#CommonPeas Stimulate Immunomodulating Expression Associated with Injury and Infection, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Intake of common (dried) peas daily and regularly may have a potential effect in enhanced immunomodulating activity, scientists at some renowned institute studies suggested.

The dried pea is a small but nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, genus Pisum belongings to the family Fabaceae with a healthy source of proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals.

Immunomodulation is an action with a profound and positive effect on regulated immune response and function through the activation of antibody formation or the inhibition of white blood cell activity.

In the evaluation of 173 LAB strains, including the strain NTM048 isolated from green peas having the ability to induce IgA production using murine Peyer's patch cells, researchers at the Ishikawa Prefectural University, after taking account of other confounders suggested that

1. Strain NTM048 isolated from green peas demonstrated a higher immunomodulating activity in compared to other straits.
2. The green pea strait also is well tolerated in gastrointestinal digestion and produces large amounts of exopolysaccharides, high-molecular-weight polymers that have been used in conventional medicine for the prospect of anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunomodulation, anticancer and as flocculants.
3. Application of the strait also induced a significant increase in the fecal IgA content and plasma IgA levels in response to the immunogen of BALB/cA mice

Further analysis of the function of the strait isolated from green pea, researchers emphasized that the strait has a significant impact in stimulating immunomodulating activities through regulating the transforming growth factor-β in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines which play an important role in the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.

The action of the strait in the activation of immunomodulating activity was also attributed to stimulating Peyer's patch cells which are aggregated in lymphoid nodules, and formed an important part of the immune system.

The information findings prompted Dr. Matsuzaki C, the lead author to suggest, "Strain NTM048 stimulates Peyer's patch cells to induce an intestinal and systemic immune response, revealing the potential of NTM048 as a probiotic for enhancing the mucosal barrier function".


The collective information of NTM048 as a probiotic may be helpful to reduce symptoms and treatments of people with digestive disorders by including portions of green peas or dried peas in their daily diet.


Additionally, in another field of study, researchers at the University of Ottawa launched an investigation of the immunomodulating activity of enzymatic protein hydrolysates of yellow peas using in a murine model indicating that

1. Oral administration of Pea protein hydrolysate, after a 12 h pre-treatment, showed significant inhibition of free radical NO production by activating increased mobile white blood cells by 20%.


The reduction of ROS may be a result of overexpression of antioxidant production in stimulated immunomodulating effect to protect against localized tissue and injure against infection and inflammation caused by foreign pathogens.


2. The injection also showed a strongly inhibited secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α- and IL-6, in a range of 35 and 80%, respectively.


TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor is a protein with function in initiated response in the acute phase of inflammation


IL-6 (Interleukin 6) secreted by the immune system to stimulate an immune response, is an interleukin with duo functions in promoting either pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines respectively.
The inhibition of the pro-inflammatory substance of the pea protein may have a potential effect in reduced symptoms and complications such as reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful in the location of injury or infection.

3. The protein also stimulated the gut mucosal immune response.
The gut mucosal immune response against harmful intestinal organisms has a strong impact in reducing the risk of digestive disorder, by regulating the function of lymphoid tissue located in the mucosa.

According to the article on mucosal immunology, "the mucosal immune system provides protection against pathogens but maintains a tolerance towards non-harmful commensal microbes and benign environmental substances".

4. The immunomodulating effect is also found in an increased number of IgA+ cells in the small intestine lamina propria accompanied by an increase in the number of IL-4+, IL-10+, and IFN-γ+ cells.

In this case, the immunomodulating effect through the expression of the production of IgA+ cells in
protected the intestine lamina propria(based membrane) from pathogens, toxins, and food antigens the basement remembrance of the intestine by increasing the numbers of interleukin IL-4+, and IL-10+ in inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the increased function of IFN-γ+ cells in stimulated innate and adaptive immunity against viral, some bacterial and protozoal infections.

