Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Tuesday, 17 February 2015

(2th edited )Most common diseases of Elders- Upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way

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and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases

The prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is increasing in subjects aged 65 years and over. Pathophysiological changes in esophageal functions that occur with aging may, at least in part, be responsible for the high prevalence of
1. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in old age.
2. The incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcers and their bleeding complications is increasing in old-aged populations worldwide.
3. H. pylori infection in elderly patients with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and severe chronic gastritis
4. Almost 40% of GU and 25% of DU in the elderly patients are associated with the use of NSAID(1) and/or aspirin(2).(a)

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease, is a chronic condition of liquid stomach acid refluxing back up from the stomach into the esophagus, causing heartburn. According to the study of “Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.” by DeVault KR, Castell DO; American College of Gastroenterology, GERD is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.

I. The Symptoms
1. Heartburn
Heart burn is one of common symptom of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adult, as a result of acid reflux cause of burning sensation or pain in the middle of the chest mostly after meal(3)(4)(5).

2. Regurgitation
In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), regurgitation is the expulsion of a small amount of digested foods to the mouth from esophagus. frequent or prolonged regurgitation can lead to acid-induced erosion of the teeth, bad breath or damage to the esophagus(3)(5).

3. Trouble swallowing(dysphagia)
It is caused by damage of the muscles and tissues that must flex for swallowing, as a result of prolonged period of acid reflux that has left untreated(6).

4. Pain when swallow
It may be caused by esophageal motility disorders, due to deglutitive contraction waves that die out in the upper esophagus(6a).

5. Asthma
Approximately, 59% of patients with GERD are experiences symptoms in asthma, according to the Baylor College of Medicine(7).

7. Other symptoms according to Texas A&M University(6) include
a, Stomach pain,
b. Stomach discomfort when eating,
c. Food and drink limits,
d. Nausea and vomiting,
e. Gas and bloating,
f. Constipation,
g. Blood, and
h. Diarrhea

II. The Causes
1. Slower in emptying of the stomach after eating
Most uncommon causes of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is due to the distention of the stomach with food over prolonged period of time that can lead to reflux(7). Approximately 20% of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are caused the reason above.

2. Cardia
Cardia is the area between the part of the stomach and the esophagus, a angle where the esophagus enters the stomach acted as a valve to prevent foods and others to reflux back to the esophagus. If the cardia is not functioning well(8), it can cause Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD with burning sensation of the esophagus(9).

3. Esophageal contractile defection(11)
If the esophageal contraction fails to performed its function of proper swallowing food, it may not generate enough waves of contractions to push the foods down to the stomach after swallowing and the acid back into the stomach(6a)(10).

4. Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition of a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm. Hiatal hernia of the esophagus and GERD had been shown to induce hemorrhage(13). GERD patients consuming a late-evening meal had significantly greater supine acid reflux compared to when they consumed an early meal, especially in overweight patients, and in patients with esophagitis or HH(12).

5. Obesity
Obesity increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Weight loss, through caloric restriction and behavioral modification, may improve reflux inobese patient with GERD(14). Bariatric surgery and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been consistently associated with improvement in the symptoms of GERD(14).

6. Esophageal mucosa
Erosive changes in the esophageal mucosof of the lower esophagogastric junctionwere strongly associated with GERD(15).

7. Medication
The use of medication such as NSAIDs product can increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)(16).

8. Chronic diseases
Chronic diseases, including cough(17)(18)(19)pulmonary fibrosis(21), earache and asthma(20) are also associated with the higher risk of develop Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

9. Infection
Infection caused by H. pylori can increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)(22) through the bacteria pylori suppression of gastric acid secretion (Gastroenterology 1997 Jul;113(1):15-24).

10. Etc.

III. Complications In some severe cases as a result of frequent acid reflux.
1. Ulcers
Damage of the esophagus can lead to result of ulcers as a result of inflammation forming of scar(23).

2. Esophageal strictures
Prolonged period and frequent acid reflux, if keft untreated can lead to inflammation cause of narrowing of the esophagus(24)(25).

