#Bromelain Porcesses Anti Immune-Hypersensitivity by Inhibiting Airway Inflammation, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that tries to protect the body against the insult from foreign invasion.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damaged tissues are healed themselves after all pathogens are killed off.

However, if the immune system can not completely eradicate all invaders in the acute phase of infection, it will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and diabetes.

Airway inflammation is a lung inflammatory caused by both allergens and immune mistakenly attacks the respiratory tissues.

Chronic airway disease predominantly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased at an alarming rate in the US over the past 20 years.

According to the statistics provided by the WHO, globally, approximately 65 million people suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), causing the death of 3 million each year. and 334 million people suffer from asthma, affecting 14% of all children globally.

In the US, the prevalence of chronic airway disease was found to cause a major financial burden to society, with both direct and indirect costs.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With an aim to discover a natural compound for the treatment of airway inflammation, researchers examined the benefits of alternative asthma treatments, including the ability of bromelain to inhibit inflammation, accompanied by a lifestyle change.

Preexisting asthma via ovalbumin (OVA)-an induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD) selected to the investigation were randomly assigned to receive phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only or bromelain in PBS.as an intervention group.

According to the results of the sensitized female C57BL/6J mice with intraperitoneal OVA/alum and then challenged with OVA aerosolization for 10 consecutive days followed by administering daily doses of PBS to the control group (n = 10) and bromelain (6mg/kg) in PBS to the bromelain (intervention) group (n = 10) on day 4, the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase of anti-inflammatory activity observed by the reduced BAL total leukocytes (P < .05), eosinophils (P < .05), and cellular infiltrates via lung pathology (P < .005), compared to the control group.

Interestingly, bromelain significantly reduced BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ratio without affecting cell numbers in the spleen or hilar lymph node, an indication of reduced hypersensitivity of the immunity.


In other words, bromelain protects airway inflammation in asthmatic animals by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through its anti-inflammation property.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "bromelain has a therapeutic effect in established AAD, which may translate into an effective adjunctive therapy in patients with similar conditions, such as allergic asthma, who have chosen to initiate treatment after the onset of symptoms".

Also, according to the results of another study included ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD) assigned to either saline, 2 or 6 mg/kg bromelain, twice daily for four consecutive days., bromelain treatment of AAD mice exerted a similar effect compared to the aforementioned experiment.

Bromelain reduced total BAL leukocytes, eosinophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, and IL-13, through its anti-inflammatory activity.

Dr. Secor ER Jr, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "The reduction in AAD outcomes suggests that bromelain may have similar effects in the treatment of human asthma and hypersensitivity disorders".

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bromelain limits airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of established asthma by Secor ER Jr1, Shah SJ, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Thrall RS. (PubMed)
(2) Bromelain exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic airway disease by Secor ER Jr1, Carson WF 4th, Cloutier MM, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Wu CA, Thrall RS. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Catsclaw Reduces the Chemotherapy Adverse Effects Against #BreastCancer, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Cat's claw found in the tropical jungles of South and Central America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, used in traditional medicine for over two thousand years as a tonic, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, and infectious agent, and to treat diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne, diabetes, cancer and diseases of the urinary tract, etc.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

There are also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of women is 1/8.

A recent study of prevention in experimental diabetes suggested that Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) may be effective in reducing the risk and treatment of breast cancer.


Hydroalcoholic extract of U. tomentosa is found to associate with a reduction of accelerated tumor progression through many biological aspects.

A study of C57BL/6 male mice injected with MLDS (40 mg/kg) and orally treated with UT at 10-400mg/kg during 21 days, showed a higher number of intact islets and a significant inhibition of destructive insulitis, and significant protection against the loss of insulin-secreting presented β-cells.

The plant also expressed a high level of modulation of the immune system. Immunomodulatory properties of medicinal plants showed to mitigate breast cancer cell growth, through immune cell types participating in the process, especially cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, and cytokines.
In MT-3 and MCF7 cell lines, U. tomentosa also exhibited antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, and anti-inflammatory activity as well as mutagenic and antimutagenic properties.

