Tuesday, 5 November 2013
#Healthy Foods - Tomatoes (Solanum)
Tomatoes
Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongs to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose
and often in green house.
Nutritional supplements
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B1
7. Vitamin B2
8. Vitamin B3
9. Vitamin B5
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin E
14. Molybdenum
15. Magnesium
16. Manganese
17. Copper
18. Potassium
19. Chromium
20. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to stuies
1. Prostate diseases
In the evaluation of phytochemical compound lycopene in tomatoes and it anti prostate disease effects found that regular consumption of these foods can be recommended for the prevention of PCA. Tomato products might also be useful in the therapy for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA). The intake of isolated lycopene does not protect from the development of PCA. However, in the doses achieved by consumption of tomato products, lycopene ingestion might also be effective in PCA therapy, according to "[Tomatoes and lycopene in prevention and therapy--is there an evidence for prostate diseases?]. [Article in German]" by Ellinger S, Ellinger J, Müller SC, Stehle P.(a)
2. Cardiovascular diseases
In the review of patents and products within the context of lycopene and CVD prevention and health claims indicated that in vitro data and results from animal experiments partly showed promising preventive mechanisms of lycopene. In contrast, until now, human intervention studies mostly failed to show any CVD prevention. However, there is still an encouraging situation, giving hints for antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene. These mechanisms could be the background for cardio-protective effects of tomatoes and tomato products, according to "Lycopene and heart health" by Böhm V.(b)
3. Antioxidative and Cancer Cell-Inhibiting Activities
In the research of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) plants synthesize nutrients, pigments, and bioactive compounds and their benefit in nutrition and human health found that Tomato extracts promoted growth in normal liver (Chang) cells, had little effect in normal lung (Hel299) cells, mildly inhibited growth of lung cancer (A549) cells, and first promoted and then, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth in lymphoma (U937) cells. The relationship of cell growth to measured constituents was not apparent, according to "Free Amino Acid and Phenolic Contents and Antioxidative and Cancer Cell-Inhibiting Activities of Extracts of 11 Greenhouse-Grown Tomato Varieties and 13 Tomato-Based Foods" by Choi SH, Kim HR, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M.(c)
4. Urological tumors
In the investigation of In the areas of the consumption of tomatoes and its effect on urological tumors found that the effectiveness of the substances zoledronate and denosumab has been demonstrated in prospective randomized studies. The authors recommend that the scientifically neglected field of tertiary prevention of urological tumors should in future be included as a core factor of scientific investigations, according to "[Secondary and tertiary prevention of urological tumors].[Article in German]" by Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Lümmen G, Bismarck E, Fischer C; die Mitglieder des Arbeitskreises Prävention, Umwelt und Komplementärmedizin (PUK).(d)
5. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(1)
2. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
3. Vitamin K
Vitamin K not only plays an important role in protecting our skin from aging, it is also needed for the proper clotting of blood, thus decreasing the risk of excessive bleeding, in a study of "Delayed vitamin K deficiency as a cause of bleeding: still a concern in the 21st century!" by Kasatkar P, Shetty S, Ghosh K., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Laboratory tests confirmed acquired bleeding diathesis due to vitamin K deficiency, which was corrected after adequate vitamin K supplementation. VKDB is not an uncommon phenomenon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with bleeding diathesis.
4. Potassium
Potassium beside is important in maintaining the regular contraction and relaxation of the muscle, that helps to reducing the risk of hypokalemia, it also helps the lymphatic system in regulating the levels of fluid in the body, thus lessening the risk of lymphedema, swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid. In a study of "Narrative review: evolving concepts in potassium homeostasis and hypokalemia" by Greenlee M, Wingo CS, McDonough AA, Youn JH, Kone BC., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414841), researchers found that recent experimental insights into the participation of feedback and feedforward control mechanisms in potassium homeostasis. New data make clear that feedforward homeostatic responses activate when decreased potassium intake is sensed, even when plasma potassium concentration is still within the normal range and before frank hypokalemia ensues, in addition to the classic feedback activation of renal potassium conservation when plasma potassium concentration decreases.
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Lycopene
Lycopene, one of the powerful antioxidant in tomatoes, not only helps the immune system in neutralizing the forming of free radicals in the body and according to Harvard investigation as it found that men who ate more than 10 servings tomato-based foods daily (like cooked tomatoes and tomato sauce,) had a 35 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than those who ate the least amount of these foods. The benefits of lycopene was more pronounced with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Also according to the study of "Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with lycopene in the TRAMP model" by Konijeti R, Henning S, Moro A, Sheikh A, Elashoff D, Shapiro A, Ku M, Said JW, Heber D, Cohen P, Aronson WJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687227)
2. Antiaging
Tomato beside prevents the progressive loss of structure, function or death of neurons, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, According to the study of "Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases" by Rao AV, Balachandran B, posted in PubMed , it also contains vitamin C that helps to releases of histamine (local immune responses), thus increasing the detoxification of histamine, according to the study of "Effect of ascorbic acid on histamine metabolism in scorbutic guinea-pigs" by I B Chatterjee, S D Gupta, A K Majumder, B K Nandi, and N Subramanian, posted in The Journal of Physiology, researchers indicated that The increased histamine content of the urine, blood and other tissues in the ascorbic-acid-depleted condition could be brought back to normal levels by administration of a single dose of ascorbic acid 5 mg/100 g body wt.
3. Detoxification
Liver is a second defense that helps to clean out the toxins accumulation in the blood body. If the liver is over work, it can cause liver congestion, leading to lower of bile production or weaken carbohydrate metabolism. Since tomato contains high amount of Vitamins A and C, it not only supports liver function but stimulates the liver's function in detoxification of toxins., according to the study of "Effects of dried fish on antioxidant levels in rat liver" by Anilakumar KR, Khanum F, Krishna KR, Viswanathan KR., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12597022)
4. Antiseptic
Tomato is considered as antiseptic natural foods including natural antiseptic agent ascorbic acid that helps to enhance the immune system in guarding our body against the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction, according to the article of "The 7 Benefits Of Drinking Lemon Water" posted in Simple Health Cures.
5. Etc.
Side effect
1. Since tomato is belong to the family Solanaceae, it can cause arthritis symptoms for some people.
2. Tomato leaves and stems contain atropine and tropane alkaloids that are toxic.
3. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177320
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076972
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070764
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947262
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
#Healthy Foods - Swiss chard (Beta)
Swiss chard is a is a leafy vegetable, genus Beta, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is related to the beet, and comes in a variety of colors. You can find them in any grocery store for variety of colors, such as pale green, brightly colored yellow and red.
