By Kyle J. Norton
Epidemiological studies. linking herbal medicine in reduced risk of
breast cancer have produced inconstant results. It may be caused by
agendas of the originated sources, length of time or following guide
lines loosely. Breast cancer widespread in women in Southeast Asian as a
result of over 2 decades of economic prosperity has caused major
concerns in the governments and scientific communities. Emerged
suggestions in searching effective treatments in herbal medicine are
ongoing, but discover an effective prevention and treatment with little
or no side effects has proven difficult. According to statistic, one in
8 women will be diagnosed to carry some breast cancer tissues sometimes
in their life time. Detections of tumor genesis through self
observation are still the best approach to cure breast cancer in early
stage but reduction of the mortality has not been accounted even with
extensively modern technology in the field of diagnosis as well as
insurance protection in Western world, needless to say of counties which
have little.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast.
1. Anise
Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum,
genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt
and the Mediterranean region. The popular herb has been used in
traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth
fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, carminative,
digestive, expectorant, stimulant and tonic agent and to treat
head-lice, mites, increase blood pressure, prevent formation of gas
in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps, etc.
Anethole, a major chemical compound in Anise, in MTT and colony
formation assays, showed to exhibit anti ER+ and ER breast
cancer through suppression of cell survival to cell proliferation and
induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 at an optimal
concentration of 1 × 10(-3)M by activating immune response in tumor
inhibition(1). Epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methyl butyrate isolated from Pimpinella
corymbosa, inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 and BT-549
cells by blocking NF-kappaB(in inflammation, immunity, cell
proliferation and apoptosis) transcriptional activity through induced
cell cycle arrest in G(1)/G(0)(Cell cycle) phase and apoptosis(2). Also
in the study of selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs, Pimpinella anisum in a series of in vitro, exhibited antiestrogenic effect on breast cancer cells of MCF-7(3).
2. Burdock
Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in China and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.
Lignin, a
chemical constituent in burdock inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell growth by
inducing apoptosis through the cell cycle and cell proliferation
(ROS/p38 MAPK) pathway and up regulation of (regulator proteins that
regulate cell death) Bcl-2 by enhancing antibody antigens(4). Also, in
Arctiin in Burdock inhibited the growth of breast caner cells through
down-regulation of cell cycle progression cyclin D1 protein
expression(5). Actiin metabolites found in Burdock in the study by the
Fourth Military Medical University, in China, showed an
inhibited activity on estradiol-mediated proliferation of MCF-7 cells at
a concentration of 10 microM(6).
3. Cascara sagrada
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus,
belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America,
it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal
support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Emodin, a chemical compound in Cascara sagrada,
showed to reverse the multi-drug resistance in MCF-7/Adr cells
and down-regulate ERCC1(the repair of DNA) protein expression(7) and
suppress the proliferation of BCap-37 cells, through the decreased
Bcl-2 level(regulate cell death), or induced apoptosis of breast cancer
cells by increased expression Bax(involved in p53-mediated apoptosis)
and cytosolic(liquid found inside cells) cytochrome c(Protein in the
inner membrane of mitochondrial)), on a concentration-and time-dependent
manner(8), or through disruption (Bad translocation) of the
mitochondrial signaling pathway in BCap-37 cells(9).
4. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to
the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia. The herb has
been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic,
colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence,
bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
Curcumin a common spice and the well-known chemopreventive agent in
Turmeric, inhibited the level of telomerase gene expression(produces
vulnerability of cancer cells) in breast cells treated(10). Its
synthetic version, an ortho-hydroxy substituted analog of curcumin
(BDMC-A) inhibited MCF-7 at a dose equivalent to that of curcumin (30μM)
on the modulation of selective anti tumorenegtic markers (intrinsic
pathway: p53, Bcl-2, Bax, cyt c, Apaf-1, caspase-9, 3, PARP; extrinsic
pathway: FasL, caspase 8) and ROS (reactive oxygen
species) mediation(11). In MDA-MB-231 and BT-483 breast cancer
cells, curcumin exhibited the anti-proliferation effect, through
lowering the expression of cyclin D1(involved in regulating cell cycle
progression) and MMP1 mRNA(involved in the breakdown of extracellular
matrix in normal physiological processes and disease processes)(12).
5. Basil
Basil is a species of Ocimum basilicumm, belonging to the family
Lamiaceae. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat cold and
flu, coughing, calming the stomach, headache, etc..
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions (HB and HL) in Basil, exhibited anti tumor
growth by decreased in basement membrane disintegration, angiogenesis
and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in in multiple stages of cancer
progression(13).Aqueous OG leaf extract in other study, inhibited
proliferation, migration, anchorage independent growth, 3D growth and
morphogenesis(the biological process of breast cancer) and induction of
COX-2 protein(overexpression in breast cancer cells results in increased cell motility and invasion) in breast cancer cells(14).
6. Green Tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food
with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis,
undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.
Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and
used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for
commercial purposes all over the world.
Mushoom G. lucidum extract (GLE) has been used for the promotion of health, longevity and treatment of cancer. Combination of green tea
(GTE) enhanced the effect of G. lucidum extract (GLE) in anti breast
cancer cells proliferation (anchorage-dependent growth) through the
down-regulation of expression of oncogene c-myc (frequently altered in human cancers) in MDA-MB-231 cells(15). In green tea
polyphenols (GTPs), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) induced
apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of metastasis in tumor
cells(16). Unfortunately, in the study of Green tea consumption and breast caner risk in Japanese women, showed that a green tea consumption is not associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer(17).
7. Red clover
Red Clover is a short-lived perennial plant, in the genus Trifolium, belonging to the family Fabaceae, native to to
Europe, Western Asia and northwest Africa. The herb has been used in
traditional medicine as diuretic and liver cleansing agent and to treat
cancer, whooping cough, respiratory problems, and skin inflammations,
etc.
Formononetin, a major compound in Red clover, inactivated
IGF1/IGF1R-PI3K/Akt (tumorenegtic) pathways and decreased cyclin D1
mRNA(regulating cell cycle progression) and protein expression in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo(18) and through Ras inhibited p38MAPK pathway(19). Unfortunately, in the study of Soy, red clover, and isoflavones and breast cancer, suggest that red clover may not possess breast cancer-promoting effects(20).
8. Black cohosh
Black cohosh (known as both Actaea racemosa and Cimicifuga racemosa), a
member of is a perennial plant, belonging to the family buttercup,
native to North America. The herb has been used in herbal medicine to
treat symptoms of menopause, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), painful
menstruation, acne, osteoporosis, and for starting labor in pregnant
women.
Triterpene glycoside actein from black cohoch showed to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells and induced a dose dependent release of calcium into the cytoplasm(fluid protoplasm)
by altering the activity of the ER
IP3(messenger) receptor and Na,K-ATPase(enzyme pumps sodium out of
cells)(21). In Female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with an extract of black cohosh
enriched in triterpene glycosides (27%), showed an inhibition of
fibroadenomas by reduced Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression.(22).
9. Echinacea
Enchinanea also known as purple coneflowers, is a flowering plant of the genus Enchinanea, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to eastern
and central North America. The herb has been used in traditional and
herbal medicine to treat or prevent colds, flu, infections by
stimulating the immune function, etc..
