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By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research
papers have been written and published on line, including world wide
health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best
before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Osteoarthritis
I. Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is a condition of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.
II. Symptoms
Symptoms of osteoarthritis are aching
pain, stiffness, or difficulty moving of one or more joints. The pain
usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced
of the diseases, the pain can occur even at rest.
1. Pain in joints of the hand
Most commonly affected joints of the hand in osteoarthritis include the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC 1) and the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints. The pain is likely due to secondary synovitis caused by molecules released from the joint cartilage(3).
2. Knee and Hip
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip
is among the most frequent and debilitating arthritic conditions of
osteoarthritis, caused by cartilage destruction by pro-inflammatory
cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and prostaglandins(4).
3. Spine
Vertebral deformity, in particular wedging, of
the thoracic spine is not exclusively characteristic for
osteoporosis. Osteoarthritis affecting the low back can lead to chronic
low back pain (lumbago) and degenerative disc disease (spondylosis). Lumbar spine disc degeneration are characterized by increased CII degradation(5).
III. Causes of Risk Factors
A. Causes
1. Process of wear and repair
Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal
joints and is often associated with senescence in vertebrates. arising
from long term wear and tear, heavy long-term use or specific injuries;
yet, in the absence of injury, the aetiology of OA remains obscure(6)
Improper repair process of injure of joints can also result of symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA) in old age, according to TCM.
2. Nutrient deficiency
Poor nutritional conditions
experienced early in life are linked to greater prevalence of OA during
senescence as well as reduced life expectancy(7).
3. Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective
tissue cushioned the ends of bones in your joints and allowed the joints
to move smoothly. Rough or wears down cartilage due to aging or
damage can causes pain due to bone in the joint rubbing against
another bone.
The above causes of Osteoarthritis (OA) are the result of injure, overuse, Rheumatoid Arthritis, etc.
4. Etc.
B. Risk factors
Aging changes in the musculoskeletal system contribute to the
development of OA by making the joint more susceptible to the effects of
other OA risk factors
1. Abnormal biomechanics
2. Joint injury andobesity
3. Age-related sarcopenia and increased bone turnover
may also contribute to the development of OA(8). Other suggested that
Osteoarthritis development in the injured joints is caused by
4. Intra-articular pathogenic processes initiated at the time of injury
4. Age, sex, genetics, obesity, muscle strength, activity, and reinjury(8a)(11)(13).
5. Age related sarcopenis
Normal aging in humans is associated with declines in skeletal muscle
mass and strength and increased muscle fatigability (sarcopenia)(9).
6. Race
Women and male Asian are at higher risk to develop osteoarthritis,
according to research of Praxisklinik für Unfallchirurgie und
Orthopädie(10)
3. Deformation of bone
People who were born with defective joints or cartilage are at increased risk of developing osteoarthritis.
4. Activity
People who involve in activity such as sport are at higher risk to develop osteoarthritis.(11).
6. Occupations
Certain occupation are associated to the increased risk of
osteoarthritis, especially to workers involving repetitive movements
that stress on a particular joint(12).
7. Deficiency in DNA repair
Progeroid human DNA repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy may be associated to the to the development of osteoarthritis(14).
9. Other diseases and conditions may have a higher risk of developing the condition.
a. Gout
Gout
is a type of arthritis as a result of uric acid builds up in blood
causes ofo joint inflammation. According to a total of 4249 completed
questionnaires were returned (32%). From 359 attendees, 164 cases of
gout were clinically confirmed, there is highly significant association
existed between the site of acute attacks of gout and the presence of
OA(15).
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, causing the attack of
flexible (synovial) joints, inflammation of the surrounding tissues and
many tissues and organs. Patients with heumatoid arthritis (RA) are
associated to increase risk of OA due to progression of aging(15a).
c. Paget’s disease of the bone
Paget’s disease of bone
is a condition a chronic disorder of enlarged and misshapen bones
resulting in excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue causing
pain, misshapen bones, fractures, and arthritis in the joints near the
affected bones(16) with prevalence trends of doubling each decade from
the age of 50 onwards, causing bone pain, depending on skeletal sites
involved and range from secondary osteoarthritis to malignant
degeneration(17).
d. Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a condition of inflammation of a joint as a result of bacterial or fungal infection causes of osteoarthritis(18).
e. Etc.
9. Etc.
IV. Diseases associated with osteoarthritis
Researchers suggested that OA
is not simply a disease related to aging or mechanical stress of
joints but rather a “metabolic disorder” interrelated to lipid,
metabolic, and humoral mediators. Indeed, OA has been linked not only
to obesity but also to other cardiovascular risk factors, namely,
diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance(19a).
Most people with osteoarthritis also suffer from one or more below comorbidities(19b)
1. Hypertension
According to the University Health Network Research Institute, the
economic burden incurred by RA significantly exceeds that related to OA
and HBP(19).
2. Cardiovascular disease
According to Erasmus University Medical Centre, there is an
associations of atherosclerosis with osteoarthritis of the knee and hand
joints in womens(20).
3. Peripheral vascular disease,
The average vessel wall thickness of the popliteal artery was 1.09 mm
in patients with generalized OA, and 0.96 mm in the matched normal
reference population(21).
4. Congestive heart failure
Hypertension, diabetes, and older age have shown to increased risk of Congestive heart failure modestly. Etoricoxib, an annti-inflammatory painkillers showed a statistically significant inhibition at 90 mg in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis(22).
5. Renal function impairment
Median excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in the OA
patients as a whole was raised above values found in a healthy control
population(23).
6. Diabetes
Several epidemiological and experimental data support the hypothesis
that diabetes could be an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis
(OA)(24).
7. Respiratory disease
People with Respiratory disease is also at a higher risk to develop osteoarthritis (OA), such as chronic cough and bilateral infiltrates on chest roentgenogram(25).
8. Etc.
V. Diagnosis
The
aim of the diagnosis is to differentiate the diseases against other
types of arthritis to avoid misdiagnosis and to rule out the other
(secondary osteoarthritis)causes of osteoarthritis (OA).
After
taking the complex physical examination and careful exam the physical
symptoms such as, joint swelling, Joint tenderness, decreased range of
motion in joints, Visible joint damage, etc. some of the below tests
may be necessary
1. Blood Test
Although blood test is not
necessary in many cases of osteoarthritis (OA), it can be helpful tool
to rule other causes of the disease.
2. Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is the test to exam the joint synovial fluid.
Abnormal joint fluid may look cloudy or abnormally thick may be a
indication of inflammation or osteoarthritis.
3. X-rays
X rays beside is one of the common used to diagnosed for findings of
osteoarthritis (OA) such as abnormal joints, bone, joint space between
adjacent bone, loss of joint cartilage, etc., it is a heltful tool to
rule out other causes of pain and assist the decision-making when
surgical intervention is found to be necessary.
4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
While MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a more sensitive imaging
method, it is used less often than x-rays due to cost and availability.
MRI scans show cartilage, bone, and ligaments.
5. Etc.
VI. Prevention
A. The Do and do not’s list
1. Prevention recurrent injure to damage menisci
Meniscus damage or recurrent injure might be considered as a signifying feature of incipient OA in middle-aged and elderly people(26).
2. Take precaution if your occupation is at increased risk of osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most important diseases as it
frequently affects the active age group of the population contributed to
loss of working hours and of disability. Compressive, torsional,
pulling and angular movements common in certain occupations or sports
may result in injuries of soft tissue, thus increasing the development
of OA(27).
3. Muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises
Muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises are effective in reducing
pain and improving physical function in patients with mild to moderate
OA of the knee(28).
4. Maintain a healthy weight
Increased BMI is associated with more severe cartilage degeneration as
assessed by both morphological and quantitative MRI measurements(29).
5. Avoid dehydration
According to the University of Michigan, dehydration reduced the
mobility of collagen amino acid residues and carbon sugar ring
structures in glycosaminoglycans but dehydration effects are
reversible, through the restoration of molecular structure and
mobility(30).
6. Avoid intake of inflammatory foods
Loading up on junk foods and fast foods contains high amount of trans
fat of that increases the risk of inflammation causes of osteoarthritis
(OA). Red meat, eggs, and wheat products all contain high amount of
arachidonic acid, too much arachidonic acid may be worsen the
inflammation process, etc.
7. Eat your fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables containning high amount of nutrients and
antioxidant, can enhance immune defense system within the joint through
direct infleuences of transferrin performance for reduction of
inflammation as well as suppressing free radicals and the chain of free
radicals reaction cause of elevating the swelling and promoting degeneration(31).
8. Replace regular beverage with green tea
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, was found to be
effective in reducing inflammatory cytokines induced inflammatory
diseases(32).
9. Etc.
B. The Diet
The aims of the diet is to provide protection to
avoid elevation of the swelling and induced-degeneration aging causes
of osteoarthritis
1. Green tea
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate
(EGCG), according to the College of Pharmacy, found a bundantly in
green tea showed to exhibit its anti anti-rheumatic activity in patients with joint diseases(33).
2. Salmon
is the common name for Salmonidae, born in fresh water, migrate to the
ocean, then travel thousands of miles in the deep sea cold water
throughout their life cycle and within five years returning to the
exacted location where they were born to reproduce and die.
a. Weight loss
n3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFA) exhited its
effect in body weight, at the end of the 1-month period in 16 children
through deduction of insulin resistance and beta-cell in Homeostatic model assessment(HOMA-IR)(34).
b. Antioxidants
Megadoses of vitamin E, beside having pro-oxidative activity, it
actually increase the anti-oxidative capacity of the liver, after
ingestion of salmon oil(35).
c. Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 3
fatty acids is necessary to maintain the ratio of good and bad
cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of cholesterol inflammation cause of
heart diseases (36).
d. Anti inflammation
Omega
3 fatty acids not only reduces the risk of inflammatory effects on our
joints and improved blood flow, by regulating the migration of
inflammatory cells, but also reduce the elevation of the proinflammatory leukotriene LTB(4) causes of autoimmune diseases(37).
