#Herbal #Cat's claw Exerts a Positive Effect by Alleviating Pain in Osteoarthritis(OA) Patients

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural herb, namely Cat's claw in suppressing the onset of osteoarthritis without inducing any adverse effects, some studies suggested.

Osteoarthritis is a group of diseases involving progressive degeneration of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.

According to statistics, osteoarthritis(OA) is one of the most common forms of arthritis disorder, affecting adults 60 years of age or older in the United States.

Approximately, over 25 million of the US population who are adults 60 years of age or older are infected by symptomatic knee OA, including 10% of men and 13% of women.

However, according to University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in the knee, hip, and hand joints.

Conventional medicine, today in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments without mentioning how to cure the disease.

There is evidence suggesting that the disease is associated with inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints. But what causes the chronic inflammation of osteoarthritis is debatable?

Some researchers suggested that the process of wear and repair, nutrient deficiency,......and overload and damage of cartilage due to aging or damage are the possible actual cause of osteoarthritis.


The severity symptoms of osteoarthritis, according to experts include pain in joints of the hand, knee and hip, and spine. If you experience the above symptoms, you may already have osteoarthritis.

Cat's claw found in the tropical jungles of South and Central America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to the family Rubiaceae.

The specific herbal medicine has been used in traditional medicine for over two thousand years as a tonic, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, and infectious agent, and to treat diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne, diabetes, cancer, and diseases of the urinary tract, etc.

In the study to understand the effect of Cat's claw isolated active compounds against the pivotal molecular targets involved in inflammation and the joint destruction process and in summarized their 's claw toxicities and efficacy, researchers at the Case Western Reserve University, showed that application of herbal Cat's claw exerts a positive effect in alleviation pain with no adverse effect(1).

Dr. Akhtar N, the lead author after taking account of other co and confounders said, " (Although) Limited in vitro and in vivo evidence is available for cat's claw and Indian olibanum,... There is strong clinical evidence of the effectiveness of devil's claw in pain reduction" and " No serious side effects have been reported for any..... herbs" (1).

According to the study of "Devil's claw extract as an example of the effectiveness of herbal analgesics", Doloteffin (extraction solvent water) a botany herbal preparation included extracted with 60% ethanol of Cat's claw have a proven effectiveness similar to those of conventional painkiller or synthetic analgesics for treatment painful lower back or arthritic pain(2).


Dr. Chrubasik S. at Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Freiburg, said, " From an evidence-based view, extract with at least 50 mg harpagoside in the daily dose should be recommended for the treatment of pain" and "Treatment with devil's claw extract is associated with a lower risk of adverse events than treatment with synthetic analgesics, and may contribute in the majority of patients to the relief of pain"(2).

This effectiveness may coincide with the use of the herb in herbal medicine for thousands of years in treating disorders such as arthritis, gastritis, and osteoarthritis(3).

Truly, The mechanisms of a cat's claw in the treatment of osteoarthritis were attributed to the antioxidants and its inhibition of TNF-alpha.

Tumor necrosis factor α is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation that protects our body against foreign organism infection in acute phase reaction.

Unfortunately, the study in reviews the database by the University of Southampton, raised the question of the methodological quality of the existing clinical trials and suggested that clinical evidence to date cannot provide a definitive answer to the two questions posed, although these trials may provide certain supports for the effectiveness of the herb(4).
* Does it work?
* And (2) is it safe?

Taken together, Cat's Claw may have a profound and substantial effect similar to those of conventional medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin, naproxen (Aleve), and ibuprofen in ameliorated osteoarthritis pain with little or no side effects(3).

However, intake of Cat's Claw supplement only is prescribed by herbalists as an overdose may cause acute liver toxicity.


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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


References
(1) Current nutraceuticals in the management of osteoarthritis: a review by Akhtar N1, Haqqi TM. (PubMed)
(2) [Devil's claw extract as an example of the effectiveness of herbal analgesics].[Article in German]
by Chrubasik S.(PubMed)
(3) Cat's claw: an Amazonian vine decreases inflammation in osteoarthritis by Hardin SR. (PubMed)
(4) Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) as a treatment for osteoarthritis: a review of efficacy and safety by Brien S1, Lewith GT, McGregor G.(PubMed)
(5) Osteoarthritis by Kyle J. Norton

#Ginger Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Chronic Ethanol Exposure, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Intake of one or 2 slices of ginger daily and regularly may have a strong effect in stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes in the body against the onset of oxidative stress, scientists found.
Oxidative stress is a result of the overexpression of free radicals, compared to the levels of antioxidants in the body.