Cynarine, a chemical compound in Enchinanen affected cell proliferation on HeLa cells and
antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells(23).
10. Parsley
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a biennial flowering plant, genus Petroselinum, belonging to the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic
agent, and to release spasms, reduce inflammation, clear toxins,
enhance the digestion and stimulate uterus, regulate menstrual cycle,
treat edema, etc..
Parley alcoholic seed extract (PSA) and seed oil (PSO) of Petroselinum
sativum significantly reduced cell viability, and altered the cellular
morphology of MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner(24).
Carnosol found in parsley, and others herbs such as rosemary, sage, targeted multiple deregulated pathways associated with inflammation and cancer(25).
11. Rosemary
Rosemary is a perennial
herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves, the genus
Rosmarinus, belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Its fresh and dried
leaves has been used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine
and as flavor foods while barbecuing. Rosemary has been used in
traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antioxidant, and antispasmodic
agent to treat circulatory problem, eczema, rheumatism, muscle pain,
etc.
Carnosic acid isolated from Rosemary, showed to inhibit proliferation of ER-negative human breast cancer cells and induces G1 cell cycle arrest(26). Other in the study of rosemary
extract, carnosol, carnosic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid
suppressed the development of tumors in several organs including
breasts(27). In MDA-MB-231, Rosmarinus officinalis had superior
antiproliferative effect without induced toxicity(28).
12. Peppermint
Peppermint is a hybrid mint with small purple or white flowers
and downy leaves, in the genus Mentha, belonging to the family
Lamiaceae, native to to Europe. The herb has been used in folk medicine
as analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, decongestant, agent and to
relieve gas, nausea, and stomach pain due to an irritable bowel,
intestinal cramps, or indigestion, infecttion, etc.
Dried aqueous extractsform Mentha piperita (ExMp) showed cytotoxicity, against MCF-7 with the least toxicity(29).
13. Thyme
Thyme is a genus of Thymus, belonging to the family Lamiaceae,
native to Europe and North Africa. The herb has been used in flok
nedicine to treat bronchitis, whooping cough, sore throat, colic,
arthritis, upset stomach, stomach pain (gastritis), diarrhea,
bedwetting, etc..
Thyme extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer
cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231)(30)(31). In the study in comparison of
some herbs for their effects in human prostate carcinoma cell (PC-3),
human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, thyme essential oil exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity towards the above three human cancer cells(32).
14. Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a
species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native
to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese
medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure
cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc..
In a case-control study of 345 patients with dietary history
questionnaire consisted of a self-administered food frequency
questionnaire, showed breast cancer risk was shown to decrease as increased consumption of garlic and onions(33). In breast cancer cells MCF-7 and
MCF-7(ras), aged garlic
extract (AGE) and two of its components, S-allylcysteine (SAC), and
S-allyl-mercaptocysteine (SAMC) showed anti-proliferative response due to the alteration in
glutathione(antioxidants) level
without significant concurrent changes in the glutathione metabolizing
enzymes(34). In a breast-cancer cell line
(MCF-7), Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a chemical component in garlic,
induced phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer
leaflet of the plasma membrane and activates caspase(mechanisms of
apoptosis)-3. DADS also modulated the cellular levels of Bax, Bcl-2,
Bcl-xL,
and Bcl-w (induced apoptosis), in a dose-dependent manner(35).
15. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is oldest living
tree species, genus Ginkgo, belonging to the family Ginkgoaceae, native
to China, from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of
north America. It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in
treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory
disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and
bedwetting.
Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) used
conjunction with Tamoxifen (TAM) in female Sprague-Dawley (SD)
rats, showed a slightly beneficial effect on the therapeutic efficacy of
TAM in female SD breast cancer bearing rats(36). In the experiment of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) effected against MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell line, showed that cytotoxicity effects of GBE in MDA-MB-231 lead to DNA
fragmentation at high concentrations (500 and 1,000 μg/ml). activated the Caspase-3 and mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes
(Bcl-2 and Bax)(37). In the study of Antiestrogenic activities of extract of Ginkgo biloba,
showed an reduced E2 levels by stimulating the E2 metabolism and
inhibiting E2 synthesis.(38).
16. Reishi Mushroom
Reishi mushroom or Lingzhi is a fungal species in the genus
Ganoderma, belonging to the family Ganodermataceae, native to Asia. The
herb has been use in traditional medicine as anti-caners and anti
inflammatory, antioxidant agent and to enhance immune function, treat
hepatitis B virus, protect against neuron degeneration, etc..
In Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC), with
overexpress E-cadherin (plays an important role in the growth,
development and the intercellular adhesion of epithelial cells) and the
eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI)(an essential protein that is the target for translational regulation in many cellular processes), Reishi showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, mTOR(cell proliferation), eIF4G, and p70S6K(cell growth and G1 cell cycle progression) and cell regulation activities(activity of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2))(39). In the study of the same, Reishi showed to inhibited the expression of genes involved in cancer
cell survival and proliferation (BCL-2, TERT, PDGFB) of invasion and
metastasis breast cancer cells(MMP-9)(40). An ethanol-soluble and acidic
component (ESAC) prepared from Reishi reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a
concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) of about 100 μg/mL and 60
μg/mL, respectively through effectively mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and exhibited apoptosis(41).
17. Grape Seed Extract
Grape Seed Extract is the commercial extracts from whole grape seeds that contains many concentrations, including vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins(OPCs), etc..The
herb has been used in traditional medicine as antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory agents and to treat skin wounds with less scarring,
allergies, macular degeneration, arthritis, enhance circulation of blood
vessels, lower cholesterol, etc.
In highly metastatic MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line, grape seed extract
(GSE)showed the effectiveness in cell proliferation and apoptosis
through decreased cell migration and invasion, likely by suppressing the
β-catenin((plays an important role in the growth, development and the
intercellular adhesion of epithelial cells) expression and localization,
fascin(cell motility and migration) and NF-κB((a transcription factor
that has crucial roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and
apoptosis) expression(42). Proanthocyanidin, other chemical constituent in
grape seeds, showed to suppress precancerous cellular carcinogenesis
through down regulated gene expression of cytochrome-P450 enzymes CYP1A1
and CYP1B1(carcinogenic intermediates)(43). In breast cancer cell MCF-7, Grape seed extract
inhibited the proliferation and downregulated the gene expression of
survivin(baculoviral inhibitor)through through arresting the cell cycle
in S phase((synthesis phase for DNA reduplication))(44)
18. Dandelion
Dandelion is a herbaceous
perennial plant, genus Taraxacum, beloning to the family Asteraceae,
native to temperate regions of the world. It has been used in
traditional and herbal medicine to treat gout, eczema, acne, gall
bladder, kidney, liver and urinary disorders, hypoglycemia, dyspepsia
with constipation, edema, blood pressure and heart weakness, chronic
joint, skin diseases, etc.
Aqueous extracts extracts (DRE), from
the mature leaves, flowers and roots of dandelion were investigated for
the effects in tumor progression in related processes such as
proliferation and invasion, only the crude extract of dandelion leaf (DLE) showed to decrease the growth of MCF-7/AZ breast cancer
cells in an ERK(transmits signals from many extracellular agents to
regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and
cell cycle progression)(45)-dependent manner(46).