Dr. Baraya YS, the lead author said, "Curcuma longa was reported to hold strong potential in breast cancer treatment in various parts of the world. Interestingly, research findings have shown that these plants possess bioactive immunomodulators as their main constituents producing the anticancer effects".

Furthermore, in vitro, immunomodulatory effects of a Uncaria tomentosa hydroalcoholic extract exhibited an anti-breast cancer effect by increasing the production of cytokines related to the anti-tumoral response at concentrations of 500-1000 μg/mL.


In a randomized clinical trial of treatment for breast cancer, Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) not only reduced the adverse effects of chemotherapy but also enhanced immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and attenuated oxidative stress caused by cellular DNA damage.

The herbal plant, Cat's claw has shown its effects in the treatment of breast cancer through many aspects, but the use of the plant must be only given by herbalists, as the quality and quantity may be different due to geography, time of harvest, and where the plant was grown.


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Sources
(1) Uncaria tomentosa extract alters the catabolism of adenine nucleotides and expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and P2X7 and A1 receptors in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. by Santos KF1, Gutierres JM2, Pillat MM3, Rissi VB4, Santos Araújo MD5, Bertol G6, Gonçalves PB4, Schetinger MR2, Morsch VM7(PubMed)
(2) The Immunomodulatory Potential of Selected Bioactive Plant-Based Compounds in Breast Cancer: A Review by Baraya YS1, Wong KK2, Yaacob NS3(PubMed).
(3) [Immunomodulation of Uncaria tomentosa over dendritic cells, il-12 and profile TH1/TH2/TH17 in breast cancer].[Article in Spanish]by Núñez C1, Lozada-Requena I1, Ysmodes T1, Zegarra D1, Saldaña F1, Aguilar J1.(PubMed)
(4) Uncaria tomentosa-Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer: Clinical Trial by Santos Araújo Mdo C1, Farias IL, Gutierres J, Dalmora SL, Flores N, Farias J, de Cruz I, Chiesa J, Morsch VM, Chitolina Schetinger MR.(PubMed)
(5) Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines by García Giménez D1, García Prado E, Sáenz Rodríguez T, Fernández Arche A, De la Puerta R.(PubMed)
(6) The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line by Riva L1, Coradini D, Di Fronzo G, De Feo V, De Tommasi N, De Simone F, Pizza C.(PubMed)

#Arctiin found in #Herbal #Burdock Roots and Seeds, Processes Anti #Diabetes and #DiabeticRetinopathy, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes with no side effects, according to studies.

Diabetes is a medical and chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in the pancreas that died off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

Some researchers suggested that high blood cholesterol is one major risk factor that not only contributed to the risk of obesity but also facilitates the onset of diabetes.

How to calculate your blood cholesterol, If the ratio of your blood cholesterol is higher than 4, you have high blood cholesterol.

The normal ratio of blood cholesterol is 4 (low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol)/ 1 ( high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol). Any number which is higher than 4 is considered high blood cholesterol.

How is high blood cholesterol associated with diabetes
* Most patients with diabetes also have a syndrome of high blood cholesterol.

* According to Dr. Michael Greger M.D. long-term intake of a high-fat diet is associated with diabetes. According to the study of young, healthy people and split them up into two groups, high fat intake within 2 days demonstrated, a significant rise of glucose intolerance. During the study, the high-fat diet group ended up with twice the blood sugar compared to the carbohydrate-rich diet group.

* Also the spike of blood sugar in the high-fat diet group may also increase the onset of insulin resistance due to insulin no longer performing its function in activating the function of the insulin receptors site which is now clogged up by cholesterol to stimulate the enzymes associated with glucose transport.

In other words, the pancreas beta cells will continue to produce insulin but can not lower the blood glucose due to the disruption of glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance, the major cause of diabetes.

Burdock is a plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. Herbal medicine has been using thousands of years in China and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and blood-purifying agent to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers, and other digestive problems.

