Acute Enteritis, in most cases is defined as a condition of
inflammation of the small intestine as a result of eating and drinking
contaminated water and foods infected by virus and bacteria. But
according to the study by the University Hospital Aintree, chronic
radiation enteritis
is an increasing problem, as more patients receive radiotherapy as part
of their cancer therapy and as the long-term survival of these patients
improves(a). Other study indicated that acute radiation enteritis
is almost inevitable in the curative treatment of malignant tumors of
the abdomen and pelvic area. It is frequently a self-limiting disorder
of intestinal function associated with reversible mucosal changes of the
intestine(b). The prevalence of the disease although is decreasing, it
still affects millions (approx 1 in 83 or 1.20% or 3.3 million people
in USA ) of people in the U.S alone, according to the statistic. Chronic enteritis is a condition of inflammation caused by other health conditions, such as Crohn's or celiac disease.
Types of Entertitis
1. Campylobacter enteritis (Campylobacter jejuni)
Campylobacter enteritis
is the commonest form of infective diarrhoea in most developed
countries of the world. According to the statistic from Wales
laboratory, the an annual incidence of about 85/100,000, but the true
rate is probably nearer 1100/100,000. Most infections are sporadic and
believed to be foodborne; large outbreaks are infrequent and mostly as a
result of the consumption of raw milk or unchlorinated water. Raw meats and animal products, notably broiler chickens, are the main source of campylobacters
in food(c). Other indicated that Cross-contamination and improper
handling and cooking of foods of animal origin account for the majority
of disease. Hygienic measures must be applied in order to reduce the
incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans(b).
2. E. coli enteritis (E. coli)
In an age cross sectional cohort analysis of 340 0-47 month old children
and newborn cohort analysis of 144 newborns to determine the
diarrheogenic Escherichia coli incidence
in Santa Julia, a low socioeconomic community in Santiago, Chile,
between December 1986 and February 1990, showed thatthe age cross
sectional cohort had 1178 episodes of diarrhea and the newborn cohort
had 674 episodes. No difference in the isolation rate of
enteroaggregative E. coli existed between
cases and controls. Since most households in Santa Julia have access
to potable water (68%) and an indoor toilet (64%), food contamination
were likely the vehicles of E. coli transmission because more than 50% of households do not have a refrigerator(e). Other in the review of the outbreak of E. coli O142 K86 H34, the enteritis of adults and children are due to enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains, suggested that routine search for EPEC is suggested in cases of infantile enteritis in hospitals and other institutions(f).
3. Clostridium perfringens enteritis
Clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic pathogen causing foodborne and non-foodborne gastrointestinal diseases
in humans and animals. This pathogen is also the more common
Clostridium species associated with bacteraemia. We report on a fatal
case of C. perfringens infection in an adult with type 2 diabetes(g).
4. Staphylococcal enteritis (Food poisioning)
The disease is as reslt of eating or drinking
substances contaminated with staph enterotoxin. The enterotoxins are
fast acting, sometimes causing illness within one to six hours. Patients
typically experience nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea(h).
5. Radiation enteritis
Radiation therapy may damage the lining of the intestines (bowels) and cause inflammation.
The clinicopathologic features of radiation enteritis are reviewed in 44 children receiving whole abdominal radiation therapy between 1961-1972 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Five of 14 long-term survivors (36%) developed severe delayed radiation injury with small bowel obstruction, occurring within 2 months after completion of irradiation. All had previously had acute radiation reaction during therapy, according to the study by Dr. Donaldson SS and the research team(i).
6. Salmonella enteritis
Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter
spp. cause a considerable number of human illnesses each year, and the
vast majority of cases are foodborne(j). Other study indicated thatthe
most common disease syndromes caused by Salmonella serotypes in humans, typhoid fever and enteritis, can be modeled using Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections in mice and calves, respectively(k).
7. Shigella enteritis
Shigella species cause bacillary
dysentery in humans by invasion, intracellular multiplication, spread to
adjacent cells, and induction of brisk inflammatory responses in the
intestinal epithelium(l). According to the study, in August 2002, an
outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection
occurred in a Spanish town of 6343 inhabitants. In total, 756 people
developed acute gastroenteritis and 181 cases were shigella-confirmed.
The peak incidence was during 5-6 August 2002. The estimated primary
attack rate was 9.97%; the attack rate for secondary cases was 38%. The
<15 years ago group was most affected (16.49%)(m).
8. Etc.
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897345
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310287
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2018709
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8484918
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8237973
(f) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377855
(g) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628819
(h) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22894073
(i) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/163677
(j) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23212006
(k) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755423
(l) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12438385
(m) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16194288
Tuesday, 3 December 2013
Cirrhosis Treatments In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatments In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Yangyin Ruanjian decoction (HYRD)
In the study to explore the anti-fibrotic effect of Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian decoction (HYRD) on CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its modulation on the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-Smad signaling pathway, by Tianjin Medical University, showed that HYRD can inhibit hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) in rats, which is probably associated with its down-regulation on fibrogenic signal transduction of TGFbeta-Smad pathway(109).
