#Greentea and Its #Quercetin Inhibit ProinflammatoryCytokines Associated with an Increased Risk #IntestinalIschemia, Scientists Show

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of intestinal ischemia, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long-term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, inducing "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weakened immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Intestinal ischemia is a serious medical condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the
intestines.

In the evaluated 3 groups of male rats randomly assigned to Group I (ischemia-reperfusion, I/R) underwent I/R of the intestine (30 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion). Group II (green tea + I/R) was given green tea for 2 wk before inducing I/R. In Group III (control) with sham I/R, researchers found that the injection of the green tea group showed an impressive restoration of intestinal mucosa in compared to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group.

In observation of cellular antioxidant profile (superoxide dismutase and catalase), the green tea group expressed a significant improvement of antioxidants similarly to those of group III and in compared to group II.


The expressions of cellular proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67) in regulated intestinal cell division and proliferation were also increased by green tea application.

The above illustration indicated that long-term intake of green tea injection may exhibit strong protection against the intestinal mucosa from injury.

Further differentiation of the effect of Quercetin, the bioactive substance of tea against experimental ischemia- reperfusion (IR) injury of the small intestine in rats, found that quercetin administrated intraperitoneally 30min before 1h ischemia of superior mesenteric artery with following reperfusion periods lasting 1, 4 and 24h significant decreases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme in the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi in the expression of normal cell apoptosis only during 24h of reperfusion in a late phase of IR injury in comparison with the control group.


According to the observation of the morphology of COX-2 positive cells, COX-2 positivity was found particularly in goblet cells with a function in secreting the main component of mucus. of the intestinal villi epithelium and enteroendocrine cells found in the wall of the gut that secrete hormones that regulate glucose levels, food intake, and stomach emptying respectively, in the glandular epithelium in the group I mice in compared to significantly lesser levels in green tea group.



Dr. Tóth Š, the lead author of the joint study said," quercetin application attenuated mucosal damage from IR injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration which was demonstrated by a lower number of myeloperoxidase positive cells in the lamina propria".

In another similar study with male-specific pathogen-free (SPF) Charles River Wistar rats were used in the experiment with quercetin administered intraperitoneally 30min before 1h ischemia of superior mesenteric artery with following 24h lasting reperfusion period., researchers at the joint study lead by the Pavol Jozef Safarik University, also indicated that application of quercetin increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 observed by analysis of the blood sample and jejunal tissue and in the number of CD68-positive cells in the lamina propria mucosae (p<0.001) in initiation of production of new blood vessels growth and inflammatory cytokines in compared to control group.


Dr. Curgali K, the lead author, after taking into account other con-founders, said, "the preventive application of quercetin before induction of jejunal IRI stimulates faster jejunal mucosa restoration and it seems to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects" and "CD68-positive macrophages could have a crucial role in this process since they work as both growth factor and cytokine producers".


Taken together, green tea with abundant bioactive phytochemicals such as quercetin may be considered as a functional food with reduced risk and prevented the onset of intestinal ischemia. People with a high risk of the development of intestinal ischemia may consider to add 1 or 2 cups of green tea to their daily diet.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Protective effects of green tea on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by Abdeen SM1, Mathew TC, Dashti HM, Asfar S.(PubMed)
(2) Quercetin attenuates the ischemia reperfusion induced COX-2 and MPO expression in the small intestine mucosa by Tóth Š1, Jonecová Z1, Čurgali K1, Maretta M2, Šoltés J1, Švaňa M1, Kalpadikis T1, Caprnda M3, Adamek M4, Rodrigo L5, Kruzliak P6.(PubMed)
(3) Quercetin protects jejunal mucosa from experimental intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by activation of CD68 positive cells by Curgali K1, Toth S1, Jonecova Z1, Maretta M2, Kalpakidis T1, Petriskova I1, Kusnier M1, Soltes J1, Svana M1, Caprnda M3, Delev D4, Rodrigo L5, Mechirova E1, Kruzliak P6.(PubMed)

Some Theories of #SkinAging

Kyle J. Norton

Aging in a natural process is getting old.
Biologically, the process may also be characterized by ceased dividing (cellular senescence) of single cells within an organism.