Too find a natural medicine for the treatment of diabetes and reduced diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, researchers at the Third Military Medical University examined Arctiin, a bioactive compound isolated from the dry seeds of Arctium lappa L.(Burdock), antidiabetic activity.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats induced diabetes are randomly divided into five groups (n = 20 per group) and treated with intragastric doses of 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg/d wt of arctiin, 100 mg/kg/d wt of calcium dobesilate, or 0.5 % CMC-Na and 20 nondiabetic sham-treated rats were treated with 0.5 % CMC-Na.

In the beginning, there was no significantly different occurrence of diabetic retinopathy among the groups.

However, at week 16, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) level was significantly decreased in all of the arctiin-treated groups when compared with the control group, and the serum glucose level was also decreased in the rats treated with the highest dose of arctiin

The normal levels of HbA1c of 6.5% and HbA1c are used as an objective measure of glycaemic control.

The highest dose of the arctiin group showed a decrease in the serum glucose level which was elevated by the induction of diabetes.

Arctiin treatment group displayed a reduced inflammation in the expression of retinal edema, detachment of the retina, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed by the histological and immunochemical examinations.

Furthermore, arctiin also increased the viability of retinal microvascular endothelial cells which was reduced in diabetic rats, in vitro.

Dr. Lu LC, the lead scientist wrote, "These findings demonstrate that arctiin decreases the severity of diabetic complications, demonstrating the importance of this compound as an inhibitor of diabetic retinopathy".

Additionally, in the review of the anti-diabetes effects of the active compounds present in the different botanical parts of burdock, researchers examined the active ingredients in the roots and seeds.

The results of the chemical analysis suggested that the compounds isolated from roots showed a strong effect in the inhibition of diabetes through their antioxidant activity.

In the seeds, some active compounds possess anti-inflammatory effects similar to that of arctiin treatment rats group.

These results suggested that herbal burdock exerted a strong anti-diabetes and diabetic complication through its glycaemic control and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.


Taken together, herbal Burdock processed with high numbers of the bioactive compound may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complication.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Effects of arctiin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley rats by Lu LC, Zhou W, Li ZH, Yu CP, Li CW, Luo MH, Xie H.(PubMed)
(2) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock) by Chan YS1, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW. (PubMed)
(3) Fat is the Cause of Type 2 Diabetes by Written By Michael Greger M.D. FACLM on November 17th, 2016. (Nutrition Facts)

Mixtture of Herbal #Artichoke and #Fennel #Extract Processes Anti #Hyperglycemia Activity, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Artichoke may process a substantial and profound effect in managing the levels of postprandial glycemia in diabetics, according to studies.
Hyperglycemia is a condition of abnormally high levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

Postprandial blood glucose is the level taken after 2 hours of a meal, generally at the approximate peak value in patients with diabetes.

Management of postprandial blood glucose has become an essential feature for diabetics against the risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Diabetes is a medical and chronic disease characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate glucose as a result of the cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.


Insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetes. The exact causes of insulin resistance are unknown. Researchers do not know why people with the same health conditions in the same family, are susceptible to the onset of diabetes while others do not.


However, some researchers suggested that an unhealthy diet with high saturated and trans fat, red meat, and processed foods is one of the major risk factors associated with the onset of the disease in the Western world compared to a traditional diet.

In other words, if you follow the Western diet, you are at an increased risk of diabetes development.

Dr. David Hefner in concerned about the risk of diabetes in patients who are fans of the Western diet wrote, "The typical Western diet-red meat, high-fat dairy products, refined grains and desserts-may increase your chances for Type 2 diabetes" and "That's what researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health have found and reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine."

The doctor continued, "The news isn't particularly shocking but offers a new view on the health risks of a typical Western diet as a whole, rather than simply attacking elements within the diet such as fatty foods".

The finding argued the risk of diabetes is reduced if you change your Western diet pattern to a traditional diet with high fruits and vegetables and whole-grain with a limited intake of saturated and trans fat, processed foods, and red meat.

Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.

The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent and for the treatment of digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.

With an aim to find a natural ingredient doe the treatment of hyperglycemia with no side effects, researchers examined the traditional use of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae family) preparations for lowering post-prandial glycemia.