2. JinSanE decoction
In the study to assess the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, JinSanE decoction, on the TGF-beta1/Smads signal transduction pathway in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis model in rats, conducted by the Wuhan University, indicated that compared with the hepatic fibrosis model group, the levels of TGF-beta1, TRII mRNA and Smad3 expression significantly decreased in the 2 treatment groups. The expression of Smad7 was significantly increased in the liver of the rats treated with JinSanE (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The histological changes of fibrotic liver were obviously improved in the treatment rats. The levels of liver HYP, serum liver function and HA were also remarkably improved in the treatment rats. Moreover, the effects of JinSanE occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the process of the protection of liver injury and fibrosis. JinSanE decoction had a protective effect on liver injury and could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in rats. The mechanisms might be associated with their effects of down-regulating TGF-beta1, TRII mRNA and Smad3, and up-regulating Smad7(110).
3. Kang'ai injection
In the study to investigate the inhibition role of Kang'ai injection (KAI) in rats with hepatic fibrosis, showed that Kang'ai injection could inhibit the formation of DEN-induced liver fibrosis(111).
4. Danshaohuaxian
The study of the effects of Danshaohuaxian (DSHX), a Chinese herbal recipe, on the apoptosis and cell cycles of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in rat hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanisms, conducted by the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, indicated that DSHX capsule shows certain therapeutic effects on hepatic fibrosis in rats and inhibits abnormal deposition of COL(112)
5. Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction
Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction can inhibit hepatic fibrosis due to chronic liver injury, delay the development of cirrhosis, and notably ameliorate liver function. It may be used as a safe and effective thera-peutic drug for patients with fibrosis, according to the study by the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College.
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(109) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20333785
(110) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163593
(111) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23234152
(112) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15641146
(113). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567088
Treatments In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Yangyin Ruanjian decoction (HYRD)
In the study to explore the anti-fibrotic effect of Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian decoction (HYRD) on CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its modulation on the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-Smad signaling pathway, by Tianjin Medical University, showed that HYRD can inhibit hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) in rats, which is probably associated with its down-regulation on fibrogenic signal transduction of TGFbeta-Smad pathway(109).
2. JinSanE decoction
In the study to assess the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, JinSanE decoction, on the TGF-beta1/Smads signal transduction pathway in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis model in rats, conducted by the Wuhan University, indicated that compared with the hepatic fibrosis model group, the levels of TGF-beta1, TRII mRNA and Smad3 expression significantly decreased in the 2 treatment groups. The expression of Smad7 was significantly increased in the liver of the rats treated with JinSanE (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The histological changes of fibrotic liver were obviously improved in the treatment rats. The levels of liver HYP, serum liver function and HA were also remarkably improved in the treatment rats. Moreover, the effects of JinSanE occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the process of the protection of liver injury and fibrosis. JinSanE decoction had a protective effect on liver injury and could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in rats. The mechanisms might be associated with their effects of down-regulating TGF-beta1, TRII mRNA and Smad3, and up-regulating Smad7(110).
3. Kang'ai injection
In the study to investigate the inhibition role of Kang'ai injection (KAI) in rats with hepatic fibrosis, showed that Kang'ai injection could inhibit the formation of DEN-induced liver fibrosis(111).
4. Danshaohuaxian
The study of the effects of Danshaohuaxian (DSHX), a Chinese herbal recipe, on the apoptosis and cell cycles of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in rat hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanisms, conducted by the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, indicated that DSHX capsule shows certain therapeutic effects on hepatic fibrosis in rats and inhibits abnormal deposition of COL(112)
5. Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction
Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction can inhibit hepatic fibrosis due to chronic liver injury, delay the development of cirrhosis, and notably ameliorate liver function. It may be used as a safe and effective thera-peutic drug for patients with fibrosis, according to the study by the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
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Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(109) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20333785
(110) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163593
(111) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23234152
(112) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15641146
(113). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567088
Cirrhosis Treatments In herbal medicine perspective
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatments In herbal medicine perspective
1. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract
In the study to to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract on experimental liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male albino mice, found that G. biloba leaves extract has a potential activity against TAA-induced liver fibrosis and suggested that the chemical constituents of G. biloba are effective in modulation of oxidative stress induced by TAA(103).
Other study found that extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid has been effective on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))(104).
2. Cynanchum auriculatum
The investigation of the effect of general glycosides from Cynanchun auriculatum of Jiangsu on liver fibrosis of rats, found that the elevation of serum GPT, GOT, HA, PCIll, MDA and HyP and the content of liver homogenates were attanuated remarkably by BSW treatment. BSW groups also increased the level of SOD of liver homogenates, and make the fibrotic liver better(105).
3. Bupleurum falcatum L. (Umbelliferae).
In the study to investigate the suppressive effect of saikosaponin-d (SSd) on hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by CCl(4) injections in combination with alcohol and high fat, low protein feeding and its relationship with the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins-6 (IL-6), showed that SSd attenuates CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, which may be related to its effects of hepato-protective and anti-inflammation properties, the down-regulation of liver TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaBp65 expression and the increased I-kappaBalpha activity in liver(106).