3. Barrett’s esophagus
Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are the primary risk factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE)(26). The highest yield for Barrett’s is in older (age 50 or more) Caucasian males with longstanding heartburn(27).

4. Esophageal adenocarcinoma
In GICS 2009: EGF Genetic Variant Increases Risk for GERD-Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ” by Roxanne Nelson posted by Medscape Newa Today, the author wrote that January 16, 2009 (San Francisco, California)

5. Etc.

IV. Diagnosis and tests
If you are experience some of the above symptoms, after recording your family history and physical exam, the following test may be recommended by your doctor.

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) also known as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a diagnosis procedure allowed your doctor to check for any abnormality in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum after a flexible endoscope inserted down the throat.

If any abnormality is found, your doctor order further examinations.
2. Barium swallow
Barium swallow is a medical imaging procedure allowed your doctor to examine the upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract, to exam the lining of the esophagus and the stomach, after you have drunk a suspension of barium sulfate.

3. Chest X-rays
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest that allows your doctor to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.

4. Biopsy
A biopsy is a test of removal sample of cells or tissues for examination and determination of the grade and type of the tumors examined under a microscope by a pathologist or chemically, if the location of the tumor allows the test to be done without major risk to the patient.

4. Esophageal manometry
Esophageal manometry is a test with the use of a pressure-sensitive tube-like thin instrument passed through your mouth or nose and into your stomach to allow your doctor to examine the motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES), Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES).
5. Etc.

V. The GERD Diet
According to the GERD Diet (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) in McKinley Health Center of The university of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dietary modifications are recommended to lessen the likelihood of reflux and to avoid irritation of sensitive or inflamed esophageal tissue. Listed below of several recommendations may help to manage GERD:
1. Decrease total fat intake – High fat meals and fried foods tend to decrease LES pressure and delay
2. Avoid large meals – Large meals increase the likelihood of increased gastric (stomach) pressure and reflux.
3. Decrease total caloric intake if weight loss is desired – Since obesity may promote reflux, weight loss
may be suggested by your healthcare provider to control reflux. Reducing both total fat and caloric intake will aid in weight loss.
4. Avoid chocolate – Chocolate contains methylxanthine, which has been shown to reduce LES pressure by causing relaxation of smooth muscle.
5. Avoid coffee depending on individual tolerance – Coffee, with or without caffeine, may promote gastroesophageal reflux. Coffee may be consumed if it is well tolerated.
6. Avoid other known irritants – Alcohol, mint, carbonated beverages, citrus juices, and tomato products all may aggravate GERD. These products may be consumed depending on individual tolerance.
B. Other modifications for treating GERD
7. Maintain upright posture during and after eating.
8. Stop smoking.
9. Avoid clothing that is tight in the abdominal area.
10. Avoid eating within 3 hours before bedtime.
11. Lose weight if you are overweight.
12. Sleep on your left side.
13. Chew non-mint gum which will increase saliva production and decrease acid in the esophagus.
14. Elevate the head of your bed 4-6 inches by placing bricks under the headboard. (Source)

VI. Treatments
A. Conventional medicine
A.1. Medication
1. Proton-pump inhibitors
Proton-pump inhibitors including omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, are used to reduce the production of gastric acid in the stomach(28)(29).

2. H₂ receptor blocker(30)
H₂ receptor blockers include ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, etc., Over-the-counter medications are effective in treating symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, with 41% with histamine-2 receptor antagonists, 60% with alginate/antacid combinations, and 11% with antacids(31).

3. 5HT₄ agonist
Mosapride 40 mg q.d.s. is effective in decreasing acid reflux in the oesophagus in patients with GERD(32).

4. GABA-B Receptor Agonists
Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, showed effectively in the treatment of patients with GERD, through inhibition pf 34% to 60% of Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation (TLESR) and improvement of basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure(33).

5. Antacids
Antacids are oral medicine used to relieve symptom of heartburn of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERB)(34)(35).