Nutritional Supplements
1. Protein
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin A
4. Vitamin B1
5. 6. Vitamin B2
7. Vitamin B3
8. Vitamin B5
9. Vitamin B6
10. Vitamin C
11. Vitamin E
12. Vitamin K
13. Calcium
14. Copper
15. Iron
16. Potassium
17. Magnesium
18. Manganese
19. Phosphorus
20. Zinc
21. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Radical scavenging capacity
In the investigation of the influence of home cooking methods (boiling, microwaving, pressure-cooking, griddling, frying, and baking) on the antioxidant activity of vegetables has been evaluated in 20 vegetables, found that Swiss chard and pepper lost OH. scavenging capacity in all the processes, according to "Influence of cooking methods on antioxidant activity of vegetables" by Jiménez-Monreal AM, García-Diz L, Martínez-Tomé M, Mariscal M, Murcia MA.(a)
2. Breast cancer In the evaluation of the molecular components of a phenolic fraction (P2), obtained from liquid chromatography of a Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cycla) extract found that the primary P2 components were: vitexin-2''O-rhamnoside, its demethylated form 2''-xylosylvitexin, isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside, and rutin. P2 "in toto" and the single components were characterized for antioxidant capacity, antimitotic activity on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and for toxicity to human lymphocytes and macrophages. P2 inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation (IC(50) value = 9 microg/ml) without inducing apoptosis, showed no toxicity to human lymphocytes and slight toxicity to macrophages. Vitexin-2''O-rhamnoside strongly inhibited DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells, whereas 2''-xylosylvitexin and isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside were activators; combinations of activators and inhibitors maintained the over-all inhibitory effect, according to "Characterization and biological activity of the main flavonoids from Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cycla)" by Ninfali P, Bacchiocca M, Antonelli A, Biagiotti E, Di Gioacchino AM, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Brandi G.(b)
3. Diabetes
In the observation of Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) and its effect as a hypoglycemic agent by diabetic patients in Turkey found that lipid peroxidation was increased and glutathione levels were decreased in both aorta and heart tissue of the diabetic rats. However, treatment with chard extract reversed the effects of diabetes on blood glucose and tissue lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels, according to "Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on oxidative injury in the aorta and heart of streptozotocin-diabetic rats" by Sener G, Saçan O, Yanardağ R, Ayanoğlu-Dülger G.(c)
d. Skin streptozotocin
in the investigation of the effect of feeding chard on diabetes induced impairments in rat skins found that administration of chard extract inhibited these effects of nonenzymatic glycosylation of skin proteins, lipid peroxidation and blood glucose except the increase in lipid peroxidation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between any of the groups. The data indicate that the use of chard may be effective in preventing or at least retarding the development of some diabetic complications, according to "The effect of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) on the skin of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats" by Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardağ R, Ozçelík F, Ozsoy O, Ergenekon G, Emeklí N.(d)
5. Liver protectiveIn the observation of Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) and it effects in liver of diabetes rat found that the diabetic group given chard, serum alanine, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities, total lipid level, sialic and uric acid levels, blood glucose levels, and liver LPO and NEG levels decreased, but the other values increased. As a result of all the morphological and biochemical findings obtained, it was concluded that the extract of this plant has a protective effect on the liver in diabetes mellitus, according to "Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on the liver of the diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study" by Ozsoy-Sacan O, Karabulut-Bulan O, Bolkent S, Yanardag R, Ozgey Y.(e)
6. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin K
a. Degenerative diseases of ageing
Long-term vitamin K inadequacy may reduce the function of supporting the carboxylation of at least some of these Gla-protein that can lead the development of degenerative diseases of ageing including osteoporosis and atherosclerosis, according to the study of "Vitamin K, osteoporosis and degenerative diseases of ageing" by Cees Vermeer and Elke Theuwissen(1)
b. Intracranial bleeding
In a study in the 4-year study period, 16/64 (25%) of the infants admitted with intracranial bleeding had late intracranial VKDB, resulting in an overall incidence of 2.1/100,000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.2-3.5) conducted by University Medical Center Utrecht(2) indicated that Intracranial bleeding may be associated with vitamin K deficiency
2.Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
3. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
4. Magnesium
Magnesium not only important for bone health, according to the study of "Magnesium,
zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women
with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?"
by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M(4) but also play and
important role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease, according to
the study of "Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease" by Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ.(4)
5. Manganese
It is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(1)and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(5)
6. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Osteoporosis
Vitamin K beside enhances the thickening of under layer of skin and coagulation against blood loss (according to the study of "Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants and children" by Sutor AH. posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8588159), it also is an essential vitamin that prevents fracture, according to the study of "Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): a randomized controlled trial" by Cheung AM, Tile L, Lee Y, Tomlinson G, Hawker G, Scher J, Hu H, Vieth R, Thompson L, Jamal S, Josse R., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922041)
2. Immune system
Vitamin C is one of the powerful antioxidant vitamin not only improve the elastic of capillaries wall, it also plays an vital role in promoting the immune function in regulating the replication of DNA and reducing the risk of inflammation caused by oxidation, according to the article of "Boost Your Immune System with Vitamin C" By Sylvia Anderson, IH Editor -- Published: October 05, 2009, posted in Insiders Health.
3. Heart diseases and stroke
Dietary fiber beside enhances the function of pancreas in production of insulin by releasing glucose into blood stream slowly, it also prevents the oxidation of bad cholesterol (LDL) that limits the risk of plaque building up on the arterial walls, causing heart diseases and stroke, according to the study of "Dietary fiber intake is associated with reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women" by Eshak ES, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, Watanabe Y, Wada Y, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study Group., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573945).
4. Iron
Iron, as a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, it is essential for energy and protection against anemia by enhancing the production of red blood cells that carry nutrients and oxygen to nourish the cells in the body, according to the study of "Interaction of iron with other nutrients" by Lynch SR., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197130)
5. Beta carotene
Well known as an antioxidant that helps to improve immune function in fighting against the forming of free radicals cause of infection and inflammation, it also plays a vital role in reducing the risk of developing cataracts by converting to vitamin A in the body, according to the study of "Beta-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans" by Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross AC, Stahl W, Tang G, Thurnham D, Yin SA, Biesalski HK., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20980645).
6. Lymphatic function
Swiss chard is rich in the minerals potassium and magnesium that not only helps to regulate blood pressure and maintain heart health (according to the study of "Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Beyer FR, Dickinson HO, Nicolson DJ, Ford GA, Mason J., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856060) but also is important in enhancing the lymphatic function in controlling the fluid in the body, thus reducing the risk of water retention.
7. Etc.
Side effect
1. Oxalates
Oxalates can cause problem for people existing and untreated kidney or gallbladder problems if accumulated in great amount.
2. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397724
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16698256
(c) http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/109662002753723205?journalCode=jmf
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9770212
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15322346
(1) http://mi.rsmjournals.com/content/17/1/19.abstract
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951617
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339
#Healthy Foods - Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea)
Sweet potatoes
Sweet potato is a large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots vegetable, genus Ipomoea, belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its young leaves can be made into a delicious dish in Chinese foods. Some species of batatas are actually poisonous.