The study included non-selected Wistar and genetically obese Zucker rats treated acutely with a purified extract of Cynara scolymus flowering heads (500-1500 mg/kg by gavage) immediately prior to 1 h access to a fixed amount of food.

Any parts of Cynara scolymus flowering head extract with a lack of any fiber content have been excluded.


According to the results taken at 60, 120, and 360 min after food presentation, intake of Cynara scolymus flowering head extract showed a significant decrease in postprandial glycemia in both rat groups.

The exclusion of the parts of Cynara scolymus flowering head extract with lack of any fiber content have excluded in the study suggested that the preparation induced a hyperglycemic effect without involving the fiber which has been found to process a strong impact in the inhibitory activity.

Dr. Fantini N, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "The results obtained constitute the first evidence of a hypoglycemic effect of an artichoke preparation in laboratory rodents and confirm previous observations made in humans".

In order to reveal more information about artichoke-inhibited hyperglycemic properties, researchers evaluated the extract from Phaseolus vulgaris and Cynara scolymus and their combination on food intake and glycemia in rats.

The combination produced comparable reductions in intake of regular food and chocolate-flavored beverage, compared to a low and ineffective single use of either extract.

Furthermore, P. vulgaris and C. scolymus extracts additively contributed to the reducing effect of the combination on the glycemic rise.

These results of the mixture of P. vulgaris and C. scolymus extracts were attributed to the efficacy of the anorectic effect of the P. vulgaris extract with the hypoglycemic effect of both extracts.

The findings strongly suggested that artichokes may play an important role in stimulating the mixture of antihyperglycemic activity.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, after taking into account co and confounders, "These data support the recent clinical use of the combination of P. vulgaris and C. scolymus extracts in the control of appetite, food intake, and postprandial glycemia and represent a successful example of translational research in the nutraceutical field".

Taken altogether, artichoke used alone or combined with other herbal medicine may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Evidence of glycemia-lowering effect by a Cynara scolymus L. extract in normal and obese rats by Fantini N1, Colombo G, Giori A, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E, Carai MA. (PubMed)
(2) Reducing effect of a combination of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cynara scolymusextracts on food intake and glycemia in rats by Loi B1, Fantini N, Colombo G, Gessa GL, Riva A, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Carai MA. (PubMed)
(3) Western Diet Linked to Type 2 Diabetes by David Hefner. (PMC)

#Emodin Found in Herbal Cascara Sagrada inhbits 11beta-HSD1 Associated with Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Cascara sagrada may process a strong and positive effect on reducing the risk and treatment of type 2 diabetes, according to studies.

Diabetes is a condition characterized by insulin resistance and abnormally high blood glucose. Most cases of type 2 diabetes are associated with insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose, caused by either cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

Family history, ethnicity, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, high blood cholesterol, and fasting glucose overweight or obese are some prevalent risk factors of the disease, according to epidemiological studies.

Women, having gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome are also at a higher risk of diabetes.

Some researchers also suggested that aging also plays a critical role in inducing the onset of the disease, therefore, anyone over the age of 40 should be tested for diabetes every three years.

The Diabetes Society of Canada went one step further to suggest that anyone who has one or more risk factors should be tested more frequently and/or start regular screening earlier.

Truly, the clinical features of elderly diabetes are significant differences, compared to that of younger age population. Dr. Katarzyna Mordarska, the lead scientist said, "The prevalence of both type 2 diabetes and prediabetes increases with advancing age. The most important factors leading to hyperglycemia follow deficiency of insulin secretion developing with age, and growing insulin resistance caused by a change in body composition and sarcopenia".


And, "Diabetes in elderly people is often diagnosed with a delay due to atypical symptoms (dementia, urinary incontinence) and occurrence of mainly postprandial hyperglycemia. Elderly people are more exposed to diabetes complications, have more risk of myocardial infarction and end-stage renal disease, and are hospitalized more often due to hypoglycemia than are younger patients"

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, its bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers on finding natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes investigated the effect of emodin, a bioactive ingredient isolated from herbal Cascara Sagrada.