4. Pro motility Agents
Promotility Agents are used to improve GERD symptoms for patients with slow gastric emptying by stimulating the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce acid reflux into the esophagus(36).
5. Etc.

A.2. Surgery: Fundoplication Surgery
The aim of the surgery is to reduce heartburn caused by acid reflux, in severe case of inflammation, such as hiatal hernia, damage of esophagus, etc.. Fundoplication surgery(37)(38) is the procedure to treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) by strengthening the valve between the esophagus and stomach as the upper curve of the stomach wrapped and satured around the lower end of the esophagus to prevent acid from backing up into the esophagus with a laparoscopic with a small tunnel made from the stomach muscle to allow foods of the lower part of the esophagus to pass through. The surgery is also by times for the esophagus to heal.
Laparoscopic fundoplication is effective in controlling symptoms in the majority of patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE) to orevent the possibility of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma(39)

B. Herbs
1. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice used by people with gastric and peptic ulcers for nearly a hundred years. its three antiulcer agents FM 100, plaunotol, and teprenon showed to increase the content of endogenous prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa, through its endogenous secretin released and antiulcer effect(40).

2. Aloe Vera
According to the article of “Effect Of Orally Consumed Aloe Vera Juice On Gastrointestinal Function In Normal Humans, excerpts By Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D. (Linus Pauling Institute of Science & Medicine) involved ten healthy subjects – five men (median age: 42; standard deviation: 14 years), and five women (median age: 32; standard deviation: 5 years) – engaged Aloe vera juice oral supplementation in in a semicontrolled study, promotes proper gastrointestinal function, such as gastrointestinal motility, increasing stool specific gravity etc. through its regulate gastrointestinal pH effect(41),

3. Mastic gum
Mastic gum. a resin obtained from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus), showed to consist an ability to support the health of patients with ulcers, GERD and acid reflux, according to the article of Strategies to Protect Against Potential Bone-Destroying Effects”By Chris D. Meletis, ND,

4. Ginger
Ginger has been used for thousands of years to enhance the function of digestive system and treated stomach distress including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and in digestion, acid reflux, motion sickness, dyspepsia, etc. due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic properties.
The methanol extract of ginger rhizome showed to inhibite the growth of all 19 strains of bacteria in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 6.25-50 micrograms/ml(42)

5. Peppermint
In vitro, peppermint exhibited significant antimicrobial and antiviral activities, strong antioxidant and antitumor actions, and some antiallergenic potential. Animal model studies demonstrate a relaxation effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, analgesic and anesthetic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system etc.,… Caution are necessary for using peppermint oil therapy in patients with GI reflux, hiatal hernia(43).

6. Etc.

C. Traditional Chinese medicine
a. Ban Xia Xie Xin Wan, also known as "Pinellia Drain Epigastrium Pills" was recorded in classic texts around 210 C.E. used in TCM to treat various gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, enteritis, gastric ulcer, gastralgia exhibits its anti-ulcer action (probably based on its ability to protect the gastric mucosa), through improvement of gastric emptying and an anti-emetic action,
according to the study of the effects of hange-shashin-to on gastric function in comparison with sho-saiko-to" by Y Kase, M Yuzurihara, S Iizuka, A Ishige, Y Komatsu,

b. Ingredients
b.1. Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber)
Main use: Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting, Resolves masses, Disperses nodules....
b.2. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Expels toxins, Stops bleeding...
b.3. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Middle Burner, Strengthens Qi, Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Nourishes Blood....
b.4. Gan Cao ( Licorice Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs, Calms cough...
b.5. Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Expels toxins...
b.6. Bai Shao
Main use: Nourishes Blood, Preserves the Yin, Nourishes the Liver, Calms pain....
b.7. Chen Pi
Main use: Regulates the Qi, Regulates the Middle, Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm...