Further differentiation also suggested that the enhanced IL-6 secretion of small intestine epithelial cells (IEC) by the Pea protein hydrolysate in stimulation IgA-secretion, probably associated with a number of mechanisms, particularly in TLR2 and TLR4 function in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity.


Taken together, green peas or common peas may be considered as a therapeutic treatment in enhanced immunomodulating activity, particularly in aging adults and people with a history of weakened immunity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Immunomodulating activity of exopolysaccharide-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 from green peas by Matsuzaki C1, Kamishima K, Matsumoto K, Koga H, Katayama T, Yamamoto K, Hisa K.(PubMed)
(2)Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of an enzymatic protein hydrolysate from yellow field pea seeds by Ndiaye F1, Vuong T, Duarte J, Aluko RE, Matar C.(PubMed)
(3) Mucosal immunology by Nature.com

#CruciferousVegetables Lower the risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer and Improve Public Health, Researchers Say

A recent study conducted by the University of Lund, fermented Brussels sprouts, one of the members of cruciferous vegetables bound the secretion of bile acids from the liver by increased 25% of the fecal dry weight.
The study also confirmed that in various vegetables (carrots, rutabagas, peas, green beans, and Brussels sprouts), the total excretion of bile acids was reduced only when Brussels sprouts were added.

Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli, etc.

Bile acids secreted by the liver with purpose in removing excess cholesterol in the body and aiding intestinal digestion.

Binding bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract is the function of preventing reabsorption from the gut with an aim to lower the levels of cholesterol.

In vitro, the study of cruciferous vegetables also suggested that consumed regularly after steam cooking, would lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer and improve public health, through lowered recirculation of bile acids resulting in the utilization of cholesterol to synthesize bile acid and reduced fat absorption even more.

Dr. Kahlon TS, the lead author of the study said, "Relative to cholestyramine, (a cholesterol-lowering, bile acid-binding drug) in vitro bile acid-binding on dry matter basis was for the collard greens, kale, and mustard greens, 13%; broccoli, 10%; Brussels sprouts and spinach, 8%; green bell pepper, 7%; and cabbage, 5%" and (the levels of effectiveness can be classified as follows)"collard greens = kale = mustard greens > broccoli > Brussels sprouts = spinach = green bell pepper > cabbage".

Furthermore, according to the article published in the science research, besides steam cooking showed to significantly improved bile acid-binding of green/leafy vegetables; sautéing also significantly improved bile acid-binding of mustard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage, and green bell pepper compared with steaming, boiling or raw (uncooked).

In fact, Collard greens exhibited significantly higher bile acid binding by steaming compared with sautéing, boiling, or raw in comparison to other cruciferous vegetables.

Therefore, it is safe to insist that the intake of cruciferous vegetables regularly can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, by lowering cholesterol absorption and reabsorption.


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References
(1) Fermentation of vegetable fiber in the intestinal tract of rats and effects on fecal bulking and bile acid excretion by Nyman M1, Schweizer TF, Tyrén S, Reimann S, Asp NG. (PubMed)
(2) Steam cooking significantly improves in vitro bile acid binding of collard greens, kale, mustard greens, broccoli, green bell pepper, and cabbage by Kaifhlon TS1, Chiu MC, Chapman MH.(PubMed)ch
(3) In Vitro Bile Acid Binding of Mustard Greens, Kale, Broccoli, Cabbage and Green Bell Pepper Improves with Sautéing Compared with Raw or Other Methods of Preparation by Talwinder S. Kahlon, Rebecca R. Milczarek, Mei-Chin M. Chiu(Scientific Research)

Consumption of Carotenoid-Rich Vegetables Improves Immunity Against the Risk of #ChronicInflammatoryDiseases, Studies Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots and tomatoes and their major bioactive carotenoids may have a profound and positive effect on boosting immunity, some scientists suggested.

The results of the studies were carried out by numbers institutes in numbers of different differentiation, including the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition.

You can also view the abstract by clicking the links in the resources.

Immunity is a natural defense of organisms with an aim to protect the host to resist a particular infection or toxin through an expression of antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub species of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to South America.
Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown worldwide for commercial purposes and often in the greenhouse.