Nutritional supplements
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B6
3. Vitamin C
4. Manganese
5. Potassium
6. Copper
7. Iron
8. Phosphorus
9. Magnesium
10. Carbohydrate11. Protein
12. Dietary fiber
13. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health benefits according studies
1. cardioprotective and chemopreventive advantages
In the investigation of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves dietary source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fiber, and essential fatty acids in Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves found that Sweet potato has the potential cardioprotective and chemopreventive advantages of consuming sweet potato leaves, thus indicating that increased consumption of this vegetable should be advocated, according to "Sweet potato leaves: properties and synergistic interactions that promote health and prevent disease" by Johnson M, Pace RD.(a)
2. Human nutrition
In the review the past, present, and future role of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) in human nutrition found that repositioning sweet potato production and its potential for value-added products will contribute substantially to utilizing its benefits and many uses in human food systems. Multidisciplinary, integrated research and development activities aimed at improving production, storage, postharvest and processing technologies, and quality of the sweet potato and its potential value-added products are critical issues, which should be addressed globally, according to "Sweet potato: a review of its past, present, and future role in human nutrition" by Bovell-Benjamin AC.(b)
3. Anti-atherosclerotic and antidiabetic agent
In the examination of Ethanol and water extract of purple sweet potato (PSP) and their antioxidant effects found that the extract of PSP can be used as a putative anti-atherosclerotic and antidiabetic agent with strong antioxidant functions. This is the first report to show the biological functions of PSP extract to treat hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic disorders, according to "Ethanol and water extract of purple sweet potato exhibits anti-atherosclerotic activity and inhibits protein glycation" by Park KH, Kim JR, Lee JS, Lee H, Cho KH.(c)
4. Cognitive effectsIn the anthocyanin of Purple sweet potato color (PSPC) ans its neuroprotective effect found that PSPC decreased the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), increased the activity of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), respectively. Our data suggested that PSPC attenuated D-gal-induced cognitive impairment partly via enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, according to "Purple sweet potato color ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage and inflammation in aging mouse brain induced by d-galactose" by Shan Q, Lu J, Zheng Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Hu B, Zhang Z, Fan S, Mao Z, Wang YJ, Ma D.(d)
5. Prostate cancerIn the identification of Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract and it prostateprotective effect found that oral administration of 400 mg/kg SPGE remarkably inhibited growth and progression of prostate tumor xenografts by ∼69% in nude mice, as shown by tumor volume measurements and non-invasive real-time bioluminescent imaging. Most importantly, SPGE did not cause any detectable toxicity to rapidly dividing normal tissues such as gut and bone marrow. This is the first report to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of sweet potato greens in prostate cancer, according to "Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo" by Karna P, Gundala SR, Gupta MV, Shamsi SA, Pace RD, Yates C, Narayan S, Aneja R.(e)
6. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin AVitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
2. Vitamin Ca. Asthma
Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidant vitamins which is abundant in the extracellular fluid lining the lung and low vitamin C intake has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction, such as asthma, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
b. DNA Damage
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, has important antioxidant vitamin has exerted the activity in preventing (imazalil)IMA-induced cause of DNA damage, according to the stuyd of "The protective role of ascorbic acid on imazalil-induced genetic damage assessed by the cytogenetic tests' by Türkez H, Aydin E.(4)
3. ManganeseManganese in dried peas not only is a processor for the metabolizing of glucose and carbohydrates, it also plays an important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), that helps to fight the damage caused by free radicals, according to the study of "Regulation of Manganese Antioxidants by Nutrient Sensing Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" by Reddi AR, Culotta VC., posted in PubMed, researchers found that loss of either of these upstream kinase sensors dramatically inhibited the potency of Mn as an antioxidant. Downstream of Rim15p are transcription factors Gis1p and the redundant Msn2/Msn4p pair that typically respond to nutrient and stress signals. Both transcription factors were found to modulate the potency of the Mn-antioxidant but in opposing fashions: loss of Gis1p was seen to enhance Mn-antioxidant activity whereas loss of Msn2/4p greatly suppressed it. Our observed roles for nutrient and stress response kinases and transcription factors in regulating the Mn-antioxidant underscore its physiological importance in aerobic fitness.
4. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
a. Memory Improvements
In the investigation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and Memory Improvements found that The multivitamin improved speed of response on a measure of spatial working memory, according to ""Memory improvements in elderly women following 16 weeks treatment with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement : A randomized controlled trial" by Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A.(5)
b. Anti cancer effects
In the observation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and its anti cancer effects found that vitamin B6 is involved in the methyl donor cycle ant thus, some of the antitumor properties of vitamin B6 may involve an indirect effect on the level of DNA or histone methylation. according to ""Vitamin B6 and cancer: from clinical data to molecularly mechanisms" by Sujol G, Docquier A, Boulahtouf A, Castet-Nicolas A, Cavaillès V.(6)
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits1. Arterial benefit
Sweet potato is rich in dietary fiber that not only help to release constipation by enhancing the large intestine in expelling waste (according to the study of "Fiber (glucomannan) is beneficial in the treatment of childhood constipation" by Loening-Baucke V, Miele E, Staiano A., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14993586) but also prevents the oxidation of bad cholesterol from causing plaque building up on the arterial walls that increases the risk of arterial blockage, leading heart diseases, according to the study of "Dietary fiber intake is associated with reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women" Eshak ES, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, Watanabe Y, Wada Y, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study Group., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573945).
2. Immune enhancer
Since it contains some antioxidants such as beta carotene, vtamin C, etc, it promotes the immune system function in regulating the proper cells division and DNA replication, thus reducing the risk of free radicals cause of cancers and tumors. Inthe study of "Antioxidant nutrients: current dietary recommendations and research update" by McDermott JH., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11111359), reserachers indicated in abstract that Overall, it appears that antioxidant nutrients, especially those from food sources, have important roles in preventing pathogenic processes related to cancer, cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration, cataracts, and asthma, and may enhance immune function.
3. Reducing pancreas stress
The rich amount of dietary fiber helps to release the glucose into blood stream slowly that reduces the risk of insulin sensitive caused by over stress of pancreas in releasing insulin for energy absorption, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332).
4. Osteoporosis
Magnesium beside is important in enhancing heart health by relaxing blood vessels for blood flow to the body (according to the study of "Role of dietary magnesium in cardiovascular disease prevention, insulin sensitivity and diabetes" by Bo S, Pisu E., posted in PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18196987), it also promotes the calcium metabolism and the hormones that regulate calcium, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis, according to the study of "Magnesium deficiency and osteoporosis: animal and human observations by Rude RK, Gruber HE., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607643)
5. Lymphatic function
Potassium found in sweet potato enhances the lymphatic function in regulating the body fluid, thus reducing the risk of fluid retention cause of sweelling, according to the study of "Effects of renal lymphatic occlusion and venous constriction on renal function" by J. Stolarczyk and F. A. Carone, posted in the American Journal of Pathology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1912464/)
6. Lung health
We always are made to believe that emphysema, a chronic disease of the lungs, as a result of the lose of elasticity of tiny sacs in the lung in absorbing oxygen and as the air goes back into the lungs, it can not breathe in more air, is incurable, but researchers found that increases intake of vitamin A not only prevent but might be able to reverse the damage caused by the disease, according to the study of "Function of vitamin A in the respiratory tract" by Chytil F., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3916043).
7. Etc.
Side effect
1. Oxalates
Sweet potato contains a measurable amounts of oxalates that can cause problem for people with kidney and gallbladder problem.
2. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20883418
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17425943
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136441
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865488
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21948980
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986888
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006207(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001823
#Healthy Foods - Spinach (Spinacia)
Spinach
Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the genus Spinacia, belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae and native to central and southwestern Asia. It is considered as a healthy plant containing vary vitamins and minerals.