References
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15588798
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16001646
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22542157
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232262
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25212408
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347282
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25148757
(6a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237280
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17682001
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16377311
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cardia+and+burning+sensation
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24330081
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8608873
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Administration+of+a+Standardized+Meal.+Does+Timing+Matter
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17633874
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=weight+loss%2C+through+caloric+restriction+and+behavioral+modification+in+obese+with+GERD
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956342/
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23265146
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046990
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25374758
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327320
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16430100
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115688/
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10378360
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14986731
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564071
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482901
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567358
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341497
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235462
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124466
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11552905
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17229239
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9692698
(33) http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/434528
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886047
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15540548
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1349550
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386679
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943388
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14759403
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1156688/
(41) http://www.desertharvest.com/physicians/documents/DH127.pdf
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761965/
(43) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.1936/abstract

Quick and Easy Healthy Kid Loved Lunch Box Recipe: Orange and celery

Posted Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way

If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen.

Stealth side salad: Chunky salad perfect for youngsters who have never to let a shred of lettuce pass their lips.

In a small container with tight-fitting lid, combine equal parts sliced or shaved celery and seedless orange segments. Drizzle with / tablespoon olive oil and 1 teaspoon white wine vinegar. Cover and shake gently to combine. Season with salt and papper. Sprinkle with chopped fresh parsley, if you like.

For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

(4th edited )Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Wolfberry (Gou Qi) treatments of Dementia Caused by Blood Stasis

C.4.1. Dementia due to Blood Stasis
According to Chinese medical literaure over 3000 years of history, blood Stasis may be caused by spleen qi deficiency, but in most cases, it is due to heart qi deficiency cause of inability in transport nutrients to the body organs and cells, including the brain. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting or death of neurons, cognitive impairments(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissues and behavior patterns(843)(842). Blood statsis induced by cold(1142), emotional disorder(1143), aging(1144), chronic illnesses and consumptive disease(1145), can overload the heart capacity, contributing to long-term hypertension(1146) due to decreased or impeded blood flow(1147) causes of hypo-perfusion in cerebral blood flow or acute focal stroke in memory-related cerebral parenchyma induced progression of cognitive decline(*).

Herbal medicine for treatment of Blood stasis
1. Wolfberry (Gou qi)
Gou Qi, the sweet and neutral herb is also known as wolfberry, used in TCM as anti cancers(1148)(1149), antioxidative(1150)(1151) and anti aging(1156)(1157) agent and to treat back, leg, and stomach pain(1152), hypopigmentation(1154), improve vision(1153)(1154), diabetes(1155), premature aging(1156), enhance immune system(1157), lower blood lipids(1158), elevate level of testosterone(1159), simulate estrogen and anti estrogen effect through different estrogen receptor mechanisms(1160) etc., as it nourishes and tonifies Liver and Kidneys, moistens the Lungs, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver, lung and kidney channels(1161).

Phytochemicals
1. Betaine
2. β-sitosterol
3. Linoleic acid
4. Physalien
5. Cryptoxanthin
6. Atropine
7. Hyoscyamine
8. Scopoletin
9. Amino acids
10. Physalein
11. Zeaxanthin
12. Dipalmitate
13. Carotene
14. Etc.

1.1. In Alzheimer's disease(AD)
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have shown to be associated to increased the risk of Alzheime's disease (AD), epidemiologically and clinically. Polysaccharides, phytochemicals derived from wolfberry (LBA) not only inhibited Abeta accumulation but also reduced risk of other factors induced AD(1162). According to the University of Hong Kong, the chemical olysaccharides, also ameliorated glutamate excitotoxicity involved in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1163). The herbal alkaline extract was found to exhibit neuroprotection, through inhibiting Abeta-peptides induced apoptosis and neuronal cell death(1164).

1.2. In neuroprotective effects
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), on focal cerebral ischemic injury in mice model, inhibited neuronal morphological damage and attenuated the neuronal apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptosis pathway(1165). In ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage, chemical Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), reduced apoptosis and a decrease number of viable cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL), through its antioxidant activity(1166), In PC12 cell, Lycium barbarum extracts inhibited neurotoxin induced Parkinson's disease-like syndrome, through increased intracellular Ca (2+) level and significantly cell viability and cellular ATP levels(1167).

