Phytochemicals in Foods - 7 Health Benefits of Phytoene

Phytoene is a phytochemincal in the class of Carotenes, belonging to the group of Carotenoids (tetraterpenoids), found abundantly in sweet potato, orange, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Prostate cancerIn the examination within the context of a whole food with Male Copenhagen rats fed diets containing 10% standard tomato powder, tomato enriched with lycopene or total carotenoids, standard broccoli floret, broccoli sprouts, or broccoli enriched with indole glucosinolates or selenium for 7 days, found that standard broccoli and lycopene-enriched tomato diets down-regulated prostatic glutathione S-transferase P1 mRNA expression. Different tomato diets resulted in altered hepatic accumulation of lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene. These results demonstrate that the bioactive content of vegetables affects both tissue content of bioactives and activity of detoxification enzymes. Enhancing bioactive content of tomatoes and broccoli may enhance efficacy in the prevention of prostate cancer, according to "Feeding tomato and broccoli powders enriched with bioactives improves bioactivity markers in rats" by Liu AG, Volker SE, Jeffery EH, Erdman JW Jr.(1)

2. Macular degeneration
In the investigation of the protective effect has been attributed to carotenoids, which are one of the major classes of phytochemicals ( lycopene, followed by phytoene, phytofluene, zeta-carotene, gamma-carotene, beta-carotene, neurosporene, and lutein) in tomato, found that the possible role of lycopene and other dietary carotenoids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases is discussed, according to "Chemistry, distribution, and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health" by

Khachik F, Carvalho L, Bernstein PS, Muir GJ, Zhao DY, Katz NB.(2)

3. Antioxidants
In the verification of verify whether the daily intake of a beverage prototype called Lyc-o-Mato((R)) containing a natural tomato extract (Lyc-o-Mato((R)) oleoresin 6 %) was able to modify plasma and lymphocyte carotenoid concentrations, particularly those of lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene and beta-carotene, and to evaluate whether this intake was sufficient to improve protection against DNA damage in lymphocytes, found that the intake of the tomato drink significantly reduced (by about 42 %) DNA damage (P<0.0001) in lymphocytes subjected to oxidative stress. In conclusion, the present study supports the fact that a low intake of carotenoids from tomato products improves cell antioxidant protection, according to "Daily intake of a formulated tomato drink affects carotenoid plasma and lymphocyte concentrations and improves cellular antioxidant protection" by Porrini M, Riso P, Brusamolino A, Berti C, Guarnieri S, Visioli F.(3)

4. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation
In the investigation of the effect of carotenoids, isolated from the alga Dunaliella bardawil, in a biological system and used the in vitro low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation method,
found that similar to beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, a carotenoid algal preparation containing phytoene and phytofluene inhibited LDL oxidation. These findings and the presence of phytoene and phytofluene in human tissues suggest that they can be part of the defense system against oxidative stress, according to "A carotenoid algal preparation containing phytoene and phytofluene inhibited LDL oxidation in vitro" by Shaish A, Harari A, Kamari Y, Soudant E, Harats D, Ben-Amotz A.(4)

5. Inflammation, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress
In the investigation of 26 healthy young volunteers. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, Lyc-o-Mato (5.7 mg of lycopene, 3.7 mg of phytoene, 2.7 mg of phytofluene, 1 mg of beta-carotene, and 1.8 mg of alpha-tocopherol) or a placebo drink (same taste and flavor, but devoid of active compounds) were given for 26 days, separated by a wash-out period, found that TNF-alpha production by whole blood was 34.4% lower after 26 days of drink consumption, whereas the other parameters were not significantly modified by the treatment. In turn, modest effects of the regular intake of a tomato drink, providing small amounts of carotenoids, were found on the production of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha, in young healthy volunteers. Future intervention trials in subjects with low carotenoid status and/or compromised immune system will resolve the issue of whether carotenoids modulate immune parameters in humans, according to " Effect of a tomato-based drink on markers of inflammation, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress" by Riso P, Visioli F, Grande S, Guarnieri S, Gardana C, Simonetti P, Porrini M.(5)

6. Anti cancers
In the examination of whether carotenoids inhibit signaling of steroidal estrogen and phytoestrogen which could explain their cancer preventive activity, found that beach of the tested carotenoids (lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, and beta-carotene) inhibited cancer cell proliferation induced by either E(2) or genistein. The inhibition of cell growth by lycopene was accompanied by slow down of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Moreover, the carotenoids inhibited estrogen-induced transactivation of ERE that was mediated by both estrogen receptors (ERs) ERalpha and ERbeta. The possibility that this inhibition results from competition of carotenoid-activated transcription systems on a limited pool of shared coactivators with the ERE transcription system was tested. Although cotransfection of breast and endometrial cancer cells with four different coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, and DRIP) strongly stimulated ERE reporter gene activity, it did not oppose the inhibitory effect of carotenoids, according to "Lycopene and other carotenoids inhibit estrogenic activity of 17beta-estradiol and genistein in cancer cells" by Hirsch K, Atzmon A, Danilenko M, Levy J, Sharoni Y.(6)

7. Anti-inflammatory effects
In the investigation of the effects of CoQ10 and colorless carotenoids (phytoene and phytofluene, or to combinations of these antioxidants) on the production of inflammatory mediators in human dermal fibroblasts treated with UV radiation (UVR) and the possible synergistic effects of these two antioxidants, found that CoQ10 is able to suppress the UVR- or IL-1-induced inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, this compound can block the UVR induction of the matrix-eroding enzyme, MMP-1. Finally, the combination of carotenoids plus CoQ10 results in enhanced suppression of inflammation. The results suggest that the combination of carotenoids and CoQ10 in topical skin care products may provide enhanced protection from inflammation and premature aging caused by sun exposure, according to "Anti-inflammatory effects of CoQ10 and colorless carotenoids" by Fuller B, Smith D, Howerton A, Kern D.(7)

8. Etc.
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Sources
(1) ) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650632
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424324
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705230
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17173569
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16569044
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16569044
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17173569

Most common Types of Cancer -Leukemia - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Leukemia is defined as condition of abnormal increase of white blood cells produced by the bone marrow and/or the lymphatic system. Depending to the malignant granulocytes or lymphocytes, leukemia is classified into myelogenous or lymphoblastic leukemia.
Bone marrow is soft tissue inside the hollow center of major bone. including spine, pelvis, under arm, leg. etc.

Types of leukemia
Leukemia can be classified into 2 types
A. Acute leukemia
Acute leukemia is defined as condition of rapid increase in the numbers of extreme immature white blood cells which appear in the blood stream into other parts of the body, including tissue and organs.
1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the abnormal growth of extreme immature lymphocytes overproduced by the bone marrow and/or lymphatic system. Since it has a tendency to multiply quickly, it can lead to death to other normal white blood cells in the bone marrow and/or lympaphatic system. In ALL, lymphocytes appear immature in blood stream.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common children forms of leukemia with about 80% of all cases.

2. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer of myelogenous lining cause of rapid growth of abnormal granulocytes accumulated in the bone marrow, interfering with the normal blood cells. In AML, granulocytes appear immature in blood stream.


B. Chronic leukemia
Chronic leukemia is defined as condition of slow but still excessive build up of relatively mature abnormal white blood cells. It has a tendency to spread slowly to other parts of the body through bloodstream and/or lymphatic system.
1. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is defined as a condition of slow growth and spreading of a group of abnormal white blood cells called B-cell lymphocytes, which fight against infection in our body by produced antibodies. In CLL, B-cell lymphocytes have become abnormal and grow out of control. They appear less immature in the bloodstream.

2. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is also defined as condition of slow growth and spreading of abnormal granulocytes. In CML, granulocytes have become abnormal and growth uncontrollably in the bone marrow and/or lymphatic system and appear less immature in the blood stream.

Lymphoblastic leukemia
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the abnormal growth of extreme immature lymphocytes overproduced by the bone marrow and/or lymphatic system. Since it has a tendency to multiply quickly, it can lead to death to other normal white blood cells in the bone marrow and/or lympaphatic system. In ALL, lymphocytes appear immature in blood stream.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common children forms of leukemia with about 80% of all cases.