19. Ginseng
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus
Panax, belonging to the family Araliaceae. Depending to the climate
where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng
Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng
(root).
The investigation of Ginseng effects in a cohort of 1,455 breast cancer patients recruited to the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study between August 1996 and March 1998 in Shanghai, China showed that Ginseng use after cancer
diagnosis, particularly current use, improved quality of life and
reduced risk of death(47). In breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells,
Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts
activated the ERα and ERβ (Estrogen receptor alpha and Beta) through
regulating the mRNA levels of estrogen-responsive genes such as pS2 and
ESR1 to decreased the protein level of ERα. Also Ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng decreased the survival of breast cancer cells by induction of apoptosis and G1(cell cycle) phase arrest and inhibited the growth of breast cancer xenografts(a graft obtained from breast cancer cells
of one species and transplanted to a member of another species) in
vivo(49) and inhibited MDM2(an oncoprotein that controls tumorigenesis)
expression at both transcriptional(gene expression at the RNA) and post-translational levels in human breast cancer cells with various p53(cellular tumor antigen) statuses(49).
20. Hawthorn
Hawthorn is a shrubs and trees
of the genus Crataegus, belonging to the family Rosaceae, native to
temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North
America. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat heart
disease and symptoms of heart diseases such as irregular heartbeat,
high blood pressure, chest pain, hardening of the arteries, etc.,
circulatory disorders and respiratory illnesses.
In in human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, peel polyphenolic extract (HPP) and flesh polyphenolic extract (HFP) from hawthorn
fruit although HPP was more effective against MCF-7 cells than HFP,
both HPP and HFP interfereed the cell-cycle arrest at the S-phase, and
also dose-dependently led to apoptosis of MCF-7 cells via the
mitochondrial pathway(inner mitochondrial membrane), by
the mechanism of apoptosis of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the elevation
of intracellular ROS(reactive oxygen species) production(50).
21. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra)
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) is
also known as sweetwood, a genus Glycyrrhiza, belonging to the
family Fabaceae, native to the Mediterranean and certain areas of Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin
diseases, coughs, constipation, bronchitis, inflammation, arthritis,
etc..
Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen from licorice,
induced growth inhibition and apoptosis through downregulating multiple
key enzymes in AA metabolic network(inflammatory mediators) and the
deactivation of anti-apoptosis and increased cell
proliferation(PI3K/Akt) in human breast cancer(51). Licochalcone E (LicE), other phenolic constituent of licorice,
in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited cell migration and invasion
and downregulated the expression of proliferative and anti apoptotic
pathways and unregulated secretion of cell proliferation inhibitor(52).
Ethanol extract of roasted licorice (rLE) found to be effective in inhibition of breast cancer-mediated
bone destruction by suppressing receptor activator of nuclear factor
κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in BMMs(bone
marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs)(53).
22, Oregano
Oregano is a perennial herb with aromatic and balsamic flavor, of the genus Origanum in the family Lamiaceae, native to western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal, and anti-viral agent and to treat skin burns, cuts and
bruises, sore throat, asthma, colds, coughs and flu, etc.
Carvacrol, a chemical constituent in Oregano showed the anti-tumor effects on human metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB 231 through down regulated the function of mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells(54). In breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, Origanum acutidens (OA) extracts showed cytotoxicity on all 3 cancer
cell lines through expression of Annexin-positive cells level in
OA-treated cell lines and caspase-7 (transduction pathways of apoptosis,
necrosis and inflammation) protein and TUNEL-positive (indication of
apoptosis and accidental cell death) cells(55). In the investigation of
essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum), showed that ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) are effective in ambition against human breast cancer cells (MCF7)(56).
23. Rhubarb
Rhubarb is a small flower grouped with large compound leafy in the the genus Rheum,
belonging to the family Polygonaceae. The herb has been used in
traditional medicine as laxative agent, reduce inflammation and treat
diarrhea, dysentery blood clots, tumor red and painful eyes
abdominal-distention and/or pain blood in stool hemorrhoidal bleeding
urination: burning sensation, absence of menses, etc.
Anthraquinones emodin and aloe-emodin chemical constituents in rhubarb, both inhibited breast cancer
cell proliferation by downregulating ER α protein levels in suppressing
ER α transcriptional activation(57). Study of combined curcumin and
emodin administration showed the inhibition of proliferation (MTT
assay), survival (flow cytometry), and invasion (transwell migration
assay) of breast cancer cells(58). Rhein,
a anthraquinone derivatives, showed antiproliferative and apoptotic
effects on both HER2-overexpressing MCF-7 (MCF-7/HER2) and control
vector MCF-7 (MCF-7/VEC) cells(59).
24. Cat's claw
Cat's claw found in in the tropical
jungles of South and Central America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to
the family Rubiaceae. It has been used in traditional medicine over two
thousand years as a tonic, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory and
infectious agent, and to treat diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne,
diabetes, cancer and diseases of the urinary tract, etc..
Extracts and chromatographic fractions of
the Cat's claw, exerted a direct antiproliferative activity on MCF7,
with an IC50 of 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively.60). Also, pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid
mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark, using
cyclophosphamide and vincristine as reference controls, showed to
inhibit the growth of both human sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner(60).
Epidemiologically, the
list above has been proven to be effective in reducing risk and
treatment of breast cancer through lowering the gene expression of
protein in mitochondrial activation of
proliferative and anti apoptotic, down regulating tumorgenic and up
regulating anticancer pathways. Once again, please
consult your herbal specialist before applying and inform your doctor,
if you are currently taking any prescribed medicine.