Emodin enhanced GLUT4 translocation and [(14)C] function in facilitating the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane of the myotube in an AMPK-dependent manner.

Where 5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in activating the glucose and fatty acid uptake.

Furthermore, emodin also inhibited glucose production by suppressing the expression genes associated with key gluconeogenesis in generating glucose through sources other than carbohydrates, such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

In C57Bl/6J mice, a single dose of emodin significantly decreased the fasting plasma glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance.

According to the insulin tolerance test, the administration of emodin also increased insulin sensitivity after daily injection for 8 days.

Dr. the lead scientists said, "Emodin regulates glucose homeostasis in vivo by AMPK activation and that this may represent a novel therapeutic principle in the treatment of type 2 diabetic models".

In order to reveal more information about the anti-diabetes of emodin, researchers investigated the effects of emodin on 11beta-HSD1 and its ability to ameliorate metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Where 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) is an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Emodin exerted its potency as an 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor with the IC(50) of 186 and 86 nM for human and mouse 11beta-HSD1, respectively.

Single oral administration of emodin inhibited the 11beta-HSD1 activity of liver and fat significantly in mice.
Emodin reversed prednisone-induced insulin resistance in mice, without affecting the effect of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, by inhibiting the 11beta-HSD1 in vivo.


In DIO mice, oral administration of emodin improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and lowered blood glucose.

The findings suggested that emodin processes the potential value for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada with a high amount of emodin may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299

References
(1) Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase by Song P, Kim JH, Ghim J, Yoon JH, Lee A, Kwon Y, Hyun H, Moon HY, Choi HS, Berggren PO, Suh PG, Ryu SH.(PubMed)
(2) Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin: a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ-agonist activity by Chen Z, Zhang L, Yi J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li Z. (PubMed)
(3) Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y. (PubMed)
(4) Diabetes in the elderly by Katarzyna Mordarska1 and Małgorzata Godziejewska-Zawada. (PMC)

#Cucumber's Aqueous #Extract Improves Symptoms in Patients with #Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Kyle J. Norton

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease mostly caused by work-related occupations and the working environment, affecting the muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, and nerves, over time.
The disease is most prevalent in the US. Approximately 10% of men and 13% of women over the age of 60 years suffer from the condition.

In the general population, OA affects over 25 million people in the United States alone.

And, the numbers are increasing at an alarming rate due to the aging of the population and the obesity epidemic.

The most common symptoms of OA include pain in the joint(s), reduced movement of the joint(s), joint(s) tenderness, and stiffness, particularly, the loss of flexibility and bone spurs.


If you have experienced some of the symptoms that do not get better in a short period of time, you may have OA.

Believe it or not, patients with OA are associated with the complications of a rapid, complete breakdown of cartilage, bone death (osteonecrosis), and stress fractures.

As of today, there is no cure for the condition, Treatment of OA conventionally are focusing on reducing the pain and progression of the disease and improving quality of life.

If you are taking medication for the treatment of OA, please make sure that you know all the side effects
Prolonged use of Acetaminophen has been found to cause liver damage.

In the prevention and management of OA, some researchers suggested
* Prevented recurrent injury to damaged menisci
The meniscus is an important issue because if its function in shock absorption and load distribution in the healthy knee joint(111). A meniscal tear can lead to knee osteoarthritis (OA), but knee OA can also lead to a spontaneous breakdown of meniscal tear and damage to meniscal structure(112). Meniscus damage or recurrent injury might be considered as a signifying feature of incipient OA in middle-aged and elderly people(113).

*. Take precautions if your occupation is at increased risk of osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most important diseases as it frequently affects the active age group of the population contributing to the loss of working hours and of disability(114)(115)(117). Compressive, torsional, pulling and angular movements common in certain occupations or sports may result in injuries of soft tissue, thus increasing the development of OA(116).

* Muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises
Enhanced muscle strengthening with neuromuscular electrical stimulation(118), aerobic exercises(119), and exercise(220) are effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with mild to moderate OA of the knee(220).

* Maintain a healthy weight(117)
Increased BMI and obesity are associated with more severe cartilage degeneration(121)(123) as assessed by both morphological and quantitative MRI measurements(122).