4. Rhubarb
Emodin is a orange crystalline compound, C14H4O2(OH)3CH3 found in rhubarb and other plants.
In the study to investigate the role of emodin in protecting the liver against fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats and to further explore the underlying mechanisms, showed that
Emodin protects the rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis(107).
Other in the study of "Traditional herbal medicine used associated with liver fibrosis in rural Rakai, Uganda", concerned that Pharmacokinetic and prospective clinical studies are needed to inform herb safety recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa. Counseling about herb use should be part of routine health counseling and counseling of HIV-infected persons in Uganda, according to the study by the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala(108).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
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Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(104) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804984
(105) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20067024
(106) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278221
(107) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824107
(108) http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041737
Treatments In herbal medicine perspective
1. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract
In the study to to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract on experimental liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male albino mice, found that G. biloba leaves extract has a potential activity against TAA-induced liver fibrosis and suggested that the chemical constituents of G. biloba are effective in modulation of oxidative stress induced by TAA(103).
Other study found that extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid has been effective on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))(104).
2. Cynanchum auriculatum
The investigation of the effect of general glycosides from Cynanchun auriculatum of Jiangsu on liver fibrosis of rats, found that the elevation of serum GPT, GOT, HA, PCIll, MDA and HyP and the content of liver homogenates were attanuated remarkably by BSW treatment. BSW groups also increased the level of SOD of liver homogenates, and make the fibrotic liver better(105).
3. Bupleurum falcatum L. (Umbelliferae).
In the study to investigate the suppressive effect of saikosaponin-d (SSd) on hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by CCl(4) injections in combination with alcohol and high fat, low protein feeding and its relationship with the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins-6 (IL-6), showed that SSd attenuates CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, which may be related to its effects of hepato-protective and anti-inflammation properties, the down-regulation of liver TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaBp65 expression and the increased I-kappaBalpha activity in liver(106).
4. Rhubarb
Emodin is a orange crystalline compound, C14H4O2(OH)3CH3 found in rhubarb and other plants.
In the study to investigate the role of emodin in protecting the liver against fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats and to further explore the underlying mechanisms, showed that
Emodin protects the rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis(107).
Other in the study of "Traditional herbal medicine used associated with liver fibrosis in rural Rakai, Uganda", concerned that Pharmacokinetic and prospective clinical studies are needed to inform herb safety recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa. Counseling about herb use should be part of routine health counseling and counseling of HIV-infected persons in Uganda, according to the study by the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala(108).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(104) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804984
(105) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20067024
(106) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278221
(107) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824107
(108) http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041737
Cirrhosis Surgery
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatments in Conventional Medicine
A.3. Surgery
Liver transplant may be the best choice for some patients with chronic liver cirrhosis as it has been proven to improve the chances of long-term survival.
The main advantage of LDLT is the availability of an organ in the elective setting in the course of a progressive liver disease. This is most applicable in patients with Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma. LDLT, from the donor's perspective does carry a risk of not only morbidity but mortality. To date the surgical mortality risk is estimated at 0.1% for left lateral donation and 0.5% for right liver donation. There are reports of complications like Hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis and especially biliary leaks and strictures occurring at a significantly increased frequency after living as compared to deceased donor liver transplantation(102).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
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Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(102) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372315
Treatments in Conventional Medicine
A.3. Surgery
Liver transplant may be the best choice for some patients with chronic liver cirrhosis as it has been proven to improve the chances of long-term survival.
The main advantage of LDLT is the availability of an organ in the elective setting in the course of a progressive liver disease. This is most applicable in patients with Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma. LDLT, from the donor's perspective does carry a risk of not only morbidity but mortality. To date the surgical mortality risk is estimated at 0.1% for left lateral donation and 0.5% for right liver donation. There are reports of complications like Hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis and especially biliary leaks and strictures occurring at a significantly increased frequency after living as compared to deceased donor liver transplantation(102).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(102) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372315
Cirrhosis - Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis - Hepatic encephalopathy
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Hepatic encephalopathy a condition of liver failure causes of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma.
A.2.4.1. In conventional medicine
1. Antibiotics
In the study to test Prominent antibiotics such as neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin and rifaximin for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), showed that despite its cost in the US, rifaximin may prove cost-saving by preventing hospitalizations for overt HE. In minimal/covert HE, rifaximin is the only systematically studied antibiotic. Rifaximin showed improvement in cognition, inflammation, quality-of-life and driving simulator performance but cost-analysis does not favor its use at the current time. Antibiotics, especially rifaximin, have a definite role in the management across the spectrum of HE.
However the limited numbers studied, adverse effects (neomycin oto- and nephrotoxicity, metronidazole neurotoxicity) and potential for resistance emergence (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) has limited the use of most antibiotics, apart from rifaximin which has the greatest evidence base(97).