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References
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(3) Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator
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(16)Downstream Carcinogenesis Signaling Pathways by Green Tea Polyphenols: A Translational Perspective of Chemoprevention and Treatment for Cancers by Hu G, Zhang L, Rong Y, Ni X, Sun Y.(PubMed)
(17) Green tea consumption and breast cancer
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(18) Formononetin induces cell cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells via IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathways in vitro and in vivo by Chen J, Zeng J, Xin M, Huang W, Chen X.(PubMed)
(19)Formononetin-induced apoptosis by activation of Ras/p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells by Chen J, Sun L.(PubMed)
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(24) Anticancer activity of Petroselinum sativum seed extracts on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by Farshori NN, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Siddiqui MA.(PubMed)
(25) Carnosol: a promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by Johnson JJ.(PubMed)
(26) Carnosic acid inhibits the growth of ER-negative human breast cancer cells and synergizes with curcumin by Einbond LS, Wu HA, Kashiwazaki R, He K, Roller M, Su T, Wang X, Goldsberry S.(PubMed)
(27) Rosemary and cancer prevention: preclinical perspectives by Ngo SN, Williams DB, Head RJ.(PubMed)
(28) Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines by Yesil-Celiktas O, Sevimli C, Bedir E, Vardar-Sukan F.(PubMed)
(29) Cytotoxic impact of phenolics from Lamiaceae species on human breast cancer cells by Berdowska I, Zieliński B, Fecka I, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, Gamian A.(PubMed)
(30) Effects of Thymus serpyllum extract on cell proliferation, apoptosis and epigenetic events in human breast cancer cells by Bozkurt E, Atmaca H, Kisim A, Uzunoglu S, Uslu R, Karaca B.(PubMed)
(31) Cytotoxic impact of phenolics from Lamiaceae species on human breast cancer cells by Berdowska I, Zieliński B, Fecka I, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, Gamian A.(PubMed)
(32) Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells by Zu Y, Yu H, Liang L, Fu Y, Efferth T, Liu X, Wu N.(PubMed)
(33) Garlic, onion and cereal fibre as protective factors for breast cancer: a French case-control study by Challier B, Perarnau JM, Viel JF.(PubMed)
(34) Antiproliferative effects of garlic constituents in cultured human breast-cancer cells by Li G, Qiao C, Lin R, Pinto J, Osborne M, Tiwari R.(PubMed)
(35) Diallyl disulfide-induced apoptosis in a breast-cancer cell line (MCF-7) may be caused by inhibition of histone deacetylation by Altonsy MO, Habib TN, Andrews SC.(PubMed)
(36) Effects of Ginkgo biloba on chemically-induced mammary tumors in rats receiving tamoxifen by Dias MC, Furtado KS, Rodrigues MA, Barbisan LF.(PubMed)
(37) Chemopreventive effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in estrogen-negative human breast cancer cells by Park YJ, Kim MJ, Kim HR, Yi MS, Chung KH, Oh SM.(PubMed)
(38) Antiestrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts by Oh SM, Chung KH.(PubMed)
(39) Anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) in inflammatory breast cancer
in in vivo and in vitro models by Suarez-Arroyo IJ, Rosario-Acevedo R,
Aguilar-Perez A, Clemente PL, Cubano LA, Serrano J, Schneider RJ,
Martínez-Montemayor MM.(PubMed)
(40) Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) inhibits cancer cell growth and expression of key molecules in inflammatory breast cancer by Martínez-Montemayor MM, Acevedo RR, Otero-Franqui E, Cubano LA, Dharmawardhane SF.(PubMed)
(41) Ganoderma lucidum extract induces G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by Wu G, Qian Z, Guo J, Hu D, Bao J, Xie J, Xu W, Lu J, Chen X, Wang Y.(PubMed)
(42)Grape seed extract suppresses MDA-MB231 breast cancer
cell migration and invasion by Dinicola S, Pasqualato A, Cucina A,
Coluccia P, Ferranti F, Canipari R, Catizone A, Proietti S, D'Anselmi F,
Ricci G, Palombo A, Bizzarri M.(PubMed)
(43)Grape seed proanthocyanidin suppression of breast
cell carcinogenesis induced by chronic exposure to combined
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene by
Song X, Siriwardhana N, Rathore K, Lin D, Wang HC.(PubMed)
(44)[Grape seed extract inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cell MCF-7 and decrease the gene expression of survivin].[Article in Chinese] by Chen C, Liu C, Zhang J, Yang Q, Teng F.(PubMed)
(45) The extracellular signal-regulated kinase: multiple substrates regulate diverse cellular functions by Yoon S, Seger R.(PubMed)
(46) Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer
cells by Sigstedt SC, Hooten CJ, Callewaert MC, Jenkins AR, Romero AE,
Pullin MJ, Kornienko A, Lowrey TK, Slambrouck SV, Steelant WF.(PubMed)
(47) Association of ginseng use with survival and quality of life among breast cancer patients by Cui Y, Shu XO, Gao YT, Cai H, Tao MH, Zheng W.(PubMed)
(48) Estrogen receptor is activated by korean red ginseng in vitro but not in vivo by Shim MK, Lee YJ.(PubMed)
(49)Natural product ginsenoside 25-OCH3-PPD inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through down-regulating MDM2 by Wang W, Zhang X, Qin JJ, Voruganti S, Nag SA, Wang MH, Wang H, Zhang R.(PubMed)
(50) Differential effects of polyphenols-enriched extracts from hawthorn fruit peels and fleshes on cell cycle and apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells by Li T, Zhu J, Guo L, Shi X, Liu Y, Yang X.(PubMed)
(51) Isoliquiritigenin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis through
downregulating arachidonic acid metabolic network and the deactivation
of PI3K/Akt in human breast cancer by Li Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zheng H, Yu W, Chai H, Zhang J, Falck JR, Guo AM, Yue J, Peng R, Yang J.(PubMed)
(52) Licochalcone E present in licorice suppresses lung metastasis in the 4T1 mammary orthotopic cancer model. by Kwon SJ, Park SY, Kwon GT, Lee KW, Kang YH, Choi MS, Yun JW, Jeon JH, Jun JG, Park JH.(PubMed)
(53)The Inhibitory Effect of Roasted Licorice Extract on Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell-Induced Bone Destruction by Lee SK, Park KK, Park JH, Lim SS, Chung WY.(PubMed)
(54)Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231 by Arunasree KM(PubMed)
(55) Antitumor effects of Origanum acutidens extracts on human breast cancer by Tuncer E, Unver-Saraydin S, Tepe B, Karadayi S, Ozer H, Karadayi K, Inan D, Elagoz S, Polat Z, Duman M, Turan M.(PubMed)
(56)Oregano: chemical analysis and
evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities by
El Babili F, Bouajila J, Souchard JP, Bertrand C, Bellvert F, Fouraste
I, Moulis C, Valentin A.(PubMed).
(57)Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition by Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(58) Synergistic effects of curcumin with emodin against the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer
cells through upregulation of miR-34a by Guo J, Li W, Shi H, Xie X, Li
L, Tang H, Wu M, Kong Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu P, Wei W, Xie X.(PubMed)
(59)Rhein induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by Chang CY, Chan HL, Lin HY, Way TD, Kao MC, Song MZ, Lin YJ, Lin CW.(PubMed)
(60)The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line by Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C(PubMed)
(60)Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline
isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines by García Giménez D, García Prado E, Sáenz Rodríguez T, Fernández Arche A, De la Puerta R.(PubMed).
Sunday, 2 February 2014
Phytochemical Piperine and allergic effect
Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system resistance against viruses and bacteria attacks.
The effects
In picryl chloride (PC)-induced ear swelling in PC sensitized mice, PN-ext exhibited its histamine release inhibitory activity, in vitro on compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Piperine (4.5 and 2.25 mg/kg) orally administered 5 times a week for 8 weeks in a murine model of asthma, showed an effectiveness in suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness by sinduced the production of interleukin-4, interleukin-5(white blood cells expression), immunoglobulin E and histamine.
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References
(1) Histamine release inhibitory activity of Piper nigrum leaf by Hirata N, Naruto S, Inaba K, Itoh K, Tokunaga M, Iinuma M, Matsuda H.(PubMed)
(2) Piperine inhibits eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing T cell activity and Th2 cytokine production in the ovalbumin-induced asthma model by Kim SH, Lee YC.
Phytochemical Allicin and hyper cholesterol
Allicin is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.
The health benefits
Evidences emerging that allicin may not only benefit in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease but also lower the blood cholesterol. In the study of the effect of allicin on hypercholesterolemia in male ICR mice, the chemical constituent of garlic showed a positive effect not only in reducing blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels, hepatic cholesterol storage, but also decreasing appetite daily. Other in the study of the same but with rat fed with high cholesterol diet, showed a reduction of blood cholesterol, triglycerides levels and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats. These result showed that allicin may be considered as a potent agent in treating hypercholesterol in the future.
