Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Phytochemicals to prevent Cirrhosis
1. Emodin
Emodin is a orange crystalline compound, C14H4O2(OH)3CH3 found in rhubarb and other plants.
In the study to investigate the role of emodin in protecting the liver
against fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats
and to further explore the underlying mechanisms, showed that
Emodin protects the rat liver from
CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might
be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis(58).
2. Hesperetin
Hesperetin is flavonoids derived from Citrus fruits. In the study to
evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of hesperetin (HTN) on cadmium (Cd)
induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats, showed that HTN at a dose
of 40 mg/kg body weight/day exhibits significant (p<0.05)
hepatoprotection compared with other two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg body
weight/day). The histopathological studies in the liver of rats also supported that HTN (40 mg/kg) markedly reduced the toxicity of Cd and preserved the histoarchitecture of the liver tissue to near normal(59).
3. Silibinin
Silibinin (SB) is a major flavonolignan compound of silimarin and is
found in milk thistle of Silybum marianum. In the study to delineate
the ameliorative role of silibinin against arsenic-induced
hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were orally treated with arsenic alone
(5 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) plus silibinin (75 mg/kg bw/day) for
4weeks, showed that administration of silibinin exhibited a
significant reversal of arsenic-induced toxicity in hepatic tissue. All
these changes were supported by reduction of DNA damage in hepatocytes
and histopathological observations of the liver(60).
4. Diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS)
diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) is a natural compound found abundantly in
fresh and aged garlic. According to the study by Annamalai University,
administration of DTS at 40 mg/kg body weight significantly normalised
the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, compared to other doses of DTS
(10 and 20 mg/kg body weight). In addition, DTS (40 mg/kg body weight)
significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and the level of lipid
peroxidation, and restored the level of antioxidant defense in the liver.
Histological studies also showed that administration of DTS to
Cd-treated rats resulted in a marked improvement of hepatocytes
morphology with mild portal inflammation(61).
5. Phyto-power dietary supplement
Curcumin has been extensively studied for its therapeutic effects in a variety of disorders. Fermented soy
consumption is associated with a low incidence rate of chronic diseases
in many Asian countries. According to the study by the Chang Jung
Christian University, phyto-power dietary supplement (50 or 100 mg
kg(-1)) was administered by oral gavage daily for four weeks. Liver
morphology, function, and fibrotic status were examined in DMN induced
hepatic fibrogenesis. However, a phyto-power dietary supplement
alleviated liver damage as indicated by
histopathological examination of the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and
collagen I, accompanied by the concomitant reduction of transforming
growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)(62).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(58) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824107
(59) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134734
(60) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22229868
(61) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17698948
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23291610
Tuesday, 3 December 2013
Cirrhosis Preventions - The Diet
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Prevention
A. Diets to prevent Cirrhosis
1. Grren tea
green tea exhibits potent protective effects against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in mice by inhibiting oxidative damage and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
In the in vivo study to investiagte theantioxidant and antifibrotic properties of green tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) with a study of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in male ICR mice, found that oral administration of green tea extract at doses of 125, 625 and 1250 mg/kg for 8 weeks significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the liver by at least 28% compared with that was induced by CCl(4) (1 mL/kg) in mice.(52).
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental and industrial cumulative pollutant that affects many organs, especially the liver. In rat study, oral administration of green tea, along with cadmium significantly (p < 0.05) improves cadmium-induced liver dysfunction and stress oxidant in rats' liver(53).
2. Citrus fruits
Naringenin is a naturally occurring plant bioflavonoid found in citrus fruits, which has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. In the study conducted by Annamalai University,
Administration of naringenin at a dose of (50mg/kg) significantly reversed the activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes to their near-normal levels when compared to Cd-treated rats. In addition, naringenin significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and restored the levels of antioxidant defense in the liver(54).
3. Soy
In the study to evaluate the effects of soy supplementation on insulin resistance, fatty liver and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in non-diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), found that Soy supplementation decreased ALT levels and thus may improve liver inflammation in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients; it also reduced hepatic steatosis in a subgroup of patients but did not change insulin resistance. It should be considered in the nutritional care of HCV patients(55).