2. Combination therapy
In the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), showed that he evidence evaluating the use of combination therapy for the treatment of HE does not support its widespread use. The combination of rifaximin and lactulose may be considered in the treatment of HE and in patients refractory to monotherapy. The combination of rifaximin and lactulose should be considered for the prevention of HE, especially after the second episode of HE recurrence(98).
3. L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA)
L-Ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) has been shown to reduce ammonia and improve psychometric function in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. In the study to assess the effect of LOLA in healthy patients with cirrhosis and no evidence of clinical encephalopathy after challenging the central nervous system by administration of oral glutamine, found that LOLA ameliorated the deleterious psychometric effects of glutamine in Child's grade B and C patients with cirrhosis without TIPS and supports its use in clinical practice in hepatic encephalopathy(99).
A.2.4.2. In herbal medicine
Morin is a bioflavonoid, a constituent of many herbs and fruits that are used as herbal medicines and also several biological activities. According to the study by Annamalai University, oxidative stress was effectively modulated by morin administration. Morin significantly improved the status of antioxidants and decreased the levels of ammonia, urea, TBARS, HP and liver markers enzymes, as compared to the AC-treated group. There is an evidence for the antihyperammonaemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of morin against oxidative stress induced by AC(100).
A.2.4.1. In traditional Chinese medicine
In the study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recent survival rates of high-dose herbs Qingre Huayu with the function of clearing heat and resolving stasis, in patients with hepatitis B-related ACLF with heat toxin stagnation syndrome, found that high doses of Qingre Huayu herbs can significantly improve liver function and coagulation function, reduce complications, and reduce mortality in patients with hepatitis B-related ACLF(101).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(97) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389621
(98) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092866
(99) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10986219
(100) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756351
(101) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313885
(102) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372315
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Hepatic encephalopathy a condition of liver failure causes of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma.
A.2.4.1. In conventional medicine
1. Antibiotics
In the study to test Prominent antibiotics such as neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin and rifaximin for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), showed that despite its cost in the US, rifaximin may prove cost-saving by preventing hospitalizations for overt HE. In minimal/covert HE, rifaximin is the only systematically studied antibiotic. Rifaximin showed improvement in cognition, inflammation, quality-of-life and driving simulator performance but cost-analysis does not favor its use at the current time. Antibiotics, especially rifaximin, have a definite role in the management across the spectrum of HE.
However the limited numbers studied, adverse effects (neomycin oto- and nephrotoxicity, metronidazole neurotoxicity) and potential for resistance emergence (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) has limited the use of most antibiotics, apart from rifaximin which has the greatest evidence base(97).
2. Combination therapy
In the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), showed that he evidence evaluating the use of combination therapy for the treatment of HE does not support its widespread use. The combination of rifaximin and lactulose may be considered in the treatment of HE and in patients refractory to monotherapy. The combination of rifaximin and lactulose should be considered for the prevention of HE, especially after the second episode of HE recurrence(98).
3. L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA)
L-Ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) has been shown to reduce ammonia and improve psychometric function in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. In the study to assess the effect of LOLA in healthy patients with cirrhosis and no evidence of clinical encephalopathy after challenging the central nervous system by administration of oral glutamine, found that LOLA ameliorated the deleterious psychometric effects of glutamine in Child's grade B and C patients with cirrhosis without TIPS and supports its use in clinical practice in hepatic encephalopathy(99).
A.2.4.2. In herbal medicine
Morin is a bioflavonoid, a constituent of many herbs and fruits that are used as herbal medicines and also several biological activities. According to the study by Annamalai University, oxidative stress was effectively modulated by morin administration. Morin significantly improved the status of antioxidants and decreased the levels of ammonia, urea, TBARS, HP and liver markers enzymes, as compared to the AC-treated group. There is an evidence for the antihyperammonaemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of morin against oxidative stress induced by AC(100).
A.2.4.1. In traditional Chinese medicine
In the study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recent survival rates of high-dose herbs Qingre Huayu with the function of clearing heat and resolving stasis, in patients with hepatitis B-related ACLF with heat toxin stagnation syndrome, found that high doses of Qingre Huayu herbs can significantly improve liver function and coagulation function, reduce complications, and reduce mortality in patients with hepatitis B-related ACLF(101).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(97) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389621
(98) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092866
(99) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10986219
(100) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756351
(101) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313885
(102) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372315
Cirrhosis - Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis -Variceal bleeding
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Variceal bleeding as a complication of liver cirrhosis is a result of veins in the esophagus, stomach, and rectum enlarge due to blood flow through the liver was blocked. Patients with variceal bleeding, are at 70% greater risk to have a further bleed within 2 yr after, and patients with acute variceal bleeding has a significant mortality of 5% to 50%.
