Herbal Chickweed and Hepatitis

By Kyle J. Norton

Chickweed is a cool-season annual plant often eaten by chickens., genus S. media, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe. The herb has been used in herbal medicine to treat skin conditions, indigestion, eczema, cough, rashes, etc. and as astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary agent.

Chemical constituents(1)(2)
1. Igenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside
2. Apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside
3. Apigenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-beta-L-arabinopyranoside
4. Apigenin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside
5. Apigenin 6, 8-di-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside
6. Alkaloidal glycoside
7. Glucodichotomine B
8. Neolignan glycosides
9. Dichotomosides A, B, C, and D
10. Phenylpropanoid glycoside
11. Dichotomoside E
12. Saponins
13. Mucilage
14. PABA
15. Coumarin,
16. Flavonoids (rutin)
17. Hydroxycoumarin

Chickweed (Stellaria media (Linn.) Villars) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over 200 years, mainly for the treatment of dermatitis and other skin diseases. In the study to evaluated the  anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV),  using the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15, researched at the Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine indicated that the herbal  30 μg/mL SM-3 effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg after 6 days of treatment,  Consistent with the reduction in HBV antigens, SM-3 also reduced the level of HBV DNA in a dose-dependent manner(3). In support of the result, the ¹Siberian State Medical University, indicated a hepaprotective effect of the herb water-soluble polysaccharide fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg(4). In the evaluation of anti-hepatoma activity on five human liver-cancer cell lines, i.e. HepG2/C3A, SK-HEP-1, HA22T/VGH, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5, with 15 most common herbs used in Canada folk medicine, chickweed may be effective in portect the liver against the growth of all five cell lines, depending to further study validation(5).

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References
(1) [Studies on chemical constituents from stellaria media. I].[Article in Chinese] by Dong Q¹, Huang Y, Qiao SY.(PubMed)
(2) Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XIV. New glycosides of beta-carboline-type alkaloid, neolignan, and phenylpropanoid from Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata and their antiallergic activities by Morikawa T¹, Sun B, Matsuda H, Wu LJ, Harima S, Yoshikawa M.(PubMed
(3) Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] extracts in HepG2.2.15 cells by Ma L¹, Song J, Shi Y, Wang C, Chen B, Xie D, Jia X.(PubMed)
(4) Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of Stellaria media L. by Gorina YV¹, Saprykina EV, Gereng EA, Perevozchikova TV, Krasnov EA, Ivanova EV, Fait EA, Baranova OV.(PubMed)
(5) In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada by Lin LT¹, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC.(PubMed)
References

The best of Melon Me smoothie

Recipe contributed by Raw, Quick and delicious! 5 ingredient recipes in just 15 minutes by Douglas McNish, Published by Robert Rose. You can visit them at www.robertrose.ca
Drink this sweet smoothie first thing in the morning. the fiber in the melon will keep you feeling full until lunch hours.
Tips:
To ripen bananas quickly, place them in a paper bag with an uncut apple and tightly fold over the end of the bag. The apple will emit ethylene gas, which helps to speed ripening. Place the bag in a warm, dry area until the bananas are ripe.
To boost the protein content of your smoothie, try adding a scoop of your favorite protein powder -- I prefer hemp or sprouted brown rice protein. Both are available in natural foods store and well-stocked supermarket. Not all are raw, though, so be sure to read the labels.
1 cup chopped honeydew melon  250 mL
1/2 cup chopped cantaloupe  125 mL
1 banana  1
1 pitted date, chopped
1/4 cup filtered water 60mL
Dash raw vanilla extract  Dash
In a blender, combine honeydew, cantaloupe, banana, date, water and vanilla. Blend at high speed until smooth. Serve immediately. make 11/2 cups (375mL).
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The Quick and Healthy Five cup salad

Recipes attributed to Company Coming salad by Jean Pare

A great make from the shell salad. Quick, easy, tasty. Also known as Ambrosia Salad.
Canned mandarin orange, drained  10 Oz.  284 mL
Pineapple tidbits, drained 14 Oz. 398 mL
Coconut, medium or long thread 1 cup, 250 mL
Small marshmallows 1 cup, 250 mL
Sour cream  1 cup  250 mL
Red maraschino cherries whole or halves (optional)  6 - 10
Put all ingredients into bowl. Stir gently until well mixed. Turn into servi8ng dish. Decorate with cherries or mix the cherries in. Serve 6 to 8.

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Food therapy - Fennel as antioxidants

Fennel is a species of Foeniculum Vulgare, belonging to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), and native to the shores of the Mediterranean. It is now widely cultivated all around the globe to use as food and herb.
Nutritients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc

Chemical constituents(1)(2)
1. 1,3-benzenediol
2. 1-methoxycyclohexene
3. O-cymene
4. Sorbic acid,
5. 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
6. Estragole
7. Limonene-10-ol
8. 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
9. Linoleic acid
10. Oleic acid
11. Undecanal
12. 2,4-undecadienal
13. trans-Anethole
14. Fenchone
15. Limonen.
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
The comparison of commercial essential oils (EO) containing Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Cupressus sempervirens, Eucalyptus globulus, Foeniculum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris showed that  F. vulgare EOs is effective against lipid peroxidation(3). In support of the above, the University of Wyoming suggested that Fennel oils might have higher antioxidant capacity in distillation time (DT) depend-manner. DT can be used to obtain fennel essential oil with differential composition(4).
Some researchers suggested that the potent antioxidant properties of medicinal plants may depend on variety conditions such as environmental conditions, climatic and seasonal variations, geographical regions of growth, degree of ripeness, growing practices, and many other factors such as postharvest treatment and processing(5).