In the investigation of the effect of beta-carotene has been shown to enhance immune functions in humans, the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition launched a study to examine whether vegetables rich in carotenoids, such as beta-carotene or lycopene, exert any modulation of immune function in healthy humans.

The blinded, randomized, cross-over study, included male subjects on a low-carotenoid diet who consumed 330 ml/day of either tomato juice(37.0 mg/day lycopene) or carrot juice (27.1 mg/day beta-carotene and 13.1 mg/day alpha-carotene) for 2 weeks with a 2-week depletion period after juice intervention.

Epidemiological studies suggested that consuming carotenoids from food sources may provide a variety of health benefits including a reduced incidence of cancers, risk of cardiovascular disease, and improved eye health,.......

Reading of the immune status was assessed by measuring the related activity of natural killer (NK) cells, secretion of cytokines ( IL-2, IL-4, TNFalpha), and proliferation by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells((T cells, B cells, NK cells).

Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cells formed as a component of the innate immune system with function in inhibited microorganisms infected cells.


Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a type of inflammatory cytokine with a function in a signaling molecule in the immune system to protect the body against bacterial and viral in the acute phase of infection.


Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is activated by lymphoid cells in the inflammatory cytokine critical for initiating humoral immunity against extracellular pathogens.

Both Interleukin-2 and 4 (IL-2 and 4 ) play an important role in chronic inflammation and wound repair.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) including, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation during the acute phase of infection?

At the end of the experiment, researchers found that
* Both juices treated participants demonstrate relatively fast responses in plasma carotenoid concentrations (p < 0.0002) without inducing concomitant changes in immune functions.

* Intake of both tomato and carrot juice displays a significant activity of immunity in the production of IL-2, NK cell cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation with maximum responses observed during depletion periods.

*  Compared to the secretion of other inflammatory cytokines, TNF alpha exerts only at the end of the first intervention period.


* During the course of innervation, both juices show insignificant effects in modulating the secretion of IL-4.


These results suggested that lower plasma carotenoid concentrations in the bloodstream may reduce the immune function in response to diseases caused by bacterial and viral infection, particularly in the acute phase.

Occasional intake of tomato and carrot juice does not enhance body immunity, due to its function in time-delayed modulation of immune functions and its degradation caused by a number of factors, including heat, light, oxygen, acid, transition metal, or interactions with radical species.

The conclusion truly addressed the importance of carotenoids in modulated immune response in the protection of bodily injury or damage during the acute phase of infection through inhibiting pro-inflammatory overexpression in the induction of cytotoxicity and damage to nearby healthy cells.

Further to reaffirm the effects of the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables on the immune system, the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition conducted a study of 23 non-smokers, male subjects, who were not restricted in their daily diet, except that they had to abstain from fruit and vegetables high in carotenoids throughout the whole study period with blood collected weekly from subjects after a 12 h fast.

The study was also divided into four periods, each lasting 2 weeks: * Weeks 1-2: low-carotenoid period;

* Daily consumption of 330 ml tomato juice (40 mg lycopene/d, 1.5 mg beta-carotene/d) (weeks 3-4),
* 330 ml carrot juice (21.6 mg beta-carotene/d, 15.7 mg alpha-carotene/d, 0.5 mg lutein/d) (weeks 5-6)
* 10 g dried spinach powder (11.3 mg lutein/d, 3.1 mg beta-carotene/d) (weeks 7-8).


According to the assessment of T-lymphocyte and secretion of immunoreactive cytokines, lower concentration due to consumption of a low-carotenoid diet exerted a significantly reduced proliferation of function immune system observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with concanavalin A.

At the end of the first 2 weeks of tomato juice consumption and until the end of the intervention period, researchers found that intake of tomato juice with abundant carotenoids induced an insignificant change in lymphocyte proliferation in compared to concentration at the end of the depletion period.

Similarly, the experiment also exerted a strong immune modulated effect in the assessment of the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and -4).