4. Grape
In the study to examine the effect of the grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on developing hepatic fibrosis that was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice, indicated that combined oral administration of GSPE at 100 mg/kg suppressed the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, with decreased collagen accumulation as demonstrated by histomorphological evaluation and quantitative RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was remarkably enhanced by TAA treatment(56).
Other in the study of Resveratrol Improves Intrahepatic Endothelial Dysfunction and Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis and Portal Pressure in Cirrhotic Rats, indicated that resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. administration reduces portal pressure, hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis, and improves hepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats, suggesting it may be a useful dietary supplement in the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis(57).
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194532
(53) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19399345
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409769
(55) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611313
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863721
(57) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262250
Prevention
A. Diets to prevent Cirrhosis
1. Grren tea
green tea exhibits potent protective effects against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in mice by inhibiting oxidative damage and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
In the in vivo study to investiagte theantioxidant and antifibrotic properties of green tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) with a study of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in male ICR mice, found that oral administration of green tea extract at doses of 125, 625 and 1250 mg/kg for 8 weeks significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the liver by at least 28% compared with that was induced by CCl(4) (1 mL/kg) in mice.(52).
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental and industrial cumulative pollutant that affects many organs, especially the liver. In rat study, oral administration of green tea, along with cadmium significantly (p < 0.05) improves cadmium-induced liver dysfunction and stress oxidant in rats' liver(53).
2. Citrus fruits
Naringenin is a naturally occurring plant bioflavonoid found in citrus fruits, which has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. In the study conducted by Annamalai University,
Administration of naringenin at a dose of (50mg/kg) significantly reversed the activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes to their near-normal levels when compared to Cd-treated rats. In addition, naringenin significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and restored the levels of antioxidant defense in the liver(54).
3. Soy
In the study to evaluate the effects of soy supplementation on insulin resistance, fatty liver and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in non-diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), found that Soy supplementation decreased ALT levels and thus may improve liver inflammation in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients; it also reduced hepatic steatosis in a subgroup of patients but did not change insulin resistance. It should be considered in the nutritional care of HCV patients(55).
4. Grape
In the study to examine the effect of the grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on developing hepatic fibrosis that was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice, indicated that combined oral administration of GSPE at 100 mg/kg suppressed the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, with decreased collagen accumulation as demonstrated by histomorphological evaluation and quantitative RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was remarkably enhanced by TAA treatment(56).
Other in the study of Resveratrol Improves Intrahepatic Endothelial Dysfunction and Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis and Portal Pressure in Cirrhotic Rats, indicated that resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. administration reduces portal pressure, hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis, and improves hepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats, suggesting it may be a useful dietary supplement in the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis(57).
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194532
(53) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19399345
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409769
(55) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611313
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863721
(57) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262250
Cirrhosis - The Diagnosis
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Diagnosis
After recording the physical examination, including exanination of the liver for enlargement (indication of early stahe of cirrhosis), hardening (indicated the end stge of the disease), symptoms of sweeling (indication of fluid retention) and family history, if you are suspective to have any form of liver diseases, the tests which your doctor orders may include
1. Blood test
The aim of the blood test is to measure the liver enzymes associated with liver function, including serum albumin concentration for the measuremant of the protein in the blood, Prothrombin time (PT) for the blood cloted time, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for the blokage of bible duct, Bilirubin (the yellow pigment are indication of liver damage)for the damage of liver.
2. Image tests
a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
In the study to evaluate the clinical practical value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements based on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for quantification of liver fibrosis and inflammation for hepatitis viral infection, found that the DWI measurement of hepatic ADC can be used to quantify liver fibrosis and inflammation. It will be a new approach for early diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of hepatic fibrosis(43).
Other study indicated that DWI is proved to be a useful clinical tool in the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis and in the prediction of the process of liver fibrosis with the recommendable b value (500 s/mm2)(44).
b. Computed tomography (CT)
The CTA was much more sensitive in detecting haemodynamic changes in the cirrhotic liver than CTAP, conventional CT and sinusoidal-phased hepatic angiography. Further study is required to clarify the mechanism of inhomogeneous enhancement on CTA and homogeneous enhancement on CTAP seen in cirrhosis, according to the study by the National Cancer Center Hospital(45).