1.3. In cognitive impairment
In prenatal stress-induced cognitive impairment of offspring rats, Lycium barbarum showed to inhibit brain oxidative mitochondrial damage and cognitive dysfunction, through its scavenged hydroxyl and superoxide radicals(1168). Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional herbal prescription, containing Lycium, showed to enhance neuroprotective effects in attenuation of memory impairment, probably through its anti-inflammatory activities(1169).

1.4. In learning and memory
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, scopolamine (SCO-induced cognitive and memory deficits in rats model, ameliorated and suppressed oxidative stress in hippocampus, and neurons apoptosis(1170). On transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, Gou qi extracts at 10 mg/kg improved the performance of the learning and the memory retrieval phases of tested models, through reduced levels of Aβ(1-42) in hippocampal tissue(1171). According to Kyung Hee University, Lycium chinense fruit, in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neuronal and cognitive impairment rats model, improved learning and memory deficit in impaired learning and memory scores(1172).

For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(1142) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288569
(1143) http://www.classicalchinesemedicine.org/2010/03/blood-blood-stasis-and-blood-path-disorders/
(1144) http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2250018.Aging_Blood_Stasis
(1145) http://www.tcvm.com/NewsArticles/TabId/245/ArtMID/1382/ArticleID/97/A-Look-at-Blood-Stasis.aspx

(1146) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412665

Monday, 16 February 2015

Yesterday, Today or Tomorrow by 林軍碩

According to the resource, the below lost poem was written by 林軍碩學友, on May 1979, after arriving Bidong refugee camp with unknown future. Mr. 林, the former editor of department of Chinese literature studies news at university of Minh Duc, faculty of Humanity and Social sciences, at ages of 18, was one of the well known poem writer between 1974 - 1975 in Saigon, south Vietnam, before communist taking power. He also involved in many charitable events in assisting the refugees to rebuild their homes in the War zone(1974-1975). Loved by his Chao zhou community lead by Mr. 陳城. Mr. 林, was considered by his community as one of the best next generation leaders at that tine.

(4th edited )Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency

Phytochemicals

1. Essential oil

2. Resin

3. Paeoniflorin

4. Paeonol

5. Paeonin

6. Albiflorin

7. Triterpenoids

8. Sistosterol

9. Oxypaeoniflorin

10. Benzoylpaeoniflorin

11. Benzoic acid

12. β sitosterol

13. Gallotannin

14. Pedunculagin

15. 1-O-Galloylpedunculagin

16. Eugeniin

17. Tannin acid

18. Etc.

Herbal shao yao used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1018)(1019) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent paeoniflorin, in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1020)(1021) through anti oxidative stress(1022), anti inflammatory(1023), improving neural synapse plasticity(1024) mechanisms, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1025) induced senile dementia and aging-induced cognitive dysfunction(1026).

1.1. Parkinson's disease PD
Strong evidences suggested that peony, possesses wide pharmacological effects in nervous system(1027)(1028). Paeoniflorin, a phytochemical isolated from peony, in PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA found in patient with Parkinson's disease(1030),showed to suppress mitochondria apoptosis, through its antioxidant capability in increasing glutathione (GSH)(1032). by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)(1031). In Parkinson's disease (PD) progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons involved movement and mitochondrial dysfunction, in mouse model, peony significantly inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, via the regulation of expression of immunity, inhibition of cytochrome C associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.release and caspase-3, a protein encoded by in CASP3 gene, activation(1031). According to University of Miami, polyphenols, included baicalin, baicalein, wogonin (in scutellaria), and paeonol, paeonoside, paeoniflori, found in peony, exerted neuroprotective efficacy, probably through improving cerebral blood circulation, involved alleviation of the symptoms of degenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)(1033).

