Sunday, 6 August 2023

#Bromelain's Phlogenzym Protects the Cardiac Muscle in Blood Circulation Against Damage Caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) Injury

Kyle J. Norton

The cardiac muscle or heart muscle or myocardium is a type of muscle that helps the heart to pump blood to nourish the entire body by performing coordinated contractions.
Damage of the heart muscle can lead to cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, leading to abnormally heart enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened.

In other words, cardiomyopathy reduced the heart muscle ability to pump blood, causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or the rest of the body.

Most common types of cardiomyopathy are
* Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition caused by the enlarged and weakened left ventricle.

* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a result of the thickening of the heart muscle, at the septum between the ventricles, below the aortic valve.

* Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a condition caused by narrow arteries that affect the supply of blood to the heart muscle.

* Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a condition that the walls of the lower chambers of the ventricles are too rigid to expand

Most common symptoms of cardiomyopathy are associated with reduce blood flow due to reduced function of heart muscle including general weakness and fatigue, shortness of breath, particularly during exertion or exercise, lightheadedness, and dizziness, chest pain, heart palpitations, fainting attacks, high blood pressure, edema, or swelling, of your feet, ankles, and legs.

If you have experienced some of the aforementioned symptoms, please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility of cardiomyopathy.

Out of many factors associated with the risk of cardiomyopathy, some researchers suggested that long-term alcoholism may be the major culprit.

Dr. B. Maisch wrote, " Moderate drinking can reduce the incidence and mortality of coronary artery disease, heart failure, diabetes, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke".


However, "More than this amount can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, which is defined as alcohol toxicity to the heart muscle itself by ethanol and its metabolites".

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With an aim to find a potential ingredient for the improvement of cardiovascular circulation, researchers examined the effect of bromelain on ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by the production of oxygen-free radicals leading to disturbances in vasomotility (microvascular constriction) and microvascular permeability (interstitial edema formation).

The study included a rabbit hindlimb model of I/R (2.5/2 h) were given Phlogenzym, containing rutin, trypsin, and bromelain enterally (60 mg/kg body weight) 30 min prior to ischemia (Ph group).

Before treatment with Phlogenzym, two hours after reperfusion, potassium levels were significantly elevated in IR compared to the Ph group.

Application of Phlogenzym inhibited the enhanced lipid peroxidation, apparent by increased plasma malondialdehyde levels in the Ph group, particularly, in the reduction of blood flow.

Furthermore, Phlogenzym treatment also prevented microvascular constriction and mollified interstitial edema

In other words, Phlogenzym protects the cardiac muscle in blood circulation against damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "Phlogenzym had a protective effect on skeletal muscle during I/R injury expressed by prevention of no-reflow and preservation of muscle tissue".

Taken together, bromelain used alone or combined with conventional medicine may be considered a remedy for the protection of heart muscle, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
Bromelain Osteoarthritis
(1) Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bromelain: A Review by Rajendra Pavan, Sapna Jain, Shraddha, and Ajay Kumar. (PMC)
(2) The result of dosage and individual predisposition. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy by B. Maisch. (PMC)

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