Other report of Regenerative nodules in cirrhotic liver are visualized as enhancing nodules surrounded by lower attenuation thin septa at CTAP and nonenhancing nodules surrounded by enhancing fibrous septa at CTHA. CTHA is more sensitive than CTAP in depicting regenerative nodules (P < .005)(46).
c. Ultrasound
Ultrasound examination was performed in 80 hemodialysis (HD) patients divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 37 (46.3%) patients with US greater than 66, indicating the presence of compensated liver cirrhosis. The second group included 43 (53.7%) patients without liver cirrhosis, with US equal to or less than 66. The value of liver morphology was significantly higher,with chronic hepatitis C in order to determine the ultrasound predictors of compensated liver cirrhosis, found that
Ultrasound examination could be used for non-invasive diagnosis of compensated liver cirrhosis, with accurate estimation of the disease severity in HD patients with chronic hepatitis C(47).
3. Liver biopsy
In liver biopsy, a sample of the liver is withdrawn and examined under microscope to comfirm or rule out the disease. In the study to summarize the role of liver biopsy, transient elastography and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with liver cirrhosis, found that Transient elastography has some value for the prediction of clinically significant portal hypertension, but a large proportion of patients have non-diagnostic values. It has also some value for the diagnosis of varices, but non-invasive markers cannot substitute endoscopic screening in cirrhosis. Better dynamic, easily repeatable non-invasive tools are needed to monitor compensated cirrhosis(48). But other study indicated that Needle biopsy of the liver is considered the "gold-standard" for diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, it is not risk-free, lacks accuracy, and is poorly accepted by some patients, and suggested that Transient elastography is reliable in detecting moderate to severe fibrosis and cirrhosis and in ruling out cirrhosis, but is less reliable in ruling out moderate fibrosis. Composite scores based on blood assay values and complex calculations are unreliable when at least one of the score components is influenced by intercurrent conditions. FibroTest, FibroMeter and Hepascore have been tested in several thousand patients with chronic hepatitis C. With the manufacturers' recommended cutoff values, FibroTest identifies about 70% of patients with histological signs of moderate to severe fibrosis and about 90% of patients with histological signs of cirrhosis. It can reliably diagnose or rule out moderate fibrosis, and diagnose cirrhosis. It is also very reliable in ruling out cirrhosis. Hepascore has similar diagnostic performance. FibroMeter has been less extensively evaluated but also seems to have diagnostic performance similar to that of FibroTest(49).
4. Endoscopy
Endoscopy may be the best choice for patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate cirrhosis in order to screen for esophageal varices. According to the study by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, in the study of Patients with cirrhosis who undergo endoscopy under sedation could be at increased risk of complications, found that Propofol is safe in patients with cirrhosis and the critical flicker frequency (CFF) is a useful tool for the assessment of recovery from sedation in these patients(50).
5. Paracentesis
If there is evidence of fluid retention, paracentesis may be necessary to determine its cause. According to study, ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with noncirrhotic ascites for the effective of the treatments(51).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19862980
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18853855
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10535474
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207429
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354188
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560536.
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20455345
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547878
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455322
Diagnosis
After recording the physical examination, including exanination of the liver for enlargement (indication of early stahe of cirrhosis), hardening (indicated the end stge of the disease), symptoms of sweeling (indication of fluid retention) and family history, if you are suspective to have any form of liver diseases, the tests which your doctor orders may include
1. Blood test
The aim of the blood test is to measure the liver enzymes associated with liver function, including serum albumin concentration for the measuremant of the protein in the blood, Prothrombin time (PT) for the blood cloted time, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for the blokage of bible duct, Bilirubin (the yellow pigment are indication of liver damage)for the damage of liver.
2. Image tests
a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
In the study to evaluate the clinical practical value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements based on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for quantification of liver fibrosis and inflammation for hepatitis viral infection, found that the DWI measurement of hepatic ADC can be used to quantify liver fibrosis and inflammation. It will be a new approach for early diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of hepatic fibrosis(43).
Other study indicated that DWI is proved to be a useful clinical tool in the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis and in the prediction of the process of liver fibrosis with the recommendable b value (500 s/mm2)(44).
b. Computed tomography (CT)
The CTA was much more sensitive in detecting haemodynamic changes in the cirrhotic liver than CTAP, conventional CT and sinusoidal-phased hepatic angiography. Further study is required to clarify the mechanism of inhomogeneous enhancement on CTA and homogeneous enhancement on CTAP seen in cirrhosis, according to the study by the National Cancer Center Hospital(45).