The amin purpose of the treatment to reduce and stop blood loss
A.2.3.1. In conventional medicine
Portal hypertension can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage, ascites, and encephalopathy. In the study to review the pathophysiology and multidisciplinary management of portal hypertension and its complications, including the indications for and techniques of the various surgical shunts. Variceal bleeding is the most dreaded complication of portal hypertension, showed that treatment of acute variceal bleeding includes resuscitation followed by upper endoscopy for sclerosis or band ligation of varices, which can control bleeding in up to 85% of patients. Medical therapies such as vasopressin and somatostatin can also be useful adjuncts. Shunt therapy, preferably the placement of a TIPS, is indicated for refractory acute variceal bleeding. Recurrent variceal bleeding is common and is associated with a high mortality. Therapies to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding include chronic endoscopic therapy, nonselective beta-blockade, operative or nonoperative (TIPS) shunts, devascularization operations, and liver transplantation. Recommendations and a treatment algorithm are provided, taking into account both the etiology and the manifestations of portal hypertension(90).
1. Anticoagulation
In the study to determine the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation treatment for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding, with patient eligibility determined by contrast ultrasonography findings, indicated that early anticoagulation treatment in cirrhosis patients with portal vein thrombosis and acute variceal bleeding may be safe, tolerated, and effective in cases with positive intra-thrombus enhancement on contrast ultrasonography(91).
2. Prophylactic antibiotics
According to the study by Jasmohan S Bajaj, MD, Arun J Sanyal, MD, in the article of Treatment of active variceal hemorrhag, Multiple trials evaluating the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for bleeding suggest an overall reduction in infectious complications and possibly decreased mortality. Antibiotics may also reduce the risk of recurrent bleeding in hospitalized patients who bled from esophageal varices. Thus, patients with cirrhosis who present with upper GI bleeding(92).
3. Variceal banding ligation and Injection sclerotherapy
Injection sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices is undoubtedly beneficial but it is associated with a substantial complication rate, and variceal rebleeding is common during the treatment period before variceal obliteration is achieved. According to the study to compare whether endoscopic variceal banding ligation is safer and more effective by King's College Hospital, showed that there was no difference in outcome between the groups, but 14 sclerotherapy patients were withdrawn from the trial (7 for orthotopic liver transplantation) compared with only 5 (1 for liver transplantation) in the banding ligation group (p < 0.05). Complication rates were similar in the two groups. Variceal banding ligation is a safe and effective technique, which obliterates varices more quickly and with a lower rebleeding rate than injection sclerotherapy(93).
4. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) and endoscopy
According to the study to compare early use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with endoscopic treatment (ET) for the prophylaxis of recurrent variceal bleedingby the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, early use of TIPS is more effective than endoscopic treatment in preventing variceal rebleeding and improving survival rate, and does not increase occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(94).
5. Distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS)
In the study to examine the cost and cost effectiveness of distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the prevention of variceal rebleeding, showed that
TIPS is as effective as DSRS in preventing variceal rebleeding and may be more cost effective. TIPS, in all aspects, is equal to DSRS in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients who are medical failures(95).
6. Periesophagogastric devascularization and fundectomy
Cirrhotic patients with gastric fundal bleeding occasionally require operative intervention. According to the study by the Seoul National University, indicated that patients who were successfully stabilized by preoperative endoscopic intervention had significantly lower mortality ( p < 0.001). During follow-up there was no recurrent bleeding from gastric varices, and there was only one case (4.35%) of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Hence, periesophagogastric devascularization and fundectomy offers an alternative operative method for cirrhotic patients with variceal hemorrhaging from the gastric fundus(96).
7. Etc.
A.2.3.2. In traditional Chinese medicine
In the study to find a method for inducing Chinese drugs to adhere to the esophageal mucosa to control bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices, showed that The adhesion of Chinese hemostatie drugs remained in the lower segment of esophagus for more than 15 minutes in lying posture, longer than that in standing posture (P < 0.01). (2) The effectiveness of controlling bleeding esophageal varices had no significant difference between the balloon tamponade and adhesion of Chinese hemostatie drugs (P >0. 05)(96a).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(90) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16137597
(91) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22472055
(92) http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-active-variceal-hemorrhage
(93) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8101900
(94) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326143
(95) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045724
(96) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14994139
(96a) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02935102
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Variceal bleeding as a complication of liver cirrhosis is a result of veins in the esophagus, stomach, and rectum enlarge due to blood flow through the liver was blocked. Patients with variceal bleeding, are at 70% greater risk to have a further bleed within 2 yr after, and patients with acute variceal bleeding has a significant mortality of 5% to 50%.
The amin purpose of the treatment to reduce and stop blood loss
A.2.3.1. In conventional medicine
Portal hypertension can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage, ascites, and encephalopathy. In the study to review the pathophysiology and multidisciplinary management of portal hypertension and its complications, including the indications for and techniques of the various surgical shunts. Variceal bleeding is the most dreaded complication of portal hypertension, showed that treatment of acute variceal bleeding includes resuscitation followed by upper endoscopy for sclerosis or band ligation of varices, which can control bleeding in up to 85% of patients. Medical therapies such as vasopressin and somatostatin can also be useful adjuncts. Shunt therapy, preferably the placement of a TIPS, is indicated for refractory acute variceal bleeding. Recurrent variceal bleeding is common and is associated with a high mortality. Therapies to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding include chronic endoscopic therapy, nonselective beta-blockade, operative or nonoperative (TIPS) shunts, devascularization operations, and liver transplantation. Recommendations and a treatment algorithm are provided, taking into account both the etiology and the manifestations of portal hypertension(90).