A.1. Symptoms
Fatigue
As a result of not enough red blood cell to transport oxygen to the body cells.
1. Fatigue and pale complexion
Fatigue is a result of not enough red blood cell to transport oxygen to the body cells. Pale complexion, if the disease has affected red blood cell count.
2. Infections
As white blood no longer function normally in fighting against foreign invasion such as virus and bacteria.
3. Shortness of breath
Due to anemia
4. Bone pain
In one of more bones or in the abdomen
5. Abdominal swelling
Due to spreading of the disease to the lymph nodes or infectious cause of swelling somewhere else in the body
6. Bruising easily
Due to reduced blood's platelets.
7. Poor healing of minor cuts
The disease has affected the function platelets.
8. Uncontrolled bleeding
As the bone marrow fails to produce enough platelets to make a normal blood clot
9. Prolonged or severe illness
It may be the cause of immune deficiency due to abnormal white blood cells.
10. Etc.
All above symptoms are generally blood related problems.

A.2. Causes and risk factors
1. Children
As the cancer is accounted for more than 80% in children in all cases.
2. Race and ethic
Statistic showed that Caucasian and Hispanic children have a higher risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia than African-American children.
3. Radiation
Children with previous high dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
4. Exposure to environment chemicals
Exposure to certain chemicals can increase risk of the disease.
5. Heredity
Certain inherited genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, Fanconi anemia, IgA deficiency, etc. increase the risk of the disease.
Researcher suspected that acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) may be caused by wrongly swapped between chromosomes.
6. Viruses
Some researcher suggested that ALL may be caused by previous viral infections, such as T-cell leukemia virus-1 or Epstein-Barr virus.
7. Etc.

A.3. Diagnosis and tests
If you have some of the symptoms of the above. the first test that your doctor order is a complete blood count after a collection of your medical history and physical examination.
1. Physical examination
In Physical examination, your doctor may investigate for signs of bruising, bleeding, swelling lymph nodes, etc.
2. Complete blood count
Complete blood is very important if your doctor suspected there may be a sign of the development of ALL. The test will reveal to your doctor the degree of abnormal white blood cell red blood cell (anemia) and platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
3. Bone marrow biopsy
The test usually is done in your doctor or in hospital as a outpatient by using a thin, tube-like needle inserted into the hip to withdraw a small sample from bone marrow. The sample will be view under microscopy to look for any abnormality of granulocytes or lymphocytes.
If your doctor suspect that the disease have spread to other tissue or organs, other tests may be required.
4. Etc.

A.4. Prevention
Increased intake of high amount of antioxidant and foods that enhance the immune system, and living a healthy life style may reduce risk of ALL.
c. 1. Diet
a. Garlic
In the study of Garlic compounds selectively kill childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro without reducing T-cell function: Potential therapeutic use in the treatment of ALL. Researchers found that after oral consumption or intravenous dose of garlic extracts to volunteers, serum from these volunteers could be substituted in similar experiments to that described in this manuscript to determine optimal dosage to achieve maximal killing of ALL cells while maintaining Th1 response.
b. Soy extract
In a study, research found that genistein increased the potency of the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin against the leukemia cell line HL-60, and reduced the damage this agent normally causes to normal lymphocytes, thus it may reduce normal tissue toxicity associated with chemotherapy (Lee R et al 2004).
c. Tomato
Tomato contain high amount of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that have shown inhibition of leukemia of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells.

d. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.

e. Etc.

2. With nutritional supplements
a. Lipoic acid and vitamin D3
Research shows that lipoic acid, used in combination with vitamin D3, support normal (versus cancerous) growth and maturation of leukemia cells (Sokoloski JA et al 1997).

b. GLA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
In a study, researcher found that GLA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to cause death in HL-60 leukemia cells (Gillis RC et al 2002).

c. Epigallocatechin gallate
In a study in 2004 by Dr. Lee, YK, found that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in green tea blocks the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), considered essential for leukemia growth and spread.

d. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
In a study of Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells, researchers found that The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibited a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression. Such synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating effects of lycopene and other compounds found in the diet and in plasma may suggest the inclusion of the carotenoid in the diet as a cancer-preventive measure.

e. Selenium
In a study of Selenium-induced Cytotoxicity of Human Leukemia Cells Interaction with Reduced Glutathione, researchers suggested that Only selenocystine and sodium selenite showed anti-tumor activity, and these were also the only compounds which demonstrated significant redox chemistry, including depletion of cellular glutathione, stimulation of glutathione reductase, and stimulation of oxygen consumption. The interaction of these two compounds with glutathione suggests an intriguing potential role for them in cancer therapy.

g. Etc.

A.5. Treatments
A5.1. In conventional medicine1. ALL in childhood
Since over half of of ALL in childhood is curable, the objective of treatment is to cure, if possible
Treatments of ALL include 4 phrases
a. Induction chemotherapy
The aim of this stage is to use chemotherapy anti-cancer drugs orally or intravenous injection to kill as many of the abnormal cells as possible resulting of cancer going into remission. the therapy generally lasts about one month.
b. Consolidation therapy
In this phrase, high-dose systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used to prevent the spreading of the cancer to brain and spinal cord, if it is not diagnosed in early tests. Length of this phase can vary, depending to the severity and result of the treatment, but it generally lasts one to two months.
c. Prophylactic therapy
The phrase is generally starts once the cancer goes into remission., with an aims to kill remaining cancer cells by high doses of chemotherapy drugs. Treatment generally last about 2 months depending the use of medication.


d. Maintenance therapy
As of its name, the focus in the phrase is to maintain the state of remmission of the cancer with the use of chemotherapy for several years. For girls, in general, total treatment lasts over two years. For boys, total treatment lasts over three years.

2. ALL in adulthood
Treatment of adulthood ALL is resemble of those of childhood with certain drugs used over a relatively short time, including anthracyclines, vincrisine, steriods, methotrexate, etc.
In Prophylactic therapy in treating brain and spinal cord with injection of methotrexate and/or cyosine arabinoside and radiotherapy,etc.

A.5.2. Herbal medicine
1. Nettle
Nettle or stinging nettle, is a perennial plant growing in temperate and tropical wasteland areas around the world, genus Urtica, belonging to the family Urticaceae. In some studies, research found that nettle's anti-inflammatory actions are attributed to its ability to interrupt the production and actions of inflammation-producing immune cells in the body (cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotreines).

2. St. John's wort
St John's wort is also known as Tipton's Weed, genus Hypericum, belonging to the family Hypericaceae, native to North America, Europe, Turkey, Russia, India, and China. A study published in the journal Cancer stated that an man-made version of hypericin, which naturally occurs in St. John's wort, appears to inhibit the growth of some malignant brain tumors.

3. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.

4. Celandine
Celandine is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Chelidonium, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America.
In a study of Ukrain (Ukrain is an anticancer drug based on the extract of the plant)– a new cancer cure? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials, researcher suggested, according to the data from randomised clinical trials that Ukrain to have potential as an anticancer drug. However, numerous caveats prevent a positive conclusion, and independent rigorous studies are urgently needed.

5. Myrrh
Myrrh is the dried oleo gum resin of a number of Commiphora or dhidin species of trees containing high amount of Boswellic acids. in a study, reported in In Vitro Screening for the Tumoricidal Properties of International Medicinal Herbs showed that Boswellic acids exert direct antiproliferative/pro-apoptotic effects through activation of caspase-3/8/9 and PARP cleavage in HT-29 cells (Liu et al., 2002), human leukemia cells HL-60, K 562, U937, MOLT-4, THP-1 and brain tumor cells LN-18, LN-229 (Hostanska et al., 2002).

