1, Mishra A, Sharma AC, Raj S, Mishra R, Kumari R, Natu SM, Agarwal S, Srivastava RN.(PubMed)
(345) Status of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and antioxidant enzymes in patients withosteoarthritis by Surapaneni KM1, Venkataramana G.(PubMed)
(346) Intra-articular hyaluronate, tenoxicam and vitamin E in a rat model of osteoarthritis: evaluation and comparison of chondroprotective efficacy by Ozkan FU1, Uzer G2, Türkmen I3, Yildiz Y3, Senol S4, Ozkan K3, Turkmensoy F3, Ramadan S5, Aktas I1(PubMed)
(347) Supplementary vitamin E does not affect the loss of cartilage volume in knee osteoarthritis: a 2 year double blind randomized placebo controlled study by Wluka AE1, Stuckey S, Brand C, Cicuttini FM.(PubMed)
(348) Vitamin D status, bone mineral density, and the development of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee: The Rotterdam Study by Bergink AP1, Uitterlinden AG, Van Leeuwen JP, Buurman CJ, Hofman A, Verhaar JA, Pols HA.(PubMed)
(349) Vitamin D deficiency is associated with progression of knee osteoarthritis by Zhang FF1, Driban JB2, Lo GH3, Price LL4, Booth S5, Eaton CB6, Lu B7, Nevitt M8, Jackson B9, Garganta C10, Hochberg MC11, Kwoh K12, McAlindon TE2.(PubMed)
(350) Low levels of vitamin D and worsening of knee osteoarthritis: results of two longitudinal studies by Felson DT1, Niu J, Clancy M, Aliabadi P, Sack B, Guermazi A, Hunter DJ, Amin S, Rogers G, Booth SL.(PubMed)
(351) Serum levels of vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and knee cartilage loss in older adults: the Tasmanian older adult cohort study by Ding C1, Cicuttini F, Parameswaran V, Burgess J, Quinn S, Jones G.(PubMed)
(352) Comparative effectiveness of B and e vitamins with diclofenac in reducing pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee by Dehghan M1.(PubMed)
(353) B-vitamin mixture improves the analgesic effect of diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis: a double blind study by Magaña-Villa MC1, Rocha-González HI, Fernández del Valle-Laisequilla C, Granados-Soto V, Rodríguez-Silverio J, Flores-Murrieta FJ, Carrasco-Portugal MC,Reyes-García JG.(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Diet and Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist: The Preventive Minerals

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective
B.3. The Preventive Minerals and Vitamins
1. Minerals for osteoarthritis
Certain minerals such as calcium(316)(317), magnesium, selenium, zinc, and iron; may be a good sources of pain reliever for patient with osteoarthritis, according to the studies(325). According to the randomized to four double-blinded treatments for 12 weeks by Minnesota Applied Research Center, Glucosamine sulfate (1500 mg/d), Aquamin (2400 mg/d) and Combined treatment composed of Glucosamine sulfate (1500 mg/d) have shown effectively in improvements in symptoms of pain and stiffness of osteoarthritis(315).
1.1. Calcium
The osteoporosis association of Canada recommended at 3 serving of milk and alternative serving of yogurt, cheese, calcium-fortified beverages, puddings, custards, etc for 50 plus elder(318). In deed, as we get older the function of replacement of osteoclasts in any areas of damaged or weakened bone are slower due to reduced process of  bone remodelling(319) of which may involve the utilization of body in calcium aborption(319).

1.2. Magnesium
According to the study by Central South University,dietary magnesium (Mg) of elder patients is associated to reduce risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), joint space narrowing (JSN)(320), especially in white population(321).
According to joint study lead by Dr. Zeng C, Serum Magnesium Concentration is found to be deficient in patient with osteoarthritis(322). In deed, patient with osteoarthritis is found to have a decreased bone levels of Mg, in comparison of radiographic bone density and bone mineral density (BMD) in patient with Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)(323),

1.3. Selenium
In male STR/1N mice model, dietary selenium and other vitamins not only  is found to have an decreased risk of osteoartritis, OA, but also play an important role in prevention or therapy of mechanically induced OA(324). In deed, according to the joint study by College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, alterations in selenium metabolism and apoptosis due to inability of MYC mediated metabolism and apoptosis signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of KBD, a special type of endemic osteoarthritis(326). Patient with osteoarthritis is found to have a low level of  selenium in comparison to osteopororsis(323).

