Muscae volitantes
or Floater is defined as a condition of pathol moving black specks or
threads seen before the eyes, as results of opaque fragments floating in
the vitreous humour or a lens defect
due to degeneration of the vitreous humour. Floater as it suspends in
the vitreous humour, it tends to drift and follows the rapid motions of
the eye as a result of damage of the eye that causes material to enter
the vitreous humour.
Preventions
Phytochemicals to prevent floater
1. Curcumin is a phytochemical
found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.
a Anti-inflammatory agent
According to the study of evaluation
of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in
patients with postoperative inflammation. by Satoskar RR, Shah SJ,
Shenoy SG., poated in US National Library of Medicine National
Institutes of Health, researchers wrote that In this model of
postoperative inflammation, the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin
(diferuloyl methane) was investigated in comparison with
phenylbutazone and placebo. Phenylbutazone and curcumin produced a
better anti-inflammatory response than placebo.
b. Antioxidants
In
a study of `Protective Role of Curcumin Against Oxidative
Stress,Immunosuppressive and Cytotoxic Effects of Lead Exposure` by
Mahmoud El-sherbiny, Azza Araffa, Mona Mantawy and Hany M. Hassan
(Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre - Dokki,
Giza, Egypt. Immunology Department, Animal Reproduction Research
Institute (ARRI), Giza, Egypt), posted in World Applied Sciences Journal
12 (10): 1832-1838, 2011, researchers found that ground, curcumin's
benefits on tumorigenesis are thought to be mediated by its
antiinflammatory activity; however, these effects have not been well
characterized in a mouse model of colon cancer. Briefly, curcumin is
efficacious for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats and the action
mechanism may be associated with its decreasing effect on the
proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the blood and tissues.
Curcumin has protective effect on DNA of pulmonary cells. There was
direct evidence for an involvement of curcumin in reducing arsenic and
lead induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice by virtue of its
antioxidant potential and trapping of free radicals. The current
investigation concluded that curcumin has protective role against
cytotoxic, immunosuppressive , oxidative and immunosuppressive profile
that perform due to lead acetate exposure.
c. Cellular Processing
According
to the research of `Evidence against the rescue of defective
DeltaF508-CFTR cellular processing by curcumin in cell culture and mouse
models.`by Song Y, Sonawane ND, Salinas D, Qian L, Pedemonte N,
Galietta LJ, Verkman AS. (Source
from Department of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143,
USA. Copyright 2004 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, Inc.) posted in US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health, researchers found that assay of serum
curcumin by ethyl acetate extraction followed by liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated a maximum serum concentration
of 60 nm, well below that of 5-15 microm, where cellular effects by
sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump inhibition are proposed
to occur. Our results do not support further evaluation of curcumin
for cystic fibrosis therapy.
2. Theaflavin-3-gallate, a
theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group
of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in black tea.
a. Antioxidant capacities
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), theaflavin-3-gallate
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according
to "Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(22)
b. Anti inflammation
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, theaflavin-3-gallate,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days
inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced
increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited
arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and
lipoxygenase pathways, according to "Inhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears" by Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(23)
3. Gingerole, is also known as gingerol, a phytochemical of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found in
fresh ginger. and in variety of other plants. The herb has been used
to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, motion sickness,
rheumatoid arthritis, relieve migraine, etc.
In
the investigation of the effectiveness of chemical constituents of
Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae)in treating oxidative stress
found that compounds [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol of the herb scavenges
of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl
radicals, inhibitsof N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP)
induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human
polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lipopolysaccharide induced nitrite
and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells, according to the
study of "Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of
[6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol" by Dugasani S, Pichika MR, Nadarajah VD, Balijepalli MK, Tandra S, Korlakunta JN(24)
4. Epigallocatechin, including
catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of
Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort,
black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.
a. Cholesterol
In the
examination of the influence of green tea extract, epicatechin (EC),
epicatechin galate (ECG) as well as epigallocatechin galate (EGCG) on
oxidative modifications of LDL
of human blood serum, found that Catechins and green tea abilities to
protect lipophilic antioxidant--alpha-tocopherol against oxidation
have been also examined. The results reveal that peroxidation of LDL
is markedly prevented by green tea extract and in a slightly weaker
way by catechins (EGCG in particular), which is manifested by a
decrease in concentration of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides,
MDA, dityrosine and by an increase in tryptophan content, according to "The comparison of effect of catechins and green tea extract on oxidative modification of LDL in vitro" by Ostrowska J, Skrzydlewska E.(25)
b. Anti diabetes
In the observation of the effect of tea catechins (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate
(ECG) and epicatechin (EC)) on markers of oxidative stress
(malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane -SH
group) in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetics, found that tea catechins
protect erythrocytes from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, the effect
being more pronounced in diabetic erythrocytes. The relative
effectiveness of individual catechins are in the order of
EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC. 7. We hypothesise that a higher intake of
catechin-rich food by diabetic patients may provide some protection
against the development of long-term complications of diabetes, according to "Protective role of tea catechins against oxidation-induced damage of type 2 diabetic erythrocytes" by Rizvi SI, Zaid MA, Anis R, Mishra N.(26)
c. Antioxidants
In
the evaluation of the effects of the main polyphenolic components
extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC),
(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate
(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA),
against free radical initiated peroxidation of human low density
lipoprotein (LDL), found that The antioxidative action of the green tea
polyphenols includes trapping the initiating and/or propagating
peroxyl radicals with the activity sequence
EC>EGCG>ECG>EGC>GA for the AAPH initiated peroxidation,
and reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical to regenerate
alpha-tocopherol with the activity sequence of
ECG>EC>EGCG>EGC>GA and ECG>EGCG>GA>EC>EGC for
the AAPH-initiated and BP-photosensitized peroxidations respectively,
according to "Antioxidative effects of
green tea polyphenols on free radical initiated and photosensitized
peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein" by Liu Z, Ma LP, Zhou B, Yang L, Liu ZL.(27)
5. Etc.