Other report of Regenerative nodules in cirrhotic liver are visualized as enhancing nodules surrounded by lower attenuation thin septa at CTAP and nonenhancing nodules surrounded by enhancing fibrous septa at CTHA. CTHA is more sensitive than CTAP in depicting regenerative nodules (P < .005)(46).
c. Ultrasound
Ultrasound examination was performed in 80 hemodialysis (HD) patients divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 37 (46.3%) patients with US greater than 66, indicating the presence of compensated liver cirrhosis. The second group included 43 (53.7%) patients without liver cirrhosis, with US equal to or less than 66. The value of liver morphology was significantly higher,with chronic hepatitis C in order to determine the ultrasound predictors of compensated liver cirrhosis, found that
Ultrasound examination could be used for non-invasive diagnosis of compensated liver cirrhosis, with accurate estimation of the disease severity in HD patients with chronic hepatitis C(47).
3. Liver biopsy
In liver biopsy, a sample of the liver is withdrawn and examined under microscope to comfirm or rule out the disease. In the study to summarize the role of liver biopsy, transient elastography and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with liver cirrhosis, found that Transient elastography has some value for the prediction of clinically significant portal hypertension, but a large proportion of patients have non-diagnostic values. It has also some value for the diagnosis of varices, but non-invasive markers cannot substitute endoscopic screening in cirrhosis. Better dynamic, easily repeatable non-invasive tools are needed to monitor compensated cirrhosis(48). But other study indicated that Needle biopsy of the liver is considered the "gold-standard" for diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, it is not risk-free, lacks accuracy, and is poorly accepted by some patients, and suggested that Transient elastography is reliable in detecting moderate to severe fibrosis and cirrhosis and in ruling out cirrhosis, but is less reliable in ruling out moderate fibrosis. Composite scores based on blood assay values and complex calculations are unreliable when at least one of the score components is influenced by intercurrent conditions. FibroTest, FibroMeter and Hepascore have been tested in several thousand patients with chronic hepatitis C. With the manufacturers' recommended cutoff values, FibroTest identifies about 70% of patients with histological signs of moderate to severe fibrosis and about 90% of patients with histological signs of cirrhosis. It can reliably diagnose or rule out moderate fibrosis, and diagnose cirrhosis. It is also very reliable in ruling out cirrhosis. Hepascore has similar diagnostic performance. FibroMeter has been less extensively evaluated but also seems to have diagnostic performance similar to that of FibroTest(49).
4. Endoscopy
Endoscopy may be the best choice for patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate cirrhosis in order to screen for esophageal varices. According to the study by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, in the study of Patients with cirrhosis who undergo endoscopy under sedation could be at increased risk of complications, found that Propofol is safe in patients with cirrhosis and the critical flicker frequency (CFF) is a useful tool for the assessment of recovery from sedation in these patients(50).
5. Paracentesis
If there is evidence of fluid retention, paracentesis may be necessary to determine its cause. According to study, ascites is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to distinguish noncirrhotic from cirrhotic causes of ascites to guide therapy in patients with noncirrhotic ascites for the effective of the treatments(51).
6. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19862980
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18853855
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10535474
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207429
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354188
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560536.
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20455345
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547878
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455322
Cirrhosis - Conditions may be affected by Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Conditions may be affected by Cirrhosis
1. Pregnancy
As the treatment of cirrhosis improves, pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis is likely to become more common. Although maternal and fetal mortality is expected to similarly improve, pregnant patients with cirrhosis face unique risks, including higher rates of spontaneous abortion and prematurity and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage, hepatic decompensation, splenic artery aneurysm rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage(40).
2. Malnutrition
In the study to assess of 212 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis who were followed clinically for 2 y or until death. Body fat and evaluate muscle mass by triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), respectively, showed that thirty-four percent of patients had severe malnutrition as determined by MAMC and/or TSF below the 5th percentile and 20% had moderate malnutrition (MAMC and/or TSF < 10th percentile). Twenty-six percent of patients were overnourished (MAMC and/or TSF > 75th percentile). Severely and moderately malnourished patients had lower survival rates than normal and overnourished patients(41).