1.4. Zinc
Zinc may plays an important role for the development of osteoarthritis, according to Randers Regional Hospital, patient with osteoarthritis are found to have significantly higher serum zinc concentrations and lower urine zinc concentrations in comparison to patient with osteoporosis(327).
High level of zinc in patient with osteoarthritis may be a influence of  bone turnover and femoral head bone density and biomechanical properties(328).
In the inflammatory effects, according to the Harran University, plasma trace element concentrations do not exhibit change in immunoregulatory cytokines in OA patient(329).

1.5. Copper
Used topical Copper-salicylate gel has shown to relief pain for patients with the hip or knee osteoarthritis with side effects of more skin rashes(330). Other topical Cu-Indo gel has shown effectively against joint inflammation in the MIA-treated rat model of osteoarthritis(332). 
In a comparison of caeruloplasmin-bound copper in serum copper levels in 49 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, in 33 patients with osteoarthritis, research found that caeruloplasmin-bound and non-caeruloplasmin bound  are  both elevate in serum copper levels in the rheumatoid group, as compared to patient with osteoarthritis(331).

1.5. Iron

Reduced in take of rich iron dietary foods and supplements may be necessary for patient with with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, according to studies, synovial iron deposition is found to associate to patient with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis(334). Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a hereditary disease cause of excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron, may have a contribution to the synovial iron overload in induction of the progression of HH-related OA(333).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(316) The use of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis by John A Sunyecz(PubMed)
(317) Calcium and vitamin D nutrition and bone disease of the elderly by Gennari C1.(PubMed)
(318) Calcium: An Important Nutrient that Builds Stronger Bones(Osteoarthritis Canada)
(319) Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General(NCBI)
(320) Association between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis. by Zeng C1, Li H1, Wei J2, Yang T1, Deng ZH1, Yang Y1, Zhang Y1, Yang TB2, Lei GH1(PubMed)
(321) Association of dietary magnesium intake with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: results from a population-based study by Qin B1, Shi X, Samai PS, Renner JB, Jordan JM, He K.(PubMed)
(322) Relationship between Serum Magnesium Concentration and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis. by Zeng C1, Wei J1, Li H1, Yang T1, Zhang FJ1, Pan D1, Xiao YB1, Yang TB1, Lei GH2.(PubMed)
(323) Comparison of bone tissue trace-element concentrations and mineral density in osteoporotic femoral neck fractures and osteoarthritis by Karaaslan F1, Mutlu M2, Mermerkaya MU1, Karaoğlu S3, Saçmaci Ş4, Kartal Ş4.(PubMed)
(324) Dietary vitamins and selenium diminish the development of mechanically induced osteoarthritis and increase the expression of antioxidative enzymes in the knee joint of STR/1N mice by Kurz B1, Jost B, Schünke M.(PubMed)
(325) Synovial fluid and plasma selenium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by Yazar M1, Sarban S, Kocyigit A, Isikan UE.(PubMed)
(326) Expression profiles of genes involved in apoptosis and selenium metabolism in articular cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck osteoarthritis by Wu SX1, Wang WZ2, Zhang F3, Wu CY3, Dennis BS3, Qu CJ4, Bai YD5, Guo X6.(PubMed)
(327) Differences in zinc status between patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis by Ovesen J1, Møller-Madsen B, Nielsen PT, Christensen PH, Simonsen O, Hoeck HC, Laursen MB, Thomsen JS.(PubMed)
(328) Differences in zinc status, bone turnover and femoral head bone density and biomechanical properties between patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis by Thomsen JS1, Nielsen PT, Christensen PH, Simonsen O, Hoeck HC, Laursen MB, Møller-Madsen B, Ovesen J.(PubMed)
(329) Synovial fluid and plasma selenium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by Yazar M1, Sarban S, Kocyigit A, Isikan UE.
(330) Copper-salicylate gel for pain relief in osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial.
Shackel NA1, Day RO, Kellett B, Brooks PM.(PubMed)