1. Anticoagulation
In the study to determine the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation treatment for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding, with patient eligibility determined by contrast ultrasonography findings, indicated that early anticoagulation treatment in cirrhosis patients with portal vein thrombosis and acute variceal bleeding may be safe, tolerated, and effective in cases with positive intra-thrombus enhancement on contrast ultrasonography(91).
2. Prophylactic antibiotics
According to the study by Jasmohan S Bajaj, MD, Arun J Sanyal, MD, in the article of Treatment of active variceal hemorrhag, Multiple trials evaluating the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for bleeding suggest an overall reduction in infectious complications and possibly decreased mortality. Antibiotics may also reduce the risk of recurrent bleeding in hospitalized patients who bled from esophageal varices. Thus, patients with cirrhosis who present with upper GI bleeding(92).
3. Variceal banding ligation and Injection sclerotherapy
Injection sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices is undoubtedly beneficial but it is associated with a substantial complication rate, and variceal rebleeding is common during the treatment period before variceal obliteration is achieved. According to the study to compare whether endoscopic variceal banding ligation is safer and more effective by King's College Hospital, showed that there was no difference in outcome between the groups, but 14 sclerotherapy patients were withdrawn from the trial (7 for orthotopic liver transplantation) compared with only 5 (1 for liver transplantation) in the banding ligation group (p < 0.05). Complication rates were similar in the two groups. Variceal banding ligation is a safe and effective technique, which obliterates varices more quickly and with a lower rebleeding rate than injection sclerotherapy(93).
4. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) and endoscopy
According to the study to compare early use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with endoscopic treatment (ET) for the prophylaxis of recurrent variceal bleedingby the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, early use of TIPS is more effective than endoscopic treatment in preventing variceal rebleeding and improving survival rate, and does not increase occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(94).
5. Distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS)
In the study to examine the cost and cost effectiveness of distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the prevention of variceal rebleeding, showed that
TIPS is as effective as DSRS in preventing variceal rebleeding and may be more cost effective. TIPS, in all aspects, is equal to DSRS in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients who are medical failures(95).
6. Periesophagogastric devascularization and fundectomy
Cirrhotic patients with gastric fundal bleeding occasionally require operative intervention. According to the study by the Seoul National University, indicated that patients who were successfully stabilized by preoperative endoscopic intervention had significantly lower mortality ( p < 0.001). During follow-up there was no recurrent bleeding from gastric varices, and there was only one case (4.35%) of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Hence, periesophagogastric devascularization and fundectomy offers an alternative operative method for cirrhotic patients with variceal hemorrhaging from the gastric fundus(96).
7. Etc.
A.2.3.2. In traditional Chinese medicine
In the study to find a method for inducing Chinese drugs to adhere to the esophageal mucosa to control bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices, showed that The adhesion of Chinese hemostatie drugs remained in the lower segment of esophagus for more than 15 minutes in lying posture, longer than that in standing posture (P < 0.01). (2) The effectiveness of controlling bleeding esophageal varices had no significant difference between the balloon tamponade and adhesion of Chinese hemostatie drugs (P >0. 05)(96a).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(90) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16137597
(91) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22472055
(92) http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-active-variceal-hemorrhage
(93) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8101900
(94) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326143
(95) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045724
(96) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14994139
(96a) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02935102
Cirrhosis - Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis - Liver Cancer
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Liver Cancer(89)
A.2.2.1 In conventional medicine perspective
1. Surgery
a. The aim of the treatment is to cure the cancer with surgery, if possible. Otherwise, treatments are focused to treat and control the symptoms as long as possible. Surgical resection is the best chance for a cure, because of it liver's ability to regenerate when part of it is removed.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Transplantation
a. Liver is the second most commonly transplanted major organ, after kidney. Statistic from United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) showed there are over 17,000 people in the US alone in a waiting list. The procedure of the transplant is to remove the failed liver by replacing it with the healthy donor's liver.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Surgical and anesthesia risks
b.2. Rejection
New implant liver is rejected by the immune system
b.3. Nausea
b.4. Pain
b.5. Fever
Due to infection
b.6. Jaundice
As the result of new liver has not function well.
b.7. Weakened immune system
Due to drugs used to suppress the immune system for accepting the implanted liver.
b.8. Side effects of drugs use
b.9. Etc.
3. Hepatic arterial embolisation
a. It is a procedure with an aim to block the blood supply to the tumor in the liver if liver surgery is not possible. It is considered effective if the vessels which supply oxygen and nutrients to the tumor has been cut off, leading to shrinking of the tumor. In hepatic arterial embolization, a narrow tube is inserted into a blood vessel through a small cut in the groin then passed up to the artery blood vessel to block the blood flow to the liver's tumor.
b. Side effects
It is important to note that side effects will disappeared in a few days.
