Hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school of obese children.

In the study to examine whether a protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet are effective in a clinic-based dietary intervention implemented in a school setting high-risk weight loss program for superobese (> or = 140% of their ideal body weight for height [IBW] children of
12 superobese children placed on a 2520 to 3360 J (600 to 800 Cal) protein-sparing modified fast diet.  showed that at 6 months the 12 superobese children on protein-sparing modified fast diet had a significant weight loss from baseline (-5.6 +/- 7.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.02); a significant decrease in percentage IBW (-24.3 +/- 20%, ANOVA p < 0.002); and had positive growth velocity Z-score (1.3 +/- 1.6, ANOVA p < 0.05). Six children were not superobese at 6 months. At 6 months eight of 12 children were active participants and 11 of 12 children were followed. Decrease in blood pressure, as well as, downward trends in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. No clinical complications were observed. At 6 months, the 7 control superobese children, when compared with baseline had gained weight (2.8 +/- 3.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.008); but had no significant change in percentage IBW (-0.3 +/- 5.9%, ANOVA p = 0.61); and had no changes in growth velocity Z-score (0.1 +/- 1.3, ANOVA p = 0.83). These children did not have any change in blood pressure and an upward trend in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. Protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet appear to be effective in a group of superobese-school-age children in a medically supervised clinic-based program implemented in a school setting over a 6-month period. The efforts of committed clinic staffs, school officials, peers, and family involvement were crucial to the success of this intervention program in promoting and maintaining weight loss over a 6-month period(1).

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(1) "Feasibility of a clinic-based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children" by Figueroa-Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, von Almen TK, Suskind RM.

Right Diet: to combat obesity

Adolescent obesity is a growing public health problem in Kuwait. In the study of fourteen obese adolescent boys volunteered to participate in a 6-month multidimensional television series on weight loss, found that type of television series could be used as a model for future public health programs to prevent and control obesity among adolescents(1).

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(1) "Right Diet: a television series to combat obesity among adolescents in Kuwait" by Al-Haifi AR, Al-Fayez MA, Al-Nashi B, Al-Athari BI, Bawadi H, Musaiger AO.

Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults

In a 1-year, randomized, controlled trial evaluation of the independent and combined effects of weight loss and exercise in 107 adults who were 65 years of age or older and obese, indicated that body weight decreased by 10% in the diet group and by 9% in the diet-exercise group, but did not decrease in the exercise group or the control group (P<0.001). Lean body mass and bone mineral density at the hip decreased less in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group (reductions of 3% and 1%, respectively, in the diet-exercise group vs. reductions of 5% and 3%, respectively, in the diet group; P<0.05 for both comparisons). Strength, balance, and gait improved consistently in the diet-exercise group (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Adverse events included a small number of exercise-associated musculoskeletal injuries(1).

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(1) "Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults? by Villareal DT, Chode S, Parimi N, Sinacore DR, Hilton T, Armamento-Villareal R, Napoli N, Qualls C, Shah K.

Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight

In the study to to examine the evidence for the benefits and harms of screening and earlier treatment of overweight in children and adolescents in clinical settings, researchers found that BMI measurement to detect overweight in older adolescents could identify those at increased risk of developing adult obesity, and its consequent morbidities. Promising interventions to address overweight adolescents in clinical settings are beginning to be reported but are not yet proven to have clinically significant benefits; nor are they widely available. Screening for the purposes of overweight categorization in children under age 12 to 13 who are not clearly overweight may not provide reliable risk categorization for adult obesity. Theoretical harms may occur from overweight labeling or from induced individual and parental concern. Screening approaches are further compromised by the fact that there is little generalizable evidence for interventions that can be conducted in primary care or are widely available for primary care referral. Despite this, the fact that many trials report short- to medium-term modest improvements (approximately 10%–20% decrease in percent overweight or a few units' change in BMI) suggests that overweight improvements in children and adolescents are possible. Experts have identified pragmatic clinical recommendations for lifestyle changes that could be applied to all children and adolescents regardless of risk. While monitoring growth and development in children and adolescents through BMI documentation at visits is prudent, care should be taken not to unnecessarily label children and adolescents as overweight or at risk for overweight until more is known about BMI as a risk factor, and effective interventions are available(1).

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(1) "Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight [Internet]". by Whitlock EP, Williams SB, Gold R, Smith P, Shipman S.