Nutritional Supplement
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat ( Omega 3 Fatty acid)
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A (Beta corotene, lutein and zeaxanthin)
6. Folate (Vitamin B9)
7. Vitamin C
8. Vitamin E
9. Vitamin K
10. Calcium
11. Iron
12. Phosphorus
13. Magnesium
14. Potassium
15. Manganese
16. Selenium
17. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Inflammatory diseases
In the evaluation of preadministration of glycolipid extracts from spinach and its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory found that The glycolipid extracts from spinach highly contained monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) and diglactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG). In Caco-2 cells, MGDG and DGDG inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species induced by phorbol ester, according to the study of "Protective effects of glycoglycerolipids extracted from spinach on 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucosal injury" by Shiota A, Hada T, Baba T, Sato M, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto H, Taketani Y, Takeda E(a)
2. Anti cancers
In the investigation of major glycoglycerolipids, including monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) found in spinach and its effect on irregular cell growth found that MGDG and SQDG have been shown to inhibit the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases, but DGDG has no such inhibitory effect. The effect of these glycoglycerolipids on cancer cells, angiogenesis and solid tumor growth might be mediated via their inhibition of replicative DNA polymerase activities, according to "Anti-cancer effect of spinach glycoglycerolipids as angiogenesis inhibitors based on the selective inhibition of DNA polymerase activity" by Maeda N, Matsubara K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y.(b)
3. Antioxidants
In the observation of serum total antioxidant capacity following comsumption of strawberries (240 g), spinach (294 g), red wine (300 ml) or vitamin C (1250 mg) in eight elderly women found that oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay. The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity of serum determined as ORAC, TEAC and FRAP, using the area under the curve, increased significantly by 7-25% during the 4-h period following consumption of red wine, strawberries, vitamin C or spinach. showed that the total antioxidant capacity of serum determined as ORAC, TEAC and FRAP, using the area under the curve, increased significantly by 7-25% during the 4-h period following consumption of red wine, strawberries, vitamin C or spinach, according to "Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women" by Cao G, Russell RM, Lischner N, Prior RL.(c)
4. Bone health
In the investigation of bone mass level associated with lifestyle factors among young Japanese women anf their effect in bone mass found that without daily intake of green and yellow vegetables had almost 5-fold risk of low bone mass, compared to the subjects having daily intake of the vegetables [Odds ratio: 4.96 (95%CI 1.36-18.18)]. In conclusion, daily intake of green and yellow vegetables is effective for maintaining bone mass in young women, according to "Daily intake of green and yellow vegetables is effective for maintaining bone mass in young women" by Fujii H, Noda T, Sairenchi T, Muto T.(d)
5. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin K
Vitamin K not only plays an important role in protecting our skin from aging, it is also needed for the proper clotting of blood, thus decreasing the risk of excessive bleeding, in a study of "Delayed vitamin K deficiency as a cause of bleeding: still a concern in the 21st century!" by Kasatkar P, Shetty S, Ghosh K., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Laboratory tests confirmed acquired bleeding diathesis due to vitamin K deficiency, which was corrected after adequate vitamin K supplementation. VKDB is not an uncommon phenomenon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with bleeding diathesis.
2. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
Manganese
It is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(1)and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(5)
4. Folate
In the investigation of the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and its effect on anemia, found that Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation, is highly prevalent among children with HIV infection. Micronutrient supplements (iron and, folate) combined with ART(antiretroviral therapy) improved anemia in HIV-infected children, according to "The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India" by Shet A, Arumugam K, Rajagopalan N, Dinakar C, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta S, Shet AS.(4)
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Phytonutrients
a) Immune system
Phytonutrients help to improve the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals that cause infection, inflammation and enhance the replication of DNA and cells division, according to study of "Role of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, carnitine, vitamins, phytochemicals and trace elements in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications" by Triggiani V, Resta F, Guastamacchia E, Sabbà C, Licchelli B, Ghiyasaldin S, Tafaro E., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611166)
b) Breast cancer
Phytoestrogen in the spinach also helps to occupy the estrogen receptor site, that prevents
the over production of bad estrogen, causing breast cancer, according to the study of "Phytoestrogens and breast cancer: a complex story" by Helferich WG, Andrade JE, Hoagland MS., posted in PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18815740), researchers found that genistein can act as an oestrogen agonist resulting in proliferation of E-dependent human breast cancer tumours in vivo.
2. Menopause
Spinach contains high amount of plant estrogen that helps to reduce the symptoms of menopause, such as bone density, hot flash, etc., according to the study of "[The role of phytoestrogen therapy in relieving postmenopausal symptoms].[Article in Polish]" by Szkutnik-Fiedler D, Jedrzejczyk M, Grześkowiak E, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Drews K, Mrozikiewicz PM., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21395085)
3. Colon health
Spinach contains high amount of Vitamin A, E and vitamin C that help to enhance the immune system in protecting the proper growth of the colon cell and its DNA damage and mutation from free radicals, according to the abstract of study of "Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and use of multiple vitamin supplements and risk of colon cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies" by Park Y, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Albanes D, Bergkvist L, Buring JE, Freudenheim JL, Giovannucci E, Goldbohm RA, Harnack L, Kato I, Krogh V, Leitzmann MF, Limburg PJ, Marshall JR, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Rohan TE, Schatzkin A, Shore R, Sieri S, Stampfer MJ, Virtamo J, Weijenberg M, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zhang SM, Smith-Warner SA., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820901), researchers found that Modest inverse associations with vitamin C and E intakes may be due to high correlations with folate intake, which had a similar inverse association with colon cancer. An inverse association with multivitamin use, a major source of folate and other vitamins, deserves further study.
4. Cataracts and muscular degeneration
Spinach contains a measurable amount of lutein, that helps to protect against eye diseases including age-related cataracts and muscular degeneration, according to the study of "Associations between lutein, zeaxanthin, and age-related macular degeneration: an overview" by Carpentier S, Knaus M, Suh M., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19234943)
5. Iron
Iron helps to enhances the production of red blood cells and formation of hemoglobin, that enhance in adsorption of oxygen from the lung and carry nutrients to all body cells, according to the study of "[Iron deficiency and overload. Implications in oxidative stress and cardiovascular health].[Article in Spanish]" by Toxqui L, De Piero A, Courtois V, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Vaquero MP., posted in PubMed, (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20593115)
Etc.
Side effects
1. Oxalates
Spinach contains a measurable amounts of oxalates that can cause problem for people who have untreated kidney and gallbladder diseases.
2. Purines
Purines is naturally substances found in plants, animals, and humans, it can cause forming of uric acid if over accumulated.
3. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847532
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21034405
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9868185
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859436
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22009132
#Healthy Foods - Squash (Cucurbita)
Squash
Squash is the genus Cucurbita, belongs to family Cucurbitaceae and native to Mexico and Central America. In North America, squash is divided into summer squash or winter squash, depending on the maturity of squash when harvested, immature fruit called summer squash and mature fruit called winter squash.
A. Summer squash
Summer squash, particularly the yellow variety, is a very popular vegetable in the North America now a day. May and July are at their best and most readily available. You can also find fresh, frozen, or canned at any time of the year but it is more fragile and cannot be stored fresh for long periods of time, because of more tender-tasting and easily bruised.