Free radicals are a highly reactive and unstable atom with the unpaired electron on the outer ring of the molecules, therefore, in order to become stable, they must donate or steal an electron from other stable molecules, leading to the chain activity that can not be stopped until they are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

There are many factors associated with the production of free radicals, including the food we eat, the medicines we take, the air we breathe and the water we drink.

In other words, free radicals can be generated by alcohol, tobacco smoke, pesticides, and air pollutants.

Antioxidants are stable atoms that inhibit oxidation caused by free radicals.

Some researchers suggested the prolonged presence of oxidative stress can cause damage to the cells, proteins, and alteration of DNA, leading to chronic diseases.

Dr. Eiichiro Ichiishi and colleagues in the concern of the effects of oxidative stress on the risks of diseases showed that oxidative stress not only has a strong implication in the development of diseases but also affects the outcome throughout the course of organ transplantation.
Additionally, the team wrote, "Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury emerges in various clinical settings as a great problem complicating the course and outcome".

"Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a genetic disorder in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) with severe neurological disorders, in which oxidative stress and disturbed melatonin metabolism may be involved".

"Renal transplantation has been considered the best therapeutic option for end-stage renal disease,...determine the effect of renal transplantation on the evolution of oxidative DNA status,".

"Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for the development or deterioration of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Smoke-induced increased generation of reactive oxygen species may be involved".

These results indicated the important roles of antioxidants which inhibited the oxidative stress before they can cause a wide range of damage to the human body.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

With an aim to find the best possible antioxidative stress natural ingredient or whole food, researchers examined the protective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract on IL-1β-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis in C28I2 human chondrocytes.

The cells were pretreated with 5 and 25 μg/mL ginger extract for 24 h, followed by incubation with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 h.

At the end of the study, ginger extract demonstrated a significant effect in the inhibition of IL-1β-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation.

Ginger extract pretreatment also remarkably increased the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes.

The elevated levels of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 involved cell apoptosis were also normalized by the application of ginger extract.

The finding clearly indicated ginger extract could considerably reduce IL-1β-induced oxidative stress and consequent mitochondrial apoptosis as the major mechanisms of chondrocyte cell death and the efficacy was attributed to its antioxidant activity.

In pulmonary abnormalities tested mice induced by chronic ethanol exposure, researchers evaluated whether ginger extract mitigated pulmonary abnormalities induced by ethanol in rats.

The study included male Wistar rats divided into the control group, the ethanol group, and the ethanol plus ginger extract group.

The ethanol group after six-week of treatments increased the proliferation of lung cells, and induced fibrosis, inflammation, and leukocyte infiltration.

The levels of -hydroxydeoxyguanosine, NADPH oxidase, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were also found to increase substantially in the ethanol-treated group.

Application of ginger extract normalized such changes by inhibiting the oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Taken altogether, ginger extract may be considered a natural antioxidative stress ingredient by enhancing the production of antioxidants and protecting the body against inflammation.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(2) Protective Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extract against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Induced by Interleukin-1β in Cultured Chondrocytes by Hosseinzadeh A1, Bahrampour Juybari K, Fatemi MJ, Kamarul T, Bagheri A, Tekiyehmaroof N, Sharifi AM. (PubMed)
(3) Ginger extract attenuates ethanol-induced pulmonary histological changes and oxidative stress in rats by Shirpoor A1, Gharalari FH2, Rasmi Y3, Heshmati E4. (PubMed)
(4) Oxidative Stress and Diseases: Clinical Trials and Approaches by Eiichiro Ichiishi, 1 , * Xiao-Kang Li, 2 and Eugenio L. Iorio. (PubMed)

#HealthyFood #Cucumber's Cucurbitacin B (CuB) Processes Anti #AlcoholToxicity Induced Liver Damage, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Alcohol toxicity is a result of excessive consumption of alcohol that leads to alcohol poisoning.
People with a high level of blood alcohol may experience symptoms of confusion, unresponsiveness, and disorientation.
If severe cases, patients may lose conscientiousness or go into a coma.