3. Walnut tree, cultivated for its nut and kernel and for commercial purpose all over the world, is one of the Genus plant belong to the family Juglandaceae about 30–130 ft).
a. Antioxidant effects
Even lthough walnuts consumption did not significantly change the
plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy, well-nourished older adults but chronic consumption, it improved linoleic acid and pyridoxal phosphate in enhancing total plasma thiols(38).
b. Inflammation defense
Intake of walnuts is shown to promote manganese superoxide dismutase
(MnSOD), an enzyme located in mitochondria, is the key enzyme in
protection of the energy-generating mitochondria from oxidative damage
caused by free radicals(39).
c. Diabetes risk
Deficiency
(too little) and efficiency (too much) of some essential trace metals
may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus(40).
4. Dulse, commonly used in Ireland and Atlantic Canada both as foods and medicines,
is a red seaweed of genus Palmaria, belong to Family Palmariaceae
grown attached to rocks by a “holdfast” in the North Atlantic and
Northwest Pacific. Dulse is found in many health food stores or fish
markets or can be ordered directly from local distributors.
a. Health benefits
Seaweeds, including dulse, showed to consist a important functional
activities, such as antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticoagulant effect,
antitumor activity, and modification of lipid metabolism(41).
b. Antioxidants
Dulse extracts showed to inhibit certain lipid peroxidations(42).
c. Weigh loss
As a rich source of fiber, dulse enhances the process of digestion,
for making the stomach feeling fullness, thus reducing the risk of
insulin cause of food craving(43).
5. Lime (Lemon)
Lime, a around shape with green to yellow in color and 3–6 cm in diameter, is a species of Citrus Aurantifolia, belongs to the family Rutaceae, native to Southeast Asia.
a. Antioxidant
Lime flower extract may contain high levels of antioxidant but lesser than the ethanol extract of cinnamon(44).
b. Vitamin C
Besides preventing the breaking off small vein cause of hardening of
the vessel wall, vitamin C also improves the digestive system in
maximum absorption of vital nutrients and plays an important role in
enhancing immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals
that cause muscle damage(45).
c. Immune system
Flavonoid ,
found abundantly in lime, improved the immune system in fighting
against forming of free radical causes of tumor and cancer(46).
6. Etc.
C. The Antioxidants
1. Immune system and functioning (Free radical scavengers)
Free
Radicals play an important role in the function of the Immune System.
The immune systen produces free radicals to kill foreign microbes, but
the production of free radical sometime can be excessive, leading to
formation of a large number of free radicals. The domino effects have
shown to induce many chronic illness.
a. Vitamin A
vitamin A plays an essential roles in enhancing a broad range of immune
processes, including white blood cells activation and proliferation,
T-helper-cell differentiation, the production of specific antibody in
regulation of the immune response(46a).
b. Vitamin C
Researchers found that vitamin C raised the concentration in the blood
of total immunoglobulin(46b) in promotion of the ability of antibodies
and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens(46c).
c. Vitamin E
Vitamin E not only increased both cell-dividing and IL-producing
capacities of naive T cells but also enhanced the immune functions in
association with significant improvement in resistance to influenza
infection.
d. Zinc
Zinc, as a antioxidant is essential
mineral improved immune system by enhancing the proper function of T
cells which belong to a group of white blood cells known as
lymphocytes, in fighting against damaging free radicals.
2. Antioxidants and osteoarthritis
a. Vitamin E and fish oil
Diet included fish oil plus vitamin E significantly reduce the levels
of inflammation by analyzing the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in
the blood serum.
b. Glucosamine
Glucosamine, a compound
of the simple sugar glucose and the amino acid glutamine, is a
precursor for glycosaminoglycans, a major component of joint cartilage.
Supplemental glucosamine showed to prevent cartilage degeneration and
treat arthritis, according to study.
c. DLPA (dl- phenylalanine)
DLPA, a mixture of D-Phenylalanine and L-Phenylalanine, is a
nutritional supplement amino acid. showed effectively reduces arthritis
pain and joint inflammation in many patients.
d. Glucosamine and Methylsulfonylmethane
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with osteoarthritis of the
knee were given a combination of glucosamine and MSM, or placebo. After
12 weeks, Combination of MSM and glucosamine may improve arthritis
symptoms, according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled
study
3. Etc.
D. The Phytochemicals
1. Epigallocatechin, including catechins, found abundantly in green tea, St John wort, black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc. is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols)
a. Inflammatory effects
Catechins might be useful therapeutically as an anti-inflammatory modulator of dental pulpal inflammation, thorugh up-regulated expressions of IL-8 in fighting against infection or PGE(2) in response to infection or inflammation(47).
b. Antiviral activities
(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and green tea extract (GTE) inhibited the
cytopathic effect of coxsackie B3 virus, but did not inhibit the
cytopathic effects of HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza A or influenza B
viruses(48)
c. Antioxidants
Polyphenolic components
extracted from green tea leaves, exhitbit antioxidative effects against
free radical initiated and peroxidation of human low density
lipoprotein(49).
2. Catechin is
phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in white tea, green tea, black tea,
grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, etc.
a. Body-weight regulation
Green tea-caffeine mixture improves weight maintenance, through thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and sparing fat free mass(50).
b. Antioxidant activity
Polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the berries of edible
honeysuckle exhibit the beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective
activities in against a number of chronic conditions, e.g., cancer,
diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and
neurodegenerative diseases(51).
c. Anti-inflammatory effect
Polymeric tannins and monomeric flavonoids, such as catechin and epicatechin found in green tea and pine bark, showed to exhibit theirs antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)(52).
3. Theaflavin is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in black tea.
a. Antioxidant capacities
Theaflavin-3′-gallate
(TF(2)B), a derivative of theaflavin exhibits positive antioxidant
capacities on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro(53).
b. Antimicrobial activities
In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, including
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3′-digallate, theaflavin-3′-gallate, and theaflavin-3-gallate exhibit
antimicrobial activities, better than medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations(54).
c. Anti inflammation
A single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents
(TF, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3′-gallate, and
theaflavin-3,3′-digallate) strongly inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse
ears, through its anti inflammatory activity(55).
4. Myricetin
is a flavonol, belong to the flavonoid in Flavonoids (polyphenols),
found in many grapes, berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, as well as
other plants. It has been used as antioxidant to lower cholesterol,
treat certain types of cancer, etc.
a. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity
Extracted from plants containing phenolic compound, including
flavonoid-galloyl glycoside [myricetin
3-O-(2',3'4'-tri-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside] exhibited high
antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 (IC(50)(56).
b. Antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities
On mammary tumour cells LM2, myricetin may be a promising agent in the treatment of murine breast cancer by immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities due to its inhibitory activity to the release of NO(57).
5. Cyanidin is
an anthocyanins (flavonals), in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols),
found abundantly in red apple and pear, bilberry, blackberry,
blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, etc.
a. Antioxidants
Blackberries (BBs) containing mainly cyanidin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (C3G) exhibit its antioxidant effect in preventing bone loss in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model(58).
b. Anti-inflammatory Effects
A polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract (RRE; standardized to
total polyphenol, anthocyanin, and ellagitannin contents), decrease
in the rate of degradation of both proteoglycan and type II
collagen(59).
c. Obesity
Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g)-rich foods inhibited the onset of obesity, partly related to the activation of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase(LPL), and inhibition of LPL in adipose tissue(59a)(60).
6. Etc.
VII. Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Medication
The aim of the treatment is to relieve symptoms of the disease
1. Acetaminophen
a. Acetaminophen such as Tylenol can help to relive the pain of Osteoarthritis. In the study
to Tramadol/APAP add-on significantly improved knee OA pain which had
been inadequately controlled by NSAIDs. Both tramadol/APAP and NSAIDs
were effective at maintaining the pain-reduced state(61).
b. Side effects if overdose are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Appetite loss
b.3. Sweating
b.4. Diarrhea
b.5. Irritability
b.6. Abdominal pain
b.7. Etc.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
a.
The use of the medicine should be taken into account of in cost
effectiveness, adverse event data and individual cardiovascular and
gastrointestinal risks(62).
b. Side effects are not limit to
According to King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause
b.1. A nonspecific colitis (in particular, fenemates), and many patients with collagenous colitis are taking NSAIDs.
b.2. Large intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and perforation
b.3. Relapse of classic inflammatory bowel disease
b.4. Serious complications of diverticular disease (fistula and perforation)
b.5. Small intestinal perforation, ulcers, and strictures requiring surgery
b.6. Specific biochemical and subcellular organelle damage(63).
3. Narcotics
Narcotics are natural opioid drugs derived from the Asian poppy may
provide relief from more severe osteoarthritis pain, with additive
effect
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Risk of dependence
b.2. Dizziness and drowsiness
b.3. Nausea and vomiting
b.4. Headache and fatigue
b.5. Etc.
4. Etc.
A.2.. Non medication therapy
Non medication therapy depending to the individual needs, including
patients education and self-management programs, weight loss if patient
is overweight, physical therapy such as muscle strengthening, aerobic
conditioning and tai chi exercise, occupational therapy for joint
protection, etc.