3. Obese and diabetic individuals
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world and its incidence is increasing rapidly. According to the study by Indiana University School of Medicine, indicated that NAFLD is a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis, which is relatively benign hepatically, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis. Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are the most important risk factors for NAFLD. Due to heavy enrichment with metabolic risk factors, individuals with NAFLD are at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Individuals with NAFLD have higher incidence of type 2 diabetes(42).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668664
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11399401
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363012
Conditions may be affected by Cirrhosis
1. Pregnancy
As the treatment of cirrhosis improves, pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis is likely to become more common. Although maternal and fetal mortality is expected to similarly improve, pregnant patients with cirrhosis face unique risks, including higher rates of spontaneous abortion and prematurity and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage, hepatic decompensation, splenic artery aneurysm rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage(40).
2. Malnutrition
In the study to assess of 212 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis who were followed clinically for 2 y or until death. Body fat and evaluate muscle mass by triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), respectively, showed that thirty-four percent of patients had severe malnutrition as determined by MAMC and/or TSF below the 5th percentile and 20% had moderate malnutrition (MAMC and/or TSF < 10th percentile). Twenty-six percent of patients were overnourished (MAMC and/or TSF > 75th percentile). Severely and moderately malnourished patients had lower survival rates than normal and overnourished patients(41).
3. Obese and diabetic individuals
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world and its incidence is increasing rapidly. According to the study by Indiana University School of Medicine, indicated that NAFLD is a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis, which is relatively benign hepatically, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis. Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are the most important risk factors for NAFLD. Due to heavy enrichment with metabolic risk factors, individuals with NAFLD are at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Individuals with NAFLD have higher incidence of type 2 diabetes(42).
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668664
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11399401
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363012
Cirrhosis - Diseases associated with Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Diseases associated Cirrhosis
1. Autoimmune diseases
In the study to assess the prevalence of concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)/primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome and applicability of the 'mosaic of autoimmunity' in these patients, in a population, 31 (43.6%) patients had extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (13 patients, 18.3%), Sjögren syndrome (six patients, 8.4%), celiac disease (three patients, 4.2%), psoriasis (three patients, 4.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (three patients, 4.2%), vitiligo (two patients, 2.8%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (two patients, 2.8%).conducted by the Numune Research and Education Hospital, showed that a large number of autoimmune diseases were associated with AIH/PBC overlap patients. Therefore, extended screening for existing autoimmune diseases during the routine assessment of these patients is recommended. The study also sugested that the concept of 'mosaic of autoimmunity' is a valid clinical entity that is applicable to patients with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome(34).
2. Cardiovascular disease
Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes are frequently observed in cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients, even in the presence of overt diabetes, are at low risk of cardiovascular disease. The low prevalence may be related to shorter duration of diabetic disease, also in relation to reduced life expectancy, as well as to liver disease-induced abnormalities protecting the cardiovascular system from atherosclerosis(35).
3. Hepatic angiomyolipoma
Hepatic angiomyolipomas are increasingly recognized as incidental findings during surveillance for cirrhosis or investigations for unrelated conditions. Awareness of their diverse morphological spectrum in liver biopsy is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic melanoma or other malignant neoplasms(36).
4. Obesity
Obesity is associated with an aggressive course in chronic viral hepatitis. In a randomized trial of beta-blockers in the prevention of varices in whom data on body mass index (BMI) was available, consisted of 161 patients with compensated cirrhosis, found that obesity has a deleterious effect on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis of all etiologies, independent of portal pressure and liver function. Weight reduction may be a valuable therapeutic measure in this patient population(37).
5. Steatohepatitis
According to the study by University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, age, activity of steatohepatitis, and established fibrosis predispose to cirrhosis, which has a 7- to 10-year liver-related mortality of 12% to 25%. Many cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis are likely endstage NASH. While endstage NAFLD currently accounts for 4% to 10% of liver transplants, this may soon rise(38).
6. Glycogen storage disease
Glycogen storage disease Ib is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism leading to impaired glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. There is a report of a case of on the development of liver cirrhosis in a nine-year-old boy in the course of glycogen storage disease Ib and discuss possible underlying pathomechanisms(39).
