Epidemiological studies do not agree that regular coffee consumption may be associated with improved cognitive function, a joint study led by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais suggested.
Cognitive function is a cerebral activity in acquired knowledge, including all means and mechanisms of acquiring information.
Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage worldwide, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast beans from the coffee plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In a cohort of 14,563 public service workers (35-74 years old) to examine coffee consumption habits and cognitive function using a standardized neuropsychological test, researchers at the above institutes filed the following results
1. Elderly drinking 2-3 cups/day, showed a significant improvement in the mean words remembered on learning, recall, and word recognition in comparison to never/almost never groups.
2. And those drinking more than 3 cups a day exhibited increased mean words pronounced, according to the semantic verbal fluency test in comparison to the same groups.
Dr. Araújo LF, the lead author said, "Coffee consumption might be slightly beneficial to memory in the elderly but lacks a dose-response relationship".
Furthermore, in 2,914 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age: 59.3±7.2 years, 55% females) to assess coffee consumption, performed brain MRI, and cognition at baseline, researchers found that
1. Higher coffee consumption showed a lower prevalence of lacunar infarcts [odds ratio per cup increase: 0.88 (95% CI:0.79;0.98)]involved development of stroke, and smaller hippocampal volume in the expression of memory ability.
2. Coffee consumption promoted better performance on the Letter Digit Substitution Task
3. But do not improve on the 15-Word Learning test delayed recall.
Dr. Araújo LF, again said, "...(there is a) complex associations between coffee consumption, brain structure, and cognition. Higher coffee consumption was cross-sectionally associated with a lower occurrence of lacunar infarcts and better executive function.
Interestingly, according to the study of coffee consumption and other baseline variables of 2606 middle-aged Finnish twins assessed in 1975 and 1981 by postal questionnaires, after the median follow-up of 28 y, coffee consumption was not an independent predictor of cognitive performance in old age, according to the linear regression analysis.
The study also insisted that coffee drinking did not affect the risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, but expressed an inconsistent cognitive score.
Taken together, coffee and coffee caffeine can only improve the performance of some cognitive functions but not as a whole, particularly in the older population.
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Sources
(1) Inconsistency of Association between Coffee Consumption and Cognitive Function in Adults and Elderly in a Cross-Sectional Study (ELSA-Brasil) by Araújo LF1, Giatti L2, Reis RC3, Goulart AC4, Schmidt MI5, Duncan BB6, Ikram MA7, Barreto SM8.(PubMed)
(2) Association of Coffee Consumption with MRI Markers and Cognitive Function: A Population-Based Study by Araújo LF1,2, Mirza SS2, Bos D2,3, Niessen WJ3,4, Barreto SM1, van der Lugt A3, Vernooij MW2,3, Hofman A2, Tiemeier H2,5,6, Ikram MA2,3,(PubMed)
(3) Coffee drinking in middle age is not associated with cognitive performance in old age by Laitala VS1, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Räihä I, Rinne JO, Silventoinen K.(PubMed)