Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Tuesday, 27 January 2015

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Radix polygalae(Yuan Zhi)

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)According to the Unilever R&D Shanghai, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Dr. and the team of researchers, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in 3000 years' literary history, the top 5 TCM herb ingredients including Poria cocos(720), Radix polygalae, Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix angelica sinensis, and Radix rehmanniae have been used extensively for treatment of dementia.

C.1.2. Radix polygalae(Yuan Zhi)
Yuan Zhi, sweet and slightly cool herb is also known as Thinleaf Milkwort Root, used in TCM as antibiotic property, anti-viral property(732), anti cancer(734) and anti depression(733) agent in treating hepatitis B, tumors in the digestive system, respiratory system and in the uterus, etc., as it calms the heart, transforms phlegm, resolves furuncle and oedema, expel toxin, etc. by enhancing the functions of spleen, lung and liver channels.

Phytochemicals
1. Protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK)
2. Polysaccharopeptides (PSP)
3. Tenuifolin
4. Onjisaponin B
5. Etc.

Yuan Zhi used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(719) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits(735). In aging related dementia, based on the history of use, and pharmacological investigation, Yuan Zhi showed a strong evidence in memory improving, including cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities(736). Palmul-chongmyeong-tang, a traditional Chinese medicine formula containing Yuan zhi, exhibited improvement of learning and memory deficits, through reduction of loss of cholinergic immunoreactivity induced by cerebral ischemia(737).

  1. In Alzheimer's disease (AD)
In free radical involved neuro-degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), pretreament with Paeng-Jo-Yeon-Nyeon-Baek-Ja-In-Hwan (PJBH) prescription significantly exhibited cytoprotective effects, through elevating cell survival, antioxidant enzyme activities and resulted decreased production  of malondialdehyde (MDA) which associated to Alzheimer's disease (AD)(738). Smart Soup (SS), composed of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (AT), Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP) and Radix Polygalae (RP), in oral administration of SS ameliorated the cognitive impairment of AD in animal model, effectively reduced Aβ levels, retarded Aβ amyloidosis and reduced Aβ-induced gliosis and neuronal loss(739).

2. In Parkinson's disease
Mutant Huntingtin gene caused by a poly-glutamine expansion in huntingtin( 740)and A53T α-synuclein, a protein found abundantly in the human brain, at the tips of nerve cells (neurons)(741) have shown to be associated with the development of Huntington disease and Parkinson disease. Yuan Zhi phytochemical, onjisaponin B and ethanol extracts showed to induce autophagy(743) through signalling pathway in participation of regulation of vascular function(742) in protection  of cells against pro-neuro apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway(744). According to colege of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, in mouse models of Parkinson's disease, Yuan Zhi also exhibited it protective effects on dopaminergic neurons induced by toxicity(745).

3. In Huntington diseases
Mutant Hungtintin caused of degradation of long-lived cytoplasmic proteins, protein complexes (the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane)(747), or damaged organelles(tiny structures that perform very specific functions within cells)(748) attentuated autophagy in asociateion of the development of Huntington diseases(746), onjisaponin B, found in Yuan Zhi, effectively induce  autophagy through its acceleration of both the removal of mutant huntingtin and and α-synuclein in PC-12 cells(749), which contain mixture of neuroblastic cells and eosinophilic cells(750).

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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton

Reference
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(732) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205352
(733) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20541923
(734) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yuan+zhi+tumors
(735) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386946
(736) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(737) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268076
(738) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(739) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386946
(740) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166352/
(741) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-synuclein
(742) http://www.nature.com/hr/journal/v33/n5/full/hr201011a.html
(743) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24248062
(744) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17182613
(745) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21195155
(746) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18637946
(747) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm
(748) http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-organelles.htm
(749)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Radix+polygalae(+and+Huntinton+disease
(750) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC12_cell_line

The best recipe for Diabetes: Green Bean with Tomatoes

Monday, 26 January 2015

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Poria cocos(Fu Ling)