Long-term excessive alcohol consumption may cause liver damage, leading to the symptoms of jaundice, cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.

Some people may experience symptoms of alcohol withdrawal symptoms after a day of heavy drinking day. Depending on the body's response, some people may experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms as early as two hours after the last drink.

However, most people may experience the symptoms as soon as they wake up after a night of sleep. The symptoms will peak within the first 24 to 48 hours.

The most common alcohol withdrawal symptoms are a rapid heartbeat changes in blood pressure, sweating, tremors, and fever.

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae and native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a natural compound that processes anti-alcoholic toxicity, researchers investigated the heat-treated cucumber juice's protective effect on blood alcohol levels and hepatic alcohol metabolic enzyme system in experimental rats.

The study included alcoholic toxicity rats orally dosed with 22% alcohol (6ml/kg body weight) along with different concentrations of heat-treated cucumber juice (10, 100, and 500mg/kg) and commercial goods for hangover-removal on sale (2ml/kg).


According to the tested results, after 7h, all concentrations of heat-treated cucumber remarkably reduced the blood alcohol levels.

Furthermore, levels of dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activities associated with detoxicity in rat liver at 9h after alcohol administration were also increased in the treated rats.

The effect of heat-treated cucumber juice on alcohol detoxification was observed only in the rats treated before 30min from alcohol administration may be involved in stimulated blood alcohol metabolism.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "These findings indicate that heat-treated cucumber juice has a significant protective effect on alcohol detoxification in experimental rats, suggesting its usefulness in the treatment of the liver injury caused by alcohol consumption".

Taken altogether, heat-treated cucumber may be used for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic toxicity, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective effect of heat-treated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) juice on alcoholdetoxification in experimental rats by Bajpai VK1, Kim NH2, Kim JE3, Kim K4, Kang SC. (PubMed)
(2) NADPH-dependent reductases involved in the detoxification of reactive carbonyls in plants by Yamauchi Y1, Hasegawa A, Taninaka A, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. (PubMed)

#AlphaTocopherols Inhibit the Increased Renal mRNA Levels of Calnexin Against the Onset of #ChronicKidneyDisease (CKD) to End-Stage #RenalDisease

Kyle J. Norton

The kidneys are a pair of kidney-shaped organs located on either side of your spine with the function to filter out the wastes from the blood before passing the wastes through urinary secretion.
More than a detoxed organ, the kidneys also maintain the body fluid balance, regulate the production of red blood cells and high blood pressure.

Kidney damage can be acute such as an overdose of toxin or chronic. Acute kidney diseases can be cured if the underlying cause is found.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slow and progressive disease that can lead to kidney failure over time.

At the advanced of CKD can cause the dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes build up in the body.

Renal protection is a strategy that protects the kidney against injury or damage. In other words, renal protection is a process that maintains the function of the kidneys.

Depending on the severity of renal damage, patients may experience symptoms of decreased urine output, fluid retention, that lead to swelling in the legs, ankles or feet, fatigue, nausea, and physical weakness

In severe cases, patients may also have symptoms of shortness of breath, confusion, and irregular heartbeat.

The worse cases of kidney damage can lead to renal failure, a condition that induces wastes and toxins to accumulate in the blood. In this stage, dialysis and kidney transplant are the only options.

According to statistics, approximately 14 percent of the US general population suffers from CKD. Believe it or not, more than 661,000 Americans have kidney failure. Of these, 468,000 individuals are on dialysis, and roughly 193,000 live with a functioning kidney transplant.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

In finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of kidney diseases, researchers examined the pretreatment effect of alpha-tocopherol against oxidative renal tubular damage and subsequent carcinogenesis by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in rats.

According to the tested analysis, injection of Fe-NTA in rats fed a standard diet showed an increase of renal mRNA levels of calnexin significantly in 3 hours of treatment associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease.
After the injection of alpha-tocopherol, the levels of renal calnexin mRNA levels were decreased, without altering the protein levels.

In LLC-PK1 cells, the addition of alpha-tocopherol showed strong protective activity against oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

Furthermore, alpha-tocopherol-induced N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 was involved in kidney cancer suppression in the tested mice.

Moreover, alpha-tocopherol modifies glycoprotein metabolism and partially induced cancer and inflammation by conferring mild ER stress in the protection against kidney cell damage.


Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of kidney damage, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Alpha-tocopherol induces calnexin in renal tubular cells: another protective mechanism against free radical-induced cellular damage by Lee WH1, Akatsuka S, Shirase T, Dutta KK, Jiang L, Liu YT, Onuki J, Yamada Y, Okawa K, Wada Y, Watanabe A, Kohro T, Noguchi N, Toyokuni S. (PubMed)

#Potato Protein Hydrolysate #APPH Inhibits the Elevated Levels of Fibrosis Markers Associated with Liver Damage Induced Fibrosis, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Fibrosis is a condition characterized by overly exuberant wound healing causing excessive connective tissue builds up in the organ tissues In other words, hepatic fibrosis is a portion of the liver which was affected by scar formation.

The exact causes of fibrosis are unknown. However, certain risk factors such as repeated liver injury caused by a virus infection, and a blockage in the bile ducts are found to elaborate on the onset of fibrosis.

The 2 most common types of fibrosis in the human body are
* Renal fibrosis is a progressive condition caused by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix including collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins which provided structural and biochemical support surrounding the renal cells during aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

According to the statistics, CKD and renal fibrosis affect approximately half of the adults aged 70 and over and 10% of the world's population.

In other words, renal fibrosis is a direct consequence caused by the inability of the kidney to regenerate after injury, leading to the formation of renal scars that results in a progressive loss of renal function.

Most cases of renal fibrosis ultimately lead to end-stage renal failure and a need for dialysis or kidney transplantation.

* Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease due to liver scars overwhelmingly building up in the connective tissue in the liver.

A severe case of hepatic fibrosis can lead to cirrhosis, affecting the liver function in filtering the blood. In the US, over 4.5 million people are affected by liver cirrhosis, leading to the death of 12/100,000 of the population every year.

The most common causes of liver fibrosis are excessive alcohol drinking and infection by the hepatitis virus.

Long-term untreated liver fibrosis can lead to cirrhosis, a condition of severe scarring of the liver and life-threatening liver disease.

Potato is the genus Solanum, belongs to the family Solanaceae. the root veggie is a good source of protein.
According to the statistic, the annual diet of an average global citizen is about 33 kg (72.6 Lbs) of potatoes. Potato now is growing worldwide in a suitable climate for commercial profits and health benefits, thus its consumption is extremely variable and rapidly changing.

In finding a potential plant that processes anti-fibrotic activity researchers examined the effect of APPH, a potato protein hydrolysate on a high-fat diet (HFD) associated liver damage.

The study included six-week-old male hamsters that were randomly separated into six groups (n = 8) as control, HFD (HFD fed obese), L-APPH (HFD + 15 mg/kg/day of APPH), M-APPH (HFD + 30 mg/kg/day), H-APPH (HFD + 75 mg/kg/day of APPH) and PB (HFD + 500 mg/kg/day of probucol) with HFD fed hamsters were administered with APPH 50 days through oral gavage.

According to the results of the analysis,* Hamsters fed with a high-fat diet showed symptoms of liver damage as measured from serum stress markers like alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels.
* Furthermore, HFD also modulated the expression of survival and apoptosis proteins in the hamster liver.

* Moreover, the HFD groups showed elevated levels of fibrosis markers in the liver correlated with the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK1/2) induced liver cell differentiation in the HFD-mediated liver damage.

* The administration of a 50-day-long supplementation of APPH effectively ameliorated the effects of HFD.

* APPH treatment reduced the effect of HFD on the apoptosis and fibrosis markers considerably and provided hepato-protection.

Collectively, researchers said, "APPH can, therefore, be considered as an efficient therapeutic agent to ameliorate high-fat diet-related liver damages".

Taken together, potatoes may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis and damage induced fibrosis, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protein hydrolysate from potato confers hepatic-protection in hamsters against high-fat diet-induced apoptosis and fibrosis by suppressing Caspase-3 and MMP2/9 and by enhancing Akt-survival pathway by Asokan SM1,2, Hung TH3, Li ZY3, Chiang WD4, Lin WT. (PubMed)

#Herbal #Ashwagandha's #Withaferin A (WA) Gobbles Up Human Head and Neck Cancer Cells Involving Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis In Vitro

Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a group of diseases associated with cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the tissue of a specific organ. Over time cancer can become progressively worse and damage other healthy tissues.
Most cases of cancer start in the cells on the surface in the inner lining tissue of a specific organ, before traveling a distance away to affect other nearby tissue and organ.