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References
(1) Cholesterol-lowering effect of allicin on hypercholesterolemic ICR mice, Lu Y, He Z, Shen X, Xu X, Fan J, Wu S, Zhang D.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet by Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, Khanafer RM, Mustafa T.(PubMed)
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.
The health benefits
Evidences emerging that allicin may not only benefit in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease but also lower the blood cholesterol. In the study of the effect of allicin on hypercholesterolemia in male ICR mice, the chemical constituent of garlic showed a positive effect not only in reducing blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels, hepatic cholesterol storage, but also decreasing appetite daily. Other in the study of the same but with rat fed with high cholesterol diet, showed a reduction of blood cholesterol, triglycerides levels and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats. These result showed that allicin may be considered as a potent agent in treating hypercholesterol in the future.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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References
(1) Cholesterol-lowering effect of allicin on hypercholesterolemic ICR mice, Lu Y, He Z, Shen X, Xu X, Fan J, Wu S, Zhang D.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet by Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, Khanafer RM, Mustafa T.(PubMed)
Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Prostate cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of
buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to
western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine
for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Prostate cancer is defined as a
condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing
abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body.
Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and
prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada
include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A,
B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones
palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Aloe-emodin, a chemical constituent found in
Cascara Sagrada is found to inhibit both proliferation and
anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells by targeting mTORC2. Other
major compound of emodin, in the study of its effective
on prostate and lung cancers, showed to inhibit proliferation, induced
apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, impede metastasis, and enhance
chemotherapy as a novel blocker of CXCR4 expression of cancers.
References
(1) Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate
cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2 by Liu K, Park C, Li S, Lee KW,
Liu H, He L, Soung NK, Ahn JS, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim BY, Dong Z.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate
and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine
receptor CXCR4 by Ok S, Kim SM, Kim C, Nam D, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS,
Choi SH, Ahn KS.(PubMed)
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Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidants
Cruciferous vegetables are the group of
vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower,
cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli etc..
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Nutrients and chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Dietary fiber
4. Omega 3 fatty acid
5. Protein
6. Beta-carotene
7. Lutein and
8. Zeaxanthin
9. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
10. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
11. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
12. Pantothenic acid (B5)
13. Vitamin B6
14. Folate (Vit. B9)
15. Vitamin C
16. Calcium
17. Tryptophan
18. Iron
19. Magnesium
20. Phosphorus
21.Potassium
22. Zinc
23. Etc.
Its chemical constutuents include glucosinolates, dithiolthiones, indoles , glucoraphanin, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, etc..
The benefits
Isothiocyanates, the major phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and watercress, have been studied extensively for its chemopreventive properties, as it enhances the detoxification processes in preventing the initial activation of abnormal cell growth, including human cervical cancer cells, human pancreatic cancer cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human ovarian cancer cells. More evidences emerged to suggest that ITCs may not only prevent cancer initiation by altering carcinogen metabolism but also inhibit post-initiation cancer development by suppressing the process of tumor progression. Isothiocyanates, the may be chemopreventive agent also interacted with glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) to the process of cell detoxification. These results suggested that Isothiocyanates, may be the potential; agent in preventing and treating cancers.
The Side effects1. People who has over production of IgM immunoglobulins which makes blood thicken should talk to their doctor before taking high amount of broccoli.
2. Allergic reaction??
3. Etc.
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(1) Cancer chemoprevention with dietary isothiocyanates mature for clinical translational research by Singh SV, Singh K.(PubMed)
(2) Organ-specific exposure and response to sulforaphane, a key chemopreventive ingredient in broccoli: implications for cancer prevention by Veeranki OL, Bhattacharya A, Marshall JR, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(3) The anti-oxidant properties of isothiocyanates: a review by de Figueiredo SM, Filho SA, Nogueira-Machado JA, Caligiorne RB.(PubMed)
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Nutrients and chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Dietary fiber
4. Omega 3 fatty acid
5. Protein
6. Beta-carotene
7. Lutein and
8. Zeaxanthin
9. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
10. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
11. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
12. Pantothenic acid (B5)
13. Vitamin B6
14. Folate (Vit. B9)
15. Vitamin C
16. Calcium
17. Tryptophan
18. Iron
19. Magnesium
20. Phosphorus
21.Potassium
22. Zinc
23. Etc.
Its chemical constutuents include glucosinolates, dithiolthiones, indoles , glucoraphanin, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, etc..
The benefits
Isothiocyanates, the major phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and watercress, have been studied extensively for its chemopreventive properties, as it enhances the detoxification processes in preventing the initial activation of abnormal cell growth, including human cervical cancer cells, human pancreatic cancer cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human ovarian cancer cells. More evidences emerged to suggest that ITCs may not only prevent cancer initiation by altering carcinogen metabolism but also inhibit post-initiation cancer development by suppressing the process of tumor progression. Isothiocyanates, the may be chemopreventive agent also interacted with glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) to the process of cell detoxification. These results suggested that Isothiocyanates, may be the potential; agent in preventing and treating cancers.
The Side effects1. People who has over production of IgM immunoglobulins which makes blood thicken should talk to their doctor before taking high amount of broccoli.
2. Allergic reaction??
3. Etc.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
(1) Cancer chemoprevention with dietary isothiocyanates mature for clinical translational research by Singh SV, Singh K.(PubMed)
(2) Organ-specific exposure and response to sulforaphane, a key chemopreventive ingredient in broccoli: implications for cancer prevention by Veeranki OL, Bhattacharya A, Marshall JR, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(3) The anti-oxidant properties of isothiocyanates: a review by de Figueiredo SM, Filho SA, Nogueira-Machado JA, Caligiorne RB.(PubMed)
Herbal Cat's claw and Breast cancer
Cat's claw found in in the tropical jungles of South
and Central America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to the family
Rubiaceae. It has been used in traditional medicine over two thousand
years as a tonic, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory and infectious
agent, and to treat diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne, diabetes,
cancer and diseases of the urinary tract, etc..
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
Ingredients
The chemical constustuents of Cat's claw include, ajmalicine, akuammigine, campesterol, catechin, carboxyl alkyl esters, chlorogenic acid, cinchonain, corynantheine, corynoxeine, daucosterol, epicatechin, harman, hirsuteine, hirsutine, iso-pteropodine, etc.
The benefits
Claw's claw has been used in folk medicine in South-American history for treatment of cancers, arthritis, gastritis and epidemic diseases. In previous article, Cat's claw has exerted its anti breast caner activity in MT-3 cell lines as well as some other forms of cancers, but in other study of some extracts and their chromatographic fractions from Cat's claw, researcher found that beside possessed antimutagenic activity, the extracts and fractions also consisted a direct antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, with about 90% of inhibition at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.
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Side effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction, including itching, rash and allergic inflammation of the kidneys, etc. to certain people, according to the article of `Uncaria Tomentosa`by Wikipedia(a)
2. If you are taking blood pressure medicines, blood-thinning medications, hormones, or insulin do not take cat's claw
3. Do not take Cat's claw if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval of your related field specialist
4. Do not take cat’s claw if you have low blood pressure or an autoimmune disease (such as lupus or multiple sclerosis) or have had an organ or bone marrow transplant.