Nutritional supplement
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Fat (Omega 3 fatty acid)
4. Dietary fiber
5. Calcium
6. Copper
7. Manganese
8. Magnesium
9. Potassium
10. Iron
11. Zinc
12. Vitamin A
13. Vitamin B1
14. Vitamin B2
15. Vitamin B3
16. Vitamin B6
17. Folate
18. Vitamin C
19. Vitamin K
20. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health Benefits according to studies
1. Antioxidative activity
In the investigation of water soluble polysaccharide fraction (WSP) from pumpkin fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) and its antioxidant effects found that the WSP can serve as an inhibitor of ascorbic acid oxidation. The efficacy was also affected by the total sugar content, according to the study of "Antioxidative activity of water soluble polysaccharide in pumpkin fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne)" by Nara K, Yamaguchi A, Maeda N, Koga H.(a)2. Blood sugar
In the assessment of tetrasaccharide glyceroglycolipids obtained from pumpkin and theirs Glucose-lowering activity found that both compounds demonstrated significant glucose-lowering effects in streptozotocin- and high-fat-diet-induced diabetic mice, according to "Glucose-lowering activity of novel tetrasaccharide glyceroglycolipids from the fruits of Cucurbita moschata" by Jiang Z, Du Q.(b)
3. Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities
In the purification of an extract of Cucurbita andreana fruits yielded cucurbitacins B (1), D (2), E (3), and I (4) found that Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 inhibited the COX-2 enzyme by 32, 29, 35, and 27%, respectively, at 100 microg/ml. However these compounds did not inhibit the COX-1 enzyme at this concentration. Ibuprofen, naproxen and vioxx, commercial antiinflammatory drugs, were tested as controls for the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes at concentrations of 2.1, 2.5 and 1.67 microg/ml, respectively. Ibuprofen and naproxen exhibited 59 and 95% COX-1, and 53 and 79% COX-2 inhibitory activities, respectively. Vioxx showed specific COX-2 inhibition by 71%. Also, cucurbitacins 1 and 4 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 59 and 23%, respectively, at 100 microg/ml, according to "Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of cucurbitacins from Cucurbita andreana" by Jayaprakasam B, Seeram NP, Nair MG.(c)
4. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
In the assessment of extracts from Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens and Cucurbita pepo and theirs effect in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) found that A selective dichloromethane extract from the stem barks of Pygeum africanum revealed the highest antiandrogenic effect. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) indicating that extracts of the stem bark of P. africanum harbour androgen antagonistic activity. This compound may provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of BPH and human PCa, according to "Extracts from Pygeum africanum and other ethnobotanical species with antiandrogenic activity" by Schleich S, Papaioannou M, Baniahmad A, Matusch R.(d)
5. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to studies
1. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(1)
2. Molybdenum
Molybdenum cofactor is vital for human enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase, Deficiency may cause
a. Prenatal brain disruption, according to the study of "Prenatal brain disruption in molybdenum cofactor deficiency" by Carmi-Nawi N, Malinger G, Mandel H, Ichida K, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D.(2)
b. Uniparental isodisomy with microcephaly and developmental delay, according to the study of "Maternal uniparental isodisomy is responsible for serious molybdenum cofactor deficiency" by Gümüş H, Ghesquiere S, Per H, Kondolot M, Ichida K, Poyrazoğlu G, Kumandaş S, Engelen J, Dundar M, Cağlayan AO.(3)
3. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
a. Memory Improvements
In the investigation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and Memory Improvements found that The multivitamin improved speed of response on a measure of spatial working memory, according to ""Memory improvements in elderly women following 16 weeks treatment with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement : A randomized controlled trial" by Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A.(4)
b. Anti cancer effects
In the observation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and its anti cancer effects found that vitamin B6 is involved in the methyl donor cycle ant thus, some of the antitumor properties of vitamin B6 may involve an indirect effect on the level of DNA or histone methylation. according to ""Vitamin B6 and cancer: from clinical data to molecularly mechanisms" by Sujol G, Docquier A, Boulahtouf A, Castet-Nicolas A, Cavaillès V.(5)
4. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Antioxidants
Since summer squash contains several vitamins and minerals antioxidants, it enhances the immune system in fighting the forming of free radicals that causes oxidation, leading to aging, tumors, cancers, etc., according to the study of " Multifunctional antioxidants for the treatment of age-related diseases" by Jin H, Randazzo J, Zhang P, Kador PF., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20078105)
2. Healthy bone
Summer squash helps to ensure healthy bone structure, bone metabolism in absorbing vital calcium, building essential enzymes for building bones and aiding the mineral density of spinal bone, as a result of high amount mgmesium, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695768)
3. Lymphatic function
Magnesium in summer squash helps to maintain the proper ratio of potassium, thus enhancing the lymphatic function in regulating the body fluid, resulting in lessening the risk water retention cause of swelling.
4. Vitamin K
Vitamin K beside is best known for its function in aiding coagulation, it also assists the digestive system in absorption of calcium content from food, thus enhancing formation and maintenance of healthy bones, according to the study of "Ultrasound bone mass in patients undergoing chronic therapy with oral anticoagulants" by Rey-Sanchez P, Lavado-Garcia JM, Canal-Macias ML, Rodriguez-Dominguez MT, Bote-Mohedano JL, Pedrera-Zamorano JD., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234621)
5. Zinc
Zinc beside enhancing the biochemical reactions in the body by stimulating activity in about 100 enzymes, it is a vital mineral for ensuring the prostate health. Deficiency of zinc causes enlarged prostate, sexual dysfunction, abnormal sperm production, etc., according to the study of "Zinc levels in seminal plasma are associated with sperm quality in fertile and infertile men?" by Colagar AH, Marzony ET, Chaichi MJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/192855977)
6. Etc.
Side effect
B. Winter squash
Difference from summer squash, it is harvested and eaten when the fruit is completely mature, the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. Winter squash can be stored for a long time and generally is cooked before eating.
Nutritional supplements
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Fat (Omega 3 fatty acid)
4. Dietary fiber
5. Calcium
6. Copper
7. Manganese
8. Magnesium
9. Potassium
10. Vitamin A
11. Vitamin B1
12. Vitamin B3
13. Vitamin B5
14. Vitamin B6
15. Folate
16. Vitamin C
17. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health Benefits according to studies
1. Cell wall polysaccharides
In the investigation of Cell wall polysaccharides of 'Scarlet Warren' winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima ) before and after thermal processing found that no difference was seen between raw and cooked samples. Likewise, the mobility of semimobile pectic polysaccharides was apparently unaltered by cooking. No change was detected in the rigid cellulose microfibrils on cooking, according to "Effects of cooking on the cell walls (dietary fiber) of 'Scarlet Warren' winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima ) studied by polysaccharide linkage analysis and solid-state (13)C NMR" by Ratnayake RM, Sims IM, Newman RH, Melton LD.(a)
2. See above Summer squash studies
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
2. Vitamin C
a. Asthma
Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidant vitamins which is abundant in the extracellular fluid lining the lung and low vitamin C intake has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction, such as asthma, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
b. DNA Damage
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, has important antioxidant vitamin has exerted the activity in preventing (imazalil)IMA-induced cause of DNA damage, according to the stuyd of "The protective role of ascorbic acid on imazalil-induced genetic damage assessed by the cytogenetic tests' by Türkez H, Aydin E.(4)
3. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treata. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(5)
4. Manganese
It is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(6) and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(7)
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 beside is important in functioning as a co-enzyme for production of energy, it also helps to prevent nervous tension and muscle abnormalities by decreasing the effect of Beriberi that cause confusion, muscle wasting, nerve problems and a rapid heartbeat, according to the article "Beriberi " posted in Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriberi)
2. Vitamin B2
Riboflavin or vitamin B2 beside plays a significant role in the production of energy in carbohydrate metabolism, it also aid iron in the formation of fresh red blood cells and immune system in producing of antibodies in the body, accorsing to the study of "Immunoglobulins can utilize riboflavin (Vitamin B2) to activate the antibody-catalyzed water oxidation pathway" by
Nieva J, Kerwin L, Wentworth AD, Lerner RA, Wentworth P Jr., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16386801)
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
Omega 3 fatty acid beside plays an vital role in lowering bad cholesterol (LDL) that reduces the risk of plague building up in the arterial wall, causing Coronary Artery Disease, (according to the study of "Omacor and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease and the Pleiotropic Effects" by Kar S., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975796), it also balances the ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid that lessens the risk of the production of prostaglandin hormone, leading to menstrual abnormal cramps and pain, according to the study of "Herbal and dietary therapies for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea" by Proctor ML, Murphy PA., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Omega%203%20fatty%20acid%20and%20Cramps%20and%20pain)One small trial showed fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids), researchers wrote that to be more effective than placebo for pain relief. JAPANESE HERBAL COMBINATION: One small trial showed the herbal combination to be more effective for pain relief than placebo, and less additional pain medication was taken by the treatment group.