Head and neck cancer is a class of cancer including the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.

Most cases of head and neck cancer start in the cell of the inner lining of the affected tissue. Patients with head and neck cancer at the very early stage are asymptomatic due to the very small size of the tumor.

However, at the later stage, the cancer cell can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

The exact causes of head and neck cancer are not identified. However, researchers found that excessive alcohol intake, smoking, infected by the HPV virus, poor oral health, race, long-term exposure to wood dust are prevalent factors associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer.

Dr. Kazuhiro Kobayashi in the investigation of the risk of HPV on head and neck cancer (HNC) wrote, " Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of HNSCCs. It is now widely accepted that high-risk HPV is a cause of almost all cervical cancers as well as some forms of HNSCCs. HPV-related HNSCCs are increasing".

Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered an anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

In finding a potent compound for the treatment of cancers, researchers examined the apoptotic activity of methanol extract of Ashwagandha (MEAG) and in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells.

In vitro, human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells treated by MEAG showed dose-dependent growth-inhibitory activity involved in caspase-dependent apoptosis.

The inhibition of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was attributed to inducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane, and the release of cytochrome c, accompanied by the activation of caspase 9 the apoptotic pathway.


Furthermore, Bim, truncated Bid (t-Bid), cleaved caspase-8, and death receptor 5 (DR5), associated with pro-apoptotic activity also a significant increase upon the injection of MEAG.

Moreover, the major constituent withaferin A (WA), which is a bioactive component of MEAG, also expressed similar effects to those of MEAG.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " MEAG and WA may be potential natural materials for the treatment of HNSCC.".

Taken together, Ashwagandha may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), pending the result of larger sample size and multicenter study

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anticancer activity of Ashwagandha against human head and neck cancer cell lines by Lee HE1, Shin JA1, Jeong JH2, Jeon JG3, Lee MH4, Cho SD. (PubMed)
(2) Withaferin A induces apoptosis through the generation of thiol oxidation in human head and neck cancer cells by Park JW1, Min KJ2, Kim DE1, and Kwon TK. (PubMed)
(3) A Review of HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer by Kazuhiro Kobayashi,1 Kenji Hisamatsu,1 Natsuko Suzui,1 Akira Hara,1,2 Hiroyuki Tomita,2,* andTatsuhiko Miyazaki. (PMC)

#Tomatoes Enhance the Immune System Against Bacterial and Ciral in the Acute Phase of #Infection, Researchers Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Carrots and tomatoes and their major bioactive carotenoids may have a profound and positive effect in boosting immunity, some scientists suggested.

The results of the studies were carried out by a number of institutes in numbers of different differentiation, including the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, and the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition.

You can also view the abstract by clicking the links in the resources.

Immunity is a natural defense of an organism with an aim to protect the host to resist a particular infection or toxin through an expression of antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

Carrot, a root vegetable with orange color is a sub spice of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to the family Solanaceae, native to South America.

Because of their health benefits, tomato is grown worldwide for commercial purpose and often in a greenhouse.

In the investigation of the effect of beta-carotene has been shown to enhance immune functions in humans, the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition launched a study to examine whether vegetables rich in carotenoids, such as beta-carotene or lycopene, exert any modulation of immune function in healthy humans.

The blinded, randomized, cross-over study, included male subjects on a low-carotenoid diet who consumed 330 ml/day of either tomato juice(37.0 mg/day lycopene) or carrot juice (27.1 mg/day beta-carotene and 13.1 mg/day alpha-carotene) for 2 weeks with a 2-week depletion period after juice intervention.

Epidemiological studies suggested that consuming carotenoids from food sources may provide a variety of health benefits including a reduced incidence of cancers, risk of cardiovascular disease, and improved eye health,.......

Reading of the immune status was assessed by measuring the related activity of natural killer (NK) cells, secretion of cytokines ( IL-2, IL-4, TNFalpha), and proliferation by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells((T cells, B cells, NK cells).

Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cells formed as a component of the innate immune system with function in inhibited microorganisms infected cells.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a type of inflammatory cytokine with a function as a signaling molecule in the immune system to protect the body against bacterial and viral in the acute phase of infection.


Interleukin-4 (IL-4) activated by lymphoid cells is the inflammatory cytokine critical for initiating humoral immunity against extracellular pathogens.

Both Interleukin-2 and 4 (IL-2 and 4 ) play an important role in chronic inflammation and wound repair.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) including, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation during the acute phase of infection?

At the end of the experiment, researchers found that
* Both juices treated participants demonstrate relatively fast responses in plasma carotenoid concentrations (p < 0.0002) without inducing concomitant changes in immune functions.
* Intake of both tomato and carrot juice displays a significant activity of immunity in the production of IL-2, NK cell cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation with maximum responses observed during depletion periods.

* Compared to the secretion of other inflammatory cytokines, TNF alpha exerts only at the end of the first intervention period.

* During the course of innervation, both juices show insignificant effects in modulating the secretion of IL-4.

These results suggested that lower plasma carotenoid concentrations in the bloodstream may reduce the immune function in response to diseases caused by bacterial and viral infection, particularly in the acute phase.

Occasional intake of tomato and carrot juice does not enhance body immunity, due to its function in time-delayed modulation of immune functions and its degradation caused by a number of factors, including heat, light, oxygen, acid, transition metal, or interactions with radical species.

The conclusion truly addressed the importance of carotenoids in modulated immune response in the protection of body injury or damage during the acute phase of infection through inhibiting pro-inflammatory expression in the induction of cytotoxity and damage to nearby healthy cells.

Further to reaffirm the effects of the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables on the immune system, the Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition conducted a study of 23 non-smokers, male subjects, who were not restricted in their daily diet, except that they had to abstain from fruit and vegetables high in carotenoids throughout the whole study period with blood collected weekly from subjects after a 12 h fast.

The study was also divided into four periods, each lasting 2 weeks:
* Weeks 1-2: low-carotenoid period;

* Daily consumption of 330 ml tomato juice (40 mg lycopene/d, 1.5 mg beta-carotene/d) (weeks 3-4),

* 330 ml carrot juice (21.6 mg beta-carotene/d, 15.7 mg alpha-carotene/d, 0.5 mg lutein/d) (weeks 5-6)

* 10 g dried spinach powder (11.3 mg lutein/d, 3.1 mg beta-carotene/d) (weeks 7-8).

According to the assessment of T-lymphocyte and secretion of immunoreactive cytokines, lower concentration due to consumption of a low-carotenoid diet exerted a significantly reduced proliferation of function immune system observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with concanavalin A.

At the end of the first 2 weeks of tomato juice consumption and until the end of the intervention period, researchers found that intake of tomato juice with abundant carotenoids induced insignificant change in lymphocyte proliferation compared to concentration at the end of the depletion period.

Similarly, the experiment also exerted a strong immune modulated effect in the assessment of the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and -4).

The dietary intervention improved the IL-2 and IL-4 secretion values. however, the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were significantly suppressed after the low-carotenoid diet.

The results at the end of the period also expressed the similarity of other studies " After carrot juice and spinach powder consumption the cytokine secretion capacity of PBMC was not significantly different from that at the end of the depletion period".

Dr. Watzl B, the lead author after taking into account other co and confounders said, "The results of the present study indicate that a low-carotenoid diet reduces T-lymphocyte functions and the addition of tomato juice restores these functions".

The unexplained changes in the plasma carotenoid concentrations probably severed as an indication that other phytochemicals or other mechanisms in tomato and carrot juice may have a strong implication in modulated immune response other than the cytokine secretion capacity of PBMC.

Taken together, tomato and carrot juice and their bioactive carotenoids may be considered as functional foods in boosting immune function against foreign organisms, particularly, in the acute phase of infection.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Supplementation of a low-carotenoid diet with tomato or carrot juice modulates immune functions in healthy men by Watzl B1, Bub A, Briviba K, Rechkemmer G(PubMed)
(2) Modulation of human T-lymphocyte functions by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables by Watzl B1, Bub A, Brandstetter BR, Rechkemmer G.(PubMed)
(3) Factors influencing the chemical stability of carotenoids in foods by Boon CS1, McClements DJ, Weiss J, Decker EA(PubMed)