1. Exercise therapy plus manual mobilisation showed a moderate effect size on pain compared to the small effect sizes for strength training or exercise therapy alone(64).
2. Manual therapy is more effective than exercise for those with hip OA in the short and long-term(65).
A.3. Surgery
1. Arthrocentesis plus corticosteroid
Arthrocentesis is a medical procedure to remove joint fluid with a
sterile needle for analysis through injection of corticosteroids into
the joints to relieve pain, swelling, and inflammation. The number of
cortisone shots is limit every year as overdoses the medication can
cause joint damage.
2. Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to examine and
treat the abnormalities of and damage to the cartilage and ligaments
through the arthroscope.
3. Lubrication injections
Injections of hyaluronic acid derivatives (Hyalgan, Synvisc) are
recommended only to patients who have not found adequate pain relief
conservative treatment options.
4. Realigning bones
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure used to realigning bones and
cartilage and reposition the joint to reduce knee pain by shifting your
body weight away from the worn-out part of your knee.
5. Joint replacement
Joint replacement is
a surgical procedure of orthopedic surgery to remove the damaged joint
surfaces and replaces them with plastic and metal devices called
prostheses. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment only for
patient with severe joint pain or dysfunction that can not be
alleviated by other less invasive treatments.
6. Etc.
B. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Stinging nettle
Stinging
nettle showed beneficial to patients with osteoarthritis in 2 general
ways: pain relief and disease process modification(66).
2. Ginger
Ginger
compresses for patients with osteoarthritis, showed a unique qualities
of heat, stimulation, anti-inflammation and analgesia(67).
3. Devil’s claw
Harpagophytum
procumbens(Devil’s claw) is among the most commonly used complementary
and alternative medicine approaches utilized by patients suffering from
osteoarthritis(68).
4. Hot Chilli (Capsaicin) Topical
capsaicin is consideration as adjuvant therapy in conditions such as
post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis, where
the pain can be chronic and difficult to treat| without any severe systemic adverse, according to Dr Rains C, and Bryson HM(69).
5. Etc.
In traditional Chinese medicine perspective According to the article of Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis in TCM Therapy by Chun Yi, Lu O.M.D., LAc.(71), Osteoarthritis is caused by blood stagnation and blood stasis.
C. 1. Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang
(Clematis and Stephania Combination) is used to activate the blood and
dispels blood stasis, induce downward movement of the blood, and
strengthen the tendons and bones, reduce pain and inflammation and
swollen of the joint lining and improve joint function.
Depending to the patients’ situations, the following modifications are recommended
1. For pain in the arm or upper body, add Gui Zhi (Cinnamomum cassia).
2. For foot pain or pain in the lower body, add Mu Gua (Chaenomeles speciosa) or Yi Yi Ren (SemenCoix).
3. For qi deficiency, add Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) or Ci Wu Jia (Siberian Ginseng)
C.2. Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang (Cnidium and Chiang Huo Combination)
1. Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang (Cnidium and Chiang Huo Combination) is used
to activate the blood, dispel blood stasis and wind-dampness, alleviate
pain, unblock the meridians, promote the flow of qi, etc.
2. The ingredients of this formula include
2.1.ao Ren (Semen Prunus persica),
2.2. Hong Hua (Flos Carthamus tinctorius),
2.3.Wu Ling Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri seu Pteromi),
2.4. Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthes bidentata) and
2.5. Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis)
Depending to on the patients’ situations, the following modifications are recommended
a. For slight fever, add Cang Zhu (Atractylodes lancea)
or Hunag Bo (Cortex Phellodendron amurense).
b. For Weakness, add Huang Qi (Radix astragalus).
C.3. Yi Yi Ren Tang (Coix Combination)
1. The formula is
affliction of wind-cold-dampness marked by painful joints and
accompanied by numbness also difficulty in stretching and swelling in
the joints. it typically works in about eight weeks, and reduces pain
at least 50 %, but often leaves patients pain free.
2. Ingredients of the formula include
2.1 Ma Huang (Herba Ephedra sinica),
2.2. Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coix lacryma-jobi),
2.3. Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnarmomum Cassia),
2.4. Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodes lance),
2.5. Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis),
2.6. Shao Yao (Radix Paeonia lactiflora) and
2.7. Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhiza uralaensis preparata)
Depending to the patients’ situations, the following modifications
are recommended
a. For upper joints pain, add Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae lonatae)
b. For lower joints pain, add Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae)
c. For serious whole joints pain, add Yan Hu Suo (Rhizome Corydalis)
If you want to read the complete article, please follow the link of (71)
References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(2) http://health.yahoo.net/channel/musculoskeletal-disorders.html
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22448556
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22471357
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15476251
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20618843
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20699160
(8a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761605
(9) http://jn.nutrition.org/content/128/2/351S.full
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21243591
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237485
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14573720
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090528
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820927
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17284542
(15a)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12508389
(16) . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_bone
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18592244
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1958098
(19a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367223
(19b) http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/suppl_1/i4.full.pdf
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563029
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19575196
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19380329
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8162449
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474484
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671818
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614907
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2661026
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22474634
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623435
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786810
(31) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-arthritis.html
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861859
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22136960
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12951900
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660150
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346389
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462428
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21977313
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18193174
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10488389
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15833383
(43)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102847
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21284538
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19902983
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158208
(46a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25269669
(46b)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366311
(46c)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18147027
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176036
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1284389
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878235
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383680
(53) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576
(55) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21595573
(57) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19323263
(58)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386839
(59) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111586
(59a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6816616
(60) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360538
(61) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811797
(62) http://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b2538
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8500743
(66) nhttp://www.encognitive.com/files/STINGING%20NETTLE%20CREAM%20FOR%20OSTEOARTHRITIS.pdf
(67) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20626491
(68) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951024
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8535059
(70) http://www.suntenglobal.com/news/img/SUNTEN_QuarterlyNewsletter_Winter2007.pdf
Saturday 7 February 2015
Quick and Easy Healthy Kid Loved Lunch Box Recipe: Pear and avocado Fruitwiches
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen
Fruitwiches: lunchtime eye candy featuring kid.s favorite food group
Mash half ripe avocado in a bowl. Add a squeeze of fresh lemon juice and season to taste with salt and pepper. Spread the avocado evenly on 2 slices of bread. Add layer of thin sliced Bosc or Asian pear to one of the slice. Cover with other slice and press gently to adhere. swap in pomegranate seeds for the pear, if you like.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen
Fruitwiches: lunchtime eye candy featuring kid.s favorite food group
Mash half ripe avocado in a bowl. Add a squeeze of fresh lemon juice and season to taste with salt and pepper. Spread the avocado evenly on 2 slices of bread. Add layer of thin sliced Bosc or Asian pear to one of the slice. Cover with other slice and press gently to adhere. swap in pomegranate seeds for the pear, if you like.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Friday 6 February 2015
(4th edited )Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Xi Yang Shen (American Ginseng) treatments of Dementia Caused by Heart Qi Deficiency
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (810)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
C.2.2. Heart (Yang) Qi deficiency
Heart Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the heart in transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain through blood circulation. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissue and behavior patterns(843)(842).
3. Xi yang shen(946), Yin in nature, the sweet, slightly bitter, cool herb has been used in TCM to treat fatigue(947)(948), diabetes(949), cardiovascular diseases(950)(951) and atopic diseases(952), promote saliva, quench thirst(949)(950), due to yang deficiency of lungs, by enhancing the lung and spleen qi, through increasing the digestive system in absorbing vital energy and reducing the heat causes of qi stagnation through Heart, Lung, Kidney channels.
Phytochemicals
1. Resin
2. Pinene
3. α Phellandrene
4. β Phellandrene
5. α-amyrone,
6. α-amyrinone
7. α-amyrin
8. β-amyrin
8. Viridiflorol
9. Insensole
10. Insensole oxide
11. Ginseng Saponins: ginsenoside -R0, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2, -Rg3, -Rh1, -RA0, quinquenoside R1, gypenoside X1, F3, F11.
12. Etc.
Herbal xi yang shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(953) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(953) causes of neuro cells apoptosis(954) and related cognitive deficits(955).
3.1. In Alzheimer's disease
In Alzheimer's disease cell model, induced by Abeta25-35, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG), exerted a neuroprotective effects of SH-SY5, a human derived cell line against cells apoptosi(954). Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a main component found in American ginseng, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model, induced by scopolamine, morphine and methamphetamine, significantly mitigated learning and memory impairment in 15 days, through inhibited the expressions of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ1-40 in the cortex and hippocampus, restored the activities of antioxidants in decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a indicators of lipid peroxidation (953).
3.2. In Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
In neurodegeneration-like Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease rat model, induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). preparation of American ginseng leaves and stems significantly reduced brain degeneration through its active phytochemicals, ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb3 and Rd(958), according to Baylor College of Medicine and Austin State University(957). Ginseng saponins, an active ingredients also found in ginseng species, including American ginseng also exerted beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative disease through mediated protective mechanisms, including attenuated free radicals(959)(960).
3.3. In Neuroprotective effects
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a phytochemical of Panax quinquefolism (American ginseng) showed to exhibit its neuroprotective effect on methamphetamine (MA)-induced behavioral and neurochemical toxicities in mice(964) and in Parkinson's disease (PD) of rat model, improved locomotor(962) by evoked neuronal excitability was mediated by increased release of glutamate(962); motor balance, coordination, and apomorphine-induced rotation, through inhibiting free radical formation and stimulating endogenous antioxidant release(961). According to the State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG) also exerted its neuroprotective effect on SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis induced by Abeta25-35, in Alzheimer's Disease cellular model(963).
