Food therapy - Strawberries and Atherosclerosis

Strawberries

Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Atherosclerosis is defined as a condition of wall thickens or hardening of the arteries.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin 

 

The benefits

Phytochemicals anthocyanin and ellagitannins as the antioxidants have played role played  on fruit absorption, metabolism, and the possible beneficial biological activity on human health, including heart diseases. In subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial, freeze-dried strawberry (FDS) improved glycemic control and antioxidant status, and reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response in patients with T2D. Supplementation with freeze-dried berry products, as natural sources of antioxidants with low glycemic index, could be considered as an adjunctive therapy in ameliorating metabolic complications and short-term freeze-dried strawberry supplementation improved selected atherosclerotic risk factors, including dyslipidemia and circulating adhesion molecules in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Other study also indicated of supporting therapeutic roles of strawberries in metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic state characterized by several cardiovascular risk factors as it is found of lowering total and LDL-cholesterol, but not triglycerides, and decreasing surrogate biomarkers of atherosclerosis (malondialdehyde and adhesion molecules).

The Side effects 

1. Some people may be experience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc.

 
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Reference

(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)

(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)

(3) Effects of freeze-dried strawberry supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. by Moazen S, Amani R, Homayouni Rad A, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Taha Jalali M.(PubMed)

(4) Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Basu A, Fu DX, Wilkinson M, Simmons B, Wu M, Betts NM, Du M, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)

(5) Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives.

Basu A, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Black beans (Phaseolus) and Prostatic hyperplasia

Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongs to the family Fabaceae and can bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
Prostatic hyperplasia is a condition of enlarged prostate. Starting at age 40, the levels of the by-product prolactin of testosterone of men increases, stimulating the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase that causes the conversion of testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT triggering prostate enlargement and other problems. Therefore in order to prevent the symptoms of enlarged prostate is to naturally impend the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Unfortunately, aging is not the only cause of enlarged prostate. In this article, we will discuss other causes of prostate enlargement.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents a. Nutrients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Protein
4. Fat
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B
7. Folate
8. Vitamin C
9. Calcium
10. Magnesium
11. Manganese
12. Phosphorus
13. Molybdenum
14. Iron
10. Etc.
b. Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds of black bean include anthocyanin, (-)-epicatechin, delphinidin, petunidin, flavonols  and malvidin.

The benefits
As a result of prosperity in the emerging world, Prostatic hyperplasia has become a medical condition of which requires urgent attention. Anthocyanin, a major chemical compound found in  pigment in black bean may be a potential food used to treatment for enlarged prostate, as anthocyanin  decrease the volume and suppressing the proliferation of the prostate. But further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and actions of anthocyanin, and these studies may lead to the clinical application of anthocyanin in treating BPH. Other study in the investigation the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Prostate hyperplasia was induced by the administration of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks of that led to prostatic hyperplasia,  anthocyanin administration helped to prevent this change. Apoptotic body counts were significantly higher in groups receiving anthocyanin than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05).


The Side effect
1. Purines
Black beans contain purines, excessive intake of these substances can cause the accumulation of uric acid, leading to"gout" and kidney stones.
2. Etc.

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References
(1) Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments.
Marles MA, Balasubramanian P, Bett KE. (PubMed)
(2) Conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].[Article in Hungarian] by Romics I.(PubMed)
(3) Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model. by Jang H, Ha US, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Han DS, Yuk SM, Kim SW.(PubMed)

Dieting status and its relationship to eating and physical activity behaviors

In the study to determine whether adolescents engaging in extreme weight loss methods (i.e., vomiting and diet pills) and those using more moderate methods differ from each other in dietary intake (fruits, vegetables, and higher-fat foods) and physical activity, and to compare these variables in dieting and nondieting adolescents, showed that the importance of distinguishing between different types of dieting behaviors in clinical settings and research studies. Adolescents engaging in extreme weight control behaviors may be at particular risk for inadequate nutritional intake. In contrast, adolescents using more moderate methods may be consuming a more healthful diet than are nondieters. For all adolescents, nutrition guidance on healthful and safe weight control strategies is needed(1).



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(1) "Dieting status and its relationship to eating and physical activity behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents" by Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, Sherwood N, Stang J, Murray D.

Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders

In the study to determine if adolescents who report dieting and different weight-control behaviors are at increased or decreased risk for gains in body mass index, overweight status, binge eating, extreme weight-control behaviors, and eating disorders 5 years later. indicated that Dieting and unhealthful weight-control behaviors predict outcomes related to obesity and eating disorders 5 years later. A shift away from dieting and drastic weight-control measures toward the long-term implementation of healthful eating and physical activity behaviors is needed to prevent obesity and eating disorders in adolescents(1).

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(1) "Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later?" by  Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, Story M, Haines J, Eisenberg M.

Family meals and disordered eating

In the study to examine 5-year longitudinal associations between family meal frequency and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, researchers showed that the high prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescent girls and the protective role of family meals suggest a need for interventions aimed at promoting family meals. Further exploration of predictors of disordered eating behaviors in adolescent boys and the role of family meals is warranted(1).

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(1) "Family meals and disordered eating in adolescents: longitudinal findings from project EAT" by Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg ME, Fulkerson JA, Story M, Larson NI.

Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating

In the review of data collected at Time 1 (1998-1999) and Time 2 (2003-2004) on 2516 adolescents participating in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). Data were analyzed in 2006-2007, showed that Weight-specific socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral variables are strong and consistent predictors of overweight status, binge eating, and extreme weight-control behaviors later in adolescence. These findings support the need for research to determine if decreasing weight-related social pressures, personal weight concerns, and unhealthy weight-control behaviors can contribute to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents(1).

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(1) "Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating in adolescents" by Neumark-Sztainer DR, Wall MM, Haines JI, Story MT, Sherwood NE, van den Berg PA.

Family support and weight-loss

 In the study to to describe the weight-control strategies and family support for young people reporting sustained weight loss in a large, population-based sample, found that Approximately 50 % of young people attempting weight loss reported sustained weight loss. Young people who reported sustained weight loss appeared to have more family support than those who did not achieve this, suggesting the importance for weight-control services and interventions in adolescents of actively engaging the family(1)


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(1) "Family support and weight-loss strategies among adolescents reporting sustained weight loss" by

Utter J, Denny S, Dixon R, Ameratunga S, Teevale T.