6. Etc.

A.5.3. Traditional Chinese medicine
a. Shan Dou Gen
Shan Dou Gen is also known as sophora root. The bitter, cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM to hemorrhoids, cancer of the bladder, acute tonsillitis, psoriasis, hepatitis due to viral infection, etc. In a study, researcher found that purified compound Shan Dou Gen induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells and identified it as sophoranone... Our results indicate that sophoranone might be a unique apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent that targets mitochondria." Int J Cancer 2002 Jun 20;99(6):879-90

b. Ling Zhi
Ling Zhi is also known as Reishi mushroom. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti-inflammatory and antioxidation agent and to promote immunomodulary activityand mitochondrial energy production and prevent neuronal loss following cerebral ischemia, etc. In Aaseries of experiments including cell culture and benzidine staining test were undertaken to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss ex Fr) Karst Compound(GLC) on the proliferation and differentiation of K562 leukemic cells... It is concluded that GLC may be a good medicine for leukemia therapy." Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999;24(6):521-4. Chinese.

c. Jie Geng
Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis, sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the lung channels.The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.

d. Xia Ku Cao
Xia Ku Cao is also known as Common Selfheal Fruit-Spike. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has ben used in TCM as diuretic, antibiotic agent and to treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis, acute tonsillitis, amnesia, whooping cough etc., as it disperses Liver-Fire and nodules, treat hypotension, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and gallbladder channels. Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao showed anti tumor activity.

5. Qing hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to
trea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.

6. Etc.

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Most common Types of Cancer - Pharynx (Throat) Cancer

Pharynx
Pharynx is the curve area of the back of the mouth, located between esophagus and trachea connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. Its functions is to provide a passageway for respiratory and digestive tracts. In the United States in 2010 alone, according to National cancer Institute, there were 12,660 new cases of pharyngeal cancer, resulting in deaths of 2,410 patients

Pharynx Cancer or pharyngeal cancer
Pharynx Cancer is originated in tissue of the pharynx and classified
1. The nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose)
Cancer of the pharyngeal most commonly begins with malignant cells that line the nasopharynx, including nasal passages and auditory tubes join the remainder of the upper respiratory tract.
2. The oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx)
Cancer of the oropharynx also begins with the malignant cells that line the oropharynx, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate.
3. The hypopharynx (the bottom part of the pharynx)
Cancer of the hypopharynx most commonly begins with the malignant squamous cell that line the hypopharynx where the area of the larynx and esophagus meet. 90% of oropharyngeal neoplasms are squamous cell carcinoma.

Symptoms
Symptoms are similar to larynx cancer, including
1. Hoarseness or other voice changes
Due to malignant cells have invaded the vocal cords.
2. A cough that doesn't go away
Due to blocking of the airway
3. Breathing difficulties
Tumor has grown large enough to block off the air way
4. Ear pain
Tumor has pressed onto the nerve
5. A lump or mass in the neck or throat
Cancer gas invaded the nearby lymph nodes in the neck and throat.
6. Coughing up of blood
Breaking off of some malignant cells
7. Weight loss
Unintentional weight loss of over 10%
8. Difficulty swallowing
May be blockage of the tumors or affect the tumor to the swallowing muscles.
9. Etc.


Causes of risk factors
Although the real causes of pharynx cancer are unknown, but the followings are considered have been contributing to the causes.
1. Smoking
The risk of larynx cancer is 30 time higher in smoker compared to never smoke people. it may be due to high levels of carcinogens accumulated in the surface of the larynx lining for the
prolonged period of time. Secondhand smoke is also considered as a cause of non smoker.

2. Alcohol
Risk of larynx cancer is twice in heavy drinking compared to non or moderate drinking. In a controlled case of study of Combined effect of tobacco and alcohol on laryngeal cancer risk, researchers found that both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are independent risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Heavy consumption of alcohol and cigarettes determined a multiplicative risk increase, possibly suggesting biological synergy.

3. Aging
The risk of larynx cancer increases with age. Most cases of the cancer are detected usually detected in people between 50 and 75 years.

3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
In GERD, the stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing a burning pain. It any be caused by prolonged period of acid damaging to the larynx. In some studies, researchers found that irritation from longstanding GERD increases the risk of larynx cancer.

4. Poor nutrition
Poor nutrition induces the risk of all kinds of diseases due to weakened immune system, including larynx cancer. Some researchers suggested that not getting enough vitamins might be a risk factor.

5. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV infection of the larynx may increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. Although, infectious theory may be required further study, but prolonged period of larynx infection increases the risk of cancer found in some patients.

6. Race
Larynx cancer is developed twice as often among people of African descent than among Caucasians.

7. Gender
Men are at risk of larynx cancer than women. It may be due higher percentage of men are smokers and heavy drinkers.

9. Weakened immune system
People with weaken immune systems due to diseases or poor nutrition are at risk to develop laryngeal cancer.

10. Toxic exposure
Inhaling or exposed to wood dust, asbestos, or many types of chemicals that can increase the risk of larynx cancer.

11. Voice overused
Occupation required to use their voice most of the time can damage the vocal cord, leading to cancerous polyp.

12. Mouthwash used
A review of 200 patients with oral cancer researcher found that 10 of the 11 patients who did not smoke or drink alcohol frequently used mouthwash high in alcohol content, but further study showed that there is no link of mouth wash with high alcohol content and larynx cancer.

13. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests
Physical exam is performed at your doctor office if you are having some of above symptoms to check any abnormality of the neck, thyroid, larynx, and lymph nodes, including swellings and lumps.
In fact, not all abnormalities are cancerous.
1. Chest X ray
Chest X ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation to take image and check for any abnormality of the lung

2. Bone scan
With a small amount of radioactive substance, called a tracer injected into a vein, as it travels through the bloodstream it allows a special camera takes pictures of the tracer in your bones. If there is any abnormality in the bone, it will show up in the pictures.

3. Biopsy
Biopsy is a procedure of taking sample from susceptible area or tumor found by other tests by a small needle with local or general anesthesia. The sample will be examined by a pathologist under microscope to review the stage of the tumor.

4. CT scan (computerized tomography)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether the abnormality is a cyst or a tumor. In some doctors, X ray may be also ordered together with the CT scan.

5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the larynx and surrounding areas.

6. Etc.

Also depending to the location of the tumor, further diagnosis may be required
1. Nasopharyngeal (the upper part of the throat behind the nose) cancer
a. Nasoscopy
With the use of a nasoscopy, which is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light on its end inserted into your nose, your doctor can visualize and check for any abnormal cell growth mass in your nose and remove a sample which will be viewed under microscopy to determine the stage of the tumors.
b. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) test
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) test is to check for EBV in a blood or from a sample to rule out the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cause of symptoms.

2. Hypopharyngeal ((the bottom part of the pharynx) cancer
a. Barium X ray
Barium X ray is a type of X ray that the patient require to drinks a solution that contains barium, which is a dense liquid that will show up white under x-rays, allowing the tumor to be seen. This test is to check for abnormal areas in the esophagus.
b. Esophagoscopy: A procedure to look inside the esophagus to check for abnormal areas. An Esophagoscope which is a thin, tube like instrument with lighted on the end) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the throat into the esophagus to check for abnormal cell mass. If there is any abnormality is found, sample may be taken as well.
c. Bronchoscopy:
Boronchoscopy which another thin, tube-like instrument is inserted through you mouth or nose into the trachea and lung to check for any abnormality cells mass in the trachea and lung. If any abnormality is found, sample may be taken for view under microscopy to determine the stage of the tumor.
3. Oropharynx (the middle part of the pharynx) cancer
Exam is performed by your doctor to check for any abnormality in the middle part of the pharynx with light and mirror.

Stages and grade of larynx cancerA. Grading of the tumor is depended on the nature of non invasive or invasive. Tumor which spread slowly is given a lower grade, while fast spreading tumor is given a highest grade.

B. Stage of the larynx cancer
1. Stage 0
Larynx cancer is classified as
Stage 0. if the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but remain in the surface of the lining.
2. Stage I
The cancerous are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the lining, but still completely inside the larynx.
a. Stage IA
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1: The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and < 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and &less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.

b. Stage IB: The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue of the larynx, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)

3. Stage III
The cancer cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the larynx

4. Stage IV
The cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the larynx

5. Stage V
Stage V is the most advance stage of renal cell carcinoma as cancer cells have spread to the distant parts of the body

PreventionsA. How to prevent
1. Quit smoking
Smokers are 5 time more at risk to develop larynx cancer than non smokers.