(331) Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by Grennan DM, Knudson JM, Dunckley J, MacKinnon MJ, Myers DB, Palmer DG.(PubMed)

(332) Effect of a topical copper indomethacin gel on inflammatory parameters in a rat model of osteoarthritis by Yassin NZ1, El-Shenawy SM1, Abdel-Rahman RF1, Yakoot M2, Hassan M3, Helmy S4.(PubMed)

(333) Iron overload in a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with accelerated progression ofosteoarthritis under mechanical stress by Camacho A1, Simão M2, Ea HK3, Cohen-Solal M3, Richette P3, Branco J4, Cancela ML5.(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Treatment In herbal and traditional Chinese medicine - The Incredible Olive

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective

3. The Incredible Olive
Olive is belongs to the the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin and south end of the Caspian Sea. Its fruit, is also called the olive and the source of olive oil.

Olive Oil: Fat Content
1. Saturated fats
a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic acid
c. Arachidic acid
d. ehenic acid
e. Myristic acid
f. Lignoceric acid
2. Unsaturated fat3. Monounsaturated fats
a. Oleic acid
b. Palmitoleic acid
3. Polyunsaturated fats
a. Linoleic acid
b. Linolenic acid

Monounsaturated fatty acids found abundantly in olive oil, may be beneficiary for reduced inflammation(362) and expression of lubricin to preserve the articular cartilage and then the entire joint, in rat model(362), as well as improving the disease associated loss of weight(363), such as osteoarthritis.

In a pilot double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial of topical virgin olive oil versus piroxicam gel in osteoarthritis of the knee, conducted by Ardabil University of Medical Science, researchers showed that the use of  olive oil in the experiment is more effective than medical gel for knee osteoarthritis, probably due to its phytochemiocals oleuropein and hydroxy tyroso(364).

Other in the study of fruit and vegetable antioxidants of simple and polyphenols, showed that olive vegetation water (OVW) and its combination with glucosamine exhibit anti inflammatory processes, and may be considered as an effective therapyfor treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis(365).In mechanical inflammatory arthritis (osteoarthritis, OA), The Olive leaf extract (OLE) also inhibit inflammatory process, including ear edema, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production, and may be beneficiary for the treatment of OA in humans(366).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(362) Extra-virgin olive oil diet and mild physical activity prevent cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis model: an in vivo and in vitro study on lubricin expression by Musumeci G, Trovato FM, Pichler K, Weinberg AM, Loreto C, Castrogiovanni P.(PubMed)

(363) Protective effects upon experimental inflammation models of a polyphenol-supplemented virgin olive oil diet by Martínez-Domínguez E1, de la Puerta R, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V.(PubMed)

(364) A pilot double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial of topical virgin olive oil versus piroxicam gel in osteoarthritis of the knee.in Bohlooli S1, Jastan M, Nakhostin-Roohi B, Mohammadi S, Baghaei Z.(PubMed)

(365) Hydrolyzed olive vegetation water in mice has anti-inflammatory activity by Bitler CM1, Viale TM, Damaj B, Crea R.(PubMed)

(366) Mechanisms of olive leaf extract-ameliorated rat arthritis caused by kaolin and carrageenan. by Gong D1, Geng C, Jiang L, Wang L, Yoshimura H, Zhong L.(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Diet and Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist: The Fabulous Salmon

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective

2. The Fabulous Salmon
Salmon is the common name for Salmonidae. They are anadromous, born in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then travel thousands of miles in the deep sea cold water throughout their life cycle and within to five years returning to the exacted location where they were born to reproduce and die.

Nutrients
1. Protein
2. Omega-3 fatty acids
3. B vitamins
4. Vitamin D
5. Astaxanthin
is a potent antioxidant that stimulates the development of healthy fish nervous systems and enhances the fish's fertility and growth rate.
6. Selenium
7. Tryptophan
8. Magnesium
9. Phosphorus
10. Etc.