Screening and Interventions for Overweight and Obesity in Adults

In the study to examine the evidence of the benefits and harms of screening and earlier treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality from overweight and obesity, showed that Screening with BMI would detect a large percentage of adults who are obese or overweight. Limited evidence suggests that counseling interventions may promote modest weight loss in the overweight (BMI 25–29.9). Effective treatments for people with BMI >30 include intensive counseling and behavioral interventions for lifestyle change, and pharmacotherapy. Surgery is effective in reducing weight for people with BMI of 35 or greater. Adverse effects include increased blood pressure and gastrointestinal distress with drugs and a small percentage of serious side effects with surgery(1).


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(1) "Screening and Interventions for Overweight and Obesity in Adults [Internet]" by McTigue K, Harris R, Hemphill MB, Bunton AJ, Lux LJ, Sutton S, Lohr KN.

Herbal Aloe Vera and Cancers

 Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The Ingredients 
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.
They all work together in a synergistic way to create healing and health giving benefits, according to Gertrude Baldwin in the article of THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF ALOE VERA IN HERBAL PREPARATIONS.

The Benefits  
Aloe-Emodi, a chemical compound found in Aloe vera, specifically suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms and may be used as a possible application of anthraquinones in preventing or treating breast cancer in the future. Also in other study, Aloe-Emodi is considered as a potential value for the treatment of gastric cancer and cervical cancer because of its mechanisms are by means of cell cycle interruption and induce differentiation and suppressed the expression of PKCalpha and c-myc. Radiotherapy are most often used to treat head and neck cancer patients. Ina study of Aloe Vera, Dr. Ahmadi A. found that oral Aloe vera mouthwash may not only prevent radiation-induced mucositis, but also may reduce oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties

The Side effects
1. Hepatitis
Some researchers concerned that the over use of oral aloe vera may contribute to acute hepatitis, according to the study of "Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis" by Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S., posted in PubMed
2. Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral use of Aloe Vera
3. oral use of Aloe Vera may cause abdominal cramps and pain
4. It may cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as a result of collagen in the plant, according to the study of "Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study" by Cazzola M, Antivalle M, Sarzi-Puttini P, Dell'Acqua D, Panni B, Caruso I., posted in PubMed
5. Etc.

References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2)   ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Potential prevention: Aloe vera mouthwash may reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. by Ahmadi A.(PubMed)
(4) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.

Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)

(5) Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. by Guo J, Xiao B, Zhang S, Liu D, Liao Y, Sun Q.(PubMed) 

(6) Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. by Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH.(PubMed)

(5) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(6) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

Food therapy - Strawberries and Neuroprotective effects

Strawberries

Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Neuroprotective effects is defined as an event that protects the central nervous system (CNS) by relatively preserving of neuronal structure and/or function.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

The benefits

Many studies has been oncarrying by scientists to explore the effective agent of which has a potential to prevent or slow disease progression and secondary injuries by halting or at least slowing the loss of neurons. In spite of nitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)  as a major factor in the underlying pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, chemical constituent anthocyanins suppress MOS-induced apoptosis by preserving mitochondrial GSH and inhibiting cardiolipin oxidation and mitochondrial fragmentation. Also in the the study of Berry fruit supplementation, polyphenolic compounds found in berry fruits, such as blueberries and strawberries, may exert their beneficial effects either through their ability to lower oxidative stress and inflammation or directly by altering the signaling involved in neuronal communication, calcium buffering ability, neuroprotective stress shock proteins, plasticity, aubMed)nd stress signaling pathways. Dr. Richardson JS. indicated that pharmacological agents that protect damaged neurons are not ready yet for widespread clinical use, neuron damaging oxidative stress can be kept in check by insuring adequate dietary sources of antioxidants with little or no scientific evidence, but the consumption of high antioxidant foods, such as blueberries and strawberries, is appealing to most people regardless of any neuroprotective potential.

The Side effects 

1. Some people may be experience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc. 

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Reference

(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)

(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)

(3) The Promise of Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson’s Disease  by Stacey E. Seidl and Judith A. Potashkin(Frontiers in Neurology)

(4) Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins on apoptosis induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress. by Kelsey N, Hulick W, Winter A, Ross E, Linseman D.(PubMed)

(5) Neuroprotective agents. by Richardson JS.(PubMed) 

(6) Berry fruit supplementation and the aging brain. by Shukitt-Hale B, Lau FC, Joseph JA.(PubMed)