*Avoid dehydration
Dehydration has shown to reduce the mobility of collagen amino acid residues and carbon sugar ring structures in glycosaminoglycans, according to University of Michigan(124) of that may affect the functions of cartilage and induce the risk of OA(125), but dehydration effects are reversible, through the restoration of molecular structure and mobility(124).

* Avoid intake of inflammatory foods
Loading up on junk foods and fast foods contains a high amount of trans fat that increases the risk of inflammation(126) exhibits pro-inflammatory effects(127) and causes of osteoarthritis (OA)(128). Red meat, eggs, and wheat products all contain a high amount of arachidonic acid, too much arachidonic acid maybe worsen the inflammation process(129), etc.

* Eat your fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables containing high amounts of nutrients and antioxidants (130), can enhance the immune defense system(131)within the joint through direct influences of transferrin performance for reduction of inflammation(131)(132) as well as suppressing free radicals and the chain of free radicals reaction cause of elevating the swelling and promoting degeneration(133)(134).

* Replace regular beverage with green tea
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol(135)(136), was found to be effective in reducing inflammatory cytokines-induced inflammatory diseases(137)(138).

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae and native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

In finding a natural compound for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), age-related disease researchers examined an aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus (cucumber; CSE) against GC in the management of moderate knee OA.

The randomized double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial included 122 patients (56 males and 66 females) aged between 40 and 75 years with moderate knee OA took place in three different centers

Participants were divided evenly into 2 groups (n= 61) the GC group received orally the generally prescribed dose of 1,350 mg of GC twice daily and the CSE group received orally 10 mg twice daily of CSE in a 180-day intervention.

According to the results from the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the WOMAC score of the CSE group decreased by 22.44% and 70.29% on Days 30 and 180, respectively, compared to 14.80% and 32.81% decrease in the GC group.

Similarly, the GC also showed a decrease in pain score compared to the CSE group without inducing any adverse effect.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "The use of 10 mg CSE, twice daily, was effective in reducing pain related to moderate knee OA and can be potentially used in the management of knee pain, stiffness, and physical functions related to OA".


In order to reveal additional information about the anti-inflammatory properties of cucumber, researchers examined the antioxidant effect on cucurbitacins (Cub), a major compound found in the fruit.

Compared to grape-seed extract, wheat, alfalfa, and ginkgo biloba extracts, CuB showed a broad spectrum radical-scavenging capacity.


CuB exerted a similar activity to that of the aforementioned study by inhibiting the expression of TNF in macrophages and lymphocytes and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric-oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2.

Collectively, Dr. Adebowale Bernard Saba, the lead scientist wrote," It is general knowledge among researchers working with natural medicinal products that any of the cucurbitacins have the attributes or the potential to become fully patented as anti-inflammatory...drug".

Taken together, cucumber processed abundantly amount of CuB may be used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of CuB in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effectiveness of Cucumis sativus extract versus glucosamine-chondroitin in the management of moderate osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial by Nash RJ1, Azantsa BK2, Sharp H1, Shanmugham V. (PubMed)
(2) Search for a novel antioxidant, anti-inflammatory/analgesic, or anti-proliferative drug: Cucurbitacins hold the ace by Adebowale Bernard Saba and Olayinka Oridupa. (Research Gate)
(3) Most Common Disease of Elder: The Clinical Trials and Studies of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Do and Do not’s List by Kyle J. Norton.

#Chastetreeberry is Comparable to #Bromocriptine for Reducing Serum Prolactin Levels and Ameliorating Cyclic Mastalgia, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Hyperprolinemia is a condition characterized by overexpression of the level of prolactin in the blood produced by the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland.

Normally, the expression of the hormone prolactin is to enhance breast development during pregnancy and to induce lactation.
In non-pregnant women, elevated levels of prolactin can disrupt the normal menstrual period in women, causing the complication of infertility, abnormal lactation, amenorrhea, irregular periods, breast pain, and painful sexual intercourse.