4. Folate
Folic acid beside is important for the production of red blood cells, and for the proper development of the brain and spine, according to the study of "Go folic!" by Bland J., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21853697) it also enhances the replication and maintenance of DNA and RNA., according to the study of "A folate- and methyl-deficient diet alters the expression of DNA methyltransferases and methyl CpG binding proteins involved in epigenetic gene silencing in livers of F344 rats" by Ghoshal K, Li X, Datta J, Bai S, Pogribny I, Pogribny M, Huang Y, Young D, Jacob ST., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702315)
5. Tryptophan
Tryptophan beside is an amino acid required by the human body to process proteins by producing serotonin which helps to enhance the brain in regulating appetite and mood. Some of the serotonin are converted to melatonin, which aids sleep patterns, according to the study of "Tryptophan increases nocturnal rest and affects melatonin and serotonin serum levels in old ringdove" by Paredes SD, Terrón MP, Cubero J, Valero V, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222434)
6. Etc.
Side effect
1, Oxalates
Winter squash contains a measure amount of oxalates that can cause problem for some people who have untreated kidney and gallbladder diseases.
2. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21604813
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986888
(5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332
Squash is the genus Cucurbita, belongs to family Cucurbitaceae and native to Mexico and Central America. In North America, squash is divided into summer squash or winter squash, depending on the maturity of squash when harvested, immature fruit called summer squash and mature fruit called winter squash.
A. Summer squash
Summer squash, particularly the yellow variety, is a very popular vegetable in the North America now a day. May and July are at their best and most readily available. You can also find fresh, frozen, or canned at any time of the year but it is more fragile and cannot be stored fresh for long periods of time, because of more tender-tasting and easily bruised.
Nutritional supplement
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Fat (Omega 3 fatty acid)
4. Dietary fiber
5. Calcium
6. Copper
7. Manganese
8. Magnesium
9. Potassium
10. Iron
11. Zinc
12. Vitamin A
13. Vitamin B1
14. Vitamin B2
15. Vitamin B3
16. Vitamin B6
17. Folate
18. Vitamin C
19. Vitamin K
20. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health Benefits according to studies
1. Antioxidative activity
In the investigation of water soluble polysaccharide fraction (WSP) from pumpkin fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) and its antioxidant effects found that the WSP can serve as an inhibitor of ascorbic acid oxidation. The efficacy was also affected by the total sugar content, according to the study of "Antioxidative activity of water soluble polysaccharide in pumpkin fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne)" by Nara K, Yamaguchi A, Maeda N, Koga H.(a)2. Blood sugar
In the assessment of tetrasaccharide glyceroglycolipids obtained from pumpkin and theirs Glucose-lowering activity found that both compounds demonstrated significant glucose-lowering effects in streptozotocin- and high-fat-diet-induced diabetic mice, according to "Glucose-lowering activity of novel tetrasaccharide glyceroglycolipids from the fruits of Cucurbita moschata" by Jiang Z, Du Q.(b)
3. Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities
In the purification of an extract of Cucurbita andreana fruits yielded cucurbitacins B (1), D (2), E (3), and I (4) found that Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 inhibited the COX-2 enzyme by 32, 29, 35, and 27%, respectively, at 100 microg/ml. However these compounds did not inhibit the COX-1 enzyme at this concentration. Ibuprofen, naproxen and vioxx, commercial antiinflammatory drugs, were tested as controls for the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes at concentrations of 2.1, 2.5 and 1.67 microg/ml, respectively. Ibuprofen and naproxen exhibited 59 and 95% COX-1, and 53 and 79% COX-2 inhibitory activities, respectively. Vioxx showed specific COX-2 inhibition by 71%. Also, cucurbitacins 1 and 4 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 59 and 23%, respectively, at 100 microg/ml, according to "Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of cucurbitacins from Cucurbita andreana" by Jayaprakasam B, Seeram NP, Nair MG.(c)
4. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
In the assessment of extracts from Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens and Cucurbita pepo and theirs effect in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) found that A selective dichloromethane extract from the stem barks of Pygeum africanum revealed the highest antiandrogenic effect. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) indicating that extracts of the stem bark of P. africanum harbour androgen antagonistic activity. This compound may provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of BPH and human PCa, according to "Extracts from Pygeum africanum and other ethnobotanical species with antiandrogenic activity" by Schleich S, Papaioannou M, Baniahmad A, Matusch R.(d)
5. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to studies
1. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(1)
2. Molybdenum
Molybdenum cofactor is vital for human enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase, Deficiency may cause
a. Prenatal brain disruption, according to the study of "Prenatal brain disruption in molybdenum cofactor deficiency" by Carmi-Nawi N, Malinger G, Mandel H, Ichida K, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D.(2)
b. Uniparental isodisomy with microcephaly and developmental delay, according to the study of "Maternal uniparental isodisomy is responsible for serious molybdenum cofactor deficiency" by Gümüş H, Ghesquiere S, Per H, Kondolot M, Ichida K, Poyrazoğlu G, Kumandaş S, Engelen J, Dundar M, Cağlayan AO.(3)
3. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
a. Memory Improvements
In the investigation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and Memory Improvements found that The multivitamin improved speed of response on a measure of spatial working memory, according to ""Memory improvements in elderly women following 16 weeks treatment with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement : A randomized controlled trial" by Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A.(4)
b. Anti cancer effects
In the observation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and its anti cancer effects found that vitamin B6 is involved in the methyl donor cycle ant thus, some of the antitumor properties of vitamin B6 may involve an indirect effect on the level of DNA or histone methylation. according to ""Vitamin B6 and cancer: from clinical data to molecularly mechanisms" by Sujol G, Docquier A, Boulahtouf A, Castet-Nicolas A, Cavaillès V.(5)
4. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Antioxidants
Since summer squash contains several vitamins and minerals antioxidants, it enhances the immune system in fighting the forming of free radicals that causes oxidation, leading to aging, tumors, cancers, etc., according to the study of " Multifunctional antioxidants for the treatment of age-related diseases" by Jin H, Randazzo J, Zhang P, Kador PF., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20078105)
2. Healthy bone
Summer squash helps to ensure healthy bone structure, bone metabolism in absorbing vital calcium, building essential enzymes for building bones and aiding the mineral density of spinal bone, as a result of high amount mgmesium, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695768)
3. Lymphatic function
Magnesium in summer squash helps to maintain the proper ratio of potassium, thus enhancing the lymphatic function in regulating the body fluid, resulting in lessening the risk water retention cause of swelling.