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22465972
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10086647
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949933
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567436
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447287
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357201
Diseases associated Cirrhosis
1. Autoimmune diseases
In the study to assess the prevalence of concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)/primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome and applicability of the 'mosaic of autoimmunity' in these patients, in a population, 31 (43.6%) patients had extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (13 patients, 18.3%), Sjögren syndrome (six patients, 8.4%), celiac disease (three patients, 4.2%), psoriasis (three patients, 4.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (three patients, 4.2%), vitiligo (two patients, 2.8%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (two patients, 2.8%).conducted by the Numune Research and Education Hospital, showed that a large number of autoimmune diseases were associated with AIH/PBC overlap patients. Therefore, extended screening for existing autoimmune diseases during the routine assessment of these patients is recommended. The study also sugested that the concept of 'mosaic of autoimmunity' is a valid clinical entity that is applicable to patients with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome(34).
2. Cardiovascular disease
Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes are frequently observed in cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients, even in the presence of overt diabetes, are at low risk of cardiovascular disease. The low prevalence may be related to shorter duration of diabetic disease, also in relation to reduced life expectancy, as well as to liver disease-induced abnormalities protecting the cardiovascular system from atherosclerosis(35).
3. Hepatic angiomyolipoma
Hepatic angiomyolipomas are increasingly recognized as incidental findings during surveillance for cirrhosis or investigations for unrelated conditions. Awareness of their diverse morphological spectrum in liver biopsy is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic melanoma or other malignant neoplasms(36).
4. Obesity
Obesity is associated with an aggressive course in chronic viral hepatitis. In a randomized trial of beta-blockers in the prevention of varices in whom data on body mass index (BMI) was available, consisted of 161 patients with compensated cirrhosis, found that obesity has a deleterious effect on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis of all etiologies, independent of portal pressure and liver function. Weight reduction may be a valuable therapeutic measure in this patient population(37).
5. Steatohepatitis
According to the study by University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, age, activity of steatohepatitis, and established fibrosis predispose to cirrhosis, which has a 7- to 10-year liver-related mortality of 12% to 25%. Many cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis are likely endstage NASH. While endstage NAFLD currently accounts for 4% to 10% of liver transplants, this may soon rise(38).
6. Glycogen storage disease
Glycogen storage disease Ib is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism leading to impaired glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. There is a report of a case of on the development of liver cirrhosis in a nine-year-old boy in the course of glycogen storage disease Ib and discuss possible underlying pathomechanisms(39).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22465972
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10086647
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949933
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567436
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447287
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357201
Cirrhosis - The Complications
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Complications
1. Liver Cancer
Following development of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver disease may continue to progress and decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may occur, especially in those with active viral replication. Decompensation may manifest with jaundice, ascites, variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy(26).
2. Short life expentency
Cirrhosis can lead to shorten life expectancy in patients, according to the study of retrospectively analysed 59 patients from western Austria over 15 years (mean 6 yearsby the Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, indicated that the mean survival time in our study was 112.7 months, 25% were dead by 132(27).
3. Liver cancer
An estimated 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), which is characterized histologically by a persistent immune and inflammatory response that fails to clear HCV from hepatocytes of that can lead to Liver Cancer(28).
4. Ascites
In the study to provide an evidence-based overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management of ascites secondary to liver cirrhosis, showed that portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilatation and renal sodium retention are fundamental in the pathophysiology of ascites formation. The SAAG (serum-ascites albumin gradient) allows reliable assessment of the cause of ascites. The majority of cirrhotic patients with ascites can be managed with dietary sodium restriction in combination with diuretic agents. Large volume paracentesis with albumin suppletion and TIPS are therapeutic options in patients with refractory ascites(29).
5. Variceal bleeding
There is a report of a case of a 38-year-old female with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis visited our hospital with a massive hematochezia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not demonstrate any bleeding source, and a colonoscopy showed a massive hemorrhage in the ascending colon but without an obvious focus(30). Other indicated that due to portal hypertension and bleeding disorders, patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk for severe gastrointestinal bleedings (GIB)(31).
6. Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a condition of deteriotion of brain function due to failure of liver in toxic removeal. According to the study by the Medical Clinic II, Diakoniekrankenhaus, the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is unknown. Many theories have been proposed. Most established therapies are based on such theories but since no theory has have ever been proved, therapies have to be considered empiric. The spectrum of HE ranges from minimal cerebral functional deficits, which can only be found by sensitive psychometric tests, to coma with signs of decerebration(32).
7. Frequent Hospital readmission
According to the study by the University of Pittsburgh, in the study to determine risk factors for frequent readmissions among patients with cirrhosis and identify barriers to transplantation in this population, showed that a small group of patients with cirrhosis account for a disproportionately high number of hospital admissions. Interventions targeting this high-risk group may decrease frequent hospital readmissions and increase access to transplantation(33).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22504333
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8165815
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322900
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18081661
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23345957
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315647
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11152016
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23383085
Complications
1. Liver Cancer
Following development of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver disease may continue to progress and decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may occur, especially in those with active viral replication. Decompensation may manifest with jaundice, ascites, variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy(26).
2. Short life expentency
Cirrhosis can lead to shorten life expectancy in patients, according to the study of retrospectively analysed 59 patients from western Austria over 15 years (mean 6 yearsby the Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, indicated that the mean survival time in our study was 112.7 months, 25% were dead by 132(27).
3. Liver cancer
An estimated 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), which is characterized histologically by a persistent immune and inflammatory response that fails to clear HCV from hepatocytes of that can lead to Liver Cancer(28).
4. Ascites
In the study to provide an evidence-based overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management of ascites secondary to liver cirrhosis, showed that portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilatation and renal sodium retention are fundamental in the pathophysiology of ascites formation. The SAAG (serum-ascites albumin gradient) allows reliable assessment of the cause of ascites. The majority of cirrhotic patients with ascites can be managed with dietary sodium restriction in combination with diuretic agents. Large volume paracentesis with albumin suppletion and TIPS are therapeutic options in patients with refractory ascites(29).
5. Variceal bleeding
There is a report of a case of a 38-year-old female with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis visited our hospital with a massive hematochezia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not demonstrate any bleeding source, and a colonoscopy showed a massive hemorrhage in the ascending colon but without an obvious focus(30). Other indicated that due to portal hypertension and bleeding disorders, patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk for severe gastrointestinal bleedings (GIB)(31).
6. Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a condition of deteriotion of brain function due to failure of liver in toxic removeal. According to the study by the Medical Clinic II, Diakoniekrankenhaus, the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is unknown. Many theories have been proposed. Most established therapies are based on such theories but since no theory has have ever been proved, therapies have to be considered empiric. The spectrum of HE ranges from minimal cerebral functional deficits, which can only be found by sensitive psychometric tests, to coma with signs of decerebration(32).
7. Frequent Hospital readmission
According to the study by the University of Pittsburgh, in the study to determine risk factors for frequent readmissions among patients with cirrhosis and identify barriers to transplantation in this population, showed that a small group of patients with cirrhosis account for a disproportionately high number of hospital admissions. Interventions targeting this high-risk group may decrease frequent hospital readmissions and increase access to transplantation(33).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22504333
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8165815
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322900
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18081661
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23345957
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315647
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11152016
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23383085
Cirrhosis - The Symptoms
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a
result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases
of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to
the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as
the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population:
10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in
South-East Asia.
Symptoms
1. Psychosocial issues and health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
According to the study by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, showed that Increasing severity of CHBV leads to a decline in HRQOL. Cirrhosis worsens HRQOL, whereas treatment and psycho-education improves it. Frequency of mood disorders seems to be increased in patients with CHBV, although not all studies have shown this trend. Some factors such as alcohol consumption and low social support negatively impact patients' mental health. Those with CHBV generally have better HRQOL and mental health than their hepatitis C (HCV) counterparts. Patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly those with prolonged institutionalization, have a generally higher risk of acquiring CHBV infection compared to the general population(18) .Other study indicated that
severity of cirrhosis measured by the Child-Pugh score was not correlated with depression or anxiety, and only had a weak correlation with poor sleep. The psychological distress in cirrhosis such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia were correlated specifically to increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased ratios of low frequency to high frequency power, or reduced nonlinear properties of HRV (alpha1 exponent of detrended fluctuation analysis)(19).