Skin aging is one of most visible process which occurs constantly in our skin organ

Theories of aging
What causes aging? This question has been asked throughout human history, but it doesn't seem to get any answer but raises many more unanswered questions. While many theories try to answer the question by relating aging to tear and wear of the body, others deal with how the organs and systems in the body develop and deteriorate over time, etc.


1. Somatic mutation theory
In this theory, aging is due to our inherited genes that come directly from our parents. Since conception occurred, our body cells continue to divide and replication themselves. Since division and replication are a lifelong precess at some point, for whatever reason, if cells division and replication can process incorrectly, leading to mutation of the incorrect copy of DNA. Although the cause of this incorrect process is unknown, researchers found that exposures to toxins, radiation or ultraviolet light, artificial ingredients, unhealthy lifestyle, etc. can increase the risk of cells mutation and the cells copied incorrectly can mutate themselves, leading to accumulation of incorrect gene cells that trigger a chain reaction of an auto-catalytic nature in producing more and more incorrect gene cell, until it finally is brought under controlled, this processes can lead to aging. As an organism, the immune system tries to destroy or scavenge these mutated genes but at some points, it is overwhelming, leading to chronic age-related diseases.

2. Error catastrophe theory
The error catastrophe of aging was originally proposed by Leslie Orgel in 1963. Our body's immune system helps to maintain the structural integrity of DNA not only for cell survival but also for the transfer of correct genetic information to the daughter cells. Error catastrophe indicated that alterations DNA and the incorrect placement of amino acids in protein synthesis could result in a progressive degradation aging as a result of these abnormal protein are no longer functioning as chemical passengers or signalers.

3. Protein glycosylation
Protein glycosylation is a result of the chemical reaction of glucose with various proteins, including enzymes, elastin, and collagen in the blood. The cross-linked protein glycosylation leads to cell-to-cell adhesion causing stiffness and rigidity of individual cells, reducing the cells' function in taking nutrients and expelling waste.
If the cross-link protein glycosylation occurs in the elastin and collagen, it will cause brittle skin, causing aging, but if it happens in the organs it will be more serious and sometimes life-threatening.

4. The neuroendocrine theory
First proposed by Professor Vladimir Dilman and Ward Dean MD, this theory postulates on wear and tear of the neuroendocrine system. In the neuroendocrine system, the master pituitary gland secrets hormones to direct other glands in secreting their hormones and works conjunction with the hypothalamus glands to form a command post in the nervous system in closely directing the function of most of the body functions.

but as we age, the hypothalamus loses its ability as a hormone regulator as its receptors which uptake other gland hormones become less sensitive to them, including sex hormones, DHEA, serotonin, melatonin, etc.
As for cortisol, a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands due to stress, is produced with abundance as we age.

5. Immune system decline theory
As we age, our immune system is weakening which causes us to become vulnerable to dangerous pathogens, including microbial and viral invasion. Within the immune system, the thymus glands which play an important role in helping the formation of the immune system scavenger reduce the function of the immune system further that allow irregular cell growth cause of aging spots, tumors, cancer, infection, inflammation, and the onset of chronic illness.

6. Genetic programming theory
Genetic programming theory propose that aging is programmed as the cells cycle in our body are also genetic program since their inception. the explanation is that all the cells are undergoing a certain time in the division over the said amount of time before dying, leading to the conclusion that people with the long live genetic program live longer than others who do not.
The theory also emphasizes that genetic diseases as a result of genetic programming diminished life span, regardless of external and internal influences.
Further refinement of the programmed senescence theory was developed by Bernard Strehler, who proposed that as cells are program to perform specific functions within the organism that cause them to lose some of the ability to duplicate their genetic information, leading to aging.

7. Hayflick limit
The Hayflick limit (or Hayflick Phenomena) theory was discovered by Leonard Hayflick and a biologist in 1966. In vitro study, the number of times a fibroblast diploid cell will divide before it stops. The discovery is conferring a major hypothesis if the cell division can prolong in an infinite matter without conditions that cause damage to the cells, then the organism can liver forever.
Exceptions:
Stem cells
Since stem cells can continue to regenerate new cells for the entire lifespan of the organism, without limit, thus constitute a notable exception to the Hayflick limit theory.
Cancer cells
Cancer cells in the biological aspect, have found a way around the limit by becoming a group of immortalized cells produced from cell division that has no limit as to how many times this immortalized cell division might take place.