2. Alcohol
Heaving drinking non only damage the liver but also twice at risk than non or moderate drinkers3. Avoid asbestos. The inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including larynx cancer. Although asbestos now have been banned in some countries and precarious is taken in some others. People in the underdeveloped world still at risk of asbestos using.

3. Nutrients and immune system
Make sure you are eating healthy to prevent poor nutritional and weakened immune system causes of larynx cancer.

4. Protect your sound
If you are in occupation required a lot of talking and singing, please take time to stop.

5. Etc.

B. Diet
Your are directed to my previous article of 100+ most healthier foods at
http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/
1. Fruits
In a study of nutrient-based dietary patterns and laryngeal cancer: evidence from an exploratory factor analysis, researchers suggested that diets rich in animal products and animal fats are directly related, and those rich in fruit and vegetables inversely related, to laryngeal cancer risk.

2. Freeze dried strawberry
In study of 36 participants consumed 60 grams of freeze dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.

3. Tomato
In study of Tomatoes, tomato-rich foods, lycopene and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, researchers stated that our study provides a strong protective evidence of tomatoes, tomato-rich foods and lycopene against cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.

4. Soy
In study of Flavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, and Cancer Risk: A Network of Case-Control Studies From Italy, researchers found that intakes of flavonoids, flavanones, and flavonols were found to be inversely related to oral and laryngeal cancers.

5. Cruciferous vegetables
Research found that cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussel sprout contain high amount of phytochemicals, sulforaphanem, indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane have shown inhibition of certain cancerous cells.

6. Etc.

C. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants are one the proven to be effective in prevent cancer caused of oxidation stress. You are directed to my previous article for in depth discussion. Visit http://the-anti-aging-guide.blogspot.com/2011/03/anti-aging-guide.html
2. Antioxidants
In a case-control study of micro-nutrients and laryngeal cancer risk in Italy and Switzerland, researchers found that independently from smoking and alcohol consumption, the intake of several micro-nutrients, including selected antioxidants, is inversely related to laynx cancer risk.

3. Vitamin A, C and zinc
Association of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc with laryngeal cancer to assess the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc in laryngeal cancer patients and healthy controls, researchers found that serum vitamin A, zinc and plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in laryngeal cancer patients as compared to the controls.

4. Selenium
In study of laryngeal cancer and blood selenium levels researchers found that lower blood selenium levels in this latter group of laryngeal cancer patients may be a consequence of their disease rather than its cause.

5. Quercetin
In study of effects of quercetin on human throat cancer Hep-2 cells, researchers found that Quercetin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells and its mechanism is probably related to the apoptosis.

6. Etc.

Treatments
A. Conventional Medicine
1. Surgery
Depending to the stage and grade of the tumor. In this surgery, a tracheostomy tube, is needed keeps the new airway open and a new airway called stoma (opening on the chest made during surgery by your surgeon) to allow air to enter and leaves the trachea and lungs.
a. Total laryngectomy
Completely remove the larynx.
b. Partial laryngectomy
In this surgery, only parts of rlarynx is removed.
b.1. Supraglottic laryngectomy
In this surgery, only the top part of larynx is removed.
b.2. Cordectomy:
In this surgery, one or both vocal cords are removed.

c. Side effects
Surgery and anesthesia risks and complication
2. Radio therapy By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills breast cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. If the cancer is small in size, cancer can be cured. If the cancer is large, radiation therapy can be used to control local bad symptoms. Treatments are usually given 5 days a week for 4 to 8 weeks.
a. In general, radiotherapy is used for small tumors or patients who cannot have surgery.

b. In other case, if surgery can not be performed due to the stage of the tumor, radiotherapy can be used to shrunk the tumor to make surgery possible

c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation
c.6. Etc.

3. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy can be used conjunction with radio therapy and surgery, if cancer has spread to a distant parts of the body with drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is found to have a less primary role in treating throat cancer.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
B. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Chen Pi
Chen Pi is also known as Tangerine Peel. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic agent and to stimulate blood vessels, inhibits movements of digestive tract and movement of uterine muscles, improve digestion, etc. as it regulates stomach qi, invigorates spleen Qi, dry damp, transform phlegm and prevent stagnation, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels. In vitro study Researcher found that hesperidin in Chen pi inhibits anti oxidation effect in preventing oxidation cause of cell DNA alternation.

2. Niu Bang Zi
Niu Bang Zi is also known as great burdock fruit. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic, anti-pyretic, anti tumor agent and to lower blood sugar, get rid of toxins, etc. as it clears heat, disperses wind-heat, remove toxins, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and stomach channels. In studies researchers found that have arctigenin, a chemical in Niu Bang Zi, does in fact slow tumor growth.

3. Jie Geng
Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis, sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the lung channels.
The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.

4. Xia Ku Cao
Xia Ku Cao is also known as Common Selfheal Fruit-Spike. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as diuretic, antibiotic agent and to treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis, acute tonsillitis, amnesia, whooping cough etc., as it disperses Liver-Fire and nodules, treat hypotension, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and gallbladder channels.
Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao showed anti tumor activity.

5. Etc.

Speech therapies after surgery
If treatment involves total removal of the voice box due to advance stage of the tumor, a tracheostomy (surgery to create an artificial airway in the trachea) is then performed to improve breathing, patient will have to learn how to speech again with the help of below speech therapies.
1. Esophageal Speech
Esophageal Speech is also known esophageal voice. It is type or method of speech production using the oscillation of the esophagus. In this method, learner takes air in through the mouth, traps it in the throat, then released in a controlled manner to create sound used to produce speech.
2. Artificial Larynx
An artificial larynx is a medical device was introduced in the 1940s, used to produce clearer speech by those who have lost their original voicebox as a result of larunx cancer. It is considered as one of more difficult method to master that requires training and practice.

3. Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP)
Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP), generally perform during the surgery of the removal of larynx, is a surgically created hole between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus with the help of a voice prosthesis is inserted into this puncture to keeps food out of the trachea but allows air into the esophagus for oesophageal speech. When speak, the person inhales air through a permanent breathing hole in the neck into the lungs with the cover of the stoma by a finger, air is directed from the tracheax into the esophagus to produce speech.
4. Etc.
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Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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Most common Types of Cancer - Larynx (Voice Box) Cancer

Larynx
Larynx is also known as voice box, located between the pharynx and the trachea. Its function is to ensure the airways are open and when we breath and talk and closed when we swallow to ensure no food gets into the trachea.

Larynx Cancer or Laryngeal Cancer
Larynx cancer is also known as cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma and can develop in any part of the larynx. Most larynx cancers are squamous cell carcinomas as a result of uncontrolled multiplication of transformed malignant cells in the laryngeal epithelium originated in the glottis.

Symptoms of Larynx (Voice Box) Cancer
1. Hoarseness or other voice changes
Due to malignant cells have invaded the vocal cords.
2. A cough that doesn't go away or stridor
Due to blocking of the airway
3. Breathing difficulties
Tumor has grown large enough to block off the air way
4. Ear pain
Tumor has pressed onto the nerve
5. A lump or mass in the neck or throat
Cancer gas invaded the nearby lymph nodes in the neck and throat.
6. Coughing up of blood
Breaking off of some malignant cells
7. Etc.

Causes and risk factors of Larynx (Voice Box) Cancer or Laryngeal Cancer1. Smoking
The risk of larynx cancer is 30 time higher in smoker compared to never smoke people. it may be due to high levels of carcinogens accumulated in the surface of the larynx lining for the
prolonged period of time. Secondhand smoke is also considered as a cause of non smoker.

2. Alcohol
Risk of larynx cancer is twice in heavy drinking compared to non or moderate drinking. In a controlled case of study of Combined effect of tobacco and alcohol on laryngeal cancer risk, researchers found that both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are independent risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Heavy consumption of alcohol and cigarettes determined a multiplicative risk increase, possibly suggesting biological synergy.