3.4. In Cognitive impairment
Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, elevated oxidative stress, and apoptosis of the neurons have shown to induce the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) found abundantly in American ginseng, exhibited recognition improvement effect in mouse model, through its antioxidant status in inhibition ofamyloidogenesis and oxidative stress and enhancement of neuronal functions(965) as well as ameliorated cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and biochemical alterations caused by accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(966).
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(946) http://alternativehealing.org/american_ginseng.htm
(947) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415341
(948) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803872
(949) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24891873
(950) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985167
(951) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998708
(952) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038929
(953) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541491
(954) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180962
(955) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213250
(956) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
(957) https://nwpf.org/stay-informed/news/2005/06/ginseng-compounds-may-fight-huntington%E2%80%99s-disease,-parkinson%E2%80%99s-disease/
(958) http://www.biospace.com/News/ginseng-substances-fight-brain-disease-in-rats/20252020
(959) Plants and phytochemicals for Huntington's disease
(960) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518078
(961) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386001
(962) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21864652
(963) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180962
(964) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13679222
(965) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541491
(966) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (810)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
C.2.2. Heart (Yang) Qi deficiency
Heart Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the heart in transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain through blood circulation. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissue and behavior patterns(843)(842).
3. Xi yang shen(946), Yin in nature, the sweet, slightly bitter, cool herb has been used in TCM to treat fatigue(947)(948), diabetes(949), cardiovascular diseases(950)(951) and atopic diseases(952), promote saliva, quench thirst(949)(950), due to yang deficiency of lungs, by enhancing the lung and spleen qi, through increasing the digestive system in absorbing vital energy and reducing the heat causes of qi stagnation through Heart, Lung, Kidney channels.
Phytochemicals
1. Resin
2. Pinene
3. α Phellandrene
4. β Phellandrene
5. α-amyrone,
6. α-amyrinone
7. α-amyrin
8. β-amyrin
8. Viridiflorol
9. Insensole
10. Insensole oxide
11. Ginseng Saponins: ginsenoside -R0, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2, -Rg3, -Rh1, -RA0, quinquenoside R1, gypenoside X1, F3, F11.
12. Etc.
Herbal xi yang shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(953) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(953) causes of neuro cells apoptosis(954) and related cognitive deficits(955).
3.1. In Alzheimer's disease
In Alzheimer's disease cell model, induced by Abeta25-35, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG), exerted a neuroprotective effects of SH-SY5, a human derived cell line against cells apoptosi(954). Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a main component found in American ginseng, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model, induced by scopolamine, morphine and methamphetamine, significantly mitigated learning and memory impairment in 15 days, through inhibited the expressions of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ1-40 in the cortex and hippocampus, restored the activities of antioxidants in decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a indicators of lipid peroxidation (953).
3.2. In Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
In neurodegeneration-like Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease rat model, induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). preparation of American ginseng leaves and stems significantly reduced brain degeneration through its active phytochemicals, ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb3 and Rd(958), according to Baylor College of Medicine and Austin State University(957). Ginseng saponins, an active ingredients also found in ginseng species, including American ginseng also exerted beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative disease through mediated protective mechanisms, including attenuated free radicals(959)(960).
3.3. In Neuroprotective effects
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a phytochemical of Panax quinquefolism (American ginseng) showed to exhibit its neuroprotective effect on methamphetamine (MA)-induced behavioral and neurochemical toxicities in mice(964) and in Parkinson's disease (PD) of rat model, improved locomotor(962) by evoked neuronal excitability was mediated by increased release of glutamate(962); motor balance, coordination, and apomorphine-induced rotation, through inhibiting free radical formation and stimulating endogenous antioxidant release(961). According to the State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG) also exerted its neuroprotective effect on SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis induced by Abeta25-35, in Alzheimer's Disease cellular model(963).
3.4. In Cognitive impairment
Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, elevated oxidative stress, and apoptosis of the neurons have shown to induce the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) found abundantly in American ginseng, exhibited recognition improvement effect in mouse model, through its antioxidant status in inhibition ofamyloidogenesis and oxidative stress and enhancement of neuronal functions(965) as well as ameliorated cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and biochemical alterations caused by accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(966).
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(946) http://alternativehealing.org/american_ginseng.htm
(947) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415341
(948) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803872
(949) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24891873
(950) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985167
(951) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998708
(952) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038929
(953) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541491
(954) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180962
(955) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213250
(956) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
(957) https://nwpf.org/stay-informed/news/2005/06/ginseng-compounds-may-fight-huntington%E2%80%99s-disease,-parkinson%E2%80%99s-disease/
(958) http://www.biospace.com/News/ginseng-substances-fight-brain-disease-in-rats/20252020
(959) Plants and phytochemicals for Huntington's disease
(960) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518078
(961) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386001
(962) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21864652
(963) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180962
(964) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13679222
(965) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541491
(966) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
The best recipe for Diabetes: Fennel soup
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Delicious dishes for diabetes by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse publishing. Inc. You can view its website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com
This is adapted from Valentina Harris's Italian Farmhouse book and is wonderfully simple. The ingredients speak for its authenticity. Serve it over wholewheat simple. Serve it over wholewheat or rye toast, stroked with a bruise clove of garlic.
4 large bulbs of fennel- bruised bits removed, halved top to toe, then cut side down, each half finely sliced
3 clove of garlic- finely chopped
2 tbsp flat-leaved parsley- chopped
2 good tbsp olive oil
salt and pepper
1.2 litres/ 2pints/ 5 cups vegetable stock
1. Combine the fennel, garlic, parsley and oil in a large pan with a pinch of salt, and turn over in the oil.
2. Cook gently, turning to avoid burning , for about 1-8 minutes.
3. Add the stock and bring to the boil.
1. Simmer gently until the fennel is completely tender. Check for salt, and season generously with black pepper.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Delicious dishes for diabetes by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse publishing. Inc. You can view its website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com
This is adapted from Valentina Harris's Italian Farmhouse book and is wonderfully simple. The ingredients speak for its authenticity. Serve it over wholewheat simple. Serve it over wholewheat or rye toast, stroked with a bruise clove of garlic.
4 large bulbs of fennel- bruised bits removed, halved top to toe, then cut side down, each half finely sliced
3 clove of garlic- finely chopped
2 tbsp flat-leaved parsley- chopped
2 good tbsp olive oil
salt and pepper
1.2 litres/ 2pints/ 5 cups vegetable stock
1. Combine the fennel, garlic, parsley and oil in a large pan with a pinch of salt, and turn over in the oil.
2. Cook gently, turning to avoid burning , for about 1-8 minutes.
3. Add the stock and bring to the boil.
1. Simmer gently until the fennel is completely tender. Check for salt, and season generously with black pepper.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Thursday 5 February 2015
(First edited)) Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) -Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy
Cervical Stenosis is condition of degeneration of the structures of the spine as a result of aging. Spinal stenosis causes pressure on the spinal cord, leading to the symptoms of myelopathy. Cervical spinal stenosis with myelopathy is a common disease in elderly patients of male gender(2).
A. Symptoms
Symptoms are as of result of neurologic disease which can lead to progressive disability and eventual paralysis if without appropriate treatment, depending to the expression of the exact distribution of the myelopathy in the spinal cord. Most elders with Cervical Stenosis are experience painless symptoms, others may be experience one of more symptom, depending to the location of the compression and dysfunction of spinal cord.
1. Increased knee and ankle reflex may be a first sign of the disease
2. Tightness of gait and numbness of the legs, depending to the expression of the exact distribution of the myelopathy in the spinal cord of the individual patient, such as weakness, difficulty walking, frequent falls, etc.
3. Pins-and-needles (paraesthesia) sensation in the whole body.
4. Muscle weakness or paralysis
5. Deterioration in fine motor skills (such as handwriting or buttoning a shirt)
6. Intermittent shooting pains into the arms and legs (like an electrical shock), especially when bending their head forward (known as Lermitte’s phenomenon)
7. Arm and neck pain as a result of the myelopathy constitute a combination of cord failure at the affected level and of compression and irritation of the cervical nerve roots which leave the neck at this site, such as weakness, stiffness or clumsiness in the hands,
8. Loss of appreciation of temperature, pain and joint sense and often with impairment of bladder and bowel control, as a result of the transverse lesion of the spinal cord effecting modalities of cord transmission with spasticity of gait and increased tendon reflexes, in the later state of (3).
9. Etc.
B. Causes of risk factors
B.1. Causes
Cervical Stenosis with myelopathy may be result of degenerative changes within the spine or bone spurs, due to genetics, and wear and tear of daily living, causing the size of the spinal canal becoming smaller and bone spurs pressing on the spinal cord or the nerve roots. Tumor located between the spinal cord and vertebrae can cause Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy.
B.2. Risk factors
1. Aging and gender
If you are male and over 50 years of age(3a), you are at higher risk to develop Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy.
2. Genetics
Congenital narrowing of the cervical spinal canal may result in cord compression without a history of injury and evidence of significant bony degenerative changes(4).
3. Wear and tear of daily living
Tear and wear, injure cause of scar tissues and weaken the function of disc in absorbing shock(4a), may induce pressure on the spinal cord.
4. Injure(4a)
Injure to the spine can cause scar tissues, leading weaken the spinal tissues, such as thickened ligaments.