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Back pain
b.3. Fever
b.4, Etc.
4. Ablative therapy
a. Ablative therapy has been quite sometime to treat hepatocellular carcinoma by destroying the tumor without removing it, including the uses of heating with radio waves and microwaves, alcohol and freezing (Crytherapy).
b. Risk and side effects
b.1. Belly pain
b.2. Infection
b.3. Bleeding in the chest or abdomen
b.4. Etc.
5. Radiotherapy
By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills liver cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. Depending to stage or grade there are two types of radiation therapy.
a. External radiation
By using a machine outside the body to send direct high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation toward the cancer.
b. Internal radiation
By placing a radioactive substance direct into or near the cancer by a medical instrument with the aim to kill nearby cancer cells.
c. Side effects
c.1.. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
6. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
A.2.2.2. in Herbal medicine perspective
1. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
2. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is an evergreen tree, genus Cinnamomum, belonging to family Lauraceae, native to southern China, Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam. In a study in 2005. researcher found that Chemical aspects of coumarin compounds in cinnamon for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas.
3. Scutellaria
Scutellaria is also known as skullcaps, a genus of flowering plants, genus Scutellaria, belonging to family Lamiaceae. In a study of Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Scutellaria Baicalensis, researchers found that Scutellaria baicalensis selectively and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and can be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression may be responsible for its anticancer activity.
4. Japanese carnelian cherry
Japanese cornelian cherry is a genus Cornus, belonging to family Cornaceae, native in China, Japan and Koren. In a study of Chemoprevention against hepatocellular carcinoma ( liver cancer ) of Cornus officinalis in vitro by Am J Chin Med. 2004, researcher found that extracts of Cornus officinalis possessed the anti-oxidant activity through free radicals scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 microg/ml. In summary, our experiment implied that C. officinalis might be a candidate for chemopreventive agent against hepatocellular carcinoma through the antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects
5. Etc.
A.2.2.3. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Rou Qui
Rou Qui is also known as Cinnamon Bark. The sweet, acrid and very warm herb has been used in TCM to treat cold limbs, cold limbs, diarrhea, muscle spasm, headache, back pain, sweating and impotent and promote urination as it tonifies fire, enhances yang, disperses cold and promotes circulation in the channels by enhancing the functions of heart, ling and gallbladder channels. In a study in 2005. researcher found that Chemical aspects of coumarin compounds in cinnamon for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas.
2. Nu Zhen Zi
Nu zhen Zi is also known as privet fruit. The bitter, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti inflammatory, anti cancer and anti oxidization medicine and to regulate immune system, lower blood sugar as it tonifies the liver and kidney, benefits the liver and kidney and clears heat by enhancing the function of liver and kidney channels.
3. Bai Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and to treat tumors and cancer as it clears heat, expels toxins, eliminates stagnation, stops bleeding and calms pain by enhancing the functions of lung, liver, spleen, stomach and large intestine channels. In vitro study, essential oil extract of 200mg/ml of the herb possesses the effect of inhibiting the tissues of rectum cancer or colon cancer.
In lab tests of animals and breast-cancer cells, BZL101 caused apoptosis or cell death, researchers found.
4. Long Kui
Long Kui is also known as wonderberry. The bitter, cold, slightly sweet and toxic herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and antipyretic and to treat acute kidney inflammation, chronic bronchitis, throat cancer, larynx Cancer, uterus cancer as it clears heat, eliminates toxin, improve urination by enhancing the function of liver, kidney and stomach channels. A study was done at the College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering at the Yanshan University in Hebei, China, researcher found that the tumor growth inhibition of long kui polysaccarides might correlate with the reduction of TNF-alpha level of blood serum, which resulted in a massive necrosis (accidental death of cells) in tumor tissues and the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and mutant p53 gene expression, which triggered apoptosis in tumor cells.
5. Bai Hua She She Cao
Bai Hua She She Cao is also known as spreading hedyotis, The bitter, sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-virus agent and to treat snakebite and enhances immune system as it clears heat, drains dampness, expels toxins and resolves abscesses by enhancing the functions of liver, stomach, large intestine channels.
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(89) (http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2011/06/cancer-from-b-to-t-most-common-types-of_20.html)
Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis
Liver Cancer(89)
A.2.2.1 In conventional medicine perspective
1. Surgery
a. The aim of the treatment is to cure the cancer with surgery, if possible. Otherwise, treatments are focused to treat and control the symptoms as long as possible. Surgical resection is the best chance for a cure, because of it liver's ability to regenerate when part of it is removed.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Transplantation
a. Liver is the second most commonly transplanted major organ, after kidney. Statistic from United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) showed there are over 17,000 people in the US alone in a waiting list. The procedure of the transplant is to remove the failed liver by replacing it with the healthy donor's liver.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Surgical and anesthesia risks
b.2. Rejection
New implant liver is rejected by the immune system
b.3. Nausea
b.4. Pain
b.5. Fever
Due to infection
b.6. Jaundice
As the result of new liver has not function well.
b.7. Weakened immune system
Due to drugs used to suppress the immune system for accepting the implanted liver.
b.8. Side effects of drugs use
b.9. Etc.