8. The telomerase theory
The telomerase theory is a continuation of support to the Hayflick limit (or Hayflick Phenomena) theory involved in telomeres and telomerase. Telomeres are the structure at the end of the chromosome. As each time the cell divides, its telomeres are shortened, and at certain length, the cell stops division and goes into senescence.
The experiment shows, the cell senescence can be reversed by controlling the genes of telomerase autocatalytic nature, which in turn, promotes the forever cell division capacity

9. The free radical theory
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and is highly reactive to react with other cells, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, DNA, and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.

10. Other theories
a. Rate of living and lifespan
The rate of living is defined that a bigger organism, the longer it lives with humans is one of the exceptions due to its slower rate of metabolism and lower rate of free radical activity, leading to low levels of age lipid pigment, resulting in a longer life span. Experiments show that there are 100,000 free radicals hit every day in rats, comparing 10, 000 in humans.

b. Caloric restriction
The caloric restriction hypothesis suggested in a study of young rats showed that if a rat is put into a restricted diet and given necessary nutrients, it lives longer than those allowed to eat freely. With the result also the same in the old rat, the theory also suggests eating less may cause fewer toxins in the body that affects the immune system and reduces the risk of hormone change, leading to free radicals caused by aging.

c. Age spots
Age spots are mainly composed of lipofuscin and lip pigment caused by the reaction of free radicals and peroxidation, leading to the formation of age spots, as a result of oxygen species interacting with autophagocytic degradation occurring inside the lysosomes.

d. Protein oxidation
Protein oxidation can affect protein function in normal and pathological processes as a result of postranslation protein being alter by reduce oxygen species (ROS) cause of damage to an enzyme, leading to dysfunction of its role and resulting in aging.

e. Fast track of aging
The theory suggests that there are many diseases and syndromes which can contribute to a faster track to aging.

* Hutchison-Gilford syndrome
It is an extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age. Those born with progeria typically live to thirteen years, although many have been known to live into their late teens and early twenties and rare individuals may even reach their forties due to gene mutation.
*Werner syndrome
It is Adult progeria, a disorder that causes the appearance of premature aging. The syndrome does not develop until they reach puberty and is caused by autosomal recessive disorder due to altering gene on chromosome 8.

f. Altered genes
Alter genes are the work of Friedman and Johnson 1988 " .... the effect of elevated expression of SIR2 in yeast appears to be conserved in C. elegans (Tissenbaum & Guarente 2001) and Drosophila (Rogina & Helfand 2004), and mutations in genes encoding components of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway also extend the lifespan in all four organisms... "
"... It was originally suspected that extension of lifespan by reduced IIS might turn out to be a worm peculiarity. This was because mutations in genes in the IIS pathway can also cause the worms to enter a type of developmental arrest (dauer), normally seen only in response to low food or crowding (Riddle & Albert 1997). Dauer larvae are long-lived, and the long life of IIS mutant adult worms could therefore have been a result of re-expression in the adult of the genes that make the Dauer larva long lived...."
g. Free radical connection
Free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and accumulation of free radical damage over time can cause aging. The theory is first proposed by Denham Harman in the 1950s and in the 1970s extended the idea to implicate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species into the 1970s. A study showed that nutant strains of the roundworm that are more susceptible to free radicals have shortened lifespans, and those with less susceptibility have longer lifespans
If free radical causes damage to the DNA repaired enzymes, it can increase the risk of unrepaired DNA damage, leading protein synthesis incorrectly. In fact, free radicals can inflict damage to all cells in the body such as endocrine glands, leading to decreasing in hormone secretion, resulting in aging and Kupffer cell in the liver, causing endotoxins to accumulate in the blood, leading to more free radicals attacks the immune system, etc.

10. Hormone depletion
The researchers found that if a decrease or absence of the pituitary gland hormones mice is given enough amount of pituitary hormones, it lives longer than a control group of normal mice as it stimulates the production of growth and other hormones such as prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, etc.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.

#Greentea Modulates Lipid Metabolism through Reduced #Hepatic Lipid Content, Abdominal Fat Mass and Abdominal Fat Mass Accumulation

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing abnormal fat metabolism, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long-term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, inducing "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weakened immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Fat metabolism is a biological process that converted lipid intake to energy for the body's needs through breaking down fat into glycerol and fatty acids before being absorbed by the intestines.