The dietary intervention improved the IL-2 and IL-4 secretion values. however, the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were significantly suppressed after the low-carotenoid diet.

The results at the end of the period also expressed the similarity of other studies " After carrot juice and spinach powder consumption the cytokine secretion capacity of PBMC was not significantly different from that at the end of the depletion period".

Dr. Watzl B, the lead author after taking into account other co and confounders said, "The results of the present study indicate that a low-carotenoid diet reduces T-lymphocyte functions and the addition of tomato juice restores these functions".

The unexplained changes in the plasma carotenoid concentrations probably severed as an indication that other phytochemicals or other mechanisms in tomato and carrot juice may have a strong implication in modulated immune response other than the cytokine secretion capacity of PBMC.

Taken together, tomato and carrot juice and their bioactive carotenoids may be considered as functional foods in boosting immune function against foreign organisms, particularly, in the acute phase of infection.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Supplementation of a low-carotenoid diet with tomato or carrot juice modulates immune functions in healthy men by Watzl B1, Bub A, Briviba K, Rechkemmer G(PubMed)
(2) Modulation of human T-lymphocyte functions by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables by Watzl B1, Bub A, Brandstetter BR, Rechkemmer G.(PubMed)
(3) Factors influencing the chemical stability of carotenoids in foods by Boon CS1, McClements DJ, Weiss J, Decker EA(PubMed)

#Fennel Process Laxative Property for the Impropvement of Quality of Life and Treatment of Chronic Constipation, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a therapeutic effect for the treatment of chronic constipation, some scientists suggested.
Chronic constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements in passing stool for weeks at a time.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as a warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

According to the study of 24 patients with chronic non-specific colitis conducted by Dr. Chakŭrski I and colleagues, oral administration of a traditional combination of peppermint, licorice, and fennel exerted a significant activity in reduced spontaneous and palpable pains along the large intestine disappeared and induced daily defecation in the patients with obstipation syndrome.

Further differentiation suggested that the herbal formula demonstrated a potential effect in inhibiting the colitis expression by reducing the colon function in reabsorbed fluids and processed waste products from the body and prepared for its elimination.


Some researchers suggested chronic constipation may be an intestinal microbiota imbalance-related disease as herbal feed additives including fennel exerted significant effects on digestive disorders of weaning rabbits' intestinal microbiota, according to the study compared the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in constipated patients and healthy controls.

In fact, further analysis also found that patients with chronic constipation expressed alterations of intestinal microbiota composition characterized by decreased obligate bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides spp.) and a parallel increase of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter jejuni).

Long-term imbalance of intestinal microbiota composition may associate with the prevalence of chronic constipation as increased pathogenic microorganisms may reduce intestinal motility and secretory functions by changing the amount of available physiologically active substances and the metabolic environment of the gut in the breakdown of food products into absorbable nutrients.

The above differentiation of the fennel composition effect was supported by an illustration of the study of the formula Smooth Move, a herbal tea used in some nursing care for residents with chronic constipation.

According to Dr. Bub S and colleagues a total of 86 nursing home residents with chronic constipation were randomly assigned to receive Smooth Move (n = 42) or a placebo (n = 44), once daily, in addition to standard treatment for chronic constipation for 28 days, oral administration of the formula showed a statistically significant increase in the number of bowel movements in compared to placebo group.

More precisely, participants treated with Smooth Move compared to the nontreatment group experienced an average of 4.14 more bowel movements during the 28-day study period versus the 28-day pre-study period.

Interestingly, in the investigation of the laxative efficacy of the composition of Pimpinella anisum L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller, Sambucus nigra L., and Cassia augustifolia used in Brazil for treatment of chronic constipation, researchers at the institution of conducted a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial included 20 patients presenting with chronic constipation according to the criteria of the American Association of Gastroenterology, found that patients received the formula composition exerts a strong improvement of bowel function in compared to control.

However, the application fails to improve the quality of life in participants in reduced some symptoms associated with chronic constipation, except for a small reduction in serum potassium levels during the active treatment.