3. Aging
The risk of larynx cancer increases with age. Most cases of the cancer are detected usually detected in people between 50 and 75 years.

3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
In GERD, the stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing a burning pain. It any be caused by prolonged period of acid damaging to the larynx. In some studies, researchers found that irritation from longstanding GERD increases the risk of larynx cancer.

4. Poor nutrition
Poor nutrition induces the risk of all kinds of diseases due to weakened immune system, including larynx cancer. Some researchers suggested that not getting enough vitamins might be a risk factor.

5. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV infection of the larynx may increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. Although, infectious theory may be required further study, but prolonged period of larynx infection increases the risk of cancer found in some patients.

6. Race
Larynx cancer is developed twice as often among people of African descent than among Caucasians.

7. Gender
Men are at risk of larynx cancer than women. It may be due higher percentage of men are smokers and heavy drinkers.

9. Weakened immune system
People with weaken immune systems due to diseases or poor nutrition are at risk to develop laryngeal cancer.

10. Toxic exposure
Inhaling or exposed to wood dust, asbestos, or many types of chemicals that can increase the risk of larynx cancer.

11. Voice overused
Occupation required to use their voice most of the time can damage the vocal cord, leading to cancerous polyp.

12. Mouthwash used
A review of 200 patients with oral cancer researcher found that 10 of the 11 patients who did not smoke or drink alcohol frequently used mouthwash high in alcohol content, but further study showed that there is no link of mouth wash with high alcohol content and larynx cancer.

13. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests
Physical exam is always important and to be done by your doctor as if you are having some of above symptoms and your doctor suspect that there may be larynx problem to check any abnormality of the neck, thyroid, larynx, and lymph nodes, including swellings and lumps.
In fact, not all abnormalities are cancerous.
1. Indirect laryngoscopy
By using a small, long-handled mirror, your doctor will examine your throat for any abnormality, including your vocal cords through the a reflected image on a mirror.

2. Direct laryngoscopy
With the use of a either a hollow medical instrument or a fiberoptic cable called laryngoscope, inserted through your mouth or nose to check for any abnormality that may not see by the direct laryngoscopy by applying either local or general anesthesia.

3. Biopsy
Biopsy is a procedure of taking sample from susceptible area or tumor found by other tests by a small needle with local or general anesthesia. The sample will be examined by a pathologist under microscope to review the stage of the tumor.

4. CT scan (computerized tomography)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether the abnormality is a cyst or a tumor. In some doctors, X ray may be also ordered together with the CT scan.

5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the larynx and surrounding areas.

6. Etc.

Stages and grade of larynx cancerA. Grading of the tumor is depended on the nature of non invasive or invasive. Tumor which spread slowly is given a lower grade, while fast spreading tumor is given a highest grade.

B. Stage of the larynx cancer
1. Stage 0
Larynx cancer is classified as
Stage 0. if the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but remain in the surface of the lining.
2. Stage I
The cancerous are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the lining, but still completely inside the larynx.
a. Stage IA
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1: The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and < 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and &less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.

b. Stage IB: The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue of the larynx, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)

3. Stage III
The cancer cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the larynx

4. Stage IV
The cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the larynx

5. Stage V
Stage V is the most advance stage of renal cell carcinoma as cancer cells have spread to the distant parts of the body


PreventionsA. How to prevent
1. Quit smoking
Smokers are 5 time more at risk to develop larynx cancer than non smokers.

2. Alcohol
Heaving drinking non only damage the liver but also twice at risk than non or moderate drinkers3. Avoid asbestos. The inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including larynx cancer. Although asbestos now have been banned in some countries and precarious is taken in some others. People in the underdeveloped world still at risk of asbestos using.

3. Nutrients and immune system
Make sure you are eating healthy to prevent poor nutritional and weakened immune system causes of larynx cancer.

4. Protect your sound
If you are in occupation required a lot of talking and singing, please take time to stop.

5. Etc.

B. Diet
Your are directed to my previous article of 100+ most healthier foods at
http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/
1. Fruits
In a study of nutrient-based dietary patterns and laryngeal cancer: evidence from an exploratory factor analysis, researchers suggested that diets rich in animal products and animal fats are directly related, and those rich in fruit and vegetables inversely related, to laryngeal cancer risk.

2. Freeze dried strawberry
In study of 36 participants consumed 60 grams of freeze dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.

3. Tomato
In study of Tomatoes, tomato-rich foods, lycopene and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, researchers stated that our study provides evidence of strong protective e€ect of tomatoes, tomato-rich foods and lycopene, and UADC.

4. Soy
In study of Flavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, and Cancer Risk: A Network of Case-Control Studies From Italy, researchers found that intakes of flavonoids, flavanones, and flavonols were found to be inversely related to oral and laryngeal cancers.

5. Cruciferous vegetables
Research found that cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussel sprout contain high amount of phytochemicals, sulforaphanem, indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane have shown inhibition of certain cancerous cells.

6. Etc.

C. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants are one the proven to be effective in prevent cancer cause of oxidation stress. You are directed to my previous article for in depth discussion.
You are directed to my previous article for in depth discussion. Visit http://the-anti-aging-guide.blogspot.com/2011/03/anti-aging-guide.html

2. Antioxidants
In a case-control study of micro-nutrients and laryngeal cancer risk in Italy and Switzerland, researchers found that independently from smoking and alcohol consumption, the intake of several micro-nutrients, including selected antioxidants, is inversely related to laryngeal cancer
risk.

3. Vitamin A, C and zinc
Association of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc with laryngeal cancer to assess the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc in laryngeal cancer patients and healthy controls, researchers found that serum vitamin A, zinc and plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in laryngeal cancer patients as compared to the controls.

4. Selenium
In study of laryngeal cancer and blood selenium levels researchers found that lower blood selenium levels in this latter group of laryngeal cancer patients may be a consequence of their disease rather than its cause.

5. Quercetin
In study of effects of quercetin on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells, researchers found that Quercetin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells and its mechanism is probably related to the apoptosis.

6. Etc.

Treatments
A. Conventional medicine
Treatments in larynx cancer may result of the way you look, breathe, and talk, it is for your benefit that you should consider all the option treatments and expect what will happen after so shock and stress after a diagnosis of cancer can be prevented. You may also want to get second opinion from other expert. Please ask as many questions as you can your doctor will be happy to answer all your concerns before treatments. Removing the tumor, surrounding tissue and muscles may cause difficulty in neck movement. If a tracheostomy (surgery to create an artificial airway in the trachea) was performed, the stoma is usually permanent.
Larynx cancer usually treated with combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy depending to the stage and grade of the tumor.
1. Surgery
Depending to the stage and grade of the tumor. In this surgery, a tracheostomy tube, is needed keeps the new airway open and a new airway called stoma (opening on the chest made during surgery by your surgeon) to allow air to enter and leaves the trachea and lungs.
a. Total laryngectomy
Completely remove the larynx.
b. Partial laryngectomy
In this surgery, only parts of rlarynx is removed.
b.1. Supraglottic laryngectomy
In this surgery, only the top part of larynx is removed.
b.2. Cordectomy:
In this surgery, one or both vocal cords are removed.

c. Side effects
Surgery and anesthesia risks and complication
2. Radio therapy By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills breast cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. If the cancer is small in size, cancer can be cured. If the cancer is large, radiation therapy can be used to control local bad symptoms. Treatments are usually given 5 days a week for 4 to 8 weeks.
a. In general, radiotherapy is used for small tumors or patients who cannot have surgery.

b. In other case, if surgery can not be performed due to the stage of the tumor, radiotherapy can be used to shrink the tumor to make surgery possible

c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation
c.6. Etc.

3. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of larynx cancer, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used combination with radio therapy and surgery.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.

B. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Chen Pi
Chen Pi is also known as Tangerine Peel. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic agent and to stimulate blood vessels, inhibit movements of digestive tract and f uterine muscles, improve digestion, etc. as it regulates stomach qi, invigorates spleen Qi, dries damp, transforms phlegm and prevents stagnation, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels. In vitro study Researcher found that Hesperidin in Chen pi inhibits anti oxidative effect in preventing oxidation cause of cell DNA althernation.

2. Niu Bang Zi
Niu Bang Zi is also known as great burdock fruit. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic, antipyretic, anti tumor agent and to lower blood sugar, get rid of toxins, etc. as it clears heat, disperses wind-heat, remove toxins, etc. by enhancing the functions of lung and stomach channels. In studies researchers found that have arctigenin, a chemical in Niu Bang Zi, does in fact slow tumor growth.

3. Jie Geng
Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis, sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the lung channels.
The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.

4. Xia Ku Cao
Xia Ku Cao is also known as Common Selfheal Fruit-Spike. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has ben used in TCM as diuretic, antibiotic agent and to treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis, acute tonsillitis, amnesia, whoooing cough etc., as it disperses Liver-Fire and nodules, treat hypotension, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and gallbladder channels.
Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao showed anti tumor activity.

5. Etc.

Speech therapies after surgery
If treatment involves total removal of the larynx, a tracheostomy (surgery to create an artificial airway in the trachea) is then performed to improve breathing, patient will have to learn how to speech again with the help of below speech therapies.
1. Esophageal Speech
Esophageal Speech is also known esophageal voice. It is type or method of speech production using the oscillation of the esophagus. In this method, learner takes air in through the mouth, traps it in the throat, then released in a controlled manner to create sound used to produce speech.
2. Artificial Larynx
An artificial larynx is a medical device was introduced in the 1940s, used to produce clearer speech by those who have lost their original voicebox as a result of larunx cancer. It is considered as one of more difficult method to master that requires training and practice.

3. Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP)
Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP), generally perform during the surgery of the removal of larynx, is a surgically created hole between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus with the help of a voice prosthesis is inserted into this puncture to keeps food out of the trachea but allows air into the esophagus for oesophageal speech. When speak, the person inhales air through a permanent breathing hole in the neck into the lungs with the cover of the stoma by a finger, air is directed from the tracheax into the esophagus to produce speech.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight


Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to Most common Types of Cancer  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca    

Most common Types of Cancer -Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)

Kidney
Kidney is an essential organ od our body, beside it is best known for its function in the urinary system, it also regulates regulation of electrolytes, blood pressure, maintains acid-base balance, produces hormone calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin, etc. In the urinary system, kidney filters blood with billions of glomeruli by separating the cells of blood from plasma. As the plasma passing into the tubules, some necessary substances are reabsorbed back into the blood, while others waste, such as urea and ammonium are stored into pelvis then into the ureter to the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma (Kidney cancer/renal cells)Renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer caused by malignant cells of the limning of the tubules in the kidney. It tends first to spread via bloodstream and the second tumor generally found in the lung, but it may also spread to lymph nodes and other organs as well.

Symptoms
Because of less nervous in the kidney and location, the early stage of renal cell carcinoma is very hard to detect. In some case, the tumor can grow without causing any pain and discomfort.
1. Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain that is dull and constant lasting for hours
2. Back pain
Back pain that is dull and constant lasting for hours
3. Blood in urine
Due to beak off of the tumor in the tubules
4. Unintentional weight loss
Any intentional weigh loss over 10% is one of most common symptoms of cancer.
5. Flank pain is a sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in around the back and side of abdomen
6. Swelling and enlargement of abdomen
It happens to approximate 15% of all cases of renal cell carcinoma.
7. Anemia
Due to the cancer has affected the function of erythropoietin in production of hemoglobin.
8. Varicocele enlargement
Due to blockage of the left (right) testicular vein by tumor invasion of the left (right) renal vein.
9. Hypertension
Due to secretion of renin by the tumor
10. Etc.

Causes and risk factors
1. Gender
Men are twice at risk to develop renal cell carcinoma than women. It may be due smoking habit in men.
2. Aging
Onset of renal cell carcinoma has a peak incidence in the 50 but today, the disease has a tendency to effect the younger age population.
3. Smoking
Smoking increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
4. Obesity
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer among women, but in study by Br J Cancer. 2001 Sept 28;85(7):984-90 found that there is no evidence of effect modification by sex. Our quantitative summary shows that increased BMI is equally strongly associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer among men and women.
5. Diuretic and nondiuretic anti-hypertensive medication
Researcher found that there was an increased risk associated with ever use of each of the different classes of diuretic but the odds ratio was reduced to 1.1 after adjustment for hypertension. Nondiuretic antihypertensive use was associated with a similarly increased risk of prior to adjustment for hypertension
6. Family history
if one your direct family member has it, your risk of develop renal cell carcinoma increases
7. Chemical toxins
Exposure to certain environment chemical toxins may increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
8. Cystic kidney disease
This type of genetic disorder of the kidneys accompanied with renal deficiency can increase risk of developing of kidney cancer.
9. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease
Due to malignant transformation in multiple organ systems of the disease.
10. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests
1. Urinary test
It is one of the first test that your doctor may order. Urinary test is to check for blood in urine which can not be seen by the naked eye and other infections.

2. Ultrasound
Ultrasound allows your doctor to visualize the kidneys and around structures and to assess blood flow to the kidneys as well as looking for any abnormal cells growth mass, including cancer.

3. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether kidney abnormality is a cyst or a tumor.

4. Arteriogram
It is done to assist the surgical planning. By using a special dye injected through a catheter into into the kidney artery with the helps of a TV monitor, X-ray images are taken as the dye moves through the blood vessels to see the location of biggest arteries.

5. Blood chemistry
blood chemistry is to check blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. If the kidneys are not working properly, the levels of BUN will build up in the blood. If creatinine are not functioning properly, creatinine can build up in the bloodstream.

6. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the kidney and surrounding areas.

7. Etc.

Grades of renal cell carcinoma
The Grade of renal cell carcinoma is depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.

Stages of renal cell carcinoma
1. Stage 0
Kidney (renal cells) caner is classified as Stage 0, if the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the kidney lining.
2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep kidney lining, but still completely inside the kidney.
a. Stage IA1
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1: The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB: The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1: Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2: Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the kidney.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the kidney.
5. Stage IV
In stage IV is the most advance stage of renal cell carcinoma as cancerous cells have spread to the distant parts of the body

Preventions
A. How to avoid
1. Reduce intake of red meat
Researchers found that beef, pork or lamb as a main dish and processed meats were also associated with increased renal cell carcinoma. Red meats and processed meats had a positive association with renal cell carcinoma among males who had smoked or were overweight; among females this was the case for hamburger only.

2, Quit smoking
Smoking has associated with the increased risk of renal cell carcinoma.

3. Reduce your weight if
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer among women, but in study by Br J Cancer. 2001 Sept. 28;85(7):984-90 found that there is no evidence of effect modification by sex. Our quantitative summary shows that increased BMI is equally strongly associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer among men and women.

4. Reduce intake of salt
dietary with high amount of salt increases blood pressure which is associated with kidney diseases, leading to kidney failure.

5. Beware of anemia
It may be a first symptoms of kidney diseases. If you are constantly tired, bruise easily or suffer from dizziness.

6. Toxins
Environment toxins can reduce the functions of your kidney and increase the risk of renal cells carcinoma.

7. Etc.

A. Diet
To learn more of healthy foods diet, please visit my previous article at http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/
1. Soybean
In study researchers found that aspartic acid in soybean not only helps to protect the body drug toxicity and radiation, it also plays an essential role for the brain in information transmitting across the synapse, thus reducing the risk of mental disorder.

2. Kombu seaweed.
In study in the NSCLC-bearing nude mice, research found that U-fucoidan extract showed anti-tumor activity at subtoxic doses. In vitro and vivo preliminary study researchers also found that U-fucoidan extract exhibits inhibitory effect and is very potent antitumor agent in cancer therapy.

3. Blueberry
Pterostibene in blueberry is found to have similar anti-cancer property as of to the antioxidant resveratrol found in grapes and red wine.

4. Cruciferous vegetables
Cabbage, a curciferous vegetables contains high amount of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells

5. Garlic
Chinese garlic-lovers are not the only ones to benefit from garlic's cancer-fighting abilities, including renal cell carcinoma. John Milner, Ph.d., from Pennsylvania State University, points out in a review article tracking the anti-cancer effects of garlic that "the potential benefits of garlic appear not to be limited to a specific region of the world ..." when researchers noticed that a certain region of this country had both an extraordinarily high garlic intake and a surprisingly low rate of stomach cancer. In other study, researchers found that there is a strong link between high consumption of allium vegetables and low rates of cancer.

6. Etc.

B. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidant
Antioxidants are always important for preventing the oxidation cause of cancer, including kidney cancer. To read more how antioxidant helps to prevent alternation of cells DNA, causing cancer
Please go to my previous article http://the-anti-aging-guide.blogspot.com/2011/03/anti-aging-guide.html

2. Vitamin E, iron and calcium
Researchers found that a significant inverse associations were observed for females taking vitamin E or calcium supplements. Among males, those taking vitamin E or iron for more than 5 years had reduced risks.

3. Beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin
In an study of vitamin C, E, and carotenoid intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma, researcher found that dietary intake of beta-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin was inversely associated with the risk of ( Renal cell carcinoma) RCC. specially in women, overweight or obese subjects. The relation of lutein/zeaxanthin to renal cell carcinoma was stronger in ever smokers.

4. Certain types of Vitamins and minerals
In Nutrients and renal cell carcinoma: Results from a case-control study, researchers found that numerous vitamins including vitamins A, C and K. Vitamin K , minerals, such as calcium, folate, magnesium, potassium and zinc are protective against renal cell carcinoma and Magnesium provided the greatest protection.

5. Carotenoids
A study of Intakes of fruit, vegetables, and carotenoids and renal cell cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies found that increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with decreasing risk of renal cell cancer; carotenoids present in fruit and vegetables may partly contribute to this protection.

5. Etc.


Treatments
A. Conventional medicine1. Surgery
a. Radical nephrectomy:
Radical nephrectomy is one of surgery of choice for localized kidney tumor or renal cell carcinoma of which the cancerous cells is either smaller and in lower stage. In this surgery, the entire kidney, along with the adrenal gland and some tissue around the kidney are removed, including nearby lymph nodes may also be removed if necessary.

b. Simple nephrectomy:
Simple nephrectomy is the procedure to remove only the kidney. It is effective in treating non invasive or earlt stage of renal cell carcinoma.

c. Partial nephrectomy:
Under certain circumstance, if simple and radical nephrectomy can not be performed such as cancer affects both kidneys, the patient has only one kidney due to previous surgery, partial nephrectomy will be applied to remove only the tumor and some of the tissue around the tumor. Normally it is used in combination with radiotherapy.

d. Side effects
Surgery and anesthesia risks

2. Biological therapy
a. Biological therapy used medicine to stimulate the immune respond to fight diseases, in this case, it is renal cell carcinoma by the use of certain drug, including interferon of which commonly use to fight off invasive renal cell carcinoma through injection.
b. Side effects
It is important to note that side effects will disappeared when the treatment is stop.
b.1. Muscle pain
b.2. Fever
b.3 Loss of appetite
b.4. Chill
b.5. Nausea and vomiting
b.6. Etc.

3. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of renal cell carcinoma, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is considered not very effective in treating renal cell carcinoma.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.


4. Arterial embolization
a. Arterial embolization is considered effective if the vessels which supply oxygen and nutrients to the tumor has been cut off. It is used as a palliative treatment for unresectable renal carcinoma and in patients with less advanced disease (stage I–III), leading to shrinking of the tumor.In arterial embolization, a narrow tube is inserted into a blood vessel through a small cut in the leg then passed up to the renal artery blood vessel to block the blood flow to the kidney.
b. Side effects
It is important to note that side effects will disappeared when the treatment is stop
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Back pain
b.3. Fever
b.4, Etc.

5. Targeted therapies
Targeted therapies use drugs or other substances to block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific types of cancer cells with no harm to the healthy cells by stopping the growth of cancer cells and the growth of blood vessels to the tumor with medicine taken in pill or through IV injection.
6. Etc.

B. Herbal Medicine
1. Astragalus
Researcher found that astragalus stimulates the immune system to produce T and natural killer (NK) cells, thus stopping the spreading of renal cell carcinoma.

2. Pau D’Arco
Pau D’Arco is also known as Pink Lapacho, genus Tabebuia, native to the America. It contains high levels of alpha-lapachone, beta-lapachone and xyloidone which demonstrated anti cancer effects in some studies. An article published by Dr. Daniel B. Mowrey on Pau d'Arco stated that "Lapacho has produced clinical anti-cancer effects without side effects.

3. Red Clover
Red Clover is a perennial herb, genus Trifolium, belonging to the family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Western Asia and northwest Africa. It has been used in herbal medicine to treat cancer due to its anti-cancer and anti-tumor genistein by preventing new blood vessels from forming within a tumor.

4. Reishi Mushroom
Reishi mushroom is a species of fungal, genus Ganoderma, beloning to family Ganodermataceae, it is also known as Ling Zhi in traditional Chinese medicine and highly regarded for its cancer protective action. It has been used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative agent in TCM and researcher found that reishi mushroom promotes the body's natural cancer killer cells T lymphocytes to slow the growth of renal cancer cells.

C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1.Huang Qi
Huang Qi is also known as astragalus. The sweet herb has been used in TCM to improve endurance, protect the liver and regulate blood sugar by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels. In rat study, researcher found that astragalus extracts possess cytostatic properties by inhibiting tumor growth and delaying chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Researcher found that astragalus stimulates the immune system to produce T and natural killer (NK) cells, thus stopping the spreading of renal cell carcinoma.


2. Ren Shen
Ren Shen, also known as Panax ginseng. The sweet, warm aromatic herb has been used in TCM as anti-cancer, anti aging, anti stress agent and to improve cardiac function including short of breath, palpitation, instant sweating, dropping of blood pressure, etc, by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels. In vitro study, researcher found that Ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng demonstrated anticancer effects.

3. Qing Dai
Qing Dai is also known as Natural Indigo. the salty and cold herb has been used in TCM as anti inflammatory agent and to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), eczema, children epilepsy, etc., by enhancing the function of liver, lung and stomach channels. It is used in combination with other herbs to treat cancer.

4. Gan Cao
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti virus and bacteria, anti ulcer and anti convulsion agent and to get rid of toxins, promote secretion of insulin, protect liver from toxin, etc., as it tonifies the spleen, enhances qi, clears heat, expels phlegm and synergize other herbs by enhancing the functions of all 12 channels in the body. In-vitro, researchers found that Saponins stimulate the immune system and inhibit Epstein-Barr virus expression and possess anti-cancer activities.

5. Etc.
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Most Common Types of Cancer - Kaposi's Sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancerous tumor of the connective tissue caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and is often associated with AIDS, leading to red or purple bumps of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, face, torso or limb in a short rime. In fact, it is most commonly appear in the skin, the lining of the digestive tract or the lung and in men more often than in women. Kaposi' sarcoma tends to develop slowly, but in HIV/AIDS patients, though, the disease is aggressive and spread quickly. Kaposi' carcoma can be life threatening, if the cancer invades the to other organs, such as in lung, it can cause difficulty of breathing and in
in liver or digestive tract, it can cause internal bleeding.

Types of Kaposi' sarcoma1. Classic/Mediterranean Kaposi' sarcoma
Classic Kaposi' sarcome is rare cancer developed more common in older men of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern or Jewish descent as it forms one or more lesions on the legs, ankles, or the soles of the feet. The classic Koposi' sarcoma is a slower growth type of cancer because of the progression without weaken immune system and many early diagnosis do not require treatment.

2. Endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma
Endemic KS is found in parts of Africa due to human herpes virus 8 or herpesvirus infection is more common. It develops more quickly affect men, women and children of all ages, but tends to occur in younger men under age 40.

3. Iatrogenic/transplant-associated Kaposi sarcoma
In this case, Iatrogenic/transplant-associated Kaposi sarcoma occurs to patient with infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) due to medication used to suppress the immune system of the body from rejecting the donated organ in transplant, leading to the increased risk of development of the disease.

4. Kaposi sarcoma in HIV negative men having sex with men
Recently report from the above study from Department of Dermatology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France, indicated that Kaposi's sarcoma may develop in homosexual or bisexual men without HIV infection. This type of Kaposi's sarcoma has clinical features in common with classical Kaposi's sarcoma but occurs in younger patients.

5. Epidemic/AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma
Epidemic/AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma is a common type of Kaposi's in The US occurred in the people with HIV infection cause of weakening or damaging of the immune system. The risk of developing KS is depended to the CD4 count. If the CD4 count is lower, the higher the risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma.


Symptoms
1. Unexplained weight loss
Any Unintentional weight loss of over 10%
2. Swollen lymph nodes
Due to damage of lymph nodes cause of fluid building up
3. Fever
Sometime it will accompany with fever due to infection
4. Purple, red, or brown blotches or tumors on the skin
Due to blood vessels concentration.
5. Cough and shortness of breath
As the result of the disease have spread to the lung
6. Bleeding from gastrointestinal lesions
As a result of the disease has spread to the gastrointestinal tract
7. Anemia
As a result of internal bleeding
8. Vomiting
Due to the disease has invaded the digestive system.
9. Etc.

Causes and risk factors
1. Sexual Preferences
Homosexual and bisexual males are increased risk of the disease
2. Age
Male between age of 20 - 60 with sexual preferences mentioned above is at high risk of Kaposi's sarcoma, and elder man with weakened immune system is at increased risk of Kaposi' sarcoma.
3. HIV and AID
People infected with HIV and AID have a weakened the immune system and increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma
4. Gender
Kaposi' sarcoma occurs more often in men than in women.
5. Ethic background
while classic Kaposi' sarcoma is more likely to develop in older men of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern or Jewish descent, epidemic/AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma is a common in The US.
6. Etc.

Diagnosis and Test1. Biopsy
Biopsy is the medical procedure of withdawing removing a skin lesion effected area and vitualize under microsocpe by a pathologist to review nature of the tumors and determine types of cancerous cells by a thin needle by either punch or excisional biopsy.

2. Chest x-ray
A chest X-ray radiograph (X-ray) is impotant for your doctor to visualize tissues, organs and bones that lie beneath the skin of the chest cavity to see if cancer has spread to the lung.

3. Bronchoscopy
In case of patient having a symptoms of shortness of breath or other related to lung symptoms, Bronchosoly may be used to look into the lungs to check for anf lesion of Kaposi' sarcome by using general anesthesia and a tiny, fexible instrument with light inserted through the throat down into the lung.
4. Gastrointestinal endoscopy
In case there is gastrointestinal or related symptoms, gastrointestinal endoscopy is used to determine the nature of the tumors depending to the locations
a. Upper endoscopy
It is a procedure with the use of an endoscopy inserted into mouth to examine the esophagus and the stomach with the help of anesthesia and withdrawn sample by small instrument.
b. Capsule endoscopy
If symptoms are intestine related, capsule endoscopy is helpful by introduce a capsule with light and a camera to the intestine as the patient swalow it. As it travels through the small intestine (it may taken sometime), it takes thousands of pictures which will be viewed by the doctor from a computer.




5. Etc.


Stages of Kaposi's sarcoma
There is no stage in classifying Kasopi's sarcoma but grouped into 5 types of the disease.

Preventions
A. How to void
1. Sexual preference
Men with sexual preference such as homosexual and bisexual preference should practice sex safety to protect against infected HIV or AID virus.
2. Alcohol
Excessive drink can damage liver and suppress immune system function in fighting again infection caused by virus.
3. Get enough nutrients
Nutrients deficiency weakens the Immune system.
4. Toxins
Accumulated toxins over s prolonged period of time can increase the risk of suppression of immune system.
5. Obesity
Obesity can affect the function of white blood cells to produce anti-body and cause a depressed immune system.
6. Over dose of sugar
Study in 1973 showed that found that drinking Eating or drinking 100 grams (8 tbsp) of sugar suppresses the immune system.

7. Etc.

B. Diet
Improve immine system is one the best way to prevent against infected by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Kaposi's sarcoma
1. Citrus fruits
Citrus contains high amount of vitamin C, the essential vitamin in boosting immune system but also one of the free radical scavenger and vitamin A persursor.

2. Garlic
Garlic is best known to contain to contain high amount of sulfur and antxidants that not only enhance the immune system but also immune system booster by activating the anti-microbial property infighting against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

3. Cranberries .
Phytochemicals in canberry under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundat in cranberry, inhibit cander cell in vitro study.

4. Omega 3 fatty acid
Several studies showed that Omega 3 inhibits cancer cells of in certain cancer cells, including breast, prostate, colon cancer cells, etc. Others studies also indicated that benefit cancer patients, improving appetite, weight, and quality of life.


5. Honey
In some studies, Antioxidants in honey have even been associated with reducing the damage done to the colon in colon inflamation diseases. Other study found that particular type of honey may be useful in treating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Honey also contain antimicobrial agent because of low water activity causing osmosis, hydrogen peroxide effect and high acidity.

6. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplement
1. Vitamin C
Vitamin C increases raised the concentration in the blood of IgA (Ig is an abbrevlatlonfor immunoglobulin), IgM, and the C3 complementcomponent-three key members of the immune system in fighting against foreiger invasion such as bacteria and virus. It is also a powerful antioxidant in scavenging free radicals thus stopping the oxidated damage to the cells DNA.

2. Vitamin E
Another free redical scangering antioxidant and immune booster by producing the protein, interleukin-2, that fights and kills bacteria and viruses in your body.

3. Vitamin E
Vitamin E beside is a powerful antioxidant, it also enhances the rpoduction of B cells guarding our body against foreigner invasion.

4. Beta Carotene
Beta carotene is only another antioxidant, but enhance the production of B-cells in fighting against cancerous cells. An article in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (August 1997) showed that increased consumption of beta carotene reduces risk of cancer, inhibits early stages of carcinogenesis, and reduces the risk of cancer in experimental animal models.

5. Bioflavenoids or Flavonoids
Flavonoids found abundat in cranberry, inhibit cander cell in vitro study.

6. Zinc
Zinc, as a antioxidant is essential mineral in ading immune system by enhancing the proper function of T cells which belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, in fighting against damaging free radicals. Zinc supplements have been shown to slow the growth of cancer.

7. Selenium
Selenium is one of the powerful antioxidant. In the extracellular space, it helps to influence immune processes by proliferating the response to mitogen, and macrophages, leukotriene.

8. Etc.


Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
The aims of the treatments are to control the disease condition and reduce symtoms due to the nature of arising from or occurring to many locations of Kaposi's sarcoma, depending to the severity of immune deficiency.
1. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation may be used to kill any cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation. In Kaposi' sarcoma, lesions of are respond well to radiotherapy treatment even with small dose.
b. Side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b. 2.Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation
b.6. Etc.

2. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most used to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. In Koposi's sarcoma, many drugs have been used such as vinblastine, vincristine, bleomycin, etc. but it is very difficult to give adequate dose because of immune suppression.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.

3. Biological therapy
a. By enhancing the body's own immune or hormonal system to kill cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells relatively intact with the use of antibodies to attack cancer cells or block their activities or interrupting the hormonal or chemical pathways of the cancers with certain biological agents. In Kapois' sarcoma, the agent modifier alpha-interferon, has been used with good respond to patience with less severe immune suppressive condition.

b. Side effects
1. Allergic reactions

b. 2. Difficulty breathing, swelling
b. 3. Nausea
b.4. Fever or chills
b.5. Dizziness and fatigue
b.6. Etc.

4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight


Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Back to Most common Types of Cancer  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page.html

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