References
(1) Antimycobacterial activity of constituents from Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce grown in Mexico.by Esquivel-Ferriño PC¹, Favela-Hernández JM, Garza-González E, Waksman N, Ríos MY, del Rayo Camacho-Corona M.(PubMed)
(2) Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars by Shahat AA¹, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH, Saleh MA.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of Moroccan commercial essential oils by Aazza S, Lyoussi B, Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Vioque J, Figueiredo AC, Miguel MG.(PubMed)(4) Distillation time modifies essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant capacity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) by Zheljazkov VD¹, Horgan T, Astatkie T, Schlegel V.(PubMed)
(5) Antioxidant activity and protecting health effects of common medicinal plants.

Škrovánková S¹, Mišurcová L, Machů L.(PubMed)


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The best Summer smoothie recipe - Mango papaya lime smoothie

Recipe contributed by Raw, Quick and delicious! 5 ingredient recipes in just 15 minutes by Douglas McNish, Published by Robert Rose. You can visit them at www.robertrose.ca

This smoothie is a  tropical blend or juicy mango, ripe papaya and tart lime juice- perfect on warm-weather days.
Tips You can substitute hemp milk for nut milk
to peel and chop a mango cut a small slice from the top and bottom of the fruit to make flat end. Using a vegetable peeler, carefully peel away the skin. Stand the mango upright on a cutting board. Using a chef's knife, run the blade through the fresh, taking approximately three slices from each of 4 sides. When you are close to the stone use a paring knife to remove any remaining fresh from around the middle.
1 cup nut milk 250mL
1/2 cup chopped peeled mango  125 mL
1/2 cup chopped peeled papaya  125mL
3tbsp. freshly squeezed lime juice 45mL
Dash raw vanilla extract  Dash
In the blender, combine nut milk, mango, papaya, lime juice and vanilla. Blend at high speed until smooth. Serve immediately. Make 2 cups (500mL).
Variation: Substitute papaya with equal amount of chopped cantaloupe or additional mango.
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The Seasoning Soft fruit salad

Recipes attributed to Company Coming salad by Jean Pare

Definitely an in season salad. Try it when ingredients permit
Banana, peeled and sliced    2
Papaya, peeled and sliced  1
Mango, peeled and sliced    1
Kiwi fruit, peeled and sliced  2
Orange, section or sliced 1
Sliced almonds, toasted (See note)  1/2 cup, 125 mL
Maraschino cherry juice  2 tbsp., 30 mL
Vinegar  1 tbsp., 15 mL
Cooking oil  1tbsp., 15 mL
Granulated sugar 2 tbsp., 30 mL
Combine first 4 ingredients in bowl.
Put almond, cherry juice, vinegar, cooking oil and sugar in small bowl. Stir. Pour over fruits. Toss slightly. Serve 8.
Note: toast almonds in 360 degree F (175 degree C) oven until golden, about 5 minutes.
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Herbal Therapy - Chickweed and Obesity

Chickweed is a cool-season annual plant often eaten by chickens., genus S. media, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe. The herb has been used in herbal medicine to treat skin conditions, indigestion, eczema, cough, rashes, etc. and as astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary agent.

Chemical constituents(1)(2)
1. Igenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside
2. Apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside
3. Apigenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-beta-L-arabinopyranoside
4. Apigenin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside
5. Apigenin 6, 8-di-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside
6. Alkaloidal glycoside
7. Glucodichotomine B
8. Neolignan glycosides
9. Dichotomosides A, B, C, and D
10. Phenylpropanoid glycoside
11. Dichotomoside E
12. Saponins
13. Mucilage
14. PABA
15. Coumarin,
16. Flavonoids (rutin)
17. Hydroxycoumarin

Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
In progesterone-induced obesity model in female albino mice, conducted by the CMR College of Pharmacy, showed that Methanolic extract of S. media (MESM) inhibits the increase in body weight, adipose tissue weight and size, and upturned obesity and associated complications and may bebeneficial in suppression of obesity induced by progesterone(3). Other study suggested that the anti-obesity effects of Llyophilized juice extracted from the plant in high-fat-diet fed mice may be partly mediated through delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat and carbohydrate by inhibiting digestive enzymes(4).

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References
(a) [Studies on chemical constituents from stellaria media. I].[Article in Chinese] by Dong Q¹, Huang Y, Qiao SY.(PubMed)
(b) Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XIV. New glycosides of beta-carboline-type alkaloid, neolignan, and phenylpropanoid from Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata and their antiallergic activities by Morikawa T¹, Sun B, Matsuda H, Wu LJ, Harima S, Yoshikawa M.(PubMed)
(1) [Studies on chemical constituents from stellaria media. I].[Article in Chinese] by Dong Q¹, Huang Y, Qiao SY.(PubMed)
(2) Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XIV. New glycosides of beta-carboline-type alkaloid, neolignan, and phenylpropanoid from Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata and their antiallergic activities by Morikawa T¹, Sun B, Matsuda H, Wu LJ, Harima S, Yoshikawa M.(PubMed)
(3)Antiobesity effect of Stellaria media against drug induced obesity in Swiss albino mice by Chidrawar VR¹, Patel KN, Sheth NR, Shiromwar SS, Trivedi P.(PubMed)
(4) Quality assessment and anti-obesity activity of Stellaria media (Linn.) Vill by Rani N¹, Vasudeva N, Sharma SK.(PubMed)