The most common cause of the onset of hyperlactatemia is the result of the growth of a tumor on the pituitary gland. Most cases of the pituitary gland are noninvasive, however, if the tumor is growing large enough, it can suppress the nearby nerve cells, causing headaches and vision problems.

Some researchers suggested the syndrome can also be caused by long-term use of certain medications.
Dr. Daria La Torre, the lead author in the study "Pharmacological causes of hyperprolactinemia" said, "Several drugs may determine a significant increase in prolactin serum concentration that is frequently associated with symptoms. The so-called typical antipsychotics are frequently responsible for drug-related hyperprolactinemia"

And, "Risperidone is one of the atypical neuroleptics most likely to induce hyperprolactinemia, while other atypical drugs are infrequently and only transiently associated with increase of prolactin levels" and "Antidepressant drugs with serotoninergic activity, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) and some tricyclics, can cause hyperprolactinemia.".

Therefore, if you are taking the above medication, please make sure you discuss the problem with your doctor.

In fact, some women experience the syndrome of hyperprolactinemia with unknown causes.

The most common conventional treatment targets the symptoms and reduces the size of the tumor. The unknown causes of hyperprolactinemia are treated with synthetic thyroid hormone.

Medication used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia includes Medical treatment of dopamine agonists (DA): bromocriptine, lisuride, quinagolide, and cabergoline. And in over 80% of cases, these drugs induce normal prolactinoma and ovulatory cycles.

If you are taking one of these medications for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, please make you know all the side effects

Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region,.

The plant has been used in herbal medicine for thousands of years as an anaphrodisiac herb and is considered a Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts by taking it for a prolonged period of time.

There was a report that chaste tree berry stems and leaves were used by women as bedding "to cool the heat of lust" during the time of the Thesmophoria.

With an aim to reaffirm the traditional use of Vitex agnus-castus L. (chaste tree; chaste berry for the treatment of a range of female reproductive conditions in Anglo-American and European practice, researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology-University conducted an experiment to examine the effect of the herbal medicine in women with premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and latent hyperprolactinemia.

The search based on the Cochrane risk of bias and Jadad scales on the database of medical literature identifies 13 Thirteen randomized, controlled trials and twelve are included in this review, of which eight investigated premenstrual syndrome, two premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and two latent hyperprolactinemia.

Application of the Vitex agnus-castus in latent hyperprolactinemia suggested that the herbal medicine is superior compared to placebo for reducing TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion, normalizing a shortened luteal phase, increasing mid-luteal progesterone and 17β-oestradiol levels.

And Vitex is comparable to bromocriptine for reducing serum prolactin levels and ameliorating cyclic mastalgia. Adverse events with Vitex were mild and generally infrequent.

These results indicated, Vitex extracts in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and latent hyperprolactinemia.

Furthermore, Dr, Milewicz A, in the finding natural medicine with no side effect in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia conducted a randomized double-blind study vs. placebo to evaluate the efficacy of a Vitex agnus castus preparation (Strotan capsules) vs. placebo.

The clinical study involved 52 women with luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia.

The participants were given a daily dose of one capsule (20 mg) of Vitex agnus castus preparation and a placebo.

In the assessment of the blood for hormonal analysis taken at days 5-8 and day 20 of the menstrual cycle before and after three months of therapy.

Women who received the Vitex agnus castus preparation showed a reduction of prolactin release after 3 months.

The shortened luteal phases of these women were normalized and deficits in the luteal progesterone synthesis were eliminated.

These changes were significant and occurred only in the Vitex group.

Side effects were not seen during the experiment and two women treated with the Vitex agnus castus preparation got pregnant.


Taken together, Chaste tree berry (Vitex agnus-castus) may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.




Sources(1) Vitex agnus-castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials by van Die MD1, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM.(PubMed)
(2) [Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia. Results of a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study].[Article in German] by Milewicz A1, Gejdel E, Sworen H, Sienkiewicz K, Jedrzejak J, Teucher T, Schmitz H.(PubMed)
(3) Pharmacological causes of hyperprolactinemia by bDaria La Torre and Alberto Falorni. (PMC)