3. Hepatic arterial embolisation
a. It is a procedure with an aim to block the blood supply to the tumor in the liver if liver surgery is not possible. It is considered effective if the vessels which supply oxygen and nutrients to the tumor has been cut off, leading to shrinking of the tumor. In hepatic arterial embolization, a narrow tube is inserted into a blood vessel through a small cut in the groin then passed up to the artery blood vessel to block the blood flow to the liver's tumor.
b. Side effects
It is important to note that side effects will disappeared in a few days.
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Back pain
b.3. Fever
b.4, Etc.
4. Ablative therapy
a. Ablative therapy has been quite sometime to treat hepatocellular carcinoma by destroying the tumor without removing it, including the uses of heating with radio waves and microwaves, alcohol and freezing (Crytherapy).
b. Risk and side effects
b.1. Belly pain
b.2. Infection
b.3. Bleeding in the chest or abdomen
b.4. Etc.
5. Radiotherapy
By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills liver cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. Depending to stage or grade there are two types of radiation therapy.
a. External radiation
By using a machine outside the body to send direct high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation toward the cancer.
b. Internal radiation
By placing a radioactive substance direct into or near the cancer by a medical instrument with the aim to kill nearby cancer cells.
c. Side effects
c.1.. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
6. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
A.2.2.2. in Herbal medicine perspective
1. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
2. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is an evergreen tree, genus Cinnamomum, belonging to family Lauraceae, native to southern China, Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam. In a study in 2005. researcher found that Chemical aspects of coumarin compounds in cinnamon for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas.
3. Scutellaria
Scutellaria is also known as skullcaps, a genus of flowering plants, genus Scutellaria, belonging to family Lamiaceae. In a study of Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Scutellaria Baicalensis, researchers found that Scutellaria baicalensis selectively and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and can be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression may be responsible for its anticancer activity.
4. Japanese carnelian cherry
Japanese cornelian cherry is a genus Cornus, belonging to family Cornaceae, native in China, Japan and Koren. In a study of Chemoprevention against hepatocellular carcinoma ( liver cancer ) of Cornus officinalis in vitro by Am J Chin Med. 2004, researcher found that extracts of Cornus officinalis possessed the anti-oxidant activity through free radicals scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 microg/ml. In summary, our experiment implied that C. officinalis might be a candidate for chemopreventive agent against hepatocellular carcinoma through the antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects
5. Etc.
A.2.2.3. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Rou Qui
Rou Qui is also known as Cinnamon Bark. The sweet, acrid and very warm herb has been used in TCM to treat cold limbs, cold limbs, diarrhea, muscle spasm, headache, back pain, sweating and impotent and promote urination as it tonifies fire, enhances yang, disperses cold and promotes circulation in the channels by enhancing the functions of heart, ling and gallbladder channels. In a study in 2005. researcher found that Chemical aspects of coumarin compounds in cinnamon for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas.
2. Nu Zhen Zi
Nu zhen Zi is also known as privet fruit. The bitter, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti inflammatory, anti cancer and anti oxidization medicine and to regulate immune system, lower blood sugar as it tonifies the liver and kidney, benefits the liver and kidney and clears heat by enhancing the function of liver and kidney channels.
3. Bai Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and to treat tumors and cancer as it clears heat, expels toxins, eliminates stagnation, stops bleeding and calms pain by enhancing the functions of lung, liver, spleen, stomach and large intestine channels. In vitro study, essential oil extract of 200mg/ml of the herb possesses the effect of inhibiting the tissues of rectum cancer or colon cancer.
In lab tests of animals and breast-cancer cells, BZL101 caused apoptosis or cell death, researchers found.
4. Long Kui
Long Kui is also known as wonderberry. The bitter, cold, slightly sweet and toxic herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and antipyretic and to treat acute kidney inflammation, chronic bronchitis, throat cancer, larynx Cancer, uterus cancer as it clears heat, eliminates toxin, improve urination by enhancing the function of liver, kidney and stomach channels. A study was done at the College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering at the Yanshan University in Hebei, China, researcher found that the tumor growth inhibition of long kui polysaccarides might correlate with the reduction of TNF-alpha level of blood serum, which resulted in a massive necrosis (accidental death of cells) in tumor tissues and the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and mutant p53 gene expression, which triggered apoptosis in tumor cells.
5. Bai Hua She She Cao
Bai Hua She She Cao is also known as spreading hedyotis, The bitter, sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-virus agent and to treat snakebite and enhances immune system as it clears heat, drains dampness, expels toxins and resolves abscesses by enhancing the functions of liver, stomach, large intestine channels.
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
7. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(89) (http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2011/06/cancer-from-b-to-t-most-common-types-of_20.html)
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