5. Etc.
C. Complications
1. Numbness and paresis
Patient with similar cervical spinal cord injury in the past may develop transient numbness and paresis of of the lower limbs(5).
2. Incontinence
Degenerative spinal disease can result in acute or chronic urinary incontinence, depending to gender, BMI, radicular weakness and the type of degenerative disease. Surgical treatment showed to improve or eliminate the symptoms of urinary incontinence in more than half of the patients affected(6).
4. Paralysis
Cervical stenosis can cause increased risk of paralysis(7a), depending on where the spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged by Cervical Stenosis.
5. Chronic pelvic pain and infertility
Cervical stenosis condition often recurs despite intervention. women who encounter ecurrent stenosis are at risk of developing severe complications such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility(7).
6. Etc.
D. Diagnosis
The aim of the diagnosis is to find the causes of the pain. After a complete history and physical exam, the tests your doctor ordered may include
1. X ray
X ray may be the first examination ordered by your doctor to detect the presence of Cervical Stenosis.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the Cervical Stenosis.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the Cervical Stenosis and surrounding areas.
4. Myelogram
Myelogram is an X-ray of your spine taken with a injection of special dye into the spinal column for your doctor to examine the pressure on the spinal cord or problems with discs or vertebrae or tumor between the spinal cord and vertebrae.
5. Etc.
E. Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy Prevention
E.1. The do’s and do not’s list
1. Maintain a healthy weight
Lose weight if you are over weight or obesity, excess weight places more pressure on the spinal column and especially on the intervertebral discs, leading to congenitally narrow canal risk of developing cervical spinal stenosis, according to University of California at Los Angeles.
2. Exercise(8a)
Regular morderate exercise such as aerobics, strength and flexibility exercises, aerobic exercises not only help to slow the rate of age degeneration, but also enhance the general fitness of the whole body, including exercises to strengthen your back, legs and arms as well as keeping your abdomen strong therefore offering more support for your back.
3. Quit smoking
Smoking can increase the risk of free radical attacks of which can cause early aging and aging effects. According to the theory of free radicals “A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls”(8).
4. Eating healthy
Eating healthy can not only reduce the progression of aging(8b) but also the risk of diseases that cause Cervical Stenosis
5. Etc.
E.2. The Diet
Healthy foods maintain a healthy weight, enhance immune system, delay aging can reduce the risk of Cervical Stenosis.
1. Green tea
EGCG, found abundantly in green tea significant enhance longevity-extending effects, through its free radical-scavenging effects and up-regulating effects on stress-resistance-related proteins, including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) in vitro and in vivo, according to Chinese Academy of Science, showed that the survival-enhancing effects of EGCG on C. elegans under stress are very important(9).
2. Avocados
Methanolic (80%) extracts obtained from lyophilized ground peels and seeds of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) of the Hass and Shepard varieties exhibit theirs antioxidant activity in does of 0.16 and 0.47 mmol Trolox/g(10).
3. Skin and seed of grape
Resveratrol found abundantly in grape skins and seeds possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties including anti-inflammatory and immunomulatory, antiaging properties, etc.(11).
4. Organic soy
Isoflavones, a major phytochemical found in soy demonstrated the antioxidant effect against in rats with myocardial infarction (MI), through increased activity of antioxidant enzyme activity and nitrite/nitrate content(12).
5. Turmeric
Curcumin treatment of both 6 and 24 months old rats demonstrated the antioxidative, antilipofusinogenesic and anti-ageing effects of curcumin in the brain, according to the study of Jawaharlal Nehru University(13).
6. Etc.
E.3. Antioxidants to prevent Cervical Stenosis(13)
Antioxidants are proven to be effective to enhance the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals causes of irregular cell growth and the progression of early aging.
1. Bilirubin
Bilirubin, a cellular antioxidant with function in breaking down molecules into smaller units in releasing energy and excreting in bile and urine, when oxidized that inhibits the effects of mutagens.
2. Carotenoids
Carotenoids are organic pigments, occurring in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some bacteria.
a. Beta-carotene
Beta-Carotene, an organic compound and classified as a terpenoid, a strongly-coloured red-orange pigment in plants and fruits.
a.1. Stored in liver for the production of vitamin A has shown to inhibits cancer cell in experiment. Beta-carotene also neutralize singlet oxygen before giving rise of free radicals which can damage of DNA cause of improper cell DNA replication.
a.2. Cell communication
Beta-carotene enhances the communication between cell can reduce the risk of cancer by making cells division more reliable.
a.3. Immune system
Beta-carotene promotes the immune system in identifying the foreign invasion such as virus and bacteria by maintaining optimal function of white cells.
a.4. Polyunsaturated fat
Beta-carotene also inhibits the oxidation of polyunsaturated fat and lipoprotein in the blood that reduce the risk of plaques building up onto the arterial walls cause of heart diseases and stroke.
a.5. There are more benefits of beta-carotene.
b. Alpha-carotene
Alpha-carotene, one of the most abundant carotenoids in the North American diet, not only protects cells from the damaging effects of free radicals and enhances the immune system in fighting against bacteria and virus invasion, but also stimulates the communication between cells thus preventing irregular cell growth cause of cancers.
c. Beta-cryptoxanthin
Beta cryptoxanthin, an antioxidant, beside preventing free radical damage to cells, it also stimulates the repair of oxidative damage to DNA and enhances the immune function infighting against inflammatory cause of polyarthritis, and irregular cell growth.
d. Lutein
Lutein found in greens like kale and spinach and yolk of eggs, reduces risk of age related macular degeneration, an eye condition.
Lutein deficiency may induce a cellular antioxidant related macular degeneration, leading blindness.
e. Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin, a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature, showed to lower the risk oxidative stress cause of incidence of age-related macular degeneration.
f. Lycopene
Lycopene, one of the most powerful antioxidants in the carotenoid group found in tomatoes, watermelons, and grapefruits, consists many anti-aging capabilities.
3. Flavonoids
Flavonoids, the yellow pigments having a structure similar to that of flavones occurred in varies plants, process a property as antioxidants. it helps to neutralize many of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.
a. Quercetin
Quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains reduces the risks of free radical causes of damage cell membranes, mutation of cells with tampering DNA, through its consists anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties.
b. Rutin
Rutin, a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat and glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin, inhibits platelet aggregation, decreases the capillary permeability and reduce the risk of free radicals induced cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
c. Catechin
Catechin is a natural phenol antioxidant plant and natural anti-bacterial substance exhibits it free radical scavenging power in inhibition of ROS production.
d. Etc.
F. Treatments
F.1. In conventional Medicine perspective
I. Non surgical treatments
1.1. Wait and watch
Wait and watch may be necessary if patients are experience no symptom and abnormalities to prevent diagnosis with the diseases some time in the future.
1.2. Medication
Certain medication such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral steroids, or injected steroids such as epidural steroid injections and nerve root injections may be helpful in relieving pain and alleviating symptoms temporary of the patients with no intention to correct any abnormalities or misalignment.
1.3. Physical therapy or exercise
Physical exercise such as stretching may be helpful to restore the flexibility of tight muscles
as well as enhancing the neck mobility, muscular strength and spinal balance. Other exercise, including Cardiovascular exercises for arms and legs also for promotion of blood circulation.
1.4. Etc.
2. Surgical treatments
Surgical treatments may be necessary if patients are experience the symptoms of increasing weakness, pain or inability to walk, etc. depending to differentiation
2.1. Anterior Surgery
Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
The aim of the surgery is to relieve pressure from the spinal cord and compression of the spinal. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is the operation done from the front of the neck to remove the disc above and below the vertebra and replace it with a small plug of bone. If more than one level of the spine is involved. Cervical Spinal Fusion may be necessary by implanting a bone graft between cervical segments to support the spine as to compensate for the removal of bone and discs.
2.2. Posterior surgery
a. Laminectomy and Fusion
The aim of the surgery is also to relieve the pressure and to create more space for the nerves. In Laminectomy and Fusion, the lamina is removed and two or more vertebral segments of the cervical spine are fused together.
b. Laminoplasty
In case of Laminoplasty, only a small section of the bony roof of the spine, the lamina, is removed instead of removal of the lamina to expand the spinal canal with an aim to create a space for the the spinal cord.
2.3. Etc.
F.2. In herbal medicine perspective
The aim of herbal medicine is to relieve symptoms of Cervical Stenosis
1. Cayenne
Cayenne used in traditional medicine to increases metabolism, enhance circulatory system and stomach and the intestinal tract, adjust blood pressure, lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, treat frostbite, muscles, arthritis, rheumatism, low back pain, strains, sprains, bruises and neuralgia, etc., also known as Cayenne Pepper, is a red, hot chili pepper, belonging to Capsicum annuum, the family Solanaceae, native to sub-tropical and tropical regions.
According to the 1Provincal Medical Centre in Ontario, in a randomized controlled trials, examining adults (over 18 years of age) suffering from acute, sub-acute or chronic non-specific low-back pain, cayenne showed to inhibit pain and improve quality of life for patients with chronic low-back pain(a)
2. Valerian
Valerian, used as a sedative and relaxing agent and to treat the liver, the urinary tract, the digestive tract problem, nerve conditions, etc.is a perennial flowering plant, in the genus Valeriana, belonging to the family Valerianaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia.
Essential oil (VPAEO) from Valerian on experimental models showed to exerted its peripheral analgesic effects via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis(b).
3. Etc.
F.3. In Traditional Chinese medicine perspective1. Compound Qishe Tablets, Jingfukang, Extractum Nucis Vomicae, etc.