Intake of salmon calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland of salmon or a synthetic polypeptide of the same sequence found in salmon(360) has shown to reduce OA pathogenesis and bone resorption, according to the study of 10 7-month-old female Sprague Dawley rat model by Nordic Bioscience A/S at Danmark(354) and counteract of type II collagen (CII), degradation and related surface erosions of articular cartilage in ovariectomized rat model(355), probably through the effects of subchondral trabecular bone changes and on osteoarthritic cartilage lesions(356). The change of both markers of bone and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis has made salmon calitonin a potential new treatment opportunities for OA(358).
In treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, intake of salmon calcitonin showed an effect on sum of pain, function, stiffness, and total scores, the biomarkers of bone and joint metabolism but not in patients with symptomatic knee OA(357), according to 2 phase of 3 trials study by Nordic Bioscience, Denmark.
According to the Université Catholique de Louvain, oral salmon calcitonin, also improved functional disability and reduced levels of biomarkers of which can predict of joint space narrowing induced cartilage loss(359). 

The high amount of Omega 3 fatty acid also make salmon of the dietary nutrients for the modulation of inflammation and metabolic health including prevention reduced risk of progression of osteoarthritis(361).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(358) Biochemical markers identify influences on bone and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis--the effect of sex, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score, body mass index (BMI), oral salmon calcitonin (sCT) treatment and diurnal variation by Karsdal MA1, Byrjalsen I, Bay-Jensen AC, Henriksen K, Riis BJ, Christiansen C.(PubMed)
(359) Oral salmon calcitonin reduces Lequesne's algofunctional index scores and decreases urinary and serum levels of biomarkers of joint metabolism in knee osteoarthritis by Manicourt DH1, Azria M, Mindeholm L, Thonar EJ, Devogelaer JP.(PubMed)
(360) Calcitonin(The free dictionary)
(361) Dietary omega-3 fatty acids aid in the modulation of inflammation and metabolic healt by Angela M. Zivkovic, Natalie Telis, J. Bruce German, and Bruce D. Hammock(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Treatment In herbal and traditional Chinese medicine - Life style Modification

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective
B.1. Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist
Life style modification has shown to be beneficiary for patients with osteoartritis to improve musculoskeletal and bone health and reduce disability,according to the University of Tasmania(276). Modern herbal and TCM medicine specialists may suggest the following
1. Lose some weight
Over weight and obesity are found to associate the risk factors and risks of rapid progression of the disease(277)(278). In the discussion of obesity versus osteoarthritis, Dr. Sartori-Cintra AR and the research team at  Universidade Estadual de Campinas, indicated that obesity is associated to wide range of diseases, such as osteometabolic diseases, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and suggested that physical activity combined with changes in diet composition can reverse the inflammatory and leptin resistance, reducing progression or preventing the onset of osteoarthritis(236).

2. Exercise
Exercise, today is less popular leisure-time activity in many countries throughout the Western world, especially in the youth due to promotion of information collection through mobile phone. According to study, moderate exercise, reduced the risk on the onset and progression of osteoarthritis joint disease(279). According to Boston University Arthritis, habitual physical activity post no risk of knee OA for men or women, during the 18th biennial examination (1983-85), in the study of 1,415 subjects had a mean age of 73 years(279). Walking is found to be the most preference of aerobic exercise tested in the older with knee osteoarthritis, depending to the distance, walking distance improves 26%, 31%, and 15% of pain and physical function, according to Dr.Stephen P. Messier,
Ph.D(280).
Combination of weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis showed to improve level of leptin of which related to the biomarkers for earlier diagnosis in patient with OA(281).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(276) Lifestyle modifications to improve musculoskeletal and bone health and reduce disability--a life-course approach by Jones G1, Winzenberg TM2, Callisaya ML3, Laslett LL4.(PubMed)
(277) Weight loss reduces knee-joint loads in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis by Messier SP1, Gutekunst DJ, Davis C, DeVita P.(PubMed)
(278) Effect of weight reduction in obese patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Christensen R1, Bartels EM, Astrup A, Bliddal H.(PubMed)
(279) Exercise and osteoarthritis by David J Hunter1,2 and Felix Eckstein3,4(PMC)
(280) Diet and Exercise for Obese Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis by Stephen P. Messier, Ph.D(PMC)
(281)Adipokines: Biomarkers for osteoarthritis? by Thitiya Poonpet and Sittisak Honsawek(PMC)