4. Vitamin K
Vitamin K beside is best known for its function in aiding coagulation, it also assists the digestive system in absorption of calcium content from food, thus enhancing formation and maintenance of healthy bones, according to the study of "Ultrasound bone mass in patients undergoing chronic therapy with oral anticoagulants" by Rey-Sanchez P, Lavado-Garcia JM, Canal-Macias ML, Rodriguez-Dominguez MT, Bote-Mohedano JL, Pedrera-Zamorano JD., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234621)
5. Zinc
Zinc beside enhancing the biochemical reactions in the body by stimulating activity in about 100 enzymes, it is a vital mineral for ensuring the prostate health. Deficiency of zinc causes enlarged prostate, sexual dysfunction, abnormal sperm production, etc., according to the study of "Zinc levels in seminal plasma are associated with sperm quality in fertile and infertile men?" by Colagar AH, Marzony ET, Chaichi MJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/192855977)
6. Etc.
Side effect
1.
OxalatesSince summer squash contain a measure amount of oxalates, it
can cause health problem for people with untreated kidney and
gallbladder diseases.
2. Etc.
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502750
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215628
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12445672
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783690
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285035
(3) http://www.tripdatabase.com/doc/1048336-Maternal-uniparental-isodisomy-is-responsible-for-serious-molybdenum-cofactor-deficiency-#content
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006207
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001823
2. Etc.
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502750
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215628
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12445672
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783690
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285035
(3) http://www.tripdatabase.com/doc/1048336-Maternal-uniparental-isodisomy-is-responsible-for-serious-molybdenum-cofactor-deficiency-#content
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006207
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001823
B. Winter squash
Difference from summer squash, it is harvested and eaten when the fruit is completely mature, the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. Winter squash can be stored for a long time and generally is cooked before eating.
Nutritional supplements
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Fat (Omega 3 fatty acid)
4. Dietary fiber
5. Calcium
6. Copper
7. Manganese
8. Magnesium
9. Potassium
10. Vitamin A
11. Vitamin B1
12. Vitamin B3
13. Vitamin B5
14. Vitamin B6
15. Folate
16. Vitamin C
17. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health Benefits according to studies
1. Cell wall polysaccharides
In the investigation of Cell wall polysaccharides of 'Scarlet Warren' winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima ) before and after thermal processing found that no difference was seen between raw and cooked samples. Likewise, the mobility of semimobile pectic polysaccharides was apparently unaltered by cooking. No change was detected in the rigid cellulose microfibrils on cooking, according to "Effects of cooking on the cell walls (dietary fiber) of 'Scarlet Warren' winter squash ( Cucurbita maxima ) studied by polysaccharide linkage analysis and solid-state (13)C NMR" by Ratnayake RM, Sims IM, Newman RH, Melton LD.(a)
2. See above Summer squash studies
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)
2. Vitamin C
a. Asthma
Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidant vitamins which is abundant in the extracellular fluid lining the lung and low vitamin C intake has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction, such as asthma, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
b. DNA Damage
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, has important antioxidant vitamin has exerted the activity in preventing (imazalil)IMA-induced cause of DNA damage, according to the stuyd of "The protective role of ascorbic acid on imazalil-induced genetic damage assessed by the cytogenetic tests' by Türkez H, Aydin E.(4)
3. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treata. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(5)
4. Manganese
It is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(6) and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(7)
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 beside is important in functioning as a co-enzyme for production of energy, it also helps to prevent nervous tension and muscle abnormalities by decreasing the effect of Beriberi that cause confusion, muscle wasting, nerve problems and a rapid heartbeat, according to the article "Beriberi " posted in Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriberi)
2. Vitamin B2
Riboflavin or vitamin B2 beside plays a significant role in the production of energy in carbohydrate metabolism, it also aid iron in the formation of fresh red blood cells and immune system in producing of antibodies in the body, accorsing to the study of "Immunoglobulins can utilize riboflavin (Vitamin B2) to activate the antibody-catalyzed water oxidation pathway" by
Nieva J, Kerwin L, Wentworth AD, Lerner RA, Wentworth P Jr., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16386801)3. Omega 3 fatty acid
Omega 3 fatty acid beside plays an vital role in lowering bad cholesterol (LDL) that reduces the risk of plague building up in the arterial wall, causing Coronary Artery Disease, (according to the study of "Omacor and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease and the Pleiotropic Effects" by Kar S., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975796), it also balances the ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid that lessens the risk of the production of prostaglandin hormone, leading to menstrual abnormal cramps and pain, according to the study of "Herbal and dietary therapies for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea" by Proctor ML, Murphy PA., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Omega%203%20fatty%20acid%20and%20Cramps%20and%20pain)One small trial showed fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids), researchers wrote that to be more effective than placebo for pain relief. JAPANESE HERBAL COMBINATION: One small trial showed the herbal combination to be more effective for pain relief than placebo, and less additional pain medication was taken by the treatment group.
4. Folate
Folic acid beside is important for the production of red blood cells, and for the proper development of the brain and spine, according to the study of "Go folic!" by Bland J., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21853697) it also enhances the replication and maintenance of DNA and RNA., according to the study of "A folate- and methyl-deficient diet alters the expression of DNA methyltransferases and methyl CpG binding proteins involved in epigenetic gene silencing in livers of F344 rats" by Ghoshal K, Li X, Datta J, Bai S, Pogribny I, Pogribny M, Huang Y, Young D, Jacob ST., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702315)
5. Tryptophan
Tryptophan beside is an amino acid required by the human body to process proteins by producing serotonin which helps to enhance the brain in regulating appetite and mood. Some of the serotonin are converted to melatonin, which aids sleep patterns, according to the study of "Tryptophan increases nocturnal rest and affects melatonin and serotonin serum levels in old ringdove" by Paredes SD, Terrón MP, Cubero J, Valero V, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222434)
6. Etc.
Side effect
1, Oxalates
Winter squash contains a measure amount of oxalates that can cause problem for some people who have untreated kidney and gallbladder diseases.
2. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21604813
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986888
(5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332
#Healthy Foods - Seaweed - Dulse (Palmaria)
Dulse is a red seaweed of genus Palmaria, belong to Family Palmariaceae that grows attached to rocks by a "holdfast" in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific. It is commonly used in Ireland and Atlantic Canada both as food and medicinally and is now shipped around the globe. Dulse is found in many health food stores or fish markets or can be ordered directly from local distributors.
Nutritional supplements
1. Protein
2. Carbohydrate
3. Fat
4. Sodium
5. Potassium
6. Calcium
7. Iodine
8. Iron
9. Magnesium
10. Copper
11. Zinc
12. Vitamin A
13. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
14. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
15. Vitamin B3(Niacin)
16. Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxine)