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
According to the Unilever R&D Shanghai, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Dr. and the team of researchers, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in 3000 years' literary history, the top 5 TCM herb ingredients including Poria cocos(720), Radix polygalae, Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix angelica sinensis, and Radix rehmanniae have been used extensively for treatment of dementia.
C.1. 1. Poria cocos(Fu Ling)
Fu Ling, fu shen or fu ling pi also known as Poria, the bland, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as diuretics(711) and to treat urinary difficulty(711), edema(711), diarrhea(715), emesis(717), vomiting(716), dizziness(716), heart diseases(717)(718), etc., as it eliminates water, strengthens the Spleen, calms the Mind, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, spleen, lung and kidney channels. The herb has shown to exhibit various biological activities including anti-tumor(713), anti-inflammation(712), immunodepression(712) and antioxidant(711)(713)(714).

Phytochemicals
1. Pachymose
2. Albuninoid
3. Pachymaran
4. B-pachyman
5. B-pachymanase,
6. Pachymic acid,
7. Tumulosic acid,
8. Eburioic acid,
9. Pinicolic acid,
10. Etc.

Fu Ling(720) used for treatment and prevention of dementia(719) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in attenuation of oxidative stress in initiation of neurodegeneration and enhanced neuroprotection(719).

1. Learning and memory impairments
Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), the traditional Chine medicine formula, containing Poria cocos, showed effectively in exhibition of its anti-inflammatory effects in protection of brain neuron through attenuating memory(721)(722) and learning impairment(723). In senile dementia, herbal Poria cocos also elicited memory-improving effects in vivo and in vitro through its sinapic acid, tenuifolin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, glabridin, ferulic acid antioxidants via cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities(722).Yokukansan (TJ-54), another Chinese medicine formula, containing Poria cocos, also inhibited neurological disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease(723) symptoms of memory and behaviors disturbance(724), probably through its anti-cholinesterase activity(725).

2. Cognitive dysfunction
In patients of dementia with cognitive dysfunction, Liuwei Dihuang decoction, containing Poria cocos, showed significantly in attenuated the neural apoptosis, inflammation and Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and cerebral corte(726) causes of cognitive impairment(727) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. In spatial cognition, herbal formula Toki-Shakuyaku-San and fractions of Angelica acutiloba, improved memory and working memory impaired by scopolamine in animal study(728).

3. Alzheimer disease
In mouse model of Alzheimer disease, herbal formula Jangwonhwan, not only showed effectively in ameliorated AD-like pathology, but also exhibited its neuroprotective effects against Abeta-induced cell death, and the Abeta accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain(730), probably through attenuation of reactive oxidative stress(729), by suppressed Aβ-induced apoptosis and ROS production(731).

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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(711) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847967
(712) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347995
(713) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751506
(714) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24875321
(715) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Poria+cocos+diarrhea
(716) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19446542
(717) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933223
(718) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198902
(719) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(720) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23433049
(721) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303969
(722) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808655
(722) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305632
(723) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812276
(724) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801831
(725) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15500267
(726) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041458
(727) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22310556
(728) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351791
(729) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685330
(730) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20669372
(731) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21762767

The best recipe for Diabetes: Gratin of Swiss Chard Stalk

Sunday, 25 January 2015

(Preview) Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Preventive Diet

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Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
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By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time.
Most common Musculo-Skeletal Disorders include
1. Musculoskeletal pain .
2. A shoulder disorder
3. rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand, hip, and knee.

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in ages of 50 plus(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis is condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period of time.

1. Green tea
Black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG) and green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are found to be a lead compounds for the treatment of bone resorption diseases, through inhibition of the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, according to study.

2. Organic soy
Ingestion soy isoflavone extracts (not soy protein or foods containing isoflavones) supplements increased lumbar spine BMD in menopausal women, but not femoral neck, hip total, and trochanter BMD, according to study.

3. Milk thistle seeds
Silibin found abundantly in Milk thistle seeds has shown to promote bone-forming osteoblastogenesis and encumber osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro cell systems of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.

4. Skin and seed of grape
Resveratrol, a phytohemical of skin and seed of grape promoted spontaneous osteogenesis(bone formation) but prevented adipogenesis(adipocytes in storage of fat) in human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors, according to study.