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Diet and Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist :Top anti inflammatory Foods

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                                    The Treatment

B. In herbal  and traditional Chinese medicine perspective

B.2. Diet and Life style modification according herbal and TCM medicine specialist

1. Top foods to reduce risk of inflammation

Low-grade inflammation has found to play a pathophysiological role in OA, according to Dr. Jeremy Sokolove, Dr. Christin M. Lepus, OA is tightly linked to joint damage, the immune response to such damage, result of  chronic inflammation causes of propagation and progression toward the disease(282).

According to Medical University Innsbruck, the relationship between diet, immunity, and the microbiota, may be necessary for us to rethink of the develop diet-based approaches to prevent or treat many diseases(283).
1. 1.Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belongings to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia, used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat common cold and flu(306), strengthen immunity(292), etc.... Recent studies also showed that garlic exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects against chronic inflammatory disease(284) through phytochemical allicin(285) and other mechanisms(286).

1.2. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root is the genus Zingiber, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil, used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis(291) and osteoarthritis(287) through its anti inflammatory, antioxidant and immune-modulatory effects(288)(289)(290), speed up wounding healing(290)(291), etc.

1.3. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belongings to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant(293)(294), anti inflammations(295), etc. agent. Epidemiological studies also found that the efficacy of turmeric for treatment for low grade inflammatory diseases through its anti inflammatory(295)(296), antioxidant(297)(298) and immunmodulatory(299)(300) activities.

1.4. Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, green tea has been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world. Epidemiological studies suggested that green tea  induced weight loss(301)(302), improved chronic inflammatory diseases through its antioxidant(303)(304), anti inflammatory(305)(306) and immune modulatory(307)(308) activities.

1.5. Shiitake mushrooms
Shiitake mushroom is an edible mushroom, genus Lentinula, belonging to family Marasmiaceae, native to East Asia and widely cultivated for consumption for its health benefits and commercial purpose in many Asian countries. Recent studies showed that Shiitake mushrooms are also consisted properties of  enhanced immune system(309)(310)(311) against inflammation(312)(313) causes of chronic inflammatory diseases(314), etc..

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)