Dr. Picon PD, the lead author, after taking into account other confounders, said, "phytotherapeutic compound assessed has laxative efficacy and is a safe alternative option for the treatment of constipation".

Taken together, fennel used alone or combined with other herbal medicine may be considered as a therapeutic treatment in patients with chronic participation without inducing any intolerable side effects.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) [Treatment of chronic colitis with an herbal combination of Taraxacum officinale, Hipericum perforatum, Melissa officinaliss, Calendula officinalis and Foeniculumvulgare].[Article in Bulgarian] by Chakŭrski I, Matev M, Koĭchev A, Angelova I, Stefanov G.(PubMed)
(2) Efficacy of an herbal dietary supplement (Smooth Move) in the management of constipation in nursing home residents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study by Bub S1, Brinckmann J, Cicconetti G, Valentine B.(PubMed)
(3) Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapeutic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation by Picon PD1, Picon RV, Costa AF, Sander GB, Amaral KM, Aboy AL, Henriques AT. (PubMed)
(4) Intestinal microbiota and chronic constipation by Ying Zhao and Yan-Bo Yu(PubMed)
(5) Performance, digestive disorders, and the intestinal microbiota in weaning rabbits are affected by a herbal feed additive by R. Krieg, Wageha Awad, W Vahjen, and Wilfried Vahjen(Research gate)

#Aloe Vera's Aloe-emodin(AE) and Extract Increase the Immune CellViability of Macrophages through Immunomodulatory Activity, Researchers Show

Kyle J. Norton

Aloe Vera may be used as potential herbal medicine in enhanced immune function in promoting immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory expression.

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan, used in herbal medicine in treating various diseases, including wounds, burn to heal, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc.

The immunomodulatory effect is an action that involved the regulation of the immune system against the invasion of foreign subjects in promoted infection and inflammation.

According to the joint study led by the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, orally administrated (AVH200®), an aloe vera extract modified the protein involved activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion of healthy human blood T cells, in a dose-dependent manner.


Aloe-emodin(AE), a major constituent found in Aloe Vera exerted a positive effect in significantly enhanced dabrafenib (a BARF inhibitor) antiproliferative activity of mutant cell lines through immunomodulatory activity

The study also confirmed that AE possesses remarkable antineoplastic properties of the drug(dabrafenib) used in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer, against melanoma cells.

In candida Albicans, A. vera extract and its fractions on infected macrophages demonstrated an antifungal effect by activating and modulating the immune response.

Furthermore, the extract also significantly increased the cell viability of macrophages, in comparison with the control group.

Additionally, a polysaccharide isolated from Aloe Vera explicitly also enhanced immune function in producing specific antibodies and inducing delayed hypersensitivity in mice models.

Collectively, chemical constituents found in Aloe vera have shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in regulated immune function against foreign invasion and allergic reactions and irregular cell growth, but further studies are necessary to confirm this validation.


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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


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Sources
(1) Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract (AVH200®) on human blood T cell activity in vitro by Ahluwalia B1, Magnusson MK2, Isaksson S3, Larsson F4, Öhman L5. (PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin exerts a potent anticancer and immunomodulatory activity on BRAF-mutated human melanoma cells by Tabolacci C1, Cordella M2, Turcano L3, Rossi S2, Lentini A3, Mariotti S4, Nisini R4, Sette G5, Eramo A2, Piredda L3, De Maria R5, Facchiano F6, Beninati S3. (PubMed)
(3) Immunomodulatory effects of Aloe vera and its fractions on the response of macrophages against Candida albicans by Farahnejad Z1, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R(PubMed)
(4) An anti-complementary polysaccharide with immunological adjuvant activity from the leaf parenchyma gel of Aloe vera by t'Hart LA, van den Berg AJ, Kuis L, van Dijk H, Labadie RP. (PubMed)

#GreenTea Phenolic Compound Inhibits Retinal Degenerative Disease, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea phenolic content may have a sustainable and therapeutic effect in reducing the risk and progression of retinal degeneration, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Retinal degeneration is a macular disease characterized by impaired vision, night blindness, retinal detachment, light sensitivity, tunnel vision, and loss of peripheral vision to total loss of vision.

