Saturday, 7 June 2014

Phytochemical Sulforaphane (Dithiolthiones) and Breast cancer

Dithiolthiones are phytochemicals in the class of Organosulfides, found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, garden sorrel, horseradish, etc.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer started in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. There is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

The University of Michigan, insisted that ingestion of sulforaphane at a dose of 50 mg/kg  for 2 weeks inhibited breast cancer stem cells(1). According to Manipal University, Sulforaphane inhibited growth of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells, through induces apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects on MCF-7 cells via downregulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and COX-2 (involved inflammatory process) respectively(2). Also in testing of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, researchers at the The Catholic University of Korea, showed that sulforaphane induced the inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression(involved in keratinocyte migration and granulation tissue remodeling during wound healing) and cell invasion via the suppression of the NF-κB (involved in cellular responses)pathway in MCF-7 cells(3).

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References
(1) Sulforaphane, a dietary component of broccoli/broccoli sprouts, inhibits breast cancer stem cells by Li Y1, Zhang T, Korkaya H, Liu S, Lee HF, Newman B, Yu Y, Clouthier SG, Schwartz SJ, Wicha MS, Sun D.(PubMed)
(2) Sulforaphane inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells and augments the therapeutic index of the chemotherapeutic drug, gemcitabine by Hussain A1, Mohsin J, Prabhu SA, Begum S, Nusri Qel-A, Harish G, Javed E, Khan MA, Sharma C.(PubMed)
(3) Sulforaphane controls TPA-induced MMP-9 expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway, but not AP-1, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by Lee YR1, Noh EM, Han JH, Kim JM, Hwang BM, Kim BS, Lee SH, Jung SH, Youn HJ, Chung EY, Kim JS.(PubMed)
 

Vegetable Eggplant and Type II diabetes

Kyle J. Norton

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory. It is famous with its deeply purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.

Nutritional Supplements
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
7. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
8. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
9. Pantothenic acid (B5)
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate (Vitamin B9)
12. Vitamin C
13. Tryptophan
14. Manganese
15. Calcium
16. Copper
17. Iron
18. Magnesium
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Etc.

Chemical constituents
The vegetable chemical compounds containing include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin and other Polyphenolic compounds.

Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

According to University of Massachusetts, phenolic-enriched extracts of eggplant in moderation of free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, through inhibition of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension(1). Chlorogenic acids (CGAs (71 compounds), being esters of derivatives of cinnamic acids with quinic acid  found in many foods, including eggplant may be associated to reduce risk of human chronic diseases such as inflammation, diabetes(2).
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References
(1) In vitro studies of eggplant (Solanum melongena) phenolics as inhibitors of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension by Kwon YI1, Apostolidis E, Shetty K.(PubMed)
(2) n outlook on chlorogenic acids-occurrence, chemistry, technology, and biological activities by Upadhyay R1, Mohan Rao LJ.(PubMed)
 

The Broths: Beef stock

Recipe by 125 Best Chinese Recipe1 By Bill Jones and Stephen Wong (Robert Rose)
 
5 lb. beef bone a(shine or neck)
3 large onion, peeled and roughly chopped
3 carrots, roughly chopped
3 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
1/2 garlic head
1/2 cup tomato paste
3 bay leaves
1 small handful thyme
1 small handful rosemary
1 small handful marjoram
1 bunch parsley stalks
5 whole pepper corns
20 cups water
1, Pace bone in a pan and roast until lightly golden, about 2 hours. Add vegetables and garlic; roast 1 hour. Add tomato paste, stirring to coat. roast 30 minutes.
1. Place roast bones and vegetables in a large stockpot, add remain ingredients. Add more water, if necessary to cover. Bring mixture to a broil; reduce heat and simmer gently for 8 hours, skimming occasionally to remove any foam or impurities that rise to the top. Try not to let the mixture boil or broth will be cloudy.
2. Strain in to container and cool to room temperature before refrigerating. (If hot stock is placed directly in the fridge, it will sometime sour). for a more intensely flavored stock, let liquid cool; return stock to pot and over low heat, simmer until volume is reduced by half.
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The dressings: Enlightened Greek dressing

Recipe by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart, Fast home Cooking) by  Bruce  Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher Oxmoor House.



1 canned anchovy fillet
3 tsp. fresh lemon juice
21/2 tsp. olive oil
2 tsp. red wine vinegar
2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
1 tsp. dried oregano
1/4 tsp. fried dill
1/4 tsp. fresh ground black pepper
1 garlic cloves, pressed
Mash anchovy fillet in a small bowl with a fork. Add lemon juice and remaining ingredients, stirring with a whisker until blended. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to in week. Yield 1/2 cup (Serving size: 2 tsp.)

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Friday, 6 June 2014

The New study of Economic and Cosmetic skin solution for all Ages

By Kyle J. Norton

If No accidence, I am going to publish an easy home made antioxidant effectively stimulated collagen, removed pigmentation, tactile roughness, rejuvenated skin, protected against and removed liver spots and all type of Acnes, white head, black head, etc. through our 2 months of study with support of studies from renowned institutions. It will keep your skin healthy and looked many years younger than your biological age. It will cost you $5 to $10 to fund our ongoing project.

The abstract has been written. It may be a new break through in cosmetic studies. A economic solution for all ages(2014/06/06).
I will be happy to listen to your comments on the pricing.

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Herbal chamomile and Anxiety disorder

Kylr J. Norton
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.

Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).

Herbal chamomile and anxiety disorder
According to the Canadian mental health association, Anxiety disordered is a result of a combination of biological, psychological, and other individual factors(1a).
Anxiety is the most commonly reported psychiatric conditions and frequently occur as comorbid disorders.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) showed to effective of modest anxiolytic activity with patient mild to moderate GAD(1). The University of Ottawa study insisted at Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Humulus lupulus (hops) showed significant inhibition of GAD activity at doses of 0.11-0.65 mg/mL(2). The study containing 57 participants in the 2009 trial, 19 had anxiety with comorbid depression; 16 had anxiety with a past history of depression; and 22 had anxiety with no current or past depression, chamomile showed a clinically meaningful antidepressant activity to its previously observed anxiolytic activity(3). Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, in in mice study, exerted its anxiolytic and slight sedative effects through the central benzodiazepine receptors(4).
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References
(a) Guaianolides and volatile compounds in chamomile tea by Tschiggerl C1, Bucar F.(PubMed)
(b) Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-UV-MS and use of partial least-square discriminant analysis to differentiate chemo-types of Chamomile/Chrysanthemum flower heads by Avula B1, Wang YH, Wang M, Avonto C, Zhao J, Smillie TJ, Rua D, Khan IA.(PubMed)
(1a) Anxiety disorder(Canadian mental health association)
(1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder by Amsterdam JD1, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Awad R1, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT.(PubMed)
(3) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study by Amsterdam JD1, Shults J, Soeller I, Mao JJ, Rockwell K, Newberg AB.(PubMed

The Mayonnaise - Roasted red bell pepper aioli

Recipe by Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart, Fast home Cooking) by  Bruce  Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher Oxmoor House.

This version of aioli is made with prepared mayonnaise . a sort of simplified take on the preceding recipe
3 garlic cloves, peeled
1/2 cup free mayonnaise
1/2 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. crushed red pepper
1 (7 ounces) bottle roast red bell peppers, drained, rinsed and patted fry
Drop garlic through food chute withfood processor on. Process until finely minced. Add remaining ingredients and process until well combined. Stor, in a tight container in refrigerator for up to1 week. Yield 1 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
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