(282) Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: latest findings and interpretations by Jeremy Sokolove and Christin M. Lepus(PubMed)
(283) Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease by Kirsty Brown,† Daniella DeCoffe,† Erin Molcan, and Deanna L. Gibson(PubMed)
(284) Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by Hodge G1, Hodge S, Han P.(PubMed)
(285) Neuroprotective effect of allicin against traumatic brain injury via Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities by Chen W1, Qi J2, Feng F3, Wang MD1, Bao G1, Wang T1, Xiang M3, Xie WF4.(PubMed)
(286) Anti-inflammatory activity of sulfur-containing compounds from garlic by Lee da Y1, Li H, Lim HJ, Lee HJ, Jeon R, Ryu JH.(PubMed)
(287)  Influence of a specific ginger combination on gastropathy conditions in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip by Drozdov VN1, Kim VA, Tkachenko EV, Varvanina GG.(PubMed)
(288) Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition , by Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2011.(PubMed)
(289) Immunity: plants as effective mediators by Sultan MT1, Butt MS, Qayyum MM, Suleria HA.(PubMed)
(299) 6-Shogaol inhibits chondrocytes' innate immune responses and cathepsin-K activity by Villalvilla A1, da Silva JA, Largo R, Gualillo O, Vieira PC, Herrero-Beaumont G, Gómez R.(PubMed)
(290) Zingiber officinale: A Potential Plant against Rheumatoid Arthritis by Al-Nahain A1, Jahan R2, Rahmatullah M1.(PubMed)
(291) Theoretical and experimental study on lipophilicity and wound healingactivity of ginger compounds by Bakht MA1, Alajmi MF2, Alam P2, Alam A3, Alam P3, Aljarba TM3.(PubMed)
(292) A Single Meal Containing Raw, Crushed Garlic Influences Expression of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Whole Blood of Humans by Charron CS1, Dawson HD1, Albaugh GP1, Solverson PM1, Vinyard BT2, Solano-Aguilar GI1, Molokin A1, Novotny JA3.(PubMed)
(293) A Newly Designed Curcumin Analog Y20 Mitigates Cardiac Injury via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Actions in Obese Rats by Qian Y1, Zhong P2, Liang D1, Xu Z1, Skibba M1, Zeng C3, Li X1, Wei T3, Wu L4, Liang G1.(PubMed)
(294) Protective effects of various dosage of Curcumin against morphine induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat isolated hippocampus by Motaghinejad M1, Karimian M2, Motaghinejad O3, Shabab B4, Yazdani I5, Fatima S2.(PubMed)
(295) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis by Panahi Y1, Hosseini MS2, Khalili N2, Naimi E2, Majeed M3, Sahebkar A4.(PubMed)
(296)  Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Standardized Solid Lipid Curcumin Formulations by Nahar PP1, Slitt AL, Seeram NP.(PubMed)
(297) In vitro Antioxidant Potential in Sequential Extracts of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizomes by Reenu J1, Azeez S1, Bhageerathy C1.(PubMed)
(298) Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 6 new turmeric(Curcuma longa L) accessions by Chinedum E1, Kate E, Sonia C, Ironkwe A,Andrew I.(PubMed)
(299) Curcuma as a functional food in the control of cancer and inflammation by Schaffer M1, Schaffer PM, Zidan J, Bar Sela G.(PubMed)
(300) Curcumin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines and delays the growth of mammary tumors in neu transgenic mice by Masuelli L1, Benvenuto M, Fantini M, Marzocchella L, Sacchetti P, Di Stefano E, Tresoldi I, Izzi V, Bernardini R, Palumbo C, Mattei M, Lista F, Galvano F, Modesti A, Bei R.(PubMed)

(301) Beneficial effects of oolong tea consumption on diet-induced overweight and obese subjects by He RR1, Chen L, Lin BH, Matsui Y, Yao XS, Kurihara H.(PubMed)
(302) Thermogenic ingredients and body weight regulation by Hursel R1, Westerterp-Plantenga MS.(PubMed)

(303) Determination of tea components with antioxidant activity by Cabrera C1, Giménez R, López MC.(PubMed)
(304) Structural determination and DPPH radical-scavenging activity of two acylated flavonoid tetraglycosides in oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) by Lee VS1, Chen CR, Liao YW, Tzen JT, Chang CI.(PubMed)
(305) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and black tea: A comparative in vitro study by Chatterjee P1, Chandra S, Dey P, Bhattacharya S.(PubMed)
(306) Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate in human corneal epithelial cells by Cavet ME1, Harrington KL, Vollmer TR, Ward KW, Zhang JZ.(PubMed)
(307) Immunomodulatory effects of EGCG fraction of green tea extract in innate and adaptive immunity via T regulatory cells in murine model by Kuo CL1, Chen TS, Liou SY, Hsieh CC.(PubMed)
(308) Immunomodulating effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea: mechanisms and applications by Pae M1, Wu D.(PubMed)

(309) Structure and inducing tumor cell apoptosis activity of polysaccharides isolated from Lentinus edodes by Wang KP1, Zhang QL, Liu Y, Wang J, Cheng Y, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(310) Structure and immuno-stimulating activities of a new heteropolysaccharide from Lentinula edodes by Xu X1, Yan H, Zhang X.(PubMed)
(311) Dietary supplementation with rice bran fermented with Lentinus edodes increases interferon-γ activity without causing adverse effects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study by Choi JY, Paik DJ, Kwon DY, Park Y1.(PubMed)

(312) Anti-inflammatory effects of five commercially available mushroomspecies determined in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ activated murine macrophages by Gunawardena D1, Bennett L, Shanmugam K, King K, Williams R, Zabaras D, Head R, Ooi L, Gyengesi E, Münch G.(PubMed)
(313) Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on antioxidant and inflammatory response to prolonged eccentric exercise by Zembron-Lacny A1, Gajewski M, Naczk M, Siatkowski I.(PubMed)
(314) Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment by Martin KR1.(PubMed)

Most Common Disease of Elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Treatment in Conventional Medicine Perspective

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                       Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).