5. Etc.
Reference
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line bt Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.(PubMed)
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
Ingredients
The chemical constustuents of Cat's claw include, ajmalicine, akuammigine, campesterol, catechin, carboxyl alkyl esters, chlorogenic acid, cinchonain, corynantheine, corynoxeine, daucosterol, epicatechin, harman, hirsuteine, hirsutine, iso-pteropodine, etc.
The benefits
Claw's claw has been used in folk medicine in South-American history for treatment of cancers, arthritis, gastritis and epidemic diseases. In previous article, Cat's claw has exerted its anti breast caner activity in MT-3 cell lines as well as some other forms of cancers, but in other study of some extracts and their chromatographic fractions from Cat's claw, researcher found that beside possessed antimutagenic activity, the extracts and fractions also consisted a direct antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, with about 90% of inhibition at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
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Side effects
1. It may cause allergic reaction, including itching, rash and allergic inflammation of the kidneys, etc. to certain people, according to the article of `Uncaria Tomentosa`by Wikipedia(a)
2. If you are taking blood pressure medicines, blood-thinning medications, hormones, or insulin do not take cat's claw
3. Do not take Cat's claw if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval of your related field specialist
4. Do not take cat’s claw if you have low blood pressure or an autoimmune disease (such as lupus or multiple sclerosis) or have had an organ or bone marrow transplant.
5. Etc.
Reference
(1) Topical plant data base (Rain tree)
(2) The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line bt Riva L, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.(PubMed)
Saturday, 1 February 2014
Hair Loss (Androgenetic alopecia ) in herbs' Points of View
By Kyle J. Norton
Decreased hormonal secretions due to aging stimulates the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase to converse testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT, affecting hair to grow back thinner or not grown back at all. DHT shrinks the follicles, causing hair thins and hair receded at the forehead, crown and temple for men and thins over the entire scalp for women. Herbal treatment for hair loss has existed throughout human history, but epidemiological studies, linking herbs effectiveness in treating hair loss have produced inconsistent results.
Androgenetic alopecia
Androgenetic alopecia is a common hair loss in men and women. In men, it causes baldness patterns, receding at the forehead. In women, the hair becomes thinner all over the head, and the hairline does not recede.
1. Thujae occidentalis
Thujae occidentalis is an evergreen coniferous tree, belonging to the cypress family, native to the United States and the southeast of Canada. the herb has been used in folk medicine in treating warts, ringworm and thrush.
In HEK 293 cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture, with expressing human 5alpha-reductase (type 2), Thujae occidentalis semen (TOS) extract in comparison with gamma-linolenic acid and finasteride (a synthetic drug used to be for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia), topically applied to fuzzy rat and androchronogenetic alopecia (AGA) mouse, showed effectiveness in treating male pattern baldness by dictating androgen conversion with higher inhibition activity of 5alpha-reductase type 2 than that of gamma-linolenic acid, but lower than that of finasteride. These result indicated that the extract may be a potent agent for treating male baldness(1).
2. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb(Dodder)
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb is a Perennial tree, belonging to the family Cuscutaceae, native to the Eastern Asia. Petroleum ether extract of C. reflexa, in the experiment used as a topical application, showed the Inhibition of 5alpha-reductase activity, exhibited hair growth-promoting activity, by blocking conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which causes hair receded,(2).
3. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad
Citrullus colocynthis is a desert viny plant native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. The herb has been used in folk medicine for treatments of cancer, carcinoma, endothelioma, leukemia, corns, tumors, etc. In androgen-induced alopecia mice, the petroleum ether extract of C. colocynthis showed an effectiveness in enhancing follicular density, exhibited hair growth-promoting activity in anagenic phase than the standard finasteride(3).
4. Eclipta alba(false daisy)
Eclipta alba is a species of E. prostrata , belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to India, China, Thailand, and Brazil. The herb has been used in folk medicine for treatments of combating swelling, inflammation, skin conditions, etc.. Petroleum ether and ethanol extract of E. alba Hassk in comparison with minoxidil 2% in rat study, exhibit hair growth pattern better than the positive control minoxidil 2% with significantly reduced time for complete hair growth.(4)
5. Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc., Experiment of garlic gel in promoting hair growth showed a positive response in enhancing the application of topical betamethasone valerate(5).
6. Onion
The onion is a plants in the genus Allium, belongs to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures. Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet. Topical crude onion juice in the study against hair loss, exhibited Re-growth of terminal coarse hairs after two weeks of application, in significantly higher among males compared to females, after 4 weeks(6).
7. Polygonum multiflorum
He Shou wu is also known as Chinese Knotweed, genus Fallopia, belonging to Polygonaceae, native to central and southern China. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in treating hyperlipemia, neurasthenia, split personality, premature white hair, nerve injuries, skin wind rash, constipation, etc.. Ethanol extract from Polygonum multiflorum roots in the experiment using dermal papilla cells (DPCs), showed to increase the proliferation of DPCs which plays an impotant role in enhancing hair growth and hair-fiber length significantly(7). In topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL6/N mice, the extract stimulated hair growth by inducing anagen phase and the number and the size of hair follicles(8).
8. Platycladus
Thuja orientalis is a evergreen coniferous tree belonging to the family Cupressaceae, native to northwestern China. The herbs has been used in traditional medicine in treating baldness and hair loss in East Asia. T. orientalis extract, in the experiment of topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, induced an earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature anagen phase, reduced earlier induction of β-catenin and Shh proteins in hair follicles. These result indicated that Thuja orientalis may be beneficiary as a potential hair growth-promoting agent.(9).
9. Asiasari radix(Chinese wild ginger root)
Asiasari radix has been used in Asian traditionally medicine for treating hair loss in to stimulate hair growth. In female C57BL/6 and C3H mice, Topical application onto the backs of Asiasari radix extract showed an effectiveness in promoting hair growth and increased protein synthesis in vibrissae follicle cultures and the proliferation of both HaCaT and human DP cells in vitro.(10)
10. Sophora flavescens
Sophora flavescens is a species of genus Sophora, belonging to family Fabaceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine for treatments of viral hepatitis, enteritis, cancer, viral myocarditis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage etc. In the experiment of topical application of Sophora flavescens extract in C57BL/6 mice, enhanced on hair growth may be mediated through the regulation of growth factors in dermal papilla cells and inhibited the type II 5alpha-reductase activity(11).
11. Crinum asiaticum
Crinum asiaticum is a genus of Crimum, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Jeju Island, Korea. The herb has been used in habal medicne for treatments of injury and inflamed joints, swellings, swollen joints, lumbago, pains and in cases of headache, fever, etc. Topical application of the EtOH extract of C. asiaticum onto the back of C57BL/6, increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells, cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the bulb region and the hair-fiber lengths of vibrissa(12). Norgalanthamine, a chemical constituent of Crinum asiaticum, also induced anagen progression of the hair shaft, increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells(16)
12. Ishige sinicola
Ishige sinicola is a genus of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae), belonging to the family Ishigeaceae native to native to Jeju Island, Korea. Topical application of I. sinicola extract onto the back of C57BL/6 mice inhibit anagen progression of the hair shaft and activity of the activity of 5α-reductase, increased cell proliferation vibrissa dermal papilla cells (DPCs), downregulated p27kip1 in stopping or slowing down the cell division cycle(13).