The evaluation of green tea's effect on the risk of retinal degeneration was found to be implicated by several mechanisms through a number of aspects.

In ROS implication of oxidative stress-induced degeneration of the retina occurred in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, application of green tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exhibited antioxidant effect as free radical scavenger in ameliorated chain reaction of ROS in causing loss of neuron with direct effects of retinal function and reduced cytotoxicity of free radicals in induction of retinal cellular apoptosis.

Administration of green tea phenolic compound exerted 10 times more effective in the treatment of retinal degeneration, compared to potent medicine Trolox (vitamin E analogue) in attenuating lipid peroxidation caused by the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), according to the study.


Particularly, green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited a significant decrease in photoreceptor-specific markers (RET-P1, rhodopsin kinase) which may be an indication of photoreceptor cells in the transition to degenerate prematurely, eventually resulting in blindness and an increase in the cell death marker caspase-3 caused by oxidative stress induced by injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)


According to the observation by Western blotting techniques, SNP was completely inhibited by EGCG injection in ameliorating the detrimental effects to the retina caused by SNP.

Dr. Zhang B, the co-author said, "Since oxidative stress has been implicated in retinal diseases like AMD and glaucoma this study provides "proof of principle" for the idea that daily intake of EGCG may help individuals suffering from retinal diseases where oxidative stress is implicated".

More interestingly, in BALB/cJ mice treated with either EGCG or saline via intraperitoneal (IP) injection, and then placed under constant cool white light-emitting diode (LED) light (10,000 lux) for 5 h, the EGCG treatment group showed a strong protective effect on the retina against light damage (LD) in compared to the control group.

According to the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG), in the examine the retinal structure and function after LD indicated that the application of green tea EGCG improved significantly higher ERG amplitudes for all three wave types through inducing morphologic protection of photoreceptors also in compared to control.

Moreover, the green tea extract bio-compound also decreased oxidative stress through increase the mRNA level of the antioxidant expression of Sod2, a manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) before LD and 24 h after LD.

Dr. Qi S1,, the lead author said, "The IP injection of EGCG attenuated the detrimental effects of bright light on the retinas of BALB/cJ mice by protecting the structure and function of the retina".

Importantly, in study to evaluate green tea EGCG effect in reduced glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the retina, researchers conducted a study of female Wistar rats (n = 171) randomly signed into a normal control group (n = 9); saline control group with intravitreal saline injections (n = 54); NMDA control group with an intravitreal NMDA injection and intraperitoneal saline injections (n = 54); and NMDA study group (n = 54) receiving an intravitreal NMDA injection plus intraperitoneal EGCG (25 mg/kg) injections, observation of the groups at 2 weeks after additional injection of NMDA showed that group with treatment of intraperitoneal application of EGCG reduced a significantly less marked NMDA-associated loss of retinal ganglion cell, through inhibition of decreasing retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), neurons located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye in received visual information from photoreceptors via cell density and thickness of Thy-1 immunoreactivity in several areas of the immature and adult human brain in expression of retinal ganglion cell damage.


Taken together, there is no doubt that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol of green tea, may be considered as a secondary therapeutic treatment used a combination with standard therapy for the protection and treatment of retinal degenerative disease


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Oxidative-induced retinal degeneration is attenuated by epigallocatechin gallate by Zhang B1, Osborne NN(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in the adult rat retina by Chen F1, Jiang L, Shen C, Wan H, Xu L, Wang N, Jonas JB(PubMed)
(3) Intraperitoneal injection of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in the mouse retina by Qi S1,2, Wang C1,2, Song D2, Song Y2, Dunaief JL2.(PubMed)--

#Ginger's #CrudeExtract Processes Anti #ColonCancer by BlockingReceptorSignaling and Stimulating Apoptosis, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Ginger may process certain bioactive compounds with a function to protect our body against the onset of colon cancer, some scientists found.
Colon cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At this stage, most patients do not experience any symptoms or discomfort.