                                Treatment

A. In conventional medicine perspective

A.1. Physical Activity

According to the center for diseases control and prevention recommends that everyone, including those with arthritis, get 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, including daily flexibility exercises to maintain proper joint range of motion and do balance exercises in patient with osteoarthritis(231). According to the study by University of Manitoba, 12 week lower body positive pressure-support low-load treadmill walking program in patients aged between 55 and 75 years, improved  knee joint pain, function, and thigh muscle strength in overweight patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and consider as a safe user-friendly mode of exercise used in management of day-to-day joint symptoms associated with knee OA(232)(233). Other studies insisted that the same program showed a significant improvements in knee joint pain and function and demonstrated significant increases in thigh muscle strength about the degenerative knee(234). Stretching gently on joints may improve flexibility, lessen stiffness and reduced pain. In a study of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and stretching exercises, researchers found that LLLT can be used as resource to increase the effects of physical therapy(237).

A.2. Weight management

Over weight and obesity are found to be associated to increased risk of osteoarthritis to elder. According to studies, Over weight and obesity  can lead to more severe cartilage degeneration(121)(123) as assessed by both morphological and quantitative MRI measurements(122).

According to the study by University of California San Francisco, in the study of 127 individuals with risk factors for knee OA, 62 subjects with a body mass index (BMI) decrease≥10% found to associate to a slower progression of T2 values in individuals with risk factors for OA,(235).

A.3. Medication
The aim of the treatment is to relieve symptoms of the disease
1. Acetaminophen
a. Acetaminophen such as Tylenol can help to relive the pain of Osteoarthritis. In the study to Tramadol/APAP add-on significantly improved knee OA pain which had been inadequately controlled by NSAIDs. Both tramadol/APAP and NSAIDs were effective at maintaining the pain-reduced state(238)(239).
b. According to RX(241) list side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea(239) and vomiting(240)
b.2. Appetite loss(241)
b.3. Itching(241)
b.4. Diarrhea
b.5. Dark urine(241)
b.6. Abdominal pain(241)
b.7. Constipation(239)

b.8. Others may include sedation, urinary retention, pruritus and/or respiratory depression(240).

2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
a. The use of the medicine should be taken into account of in cost effectiveness, adverse event data and individual cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risks(242).
b. Side effects are not limit to
According to King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause(243)
b.1. A nonspecific colitis (in particular, fenemates), and many patients with collagenous colitis are taking NSAIDs.
b.2. Large intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and perforation
b.3. Relapse of classic inflammatory bowel disease
b.4. Serious complications of diverticular disease (fistula and perforation)
b.5. Small intestinal perforation, ulcers, and strictures requiring surgery
b.6. Specific biochemical and subcellular organelle damage(243).

The University of Sydney insisted that the drug may also cause enteropathy(244).


3. Narcotics
Narcotics are natural opioid drugs derived from the Asian poppy may provide relief from more severe osteoarthritis pain(245), with additive effect(246).
b. According to NIH, the side effects(247) are not limit to
b.1. Risk of dependence
b.2. Dizziness and drowsiness
b.3. Nausea and vomiting
b.4. Headache and fatigue
b.5. Others include

Yawning, insomnia, restlessness, mood swings, diarrhea(247)


A.4.. Non medication therapy

Non medication therapies such as
1. Physical therapy or physiotherapy
Physical therapy is the form of medical rehabilitation for develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability for patients caused by injure, aging and other external factors such as diseases(250). In knee osteoarthritis, according to The University of Melbourne, more research may be needed to support the claim, physiotherapy interventions has shown to reduce pain and improve function in those with knee OA(249). But according to the joint study by the University of Melbourne, University of Otago and Monash University, physical therapy dose not result in greater improvement in pain or function than other treatment such as sham treatment in patients with hip osteoarthritis(248).