According to to randomized controlled trials with adults with a clinical diagnosis of cervical degenerative disc disease, cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy supported by appropriate radiological findings.
1. Compound Qishe Tablets showed to relieve pain better in the short-term than either placebo or Jingfukang.
2. Oral herbal formula of Huangqi ((Radix Astragali)18 g, Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) 9 g, Sanqi (Radix Notoginseng) 9 g, Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)12 g, Lujiao (Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum) 12 g, and Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae)12 g) relieved pain better than Mobicox or Methycobal
3. Compound Extractum Nucis Vomicae, relieved pain better than Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel.(14)
2. Acupuncture
According to the study of Neurochirurgischen Abteilung des Landeskrankenhauses Feldkirch, the treatment of chronic spinal pain is dominated by non-operative procedures. Acupuncture does not only serve as treatment option for pain relief, but also and even more so has an harmonizing effect upon physical and psychological disturbances(15).
3. Etc.
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy by Kyle J. Norton
References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426774
(3) http://www.saspine.org/conditions/cervical_spinal_stenosis_myelopathy.htm
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333104
(3b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870121
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC492191/
(4a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wear+and+tear+Cervical+Stenosis+with+Myelopathy
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985781
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21375969
(7a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15658120
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711046
(8) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-theories-of-aging.html
(8a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24139010
(8b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16470005
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19061950
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494370
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623511
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22808939
(13) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-common-free-radical.html
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16625605
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046983
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202897
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091597
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11075429
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By Kyle J. Norton
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Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy
Cervical Stenosis is condition of degeneration of the structures of the spine as a result of aging. Spinal stenosis causes pressure on the spinal cord, leading to the symptoms of myelopathy. Cervical spinal stenosis with myelopathy is a common disease in elderly patients of male gender(2).
A. Symptoms
Symptoms are as of result of neurologic disease which can lead to progressive disability and eventual paralysis if without appropriate treatment, depending to the expression of the exact distribution of the myelopathy in the spinal cord. Most elders with Cervical Stenosis are experience painless symptoms, others may be experience one of more symptom, depending to the location of the compression and dysfunction of spinal cord.
1. Increased knee and ankle reflex may be a first sign of the disease
2. Tightness of gait and numbness of the legs, depending to the expression of the exact distribution of the myelopathy in the spinal cord of the individual patient, such as weakness, difficulty walking, frequent falls, etc.
3. Pins-and-needles (paraesthesia) sensation in the whole body.
4. Muscle weakness or paralysis
5. Deterioration in fine motor skills (such as handwriting or buttoning a shirt)
6. Intermittent shooting pains into the arms and legs (like an electrical shock), especially when bending their head forward (known as Lermitte’s phenomenon)
7. Arm and neck pain as a result of the myelopathy constitute a combination of cord failure at the affected level and of compression and irritation of the cervical nerve roots which leave the neck at this site, such as weakness, stiffness or clumsiness in the hands,
8. Loss of appreciation of temperature, pain and joint sense and often with impairment of bladder and bowel control, as a result of the transverse lesion of the spinal cord effecting modalities of cord transmission with spasticity of gait and increased tendon reflexes, in the later state of (3).
9. Etc.
B. Causes of risk factors
B.1. Causes
Cervical Stenosis with myelopathy may be result of degenerative changes within the spine or bone spurs, due to genetics, and wear and tear of daily living, causing the size of the spinal canal becoming smaller and bone spurs pressing on the spinal cord or the nerve roots. Tumor located between the spinal cord and vertebrae can cause Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy.
B.2. Risk factors
1. Aging and gender
If you are male and over 50 years of age(3a), you are at higher risk to develop Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy.
2. Genetics
Congenital narrowing of the cervical spinal canal may result in cord compression without a history of injury and evidence of significant bony degenerative changes(4).
3. Wear and tear of daily living
Tear and wear, injure cause of scar tissues and weaken the function of disc in absorbing shock(4a), may induce pressure on the spinal cord.
4. Injure(4a)
Injure to the spine can cause scar tissues, leading weaken the spinal tissues, such as thickened ligaments.
5. Etc.
C. Complications
1. Numbness and paresis
Patient with similar cervical spinal cord injury in the past may develop transient numbness and paresis of of the lower limbs(5).
2. Incontinence
Degenerative spinal disease can result in acute or chronic urinary incontinence, depending to gender, BMI, radicular weakness and the type of degenerative disease. Surgical treatment showed to improve or eliminate the symptoms of urinary incontinence in more than half of the patients affected(6).
4. Paralysis
Cervical stenosis can cause increased risk of paralysis(7a), depending on where the spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged by Cervical Stenosis.
5. Chronic pelvic pain and infertility
Cervical stenosis condition often recurs despite intervention. women who encounter ecurrent stenosis are at risk of developing severe complications such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility(7).
6. Etc.
D. Diagnosis
The aim of the diagnosis is to find the causes of the pain. After a complete history and physical exam, the tests your doctor ordered may include
1. X ray
X ray may be the first examination ordered by your doctor to detect the presence of Cervical Stenosis.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the Cervical Stenosis.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the Cervical Stenosis and surrounding areas.
4. Myelogram
Myelogram is an X-ray of your spine taken with a injection of special dye into the spinal column for your doctor to examine the pressure on the spinal cord or problems with discs or vertebrae or tumor between the spinal cord and vertebrae.
5. Etc.
E. Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy Prevention
E.1. The do’s and do not’s list
1. Maintain a healthy weight
Lose weight if you are over weight or obesity, excess weight places more pressure on the spinal column and especially on the intervertebral discs, leading to congenitally narrow canal risk of developing cervical spinal stenosis, according to University of California at Los Angeles.
2. Exercise(8a)
Regular morderate exercise such as aerobics, strength and flexibility exercises, aerobic exercises not only help to slow the rate of age degeneration, but also enhance the general fitness of the whole body, including exercises to strengthen your back, legs and arms as well as keeping your abdomen strong therefore offering more support for your back.
3. Quit smoking
Smoking can increase the risk of free radical attacks of which can cause early aging and aging effects. According to the theory of free radicals “A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls”(8).
4. Eating healthy
Eating healthy can not only reduce the progression of aging(8b) but also the risk of diseases that cause Cervical Stenosis
5. Etc.
E.2. The Diet
Healthy foods maintain a healthy weight, enhance immune system, delay aging can reduce the risk of Cervical Stenosis.
1. Green tea
EGCG, found abundantly in green tea significant enhance longevity-extending effects, through its free radical-scavenging effects and up-regulating effects on stress-resistance-related proteins, including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) in vitro and in vivo, according to Chinese Academy of Science, showed that the survival-enhancing effects of EGCG on C. elegans under stress are very important(9).
2. Avocados
Methanolic (80%) extracts obtained from lyophilized ground peels and seeds of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) of the Hass and Shepard varieties exhibit theirs antioxidant activity in does of 0.16 and 0.47 mmol Trolox/g(10).
3. Skin and seed of grape
Resveratrol found abundantly in grape skins and seeds possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties including anti-inflammatory and immunomulatory, antiaging properties, etc.(11).
4. Organic soy
Isoflavones, a major phytochemical found in soy demonstrated the antioxidant effect against in rats with myocardial infarction (MI), through increased activity of antioxidant enzyme activity and nitrite/nitrate content(12).
5. Turmeric
Curcumin treatment of both 6 and 24 months old rats demonstrated the antioxidative, antilipofusinogenesic and anti-ageing effects of curcumin in the brain, according to the study of Jawaharlal Nehru University(13).
6. Etc.
E.3. Antioxidants to prevent Cervical Stenosis(13)
Antioxidants are proven to be effective to enhance the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals causes of irregular cell growth and the progression of early aging.
1. Bilirubin
Bilirubin, a cellular antioxidant with function in breaking down molecules into smaller units in releasing energy and excreting in bile and urine, when oxidized that inhibits the effects of mutagens.
2. Carotenoids
Carotenoids are organic pigments, occurring in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some bacteria.
a. Beta-carotene
Beta-Carotene, an organic compound and classified as a terpenoid, a strongly-coloured red-orange pigment in plants and fruits.
a.1. Stored in liver for the production of vitamin A has shown to inhibits cancer cell in experiment. Beta-carotene also neutralize singlet oxygen before giving rise of free radicals which can damage of DNA cause of improper cell DNA replication.
a.2. Cell communication
Beta-carotene enhances the communication between cell can reduce the risk of cancer by making cells division more reliable.
a.3. Immune system
Beta-carotene promotes the immune system in identifying the foreign invasion such as virus and bacteria by maintaining optimal function of white cells.
a.4. Polyunsaturated fat
Beta-carotene also inhibits the oxidation of polyunsaturated fat and lipoprotein in the blood that reduce the risk of plaques building up onto the arterial walls cause of heart diseases and stroke.
a.5. There are more benefits of beta-carotene.
b. Alpha-carotene
Alpha-carotene, one of the most abundant carotenoids in the North American diet, not only protects cells from the damaging effects of free radicals and enhances the immune system in fighting against bacteria and virus invasion, but also stimulates the communication between cells thus preventing irregular cell growth cause of cancers.
c. Beta-cryptoxanthin
Beta cryptoxanthin, an antioxidant, beside preventing free radical damage to cells, it also stimulates the repair of oxidative damage to DNA and enhances the immune function infighting against inflammatory cause of polyarthritis, and irregular cell growth.
d. Lutein
Lutein found in greens like kale and spinach and yolk of eggs, reduces risk of age related macular degeneration, an eye condition.