However, at the advanced stage, the cancerous cells in the colon not only can travel a distance far away to infect other healthy tissue and organ but also cause localized severe pain and symptoms as the proliferation of cancer have suppressed the nearby nerve cells and tissue.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of the disease. But they do know a history of polyps, ethnicity, high-fat diet, and low fiber, the increase in age, and the long-term infection of colon diseases are some of the prevalent risk factors associated with the onset and progression of colon cancer, according to epidemiological studies.

Out of that group of risk factors, the increase in age has been under intensified studies by many scientists.

According to the statistic, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the US. The median age at diagnosis for colon cancer is 68 in men and 72 in women.

Early diagnosis of colon cancer can increase the 5 years of survival rate. Truly, in 39% of colon cancer diagnosed at the localized-stage disease, the five and ten years survival rate is 90%.

Dr. Elmer E. van Eeghen, the lead scientist in the cancer program at the Zaans Medisch Centrum, in the concerns of the increase in age impact on the development of colon cancer, launched an investigation on the influence of age and comorbidity on survival and cause of death in a non-selected population.


In the study "Impact of age and comorbidity on survival in colorectal cancer" wrote, "Patients with colorectal cancer are often excluded from clinical trials based on age or a poor performance score" and " In colon cancer patient age and comorbidity predict survival. This represents possible bias or a reduced survival benefit of treatment, and is an indication that colon cancer is not the prognosis-defining illness in the majority of patients".

These results furtherly confirm the prognosis of colon cancer in the aging population. However, most aging populations do not develop colon cancer.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The pungent kitchen spice has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

With an aim to find a natural ingredient without side effects for the treatment of colon cancer, researchers at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, launch an investigation to examine the anti-tumor and anti-inflammation properties of the crude ginger extract against many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer.

The cells used in the experiment were divided into 4 groups: the first group represents HT29 cells without treatment, the second and third groups were cells treated singly with either ginger or Gelam honey, respectively, and the last group represents cells treated with ginger and Gelam honey combined.

During the experiment, researchers showed that

* Ginger displays a significant effect in the inhibition of colon cancer cells by blocking the communication of a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell and regulating the cell cycle division.

* Ginger the concentration of the IC50 of 5.2 mg/m simulated the early apoptosis by enhancing the functional proteins associated with the execution of cancer cells and

* Decreasing the expression of proteins associated with cancer cells spreading.

Further differentiation of the anti-proliferative effects of ginger efficacy in enhancing the anti-cancer effects of 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) against a colorectal cancer cell line, HCT 116. researchers showed that ginger (IC50 of 3mg/mL) is more potent than Gelam honey (IC50 of 75 mg/mL) in inhibiting the growth of HCT 116 cells.

These results once against the suggested ginger extract could potentially enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU against colorectal cancer.

Additionally, ginger in the study of cells was divided into 4 groups: the first group represents HT29 cells without treatment, the second and third groups were cells treated singly with either ginger or Gelam honey, respectively, and the last group represents cells treated with ginger and Gelam honey combined researcher found that

Taken altogether, the ginger extract used alone or combined with honey might process significant and profound effects in reducing the risk of colon cancer and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of colon cancer.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Combined ginger extract & Gelam honey modulate Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway genes in colon cancer HT29 cells by Tahir AA1, Sani NF2, Murad NA3, Makpol S4, Ngah WZ5, Yusof YA. (PubMed)
(2) Gelam honey and ginger potentiate the anti-cancer effect of 5-FU against HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells by Hakim L1, Alias E, Makpol S, Ngah WZ, Morad NA, Yusof YA. (PubMed)
(3) Impact of age and comorbidity on survival in colorectal cancer by Elmer E. van Eeghen, Sandra D. Bakker, Aart van Bochove, and Ruud J. L. F. Loffeld. (PMC)