13. Acenthopanax koreanum
Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae), a well-known herbal medicine in Jeju Island, Korea, has been used as a tonic agent in treating stress-related states(14). In the experiment of immortalized rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells treated with extract of A. koreanum leaves, showed an enhacement of the proliferation of dermal papilla cells, of the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles by increasing the nuclear β-catenin level, and up-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E (regulating cell cycle progression) and CDK2(Cells decide at the end of mitosis to either start the next cell cycle and downregulation of the expression of p27(kip1)(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) in the dermal papilla cells(15).
14. Schisandra nigra
Schisandra nigra, a plant native to Jeju Island, South Korea. The herb has been used in traditional medicine for liver protection and treatments of nervous, respiratory system. Topical application of the EtOH extract of S. nigra onto the back of C57BL/6 mice nigra, exhibited the increased hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles, induced anagen progression of the hair shaft and increased both the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the bulb matrix region and the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells(17).
The enhancement of herbal medicine for treatments of hair loss, linking to inhibit anagen progression of the hair shaft and activity of 5α-reductase, increase proliferation vibrissa dermal papilla cells with little or no side effects has produced a promising result. Somedays, they may be considered as approval prominent treatments, in improving the appearance as well as quality of life by reducing the psychological stress with affordable cost. Once again, please consult you doctor or related field specialist before applying,
STOP HAIR LOSS - PERMANENTLY
Fill in Bald Spots, Stop Thinning Hair And
Restore Receding Hair Lines, Naturally
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(1) The extract of Thujae occidentalis semen inhibited 5alpha-reductase and androchronogenetic alopecia of B6CBAF1/j hybrid mouse by Park WS, Lee CH, Lee BG, Chang IS.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen-induced alopecia by Pandit S, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad fruits on testosterone-induced alopecia by Dhanotia R, Chauhan NS, Saraf DK, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(4) Hair growth promoting activity of Eclipta alba in male albino rats by Roy RK, Thakur M, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(5) Combination of topical garlic gel and betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of localized alopecia areata: a double-blind randomized controlled study by Hajheydari Z, Jamshidi M, Akbari J, Mohammadpour R.(PubMed)
(6) Onion juice (Allium cepa L.), a new topical treatment for alopecia areata by Sharquie KE, Al-Obaidi HK.(PubMed)
(7) Promotion effect of constituents from the root of Polygonum multiflorum on hair growth by Sun YN, Cui L, Li W, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kang JI, Kang HK, Kim YH.(PubMed)
(8) Topical application of Polygonum multiflorum extract induces hair growth of resting hair follicles through upregulating Shh and β-catenin expression in C57BL/6 mice by Park HJ, Zhang N, Park DK.(PubMed)
(9) Hair growth-promoting activity of hot water extract of Thuja orientalis by Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ.(PubMed)
(10) The hair growth promoting effect of Asiasari radix extract and its molecular regulation. ho SS, Park SJ, Hwang SL, Lee MH, Kim CD, Lee IH, Chang SY, Rang MJ.(PubMed)
(11) The hair growth promoting effect of Sophora flavescens extract and its molecular regulation by Roh SS, Kim CD, Lee MH, Hwang SL, Rang MJ, Yoon YK.(PubMed)
(12) Promotion effect of norgalanthamine, a component of Crinum asiaticum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Hyun JH, Boo HJ, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kim YH, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed).
(13) The promoting effect of Ishige sinicola on hair growth by Kang JI, Kim EJ, Kim MK, Jeon YJ, Kang SM, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(14) The effects of a standardized Acanthopanax koreanum extract on stress-induced behavioral alterations in mice by Jung JM, Park SJ, Lee YW, Lee HE, Hong SI, Lew JH, Hong E, Shim JS, Cheong JH, Ryu JH.(PubMed)
(15)Promotion effect of acankoreoside J, a lupane-triterpene in Acanthopanax koreanum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Park DB, Lee YK, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kim JA, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(16) Promotion effect of norgalanthamine, a component of Crinum asiaticum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Hyun JH, Boo HJ, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kim YH, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(17) Promotion effect of Schisandra nigra on the growth of hair by Kang JI, Kim SC, Hyun JH, Kang JH, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kang HK.(PubMed)
Decreased hormonal secretions due to aging stimulates the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase to converse testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT, affecting hair to grow back thinner or not grown back at all. DHT shrinks the follicles, causing hair thins and hair receded at the forehead, crown and temple for men and thins over the entire scalp for women. Herbal treatment for hair loss has existed throughout human history, but epidemiological studies, linking herbs effectiveness in treating hair loss have produced inconsistent results.
Androgenetic alopecia
Androgenetic alopecia is a common hair loss in men and women. In men, it causes baldness patterns, receding at the forehead. In women, the hair becomes thinner all over the head, and the hairline does not recede.
1. Thujae occidentalis
Thujae occidentalis is an evergreen coniferous tree, belonging to the cypress family, native to the United States and the southeast of Canada. the herb has been used in folk medicine in treating warts, ringworm and thrush.
In HEK 293 cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture, with expressing human 5alpha-reductase (type 2), Thujae occidentalis semen (TOS) extract in comparison with gamma-linolenic acid and finasteride (a synthetic drug used to be for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia), topically applied to fuzzy rat and androchronogenetic alopecia (AGA) mouse, showed effectiveness in treating male pattern baldness by dictating androgen conversion with higher inhibition activity of 5alpha-reductase type 2 than that of gamma-linolenic acid, but lower than that of finasteride. These result indicated that the extract may be a potent agent for treating male baldness(1).
2. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb(Dodder)
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb is a Perennial tree, belonging to the family Cuscutaceae, native to the Eastern Asia. Petroleum ether extract of C. reflexa, in the experiment used as a topical application, showed the Inhibition of 5alpha-reductase activity, exhibited hair growth-promoting activity, by blocking conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which causes hair receded,(2).
3. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad
Citrullus colocynthis is a desert viny plant native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. The herb has been used in folk medicine for treatments of cancer, carcinoma, endothelioma, leukemia, corns, tumors, etc. In androgen-induced alopecia mice, the petroleum ether extract of C. colocynthis showed an effectiveness in enhancing follicular density, exhibited hair growth-promoting activity in anagenic phase than the standard finasteride(3).
4. Eclipta alba(false daisy)
Eclipta alba is a species of E. prostrata , belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to India, China, Thailand, and Brazil. The herb has been used in folk medicine for treatments of combating swelling, inflammation, skin conditions, etc.. Petroleum ether and ethanol extract of E. alba Hassk in comparison with minoxidil 2% in rat study, exhibit hair growth pattern better than the positive control minoxidil 2% with significantly reduced time for complete hair growth.(4)
5. Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc., Experiment of garlic gel in promoting hair growth showed a positive response in enhancing the application of topical betamethasone valerate(5).
6. Onion
The onion is a plants in the genus Allium, belongs to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic. It It is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures. Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild or sweet. Topical crude onion juice in the study against hair loss, exhibited Re-growth of terminal coarse hairs after two weeks of application, in significantly higher among males compared to females, after 4 weeks(6).