1.2. In Alzheimer's disease AD
Abeta42 deposition in hippocampus has shown to induce the brain inflammation causes of early onset of Alzheimer's disease AD(1034)(1035). Paeonol(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone;1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one), found in peony, not only protect the nervous system against accumulation of amyloid peptide, Aβ1-42, through its anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties, but also slowed down in regulated the pathogenic processes associated with AD, through morphological, biochemical and behavioral activities(1036). Aqueous extract of the dry root of Peony in Abeta((1-42))-induced rats, also inhibited Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, through ameliorated cognitive deficit, cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manner(1037).

1.3. In cognitive impairment
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with the neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD, Paeoniflorin, isolated from the aqueous extract of peony, in rat model, not only showed to promote the cognitive ability, exhibited anti-depressant-like effect and reduced toxicity, but also attenuated the oxidative stress induced Aβ(1-42) by regulating choline acetyltrasferase and the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the hippocampus of Aβ(1-42)(1038)(1039). In Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, associated with the cognitive deficits of AD, the phytochemical also attenuated cognitive deficit and brain damage through ameliorated astrocytes(star-shaped glial cells in CNS) and microglias(glial cell in CNS) in hippocampus(1040). According to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, on cerebral infarction induced neurological symptoms, paeoniflorin (PF) significantly reduced the infarct volume causes of cognitive impairment(1041).

1.4. In learning and memory
Supplementation of paeonol extractedfrom peony, in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, significantly improved the learning and memory ability through reduction of oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity, according to China Pharmaceutical University(1042). Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), an herbal formula, containing peony and 5 other herbs, used to treat gynecological disorders and neural dysfunctions, in the same model study, showed effectively in improved cognitive ability, through ameliorating oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis in the brain(1043). Paeoniflorin, a major constituent of peony, also exhibited its beneficial effect on learning and memory impairment in rodents, by reversed the suppressible effects of adenosine as shown on passive avoidance test and inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP)(1044).

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton

2. Bupleurum
Chai Hu the bitter, slightly cold herb is also known as bupleurum root, used in TCM as antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial and antiviral, such as cold and influenza, alternated chill and fever, malaria(1047), cytotoxic(1045) and anti-cancer agent(1046) and to treat irregular menses, prolapse of uterus and rectum(1048), etc., as it regulates and clears heat, improve liver function, raises Yang(1048) resolves depression and stagnation, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver, gall bladder, pericardium, triple burner channels.

Phytochemicals
1. β-terpinene
2. imonene
3. β-fenchene

4. ulegone

5. Isoborneol
6. β-terpineol
7. α-copaene
8. Humulene
9. A-farnesene10. Aromadendrene
11. Cis-caryophyllene
12. β-elemene,13. Gamma-muurolene
14. Patchoulane
15. Pootkatone
16. Ledol
17. Etc.

Herbal chai hu used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1049)(1050) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1051) through its cytoprotection of neuron, and the neuroprotective mechanisms (1052), against apoptosis of neurons(1051) due Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal damage(1060) in concentration of corticosterone on hippocampal neurons(1059) in a dose-dependent manner.

Yokukansan, a popular herbal combination in Japan and China, containing chai hu, may be the next potential herbal formula used for treatment, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, especially for the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD)(1064)(1065)(1066).

2.1. In dementia symptoms
In dementia, Yokukansan, also known as TJ-54, is composed of sev Angelica acutiloba, Atractylodes lancea, Bupleurum falcatum, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cnidium officinale and Uncaria rhynchophylla,(1052)showed to ameliorated the memory disturbance, anxiety-like behavior, the increase in aggressive behaviors, the decrease in social behaviors, ameliorates learning deficits and non-cognitive defects(1055) through improvement of neuronal and astroglial cells, via inhibit glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity(1053)(1054). According to ¹Keimei Memorial Hospital in Japan, the formula also showed to improve behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) together with donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1056).

2.2. In Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
In Alzheimer's disease, Yokukansan improved psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)(1058), such as hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, irritability or abnormal behavior(1057)  in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1056). In patients with dementia with Lewy bodies Kampo medicine, yokukansan (YKS), including chai hu, also improved behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), through neuropsychiatric Inventory scores(1061).