Lutein deficiency may induce a cellular antioxidant related macular degeneration, leading blindness.
e. Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin, a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature, showed to lower the risk oxidative stress cause of incidence of age-related macular degeneration.
f. Lycopene
Lycopene, one of the most powerful antioxidants in the carotenoid group found in tomatoes, watermelons, and grapefruits, consists many anti-aging capabilities.
3. Flavonoids
Flavonoids, the yellow pigments having a structure similar to that of flavones occurred in varies plants, process a property as antioxidants. it helps to neutralize many of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.
a. Quercetin
Quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains reduces the risks of free radical causes of damage cell membranes, mutation of cells with tampering DNA, through its consists anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties.
b. Rutin
Rutin, a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat and glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin, inhibits platelet aggregation, decreases the capillary permeability and reduce the risk of free radicals induced cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL cholesterol.
c. Catechin
Catechin is a natural phenol antioxidant plant and natural anti-bacterial substance exhibits it free radical scavenging power in inhibition of ROS production.
d. Etc.
F. Treatments
F.1. In conventional Medicine perspective
I. Non surgical treatments
1.1. Wait and watch
Wait and watch may be necessary if patients are experience no symptom and abnormalities to prevent diagnosis with the diseases some time in the future.
1.2. Medication
Certain medication such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral steroids, or injected steroids such as epidural steroid injections and nerve root injections may be helpful in relieving pain and alleviating symptoms temporary of the patients with no intention to correct any abnormalities or misalignment.
1.3. Physical therapy or exercise
Physical exercise such as stretching may be helpful to restore the flexibility of tight muscles
as well as enhancing the neck mobility, muscular strength and spinal balance. Other exercise, including Cardiovascular exercises for arms and legs also for promotion of blood circulation.
1.4. Etc.
2. Surgical treatments
Surgical treatments may be necessary if patients are experience the symptoms of increasing weakness, pain or inability to walk, etc. depending to differentiation
2.1. Anterior Surgery
Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
The aim of the surgery is to relieve pressure from the spinal cord and compression of the spinal. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is the operation done from the front of the neck to remove the disc above and below the vertebra and replace it with a small plug of bone. If more than one level of the spine is involved. Cervical Spinal Fusion may be necessary by implanting a bone graft between cervical segments to support the spine as to compensate for the removal of bone and discs.
2.2. Posterior surgery
a. Laminectomy and Fusion
The aim of the surgery is also to relieve the pressure and to create more space for the nerves. In Laminectomy and Fusion, the lamina is removed and two or more vertebral segments of the cervical spine are fused together.
b. Laminoplasty
In case of Laminoplasty, only a small section of the bony roof of the spine, the lamina, is removed instead of removal of the lamina to expand the spinal canal with an aim to create a space for the the spinal cord.
2.3. Etc.
F.2. In herbal medicine perspective
The aim of herbal medicine is to relieve symptoms of Cervical Stenosis
1. Cayenne
Cayenne used in traditional medicine to increases metabolism, enhance circulatory system and stomach and the intestinal tract, adjust blood pressure, lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, treat frostbite, muscles, arthritis, rheumatism, low back pain, strains, sprains, bruises and neuralgia, etc., also known as Cayenne Pepper, is a red, hot chili pepper, belonging to Capsicum annuum, the family Solanaceae, native to sub-tropical and tropical regions.
According to the 1Provincal Medical Centre in Ontario, in a randomized controlled trials, examining adults (over 18 years of age) suffering from acute, sub-acute or chronic non-specific low-back pain, cayenne showed to inhibit pain and improve quality of life for patients with chronic low-back pain(a)
2. Valerian
Valerian, used as a sedative and relaxing agent and to treat the liver, the urinary tract, the digestive tract problem, nerve conditions, etc.is a perennial flowering plant, in the genus Valeriana, belonging to the family Valerianaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia.
Essential oil (VPAEO) from Valerian on experimental models showed to exerted its peripheral analgesic effects via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis(b).
3. Etc.
F.3. In Traditional Chinese medicine perspective1. Compound Qishe Tablets, Jingfukang, Extractum Nucis Vomicae, etc.
According to to randomized controlled trials with adults with a clinical diagnosis of cervical degenerative disc disease, cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy supported by appropriate radiological findings.
1. Compound Qishe Tablets showed to relieve pain better in the short-term than either placebo or Jingfukang.
2. Oral herbal formula of Huangqi ((Radix Astragali)18 g, Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) 9 g, Sanqi (Radix Notoginseng) 9 g, Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)12 g, Lujiao (Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum) 12 g, and Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae)12 g) relieved pain better than Mobicox or Methycobal
3. Compound Extractum Nucis Vomicae, relieved pain better than Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel.(14)
2. Acupuncture
According to the study of Neurochirurgischen Abteilung des Landeskrankenhauses Feldkirch, the treatment of chronic spinal pain is dominated by non-operative procedures. Acupuncture does not only serve as treatment option for pain relief, but also and even more so has an harmonizing effect upon physical and psychological disturbances(15).
3. Etc.
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Cervical Stenosis with Myelopathy by Kyle J. Norton
References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426774
(3) http://www.saspine.org/conditions/cervical_spinal_stenosis_myelopathy.htm
(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333104
(3b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870121
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC492191/
(4a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wear+and+tear+Cervical+Stenosis+with+Myelopathy
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985781
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21375969
(7a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15658120
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711046
(8) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-theories-of-aging.html
(8a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24139010
(8b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16470005
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19061950
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494370
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623511
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22808939
(13) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-common-free-radical.html
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16625605
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046983
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202897
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091597
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11075429
The best recipe for Diabetes: A simple sauce
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Delicious dishes for diabetes by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse publishing. Inc. You can view its website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com
For white fish- grilled or roasted. you could try adding some finely chopped mint leaves and a little very finely sliced garlic
4 tbsp/ 80 ml/ 3 fl oz olive oil
juice of a lemon
salt and pepper
Whisk all the ingredients together
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipe contributed by Delicious dishes for diabetes by Robin Ellis, Published by Skyhorse publishing. Inc. You can view its website at www.skyhorsepublishing.com
For white fish- grilled or roasted. you could try adding some finely chopped mint leaves and a little very finely sliced garlic
4 tbsp/ 80 ml/ 3 fl oz olive oil
juice of a lemon
salt and pepper
Whisk all the ingredients together
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 1000 healthy recipes, visit http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Wednesday 4 February 2015
(4th edited )Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Ren shen (Ginseng) treatments of Dementia Caused by Heart Qi Deficiency
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (810)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
C.2.2. Heart (Yang) Qi deficiency
Heart Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the heart in transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain through blood circulation. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissue and behavior patterns(843)(842).
Herbal medicine for Heart Qi deficiency 2. Ren shen (Ginseng)
Ren Shen is a smells aromatic, tastes sweet and slightly warm herbs, also known as Gingshen, used in TCM as improved immune system(868)(869), Anti Cancer(870)(871), Anti aging(872)(873), Anti stress(874)(875), anti Erectile dysfunction(876)(877), etc. agent and to generates fluids and reduce thirst and symptoms of diabetes(878)(879), for xinqixu (heart qi deficient) related coronary heart disease (CHD)(880)(881), anxiety(882)(883), insomnia(884)(885), depression(886)(887), neurodegenertive disorders(888)(889)(890), bleeding in the vagina not during period(891), seizures(892)(893), chronic fatigue(894)(895), etc. as it strongly tonifies Original Qi, the Spleen and the Lungs, promotes generation of Body Fluids, calms thirst and the Mind,(896) etc. by enhancing the functions of spleen and lung channels(897).
Ingredients
1. Saponins
2. Panaxynol
3. Ginsenyne
4. Alpha pansinsene
5. Beta pansinsene
6. Beta farnesene
7. Bicyclogermacrene
8. Beta elemene
9. Gama elemene
10. Alpha neodovene
11. Beta neodovene
12. Alpha humulene
13. Beta humulene
14. Ccaryophyllene
15. Beta gurjunene
16. Alpha gurjunene
17. Alpha selinene
18. Beta selinene
19. Gama selinene
20. Selin-4, alpha guaiene
21. Gama cubebene
22. Beta patchoulene
23. Hepatadecanol-1
24. Etc.
Herbal ren shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(898) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(899)(900) and related cognitive deficits(901). In aging related dementia, based on the history of use, and pharmacological investigation, ren shen showed a strong evidence in cognitive improvement, through cholinesterase inhibitory activity and cholinergic function(902). According to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, combination extract of Renshen (Panax Ginseng), Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii Brevicornus), Yuanzhi (Radix Palygalae) and Jianghuang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) (GEPT) exhibited neuroprotecting mechanism in preventing and treating of AD(903).
2.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. The disease destroys brain cells involved inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress(904), causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe(904) enough to affect language communication(905), memory(906), lifelong hobbies or social life(907).
Ginseng extracts, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients showed significantly in attenuated amyloid plaque deposition as well as short- and long-term memory impairment. through its phytochemical gintonin effect via the mediation in promotion of non-amyloidogenic processing(908). In amyloid β peptide induced AD cell model, ginsenoside Rg1, the main chemical constituent of ginseng, improved the memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), through suppressing the signaling transduction pathways and decreasing the inflammation factors(909)(910); increasing cell viability, reducing oxidative damage (including apoptosis), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential(911). According to the join 17-months old male APP/PS1 mice study by University of Michigan and Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, total saponin in leaves of Panax notoginseng (LPNS) attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death in brain cells through activation of Nrf2 (nuclear translocation) and upregulation of downstream antioxidant systems(912).