7. Polygonum multiflorum
He Shou wu is also known as Chinese Knotweed, genus Fallopia, belonging to Polygonaceae, native to central and southern China. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in treating hyperlipemia, neurasthenia, split personality, premature white hair, nerve injuries, skin wind rash, constipation, etc.. Ethanol extract from Polygonum multiflorum roots in the experiment using dermal papilla cells (DPCs), showed to increase the proliferation of DPCs which plays an impotant role in enhancing hair growth and hair-fiber length significantly(7). In topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL6/N mice, the extract stimulated hair growth by inducing anagen phase and the number and the size of hair follicles(8).
8. Platycladus
Thuja orientalis is a evergreen coniferous tree belonging to the family Cupressaceae, native to northwestern China. The herbs has been used in traditional medicine in treating baldness and hair loss in East Asia. T. orientalis extract, in the experiment of topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, induced an earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature anagen phase, reduced earlier induction of β-catenin and Shh proteins in hair follicles. These result indicated that Thuja orientalis may be beneficiary as a potential hair growth-promoting agent.(9).
9. Asiasari radix(Chinese wild ginger root)
Asiasari radix has been used in Asian traditionally medicine for treating hair loss in to stimulate hair growth. In female C57BL/6 and C3H mice, Topical application onto the backs of Asiasari radix extract showed an effectiveness in promoting hair growth and increased protein synthesis in vibrissae follicle cultures and the proliferation of both HaCaT and human DP cells in vitro.(10)
10. Sophora flavescens
Sophora flavescens is a species of genus Sophora, belonging to family Fabaceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine for treatments of viral hepatitis, enteritis, cancer, viral myocarditis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage etc. In the experiment of topical application of Sophora flavescens extract in C57BL/6 mice, enhanced on hair growth may be mediated through the regulation of growth factors in dermal papilla cells and inhibited the type II 5alpha-reductase activity(11).
11. Crinum asiaticum
Crinum asiaticum is a genus of Crimum, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Jeju Island, Korea. The herb has been used in habal medicne for treatments of injury and inflamed joints, swellings, swollen joints, lumbago, pains and in cases of headache, fever, etc. Topical application of the EtOH extract of C. asiaticum onto the back of C57BL/6, increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells, cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the bulb region and the hair-fiber lengths of vibrissa(12). Norgalanthamine, a chemical constituent of Crinum asiaticum, also induced anagen progression of the hair shaft, increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells(16)
12. Ishige sinicola
Ishige sinicola is a genus of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae), belonging to the family Ishigeaceae native to native to Jeju Island, Korea. Topical application of I. sinicola extract onto the back of C57BL/6 mice inhibit anagen progression of the hair shaft and activity of the activity of 5α-reductase, increased cell proliferation vibrissa dermal papilla cells (DPCs), downregulated p27kip1 in stopping or slowing down the cell division cycle(13).
13. Acenthopanax koreanum
Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae), a well-known herbal medicine in Jeju Island, Korea, has been used as a tonic agent in treating stress-related states(14). In the experiment of immortalized rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells treated with extract of A. koreanum leaves, showed an enhacement of the proliferation of dermal papilla cells, of the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles by increasing the nuclear β-catenin level, and up-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E (regulating cell cycle progression) and CDK2(Cells decide at the end of mitosis to either start the next cell cycle and downregulation of the expression of p27(kip1)(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) in the dermal papilla cells(15).
14. Schisandra nigra
Schisandra nigra, a plant native to Jeju Island, South Korea. The herb has been used in traditional medicine for liver protection and treatments of nervous, respiratory system. Topical application of the EtOH extract of S. nigra onto the back of C57BL/6 mice nigra, exhibited the increased hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles, induced anagen progression of the hair shaft and increased both the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the bulb matrix region and the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells(17).
The enhancement of herbal medicine for treatments of hair loss, linking to inhibit anagen progression of the hair shaft and activity of 5α-reductase, increase proliferation vibrissa dermal papilla cells with little or no side effects has produced a promising result. Somedays, they may be considered as approval prominent treatments, in improving the appearance as well as quality of life by reducing the psychological stress with affordable cost. Once again, please consult you doctor or related field specialist before applying,
STOP HAIR LOSS - PERMANENTLY
Fill in Bald Spots, Stop Thinning Hair And
Restore Receding Hair Lines, Naturally
Back to Most common Types of Cancer http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
References
(1) The extract of Thujae occidentalis semen inhibited 5alpha-reductase and androchronogenetic alopecia of B6CBAF1/j hybrid mouse by Park WS, Lee CH, Lee BG, Chang IS.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen-induced alopecia by Pandit S, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad fruits on testosterone-induced alopecia by Dhanotia R, Chauhan NS, Saraf DK, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(4) Hair growth promoting activity of Eclipta alba in male albino rats by Roy RK, Thakur M, Dixit VK.(PubMed)
(5) Combination of topical garlic gel and betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of localized alopecia areata: a double-blind randomized controlled study by Hajheydari Z, Jamshidi M, Akbari J, Mohammadpour R.(PubMed)
(6) Onion juice (Allium cepa L.), a new topical treatment for alopecia areata by Sharquie KE, Al-Obaidi HK.(PubMed)
(7) Promotion effect of constituents from the root of Polygonum multiflorum on hair growth by Sun YN, Cui L, Li W, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kang JI, Kang HK, Kim YH.(PubMed)
(8) Topical application of Polygonum multiflorum extract induces hair growth of resting hair follicles through upregulating Shh and β-catenin expression in C57BL/6 mice by Park HJ, Zhang N, Park DK.(PubMed)
(9) Hair growth-promoting activity of hot water extract of Thuja orientalis by Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ.(PubMed)
(10) The hair growth promoting effect of Asiasari radix extract and its molecular regulation. ho SS, Park SJ, Hwang SL, Lee MH, Kim CD, Lee IH, Chang SY, Rang MJ.(PubMed)
(11) The hair growth promoting effect of Sophora flavescens extract and its molecular regulation by Roh SS, Kim CD, Lee MH, Hwang SL, Rang MJ, Yoon YK.(PubMed)
(12) Promotion effect of norgalanthamine, a component of Crinum asiaticum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Hyun JH, Boo HJ, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kim YH, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed).
(13) The promoting effect of Ishige sinicola on hair growth by Kang JI, Kim EJ, Kim MK, Jeon YJ, Kang SM, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(14) The effects of a standardized Acanthopanax koreanum extract on stress-induced behavioral alterations in mice by Jung JM, Park SJ, Lee YW, Lee HE, Hong SI, Lew JH, Hong E, Shim JS, Cheong JH, Ryu JH.(PubMed)
(15)Promotion effect of acankoreoside J, a lupane-triterpene in Acanthopanax koreanum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Park DB, Lee YK, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kim JA, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(16) Promotion effect of norgalanthamine, a component of Crinum asiaticum, on hair growth by Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Hyun JH, Boo HJ, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kim YH, Kim YH, Kang HK.(PubMed)
(17) Promotion effect of Schisandra nigra on the growth of hair by Kang JI, Kim SC, Hyun JH, Kang JH, Park DB, Lee YJ, Yoo ES, Kang HK.(PubMed)
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