2.3. In Parkinson's disease
In neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, yokukansan, containing Chai hu, using the Unified PD Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) and Hoehn and Yahr scale, showed effectively in ameliorated symptoms of delusions, agitation, depression, euphoria, disinhibition with aberrant motor activity tended to improve but irritability showed no change with oral administration of (7.5 g/day) for 12 weeks(1062). In behavioral and psychological symptoms, the herbal formula, also exhibited improvements of these symptoms, without worsening cognitive function, ability to perform activities of daily living, or parkinsonism, after 4 weeks(1063). Yokukansankachimpihange, another formula containing chai hu, showed to exhibit anti hallucinate effects, through its major phytochemical atractylenolide III and β-eudesmol, through its antagonistic activity against serotonin receptors induced non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease and various forms of dementias(1067).

According to traditional Chinese medicine, the effectiveness of a herbal formula, is not results of single ingredient or single herb, but the combination of all ingredients of all herbs in the formula, even some of herbs in the formula may show an significant efficacy in Western studies and clinical trials.

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3. Safflower (Hong Hua)
Safflower, is an acrid, warm herb in nature, used in tradition Chinese medicine as anti-bacterial(1070), anti viral(1068)(1069), analgesic(1071), diabetic(1072)(1073), immune stimulant(1074), anti-inflammatory(1071), anti-spasmodic(1075) agent. As a blood tonic in Chinese medicine, the herb is effective in treating dysmenorrhea(1075), amenorrhea(1075), by breaking up blood stagnation|(1077)(11078), improve blood flow(15) through warm-pungent-liver efficiency network(1079) and regulation of female reproductive hormone(1080) via liver, heart channels(1076).

Phytochemicals
1. Neocarthamin
2. Carthamin
3. Carthamone
4. Carthamidin
5. Saffloryellow
6. Saffloryellow-A
7. Apalmitic acid
8. Myristic acid
9. Lauric acid
10. Etc.

Herbal Safflower (Hong Hua) used in the treatment of symptoms of degenerative diseases(1091) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent Hydroxy-safflor yellow A(1081)baicalin, baicalein, wogonin(1088), in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1082)(1083), through anti oxidative stress(1086), anti inflammatory(1084))(1085) activities, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1081) induced neurotoxicity causes of  Alzheimer's disease.(1087)(1089) and neurodegeneration(1090).

3.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Neuroinflammation has shown to be a major contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1092). Hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA), isolated from safflower, inhibited Aβ 1-43₁ induced inflammation(1096) through anti microglia-mediated neurotoxicity activity(1094). In PC12 cells induced by β-amyloid neurotoxicity, the phytochemical also inhibited cell viability, glutathione level, through ameliorated enzymes found extensively in body tissues, formation of DNA fragmentation, and levels of reactive oxygen species(1095) and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators(1097).

3.2. In Neuroprotective effects(1098)
In Hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) at the molecular level, the chemical showed to inhibite energy metabolism disruption, excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress caused by impaired metabolism in rats with ischemia, through suppressing proinflammatory and upregulating anti-inflammatory mechanism(1099). According to Tianjin Medical University General Hospita, the herb also exerted its neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a major protein component of senile plaques induced neurotoxicity via decreased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(1101), ROS marker, malondialdehyde, and increased the level of glutathione, stabilized mitochondrial membrane(1100) and protected against excitotoxic neuronal death(1102).

3.3. In memory dysfunction
Intake of safflower oil has shown to improve learning and memory ability in n-3 fatty acid deficient male mice(1103) and in an age-related neuro deteriorative mouse model(1106), probably through modulated physiological properties of entorhinal cortex neurons(1104) and the balance of ratio of brain phospholipid(1107), respectively. Nicotiflorin, a natural flavonoid extracted from safflower, in cerebral multi-infarct dementia in rats model, showed to enhance spatial memory through reducd ROS production(1105).