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis by Kyle J. Norton

The best recipe for Diabetes: Courgettes with Garlic and Parsley

Saturday, 24 January 2015

(Preview)Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Herbal Treatments: Other Potential Herbs

Diseases of Central Nervous system

Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
B. In herbal medicine perspective
6. Other potential herbs
Herbs used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(682)(683) in traditional medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in attenuation of oxidative stress and neuro inflammation via neuroglial activation(683).
According to University of Wollongong, herbs and spices, containing high amount of phytochemicals in traditional history of use, with strong roles in cultural heritage, may have a distinguished effect in cognitive decline associated with ageing and the acute effects of psychological and cognitive function(684), probably through active ingredients of spices in modulation of neural response in the peripheral nervous system, via interaction with TRP channel/receptors(685).

Phytochemicals have been studied intensively including
1. Cannabinoids (e.g. cannabidiol) from Cannabis sativa, may be emerging as potential therapeutic agents for treatment of symptoms of dementia(686)(687). In Alzheimer's disease. the phytochemicals have found effectively against multifactorial illnesses as Alzheimer's disease, through inhibition of BuChE(689) and AChE(690) enzymes by a non-competitive or mixed mechanism(688).

2. Resveratrol (occurs in various plants) showed to improved cognition and reduces oxidative stress, by promoting learning and memory ability in vascular dementia(692) and decreased malonyldialdehyde levels(691). In Alzheimer's Disease, the phytochemical exerted its neuroprotective effect(694)(695), in decreased Aβ accumulation, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress(693), and may be used for aging population in the prevention of various age-related neurological disorders(694).

3. Curcumin (from turmeric [Curcuma longa]), in pharmacological activities, besides promoted cognition and mood in a healthy older population(695), it also exhibited beneficial role in several neurodegenerative disorders(696) against administered streptozotocin (STZ)induced dementia model(696)(698), probably through its antioxidant effect(697). In Alzheimer's Disease, The herb also showed in reversed cognitive deficits, through its function in decreased GSK-3β levels(Glycogen synthase kinase 3, a protein) related to onset of Alzheimer's Disease(699)), and increased promoter activity of the TCF/LEF in binding DNA(600) and cyclin-D1(a protein) in regulating cell cycle progression(701).

4. Crocetin, a phytochemical found in Saffron (Crocus sativus), protected cerebrocortical and hippocampus neurons against ischemia, by improving spatial learning memory after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in animal study(703) through its antioxidant effects(704) in decreased oxidative stress(704). According to The University of Tokyo, the effectiveness of the herbal phytochemicals crocetin and crocin, also enhanced learning behaviour and promoted memory recall(705). In severe Alzheimer's Disease and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease patients, saffron extract showed to be comparable with memantine in reducing cognitive decline in 1 year(706) and reduce cognitive decline in 22 weeks administration(707), respectively.

Herbs
5. Ginseng (Panax species), showed to be beneficiary on age-related cognitive impairments
through the activities of its members of ginsenosides(708) and Non-ginsenoside nicotinic agents(709).

6. Sage (Salvia species), may also be used as a potential novel natural treatments for the relief of some diseases including dementia, according to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(710).

But according to Jodrell Laboratory, the use of such remedies in complex mixtures of different plants in traditional folk medicine may induce complication in interpretation of pharmacological activity and challenges for quality control(702).

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Sources
(682) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055633
(683) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20657497
(684) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17022438
(685) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359561
(686) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828945
(687) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624670
(688) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378710
(688) http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/424604_5
(689) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378710
(690) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206513
(691) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206513
(692) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24660032
(693) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525597
(694) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090994
(695) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25315300
(694) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25281824
(695) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277322
(696) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20026275
(697) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19705549
(698) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21195590
(699) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSK-3
(700) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF/LEF_family
(701) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin_D1
(702) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21639405
(703) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23988025
(704) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21774008
(705) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10815004
(706) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25163440
(707) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838862
(708) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189953
(709) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21639405
(710) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860730