Unfortunately, according to the review over 20 databases from the inception to January 2009 and included all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, the use of ginseng for treatments of Alzheimer's disease is scarce and inconclusive(913).
2.2. In Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases
Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system, affecting movement of muscles(917)(918), speech(919), poster, balance, auto functioning(920), etc. The disease's symptoms worsen over time. According to a multicenter study, phosphorylated forms, pS129 is associated to the severity and progression of Parkinson diseases(914). NFE2L2 gene, an important regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative stress, if defects can contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease(915)(916). In the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Ginsenoside Rb, effectively inhibited or reversed the aggregation process may represent a viable therapeutic strategy against PD and related disorders, through anti-amyloidogenic and antineurotoxical effects(921). Its water extract in induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, also exhibited significant protective effects possibly through the suppression of ROS generation(922). According to Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, use of ginseng and other herbs, such as eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, etc., in a complex therapy for Parkinson's disease, may be due to theirs normalized immune, antioxidant, and hormonal parameters(923).
In Huntington's disease, Ginsenosides, the main chemical constituents of ginseng, showed to exert its neuroprotective effect against neurons from glutamate-induced apoptosis in vitro(924).
2.3. In cognitive impairment
Klotho Gene Deficiency has been found to associated to oxidative stress related cognitive impairment(925). In aging mice model, ginseng exhibited anti oxidative stress in ameliorated lipid peroxidation and restores antioxidant capacity(926), and reduced accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(927) may be a potential treatment of herbal medicine for cognitive impairment(927). Ginsenoside Rb1, a major chemical constituent found in ginseng, showed to inhibit cognitive impairment caused by diabetes, through GSK3β, a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress due to physiological and pathological insults, in high glucose-treated hippocampal neurons(928).
2.4. In neuroprotective effects
In high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, Ginsenoside Rb1 exerted a wide variety of neuroprotective effects by inhibiting CHOP signaling pathway involved in apoptosis signal in ER stress- and CHOP-mediated apoptosis(940), oxidative stress(926), mitochondrial dysfunction(929)(941) and neuroinflammation(941). According to University Complutense of Madrid, Ginseng and its major constituents as potential neuroprotective agents against progression of Parkinson's disease(943), may be due to its effectiveness in inhibition of oxidative stress(926) and neuroinflammation(941), decrease of toxins-induced apoptosis(944) and regulation of channels and receptors activity(945)(942).
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(868) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15035888
(869) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635912
(870) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625815
(871) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277659
(872) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24979747
(873) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23548988
(874) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14737017
(875) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15215639
(876) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25442300
(877) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24824453
(878) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147499
(879) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277974
(880) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960983
(881) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18198636
(882) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12435210
(883) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17089329
(884) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25063041
(885) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20804838
(886) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273053
(887) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19632285
(888) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349145
(889) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316034
(890) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717136
(891) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6834589
(892) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15660764
(893) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16782310
(894) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301896
(895) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25032018
(896) http://www.tcmassistant.com/herbs/ren-shen.html
(897) http://alternativehealing.org/ren_shen.htm
(898) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083315
(899) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24854439
(900) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16511867
(901) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503167
(902) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717087
(903) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23789219
(904) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19519302
(905) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8485510
(906) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632113
(907) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568286
(908) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22543851
(909) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340298
(910) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214447
(911) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975829
(912) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916704
(913) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19584437
(914) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25637461
(915) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496089
(916) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20196834
(917) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25467144
(918) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933489
(919) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627959
(920) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573070
(921) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25449909
(922) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21349320
(923) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165417
(924) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19185022
(925) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23084645
(926) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25550330
(927) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
(928) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535619
(929) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223941
(940) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535619
(941) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132508
(942) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349145
(943) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316034
(944) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14637121
(945) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678300
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (810)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
C.2.2. Heart (Yang) Qi deficiency
Heart Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the heart in transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain through blood circulation. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissue and behavior patterns(843)(842).
Herbal medicine for Heart Qi deficiency 2. Ren shen (Ginseng)
Ren Shen is a smells aromatic, tastes sweet and slightly warm herbs, also known as Gingshen, used in TCM as improved immune system(868)(869), Anti Cancer(870)(871), Anti aging(872)(873), Anti stress(874)(875), anti Erectile dysfunction(876)(877), etc. agent and to generates fluids and reduce thirst and symptoms of diabetes(878)(879), for xinqixu (heart qi deficient) related coronary heart disease (CHD)(880)(881), anxiety(882)(883), insomnia(884)(885), depression(886)(887), neurodegenertive disorders(888)(889)(890), bleeding in the vagina not during period(891), seizures(892)(893), chronic fatigue(894)(895), etc. as it strongly tonifies Original Qi, the Spleen and the Lungs, promotes generation of Body Fluids, calms thirst and the Mind,(896) etc. by enhancing the functions of spleen and lung channels(897).
Ingredients
1. Saponins
2. Panaxynol
3. Ginsenyne
4. Alpha pansinsene
5. Beta pansinsene
6. Beta farnesene
7. Bicyclogermacrene
8. Beta elemene
9. Gama elemene
10. Alpha neodovene
11. Beta neodovene
12. Alpha humulene
13. Beta humulene
14. Ccaryophyllene
15. Beta gurjunene
16. Alpha gurjunene
17. Alpha selinene
18. Beta selinene
19. Gama selinene
20. Selin-4, alpha guaiene
21. Gama cubebene
22. Beta patchoulene
23. Hepatadecanol-1
24. Etc.
Herbal ren shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(898) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(899)(900) and related cognitive deficits(901). In aging related dementia, based on the history of use, and pharmacological investigation, ren shen showed a strong evidence in cognitive improvement, through cholinesterase inhibitory activity and cholinergic function(902). According to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, combination extract of Renshen (Panax Ginseng), Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii Brevicornus), Yuanzhi (Radix Palygalae) and Jianghuang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) (GEPT) exhibited neuroprotecting mechanism in preventing and treating of AD(903).
2.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. The disease destroys brain cells involved inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress(904), causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe(904) enough to affect language communication(905), memory(906), lifelong hobbies or social life(907).
Ginseng extracts, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients showed significantly in attenuated amyloid plaque deposition as well as short- and long-term memory impairment. through its phytochemical gintonin effect via the mediation in promotion of non-amyloidogenic processing(908). In amyloid β peptide induced AD cell model, ginsenoside Rg1, the main chemical constituent of ginseng, improved the memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), through suppressing the signaling transduction pathways and decreasing the inflammation factors(909)(910); increasing cell viability, reducing oxidative damage (including apoptosis), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential(911). According to the join 17-months old male APP/PS1 mice study by University of Michigan and Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, total saponin in leaves of Panax notoginseng (LPNS) attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death in brain cells through activation of Nrf2 (nuclear translocation) and upregulation of downstream antioxidant systems(912).
Unfortunately, according to the review over 20 databases from the inception to January 2009 and included all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, the use of ginseng for treatments of Alzheimer's disease is scarce and inconclusive(913).
2.2. In Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases
Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system, affecting movement of muscles(917)(918), speech(919), poster, balance, auto functioning(920), etc. The disease's symptoms worsen over time. According to a multicenter study, phosphorylated forms, pS129 is associated to the severity and progression of Parkinson diseases(914). NFE2L2 gene, an important regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative stress, if defects can contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease(915)(916). In the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Ginsenoside Rb, effectively inhibited or reversed the aggregation process may represent a viable therapeutic strategy against PD and related disorders, through anti-amyloidogenic and antineurotoxical effects(921). Its water extract in induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, also exhibited significant protective effects possibly through the suppression of ROS generation(922). According to Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, use of ginseng and other herbs, such as eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, etc., in a complex therapy for Parkinson's disease, may be due to theirs normalized immune, antioxidant, and hormonal parameters(923).
In Huntington's disease, Ginsenosides, the main chemical constituents of ginseng, showed to exert its neuroprotective effect against neurons from glutamate-induced apoptosis in vitro(924).
2.3. In cognitive impairment
Klotho Gene Deficiency has been found to associated to oxidative stress related cognitive impairment(925). In aging mice model, ginseng exhibited anti oxidative stress in ameliorated lipid peroxidation and restores antioxidant capacity(926), and reduced accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(927) may be a potential treatment of herbal medicine for cognitive impairment(927). Ginsenoside Rb1, a major chemical constituent found in ginseng, showed to inhibit cognitive impairment caused by diabetes, through GSK3β, a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress due to physiological and pathological insults, in high glucose-treated hippocampal neurons(928).
2.4. In neuroprotective effects
In high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, Ginsenoside Rb1 exerted a wide variety of neuroprotective effects by inhibiting CHOP signaling pathway involved in apoptosis signal in ER stress- and CHOP-mediated apoptosis(940), oxidative stress(926), mitochondrial dysfunction(929)(941) and neuroinflammation(941). According to University Complutense of Madrid, Ginseng and its major constituents as potential neuroprotective agents against progression of Parkinson's disease(943), may be due to its effectiveness in inhibition of oxidative stress(926) and neuroinflammation(941), decrease of toxins-induced apoptosis(944) and regulation of channels and receptors activity(945)(942).
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(868) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15035888
(869) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635912
(870) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625815
(871) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277659
(872) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24979747
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(896) http://www.tcmassistant.com/herbs/ren-shen.html
(897) http://alternativehealing.org/ren_shen.htm
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(899) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24854439
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(915) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496089
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(944) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14637121
(945) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678300
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