In the evaluation of the mechanisms of actions of EGCG on bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism of green tea bioactive polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), researchers conducted a study included male C57BL/6J mice fed with a low-fat diet, a high-fat western-style diet or a high-fat western-style diet containing 0.32% green tea bioactive polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found that at 17 weeks of the experiment, mice group fed with EGCG exhibits a strong effect in reduced body weight gain, mesenteric fat mass, serum cholesterol and severity of fatty liver.

Additional analysis indicated that green tea reduced expression above parameters was a result of significantly elevated mRNA levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase initiated by cholesterol in inhibition of bile acid synthesis in cholesterol metabolism, thus attenuating absorption of lipid.

Injection of green tea EGCG also increased the level of HMG-CoA reductase in inhibited cholesterol synthesis, biliary lipid secretion, and elevated blood cholesterol through activation of low-density lipoprotein receptors which play an important role of limiting step in lipid synthesis.

Moreover, green tea EGCG also elevated scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) with functions as a receptor for high-density lipoprotein in meditating the uptake of HDL-derived cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in the liver as well as modulating and regulating certain pathways and networks involved cellular lipids in biological systems.

Dr. Huang J, the lead scientist in the joint study at the State University of New Jersey, said, "The intestinal bile acid content was significantly decreased by EGCG, while fecal excretion of bile acids, cholesterol, and total lipids was increased" and "EGCG decreases bile acid reabsorption, results in lower intestinal bile acid levels, which further decreased the absorption of lipids".

Further differentiation of the green tea effect to examine the lipid levels associated with obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFD with GT for 12 weeks, a group with green tea extract and HFD expression of a significant alternation of levels of several lipid metabolites observed by the partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot.

The Mice group fed with a high-fat diet demonstrated decreased levels of lysophospholipids (LPLs) (lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylserine) which show a negative correlation with triglyceride hydrolysis and increased fat absorption in compared to normal diet group. These alternations were not found in the mice group fed with HFD plus green tea.

Alternation of lysophospholipid was associated with substantial impact on lysophospholipid metabolism, in the contribution of the onset or progression of obesity.

The restoration of lysophospholipids (LPLs) by green tea extract caused by a long-term high-fat diet may be an indication of how green tea reduced the expression of inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease in obesity.

Interestingly, in the observation of injection of green tea extract in the regulation of hepatic fat metabolism in 36 male chickens fed GTPs at a daily dose of 0, 80, or 160 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks, researchers at the joint study lead by the Anhui Agricultural University, suggested that oral administration of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) significantly improves lipid metabolism through reduced hepatic lipid content and abdominal fat mass and abdominal fat mass accumulation which were correlated to onset and progression of overweight and obesity.

Additionally, the application also expressed a strong effect in the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) which plays an important role in skeletal muscle fatty acid utilization and in regulating growth and reprogramming metabolism, and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) in the modulation of fat cell cycle stages and cytokinesis, thus reducing fat synthesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

More importantly, green tea polyphenol also altered the mRNA levels and enzymatic activities in a suppressed expression of enzymes involved in PUFA in the liver in stimulated lipid synthesis and fat oxidation.

Taken together, green tea containing high amounts of bioactive polyphenols, such as catechins may be considered as a functional food to reduce the onset and progression of overweight and obesity. However, intake of green tea extract should be taken with care as acute liver toxicity has been reported in some cases.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Alleviates Metabolic Abnormality and Fatty Liver by Decreasing Bile Acid and Lipid Absorption in Mice by Huang J1,2, Feng S1,3, Liu A1, Dai Z1,4, Wang H1, Reuhl K5, Lu W6, Yang CS1,2.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of green tea on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet by Nam M1, Choi MS2, Choi JY2, Kim N3, Kim MS3, Jung S1, Kim J1, Ryu DH4, Hwang GS5. (PubMed)
(3) Green tea polyphenols alter lipid metabolism in the livers of broiler chickens through increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase by Huang J1,2, Zhou Y1, Wan B1, Wang Q1, Wan X1,2.(PubMed)
(4) Increase in serum and bile cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase by lovastatin in rats by Yamauchi S1, Linscheer WG, Beach DH.(PubMed)

The Effects of Some Supplements on your Body, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton


The American diet is high in saturated fat, trans fat, and other harmful substances such as sugar, caffeine, pesticides, and additive substances, and less in fruits and vegetables.