2. Occupational Therapy 
According to the Canadian Association of Occupation Therapists, Occupational therapy is the form of treatment involved evaluating and improving a persons functional abilities of a specific age group or disability such as arthritis, developmental coordination disorder, mental illness, or spinal cord injury, etc...(251). But some research suggested that patient should be encouraged to change of lifestyle to achieve a optimal self-managing the effects and symptoms of OA(252).
Unfortunately, according to the University of Alberta, the implication for Rehabilitation Pain gasp has not been focused in training programs in occupational therapy education even it is a prevalent condition in all age groups(253). Some research in regarded to occupation therapy in treatment of hand exercise in osteoarthritis, insisted that high-quality studies are necessary to establish a strong and sound of evidences in concerning functional assessment and the effect of hand exercises in hand osteoarthritis(254).

In need, depending to the individual needs, including patients education and self-management programs. Weight loss may be necessary if the osteoarthritic patient is overweight(255); physical therapy may also be needed for muscle strengthening with aerobic conditioning(256)(257) and tai chi exercise(258) with improving pain and function in people with OA, depending to the disease severities(258), etc.

Exercise therapy may be beneficiary for treatment of pain in patients with OA(259), but when it is used in conjunctions with other forms of therapies such as strength training and exercise with additional passive manual mobilisation, the combination has found to achieve better pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis(260), according to the study by Maastricht University

Manual therapy on the other hand, is more effective than exercise for those with hip OA in the short and long-term(261). Unfortunately, in the  investigate the addition of manual therapy to exercise therapy for the reduction of pain and increase of physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), researchers at the showed that combined strategy of exercise therapy plus manual therapy with booster sessions was not superior to exercise therapy alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis(262).

A.5. Surgery
Surgery only necessary if symptoms persist, depending on several factors, including the location and severity of OA damage, patient characteristics and risk factors.(265).
1. Arthrocentesis plus corticosteroid
Arthrocentesis is a medical procedure to remove joint fluid with a sterile needle for analysis through injection of corticosteroids into the joints to relieve pain, swelling, and inflammation. According to Regions Hospital, there is a reluctance of surgeon to perform such operation in patient who are receiving anticoagulation at therapeutic levels(263).
According to the Mayo clinic, cortisone shots overdoses can cause joint damage(264).

2. Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to examine and treat the abnormalities of and damage to the cartilage and ligaments through the arthroscope. It is considered as one of the standard interventions with low potential for complications for patient with knee osteoarthritis(265) and ankles, shoulders, elbows, wrists and hips osteoarthritis(266).

3. Lubrication injections
Injections of hyaluronic acid derivatives (Hyalgan, Synvisc) are recommended only to patients who have not found adequate pain relief in conservative treatment(268).
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of autologous growth factors that originate from platelets influences the production of SZP from human joint-derived cells, has shown effectively in treatment of osteoarthritis or damage in the knee joint. or damage in the knee joint, according to the study by University of California(267).

4. Realigning bones
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure used to realign bones, cartilage and reposition the joint to reduce knee pain by shifting your body weight away from the damaged cartilage(269). Osteotomies about the hip may be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthrosis(270), only if the mechanical causes of the potential or established osteoarthritis is clear and the operation succeeds in reducing the pathologically excessive joint loads(271).

5. Joint replacement
Joint replacement is a surgical procedure of orthopedic surgery to relief pain and to place the damaged joint surfaces(272). Over 1 million surgical procedure have been perform in elective total knee and hip replacements annually in the United States alone(273). According to study, over 70 % of patients who received rapid mobilization of total joint replacement patients recover safely and reduced the overall length of hospital stay(274).

Joint replacement is considered as a treatment only for patients with severe joint pain or dysfunction that can not be alleviated by non  invasive treatments. But, according to Odense University Hospital, hip replacement can be postponed in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis if patients  participate in a education and supervised exercise program(275).

6. Etc.

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References
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(231) Physical Activity and Arthritis Overview(CDC)

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(241) Tylenol Side Effects Center(RXlist)

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(264) Tests and Procedures, Cortisone shots(Mayo Clinic)
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(266) Arthroscopy(NHS choice)
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(269) Knee Osteotomy(The Knee Society)
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(272)
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