2. Fatigue, Pruritus and Jaundice
In the study to summarize the clinical characters of refractory primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) versus typical ones and explore the risk factors of prognosis, found that Some clinical severe manifestation (fatigue, pruritus and jaundice) and higher biochemical markers levels (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBIL, DBIL and IgM) seem to predict a worse response to UDCA and a rapid progression of disease in PBC patients(20).
4. Lower serum aminotransferase, bilirubin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) for patient with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)(21).
5. Migraine symptoms
In the study to assess the effects of H. pylori eradication on migraine symptoms in patients with hepatitis-B-virus-related cirrhosis, the results clearly showed that the intensity, duration, and frequency of attacks of migraine were significantly reduced in all the patients in whom H. pylori has been eradicated(22).
6. Cognitive symptoms
According to the study by the Newcastle University, PBC associates with substantial functional impairment. PBC symptom distribution evolves over time, with cognitive symptoms making ever-greater contribution to overall symptom burden. The major potentially modifiable determinant responsible for the functional impairment appears to be orthostatic symptoms(23).
Other indicated that a significant proportion of fatigue in PBC associates with one or both of autonomic dysfunction (OGS > or =4) and sleep disturbance (ESS > or =10)(24).
7. Other symptoms include
Loss of appetite( Progression of the disease), Itching (liver malfunction), Easy bruising and bleeding (platelet destruction), Weight loss (Malnutrition), Leg swelling (as a result of fluid retention), discrepancies between serum albumin levels(progression of the disease) etc(25).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23339829
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328240
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954109
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17669102
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593676
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237872
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22969847
Symptoms
1. Psychosocial issues and health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
According to the study by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, showed that Increasing severity of CHBV leads to a decline in HRQOL. Cirrhosis worsens HRQOL, whereas treatment and psycho-education improves it. Frequency of mood disorders seems to be increased in patients with CHBV, although not all studies have shown this trend. Some factors such as alcohol consumption and low social support negatively impact patients' mental health. Those with CHBV generally have better HRQOL and mental health than their hepatitis C (HCV) counterparts. Patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly those with prolonged institutionalization, have a generally higher risk of acquiring CHBV infection compared to the general population(18) .Other study indicated that
severity of cirrhosis measured by the Child-Pugh score was not correlated with depression or anxiety, and only had a weak correlation with poor sleep. The psychological distress in cirrhosis such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia were correlated specifically to increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased ratios of low frequency to high frequency power, or reduced nonlinear properties of HRV (alpha1 exponent of detrended fluctuation analysis)(19).
2. Fatigue, Pruritus and Jaundice
In the study to summarize the clinical characters of refractory primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) versus typical ones and explore the risk factors of prognosis, found that Some clinical severe manifestation (fatigue, pruritus and jaundice) and higher biochemical markers levels (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBIL, DBIL and IgM) seem to predict a worse response to UDCA and a rapid progression of disease in PBC patients(20).
4. Lower serum aminotransferase, bilirubin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) for patient with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)(21).
5. Migraine symptoms
In the study to assess the effects of H. pylori eradication on migraine symptoms in patients with hepatitis-B-virus-related cirrhosis, the results clearly showed that the intensity, duration, and frequency of attacks of migraine were significantly reduced in all the patients in whom H. pylori has been eradicated(22).
6. Cognitive symptoms
According to the study by the Newcastle University, PBC associates with substantial functional impairment. PBC symptom distribution evolves over time, with cognitive symptoms making ever-greater contribution to overall symptom burden. The major potentially modifiable determinant responsible for the functional impairment appears to be orthostatic symptoms(23).
Other indicated that a significant proportion of fatigue in PBC associates with one or both of autonomic dysfunction (OGS > or =4) and sleep disturbance (ESS > or =10)(24).
7. Other symptoms include
Loss of appetite( Progression of the disease), Itching (liver malfunction), Easy bruising and bleeding (platelet destruction), Weight loss (Malnutrition), Leg swelling (as a result of fluid retention), discrepancies between serum albumin levels(progression of the disease) etc(25).
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23339829
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328240
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954109
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17669102
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593676
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237872
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22969847
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