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4. Cinnamon bark (Rou gui)
Rou gui, an acrid, sweet, very hot herb, is also known as Cinnamon bark, used in TCM as anti-spasmodic(1110), antibiotic(1111), antigastric ulcers(1112), anti impotent and anti diabetic(1113)(1114) agent and to treat hepatitis(1115), flatulence(1116), weak digestion(1116), pain in solar plexus(1110), breast cancer(1117)(1118), tuberculosis(1119)(1120), etc., as it drains the liver heat, eliminates Qi accumulation, disperses nodules, reduces stagnation, etc.by enhancing the functions of heart, lung, bladder channels(1121).

Ingredients
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2. Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarin
7. Cinnamyl alcohol
8. Cinnamic acid
9. Cinnzeylanol
10. Cinnzeylanine
11. Etc.

Cinnamon bark (Rou gui) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurological impairment(1108)(1109) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent cinnamaldehyde (CA) and epicatechin (EC)(1122) in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1123)(1123), through anti oxidative stress(1125), anti inflammatory(1124)) activities, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1126) induced neurotoxicity causes of  Alzheimer's disease.(1126)(1127) and neurodegeneration(1128).

4.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Cinnamon, a multifaceted medicinal plant have shown to consist activities against neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's diseases(1129) by blocking and reversing tau modification and aggregation(1131)(1130) and in ischemic stroke induced cell swelling(1130). In β-amyloid polypeptide (Aβ), associated to the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and in mouses model, oral administration of cinnamon extract exhibited neuroroprotective effects in enhancing the fully recover of locomotion defects and totally abolished tetrameric species of Aβ in their brain(1132). In a high fat/high fructose diet induced Alzheimer's disease(AD) symptoms, cinnamon (CN) ameliorated enzyme phosphatase and proteins tensin homolog (PTEN), tau and amyloid precursor, associated to Alzheimer's disease(AD), through improved insulin sensitivity and related changes in the brain(1133).
According to The Business and Technology Center, West Lafayette, Chinese cinnamon, is one of the tested herb with potential for prevention and treatment of early onset of Alzheimer's disease(AD)(1134).

4.2. In Parkinson's disease
In a mice model, oral administration of cinnamon (Cinnamonum verum) powder upregulaed and/or maintained the level of Parkin/DJ-1, a beneficial proteins associated to degeneration progression of Parkinson's disease(1135). through protection of dopaminergic neurons(1136). In oligomeriztion of α-synuclein (α-syn) formation associated with the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, cinnamon extract precipitation (CEppt), inhibited oligomeric and fibrillar forms of α-syn through ameliorated aggregation of β-amyloid polypeptide(1137).

4.3. In neuroprotective effects
Oxidative stress has shown to associate to brain damage due to its high consumption of oxygen.
Cinnamon polyphenols, during oxidative stress, exhibited neuroprotective effects in glial cells by reduced overexpression of the proinflammatory factors(1138) and enhanced prosurvival proteins protein levels (sirtuin 1, 2, and 3, deacetylases) associated to glioma cells survival(1139). Cinnamaldehyde, a major chemical found in cinnamon, inhibited uncontrolled activation of microglia contributes to neuroinflammation involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases(1140). The herbal water extract, also exerted neuro protective effect against glutamate-induced neuronal death through the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx(1141).

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton

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Quick and Easy Healthy Kid Loved Lunch Box Recipe: Corn and edamame

Posted Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way

If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way

By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen.

Stealth side salad: Chunky salad perfect for youngsters who have never to let a shred of lettuce pass their lips.

In a small container with tight-fitting lid, combine 2 teaspoons fresh lime juice and 1 tablespoon olive oil. Add equal parts cooked corn kernels; cooked shelled edamame; halved cherry tomatoes; and avocado cubes. Sprinkle with minced cilantro, if you like. Cover and shake to combine. Season with salt and pepper.

For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
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Sunday, 15 February 2015

(4th edited )Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Cinnamon treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency