Saturday, 5 August 2023

#Fennel Powder #Extract, and Oil Inhibit Serum Nitric Oxide (NO) and Kidney #Malondialdehyde (MDA)Induced Oxidativestress through Its Antioxidant Activity

Kyle J. Nortn

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect of eliminating excess water and toxin from our body, some scientists suggested.

Diuresis is a medicine with a function to stimulate increased production of urine.

Detoxification is a process of eliminated toxin accumulation from our bodies. In some cases, the function may only target some specific organs, such as kidneys, liver,..... and lungs.

According to traditional medicine, detoxification is a necessary process to enhance and optimize the functions of our body by cleansing away substances that may reduce or cause harm to our body organs and tissue.

According to the Tao of Wellness in the address of the importance of detoxification of Traditional Chinese Medicine wrote, " Our body is automatically programmed to cleanse itself daily. However, with our fast-paced modern lifestyle and exposure to an increasing number of harmful and toxic substances, our body’s natural cleansing ability has become overworked and compromised" and "Many signs and symptoms attributed to stress are now being linked to exposure from harmful substances such as PCBs, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, growth hormones, and mercury in food and liquids as well as dioxins and formaldehyde in the air".

Truly, harmful and toxic substances not removed from our body may have substantially negative implications to cause many serious illnesses, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases,..... and reproductive ailments.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.

The herb or food has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as a warming, carminative, antispasmodic, and depressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, regulate the menstrual cycle, and relieve PMS,...


In an animal model, according to John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. in the evaluation of the re-toxic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Foeniculum vulgare var dulce (D.C) root, researchers found that application of the extract exerts a significant activity in flushing out of excess water and toxin from the body through increased kidney function in secretion of fluids.

The result of these properties was observed by an increase in urine flow and urinary sodium excretion.

The efficacy in the cleansing body was also found linearly in dose dependent manner.

Continuously, in further examine the efficacy of fennel powder, extract, and oil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through a study of a total of 35 adult female Sprague Dawley rats classified into five groups with the first group kept on the standard diet all over the period of the experiment. and the other groups were administered gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days i.p), followed by either control (+ve) group or treated groups with fennel powder, extract, and oil for 45 days, at the end of the study, researchers found that

* Injected gentamicin group served as control and exhibited strong nephrotoxicity manifested by increasing levels of kidney function indicator, serum nitric oxide (NO), and kidney malondialde(MDA) however, this group of rats also exerted a significant decrease in weight gain.

Increased expression of serum nitric oxide (NO) and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of severe oxidative stress caused by an imbalance of the ratio of ROS and antioxidants in the host.

* Gentamicin groups treated with fennel powder, extract, and oil demonstrated an improve the levels of urea and uric acid in comparison to control (+ve) and displayed an improvement of antioxidant enzymes, serum superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, and glutathione transferase (GST) and decrease of serum NO in compared to control (+ve) group.

These results addressed the important antioxidant effect of fennel extracts.

Furthermore, the applications not only inhibited the levels of free radicals and their' chain-reactive activities but also stimulated the production of antioxidants found in the host tissue.

* Moreover, the group treated with fennel oil restored the normal values of kidney antioxidant enzymes compared with the normal group and other treatment groups.

Dr. Soheir Ahamed Al-Masri, the lead author, after taking into account of other co and confounders said, "Fennel powder, extract, and oil have a potent antioxidant and ameliorate in rats gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats".

Clearly, fennel oil exhibited the greatest effect in stimulating kidney function to detox the body toxins through increased secretion of urine compared to other experimental groups.

The results of this study clearly indicate that fennel powder, extract, and oil are potent antioxidants that ameliorate the levels of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Interestingly, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with either water extract of Marrubium vulgare L. or Foeniculum vulgare L. in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), researchers showed that application of fennel water extract reduces hypertension through Foeniculum increased water, sodium, and potassium excretion in compared to no effect of Marrubium treated group.

Additionally, in comparison to Marrubium extract reduced hypertension through inhibited contractile responses, fennel restored normal; blood pressure by increased urine secretion and ameliorated the overexpression of ROS and increased antioxidant status in the host.

Surely, one can say that Foeniculum acts mainly as a diuretic and a natriuretic while Marrubium displays vascular relaxant activity.

Taken together, fennel and its extracts may be considered a kidney-detoxed functional food in getting rid of body toxins through its diuretic activities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Diuretic action of hydroalcohol extracts oilFoeniculum vulgare var dulce (D.C.) roots in rats by
D. Beaux, J. Fleurentin, and F. Mortier(Wiley Online Library)
(2) The Ameliorating Effects of Fennel Powder, Extract and Oil on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats 1 Soheir Ahamed Al-Masri and 2 Waffa, Sh. Ali( Journal of American Science)
(3) Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat by El Bardai S1, Lyoussi B, Wibo M, Morel N(PubMed)

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