17. Vitamin B12
18. Vitamin C
19. Vitamin E
20. Etc.
Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Antiproliferative activities
In the investigation of red alga, dulse (Palmaria palmata) and three kelp (Laminaria setchellii, Macrocystis integrifolia, Nereocystis leutkeana) extract and theirs antiproliferative effect found that the antiproliferative efficacy of these algal extracts were positively correlated with the total polyphenol contents (p<0.05), suggesting a causal link related to extract content of kelp phlorotannins and dulse polyphenols including mycosporine-like amino acids and phenolic acids, according to "Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds" by Yuan YV, Walsh NA.(a)
2. Health benefits
In the assessment of nutritional and physiological properties of edible seaweeds is presented. Seaweeds are traditionally consumed in Asia as sea vegetables found that Seaweeds showed important functional activities, such as antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticoagulant effect, antitumor activity, and an important role in the modification of lipid metabolism in human body. In conclusion, seaweeds have a high nutritional value, therefore an increase in their consumption, would elevate the foods offer to population, according to "[Nutritional evaluation and physiological effects of edible seaweeds].[Article in Spanish]" by Jiménez-Escrig A, Goñi Cambrodón I.(b)
3. Antioxidant
In assessment of polyphenol content of the dulse extract of two grades of dulse harvested from Canadian Maritime locations differing in UV radiation exposure (i.e. west versus east coasts of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick) and their antiodant effects found that The 1-butanol soluble extract from Grade 1 dulse (reduced UV-exposure) exhibited lower reducing activity versus Grade 2 dulse (greater UV exposure) reflecting a lower requirement for endogenous antioxidant protection. Grade 1 and 2 dulse extracts both inhibited (p0.03) AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation, but had no effect on AMVN-induced lipid peroxidation, demonstrating the aqueous nature of the antioxidants involved, according to "Extracts from dulse (Palmaria palmata) are effective antioxidants and inhibitors of cell proliferation in vitro" by Yuan YV, Carrington MF, Walsh NA.(c)
4. Biosorption of heavy metals
In the analyzing the biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions of red algae (Palmaria palmata) found that The highest maximum sorption capacity q(max), derived from the Langmuir model was 15.17 mg g(-1) for lead and 6.65 mg g(-1) for copper (dry weight metal/dry weight biosorbent) at a pH of 5.5-6. The affinity of metals for P. palmata was found to decrease in the order: Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+. The factors influencing copper and lead uptake were found to be contact time, pH, initial concentration and temperature. Biosorption of copper and lead was a rapid process, with 70% and 100% of the respective uptakes occurring within the first 10 minutes, according to "Biosorption of heavy metals by red algae (Palmaria palmata)" by Prasher SO, Beaugeard M, Hawari J, Bera P, Patel RM, Kim SH.(d)
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin B6a. Memory Improvements
In the investigation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and Memory Improvements found that The multivitamin improved speed of response on a measure of spatial working memory, according to ""Memory improvements in elderly women following 16 weeks treatment with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement : A randomized controlled trial" by Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A.(1)
b. Anti cancer effects
In the observation of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) and its anti cancer effects found that vitamin B6 is involved in the methyl donor cycle ant thus, some of the antitumor properties of vitamin B6 may involve an indirect effect on the level of DNA or histone methylation. according to ""Vitamin B6 and cancer: from clinical data to molecularly mechanisms" by Sujol G, Docquier A, Boulahtouf A, Castet-Nicolas A, Cavaillès V.(2)
2. Vitamin B12In the evaluation of vitamin B12 in Turnip greens found that vitamin Bi2 was present in the
leaves of a higher plant in amounts. there is no evidence supporting the synthesis of vitamin Bi2 by a higher plant. Was it produced by soil microorganisms and subsequently absorbed via the plant roots? There is ample proof of such synthetic activity by certain microorganisms and of vitamin B12 activity in soil , but no evidence that the vitamin B]2molecule is absorbed by the plant from the soil. Could it have been produced by bacteria living epiphytically
on the turnip leaf? Ericson and Lewis ('54) postulated such a relationship in their studies of vitamin Bt2 compounds found in certain algae, according to "STUDIES OF VITAMIN B12IN TUENIP GREENS" by LOUISE F. GEAY ANDLOUISE J. DANIEL(3)
3. IronBeside as a mineral in carrying life-giving oxygen to human blood cells and maintaining robust health as an essential protein component for metabolism, it also helps in synthesis of a number of essential neurotransmitters like dopamine, nor-epinephrine, along with serotonin. acccording to the study of "Brain Iron Dysregulation and the Risk of Ageing White Matter Lesions" by Gebril OH, Simpson JE, Kirby J, Brayne C, Ince PG., posted in PubMed, researchers found that The mRNA expression using QPCR suggests a pattern that favours decreased intracellular iron influx, increased ferrous oxidation and increased iron export from the cells. Iron metabolism seems to be changed in brains with WML, increased elemental iron in these brains and in turn increased production of free oxidative radicals could represent a potentiating factor for the development of ageing WML. .
4. Potassium
Potassium beside is important in maintaining the regular contraction and relaxation of the muscle, that helps to reducing the risk of hypokalemia, it also helps the lymphatic system in regulating the levels of fluid in the body, thus lessening the risk of lymphedema, swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid. In a study of "Narrative review: evolving concepts in potassium homeostasis and hypokalemia" by Greenlee M, Wingo CS, McDonough AA, Youn JH, Kone BC., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414841), researchers found that recent experimental insights into the participation of feedback and feedforward control mechanisms in potassium homeostasis. New data make clear that feedforward homeostatic responses activate when decreased potassium intake is sensed, even when plasma potassium concentration is still within the normal range and before frank hypokalemia ensues, in addition to the classic feedback activation of renal potassium conservation when plasma potassium concentration decreases.
5. Etc.
C. Other health benefits
1. Weigh loss
As a rich source of fiber, dulse beside enhances the process of digestion, it also helps to make the stomach feeling fullness, thus reducing the risk of insulin cause of food craving, leading to weight loss, According to the study of Free-living, overweight and obese adults (N=204, body mass index 25 to 45) with baseline LDL cholesterol levels 130 to 200 mg/dL (3.4 to 5.2 mmol/L) were randomized; 144 were included in the main analysis of participants who completed the trial without significant protocol violations, conducted by Provident Clinical Research, Glen Ellyn, posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102847.
2. Thyroid gland
Oidine is essential for the functioning of thyroid gland in secreting thyroid hormone into blood stream by converting to iodide through many complicated mechanism. Deficiency of iodine causes developmental delays, hypothyroidism, symptoms of which are extreme fatigue, mental slowing, depression, weight gain, etc., according to the study of "Hypothyroidism and thyroid substitution: historical aspects" by Lindholm J, Laurberg P., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21760981), researchers found that less than 50 years later, effective treatment was introduced. Another 50 years later, autoimmune thyroiditis was ascertained as the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism (in areas with no iodine deficiency). This paper gives a short survey of the history of hypothyroidism and its treatment.
3. Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, beside it is best known for its cleansing body and healing to vital organs properties. It also reduces the binding of carcinogens to DNA in the liver and other organs, thus reducing the risk of cancer according to the study of "Natural compounds in the human diet and their ability to bind mutagens prevents DNA-mutagen intercalation" by Osowski A, Pietrzak M, Wieczorek Z, Wieczorek J., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20706936), researchers indicated that in order to bind 50% of the mutagen in a complex, less than twice the concentration of chlorophyllin was needed......
4. Lymphatic function
Since it contains a measurable amount of potassium, it helps to balance the ratio of sodium, thus enhancing the lymphatic functioning in regulating the fluid in the body, resulting in lessening the risk of water retention, according to the article of "Sodium and Potassium Balance" post in Rapunzel's Delight .com
5. Vision health
Eating a proper amount of vitamin A to the diet helps to reduce the risk of irreversibly oxidized form of retinol by converting to the retinal (retinaldehyde) form, which is essential for vision health, according to the study of "The intake of carotenoids in an older Australian population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study" by Manzi F, Flood V, Webb K, Mitchell P., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12020387)
6. Etc.
Side effect
1. pollution with heavy metal elements.
2. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Healthy Foods Index http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/healthy-foods-index.html
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16554116
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10488389
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15833383
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15551823
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006207
2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001823
(3) http://jn.nutrition.org/content/67/4/623.full.pdf
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