These types of harmful substances are toxic.

Our body's detoxifying functions try to get rid of them every day, when they fail it causes disruption of hormone production, damaging our body's detoxification organs and weakening our immune system.

Fortunately, some vitamins and supplements may have profound and therapeutic effects in increasing the function of detox organs in getting rid of them.

1. Vitamins C and A
Vitamin C is an antioxidant and also has a mighty function in increased absorption of nutrient intake.

Without enough vitamin C, food entering our stomach is either wasted or little digested.

Be sure to add vitamin C to your food intake together with vitamin A.
The vitamins also promote a strong immune system, dissolve heavy metals accumulated in our body and prevent the loss of eyesight in elders.

Remember, an overdose of vitamin C can cause diarrhea and vitamin A can induce acute liver toxicity.

2. Be Sure to Have a Balance of Magnesium and Calcium
Mineral deficiency causes our body to pick up other forms of toxic minerals for compensation, leading to the weakening of our tissue and bones.

Unbalanced or deficiency of magnesium and calcium decreases the function of our heart as well as increases the risk of calcium sticking on the arterial wall and arthritis.

3. Vitamin E
Vitamin E promotes the production of sperm and testosterone in men.

In the form of tocopherols and d-alpha tocopherol, the vitamin reduces the accumulation of heavy metals in the brain, increases physical activities and mental sharpness, and decreases the risk of muscular degeneration.

4. Zinc
Zinc is a critical mineral for the prostate gland in men.

A deficiency of zinc not only increases the risk of enlarged prostate and prostate cancer.

Zinc is also a vital mineral in the forming of stomach acid, decreasing the chance of malabsorption syndrome.

5. Iron
A deficiency of iron not only causes anemia but also decreases the production of red blood cells resulting in the depletion of oxygen circulating in the bloodstream, weakening the immune system, and increasing the risk of inflammation and chronic diseases.

6. Vitamin K
Vitamin K found abundant in broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts, is an essential vitamin needed to underline skin membranes.

Without vitamin K our skin becomes less elastic, and dry, leading to an increased risk of forming skin free radicals, wrinkles, and skin diseases.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrition, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.

#GreenTea's Extract and Polyphenols Inhibit the Onset of #LiverFibrosis, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of Liver Fibrosis, some scientists suggested.

Green tea containingmore amount of antioxidants than any drink or food with the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.

Liver fibrosis is a liver disease with excessive accumulation of scar tissue as a result of inflammation and liver cell death

According to Fibro Test, approximately, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 2.8% in a general population aged 40 years or older.

According to the application of a novel bio-nano particle named 'Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract' at the ultrastructural level on 25 adult rats induced liver toxicity by injection of carbon-tetrachloride and ethanol doses for 3 weeks, rats treated with novel substance expressed a significant reduction of nearly 25% of the sub-cellular area infected with hepatic fibrosis.

The efficacy of Chitosan nano-encapsulated green tea extract in decreased liver fibroids was attributed to the antioxidant activity in inhibited the expression of the injected chemicals in induction overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chain reaction to elevated oxidative stress in initiation of liver cell apoptosis.

Observed by scanning electron microscopy, oral administration of novel bio-nano particle also exerted a strong free radical scavengers effect in protected against changes of cell surface structure and surrounding area between the hepatocytes, thus ameliorated risk of collagen deposit to cause liver fibroids.

Moreover, in carbon tetrachloride CCL4 induced fibrotic liver tissues in rat models, treatment of Green Tea Extract (GTE) encapsulated into Chitosan Nanoparties (CS-NPs) revealed that collagen fibers of 250 to 300 nm widths found in the fibrotic liver samples of control group with no treatment were cleared in green tea treatment group.

The effectiveness of GTE is reduced expression of collagen fibers in the liver a was found to correlate to the antioxidant expression in reduced CCL4 in induction of overproduction of free radicals in precipitated liver tissue damage.

Interestingly, in the evaluation of the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats, researchers at the Korea University, indicated that the application of GT inhibited activated HSC-T6, a rat hepatic stellate cell line which is considered as the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis.

The application also attenuated the collagen deposition which is elevated and acted as a biomarker for the progression of liver fibrosis, particularly, in the expression of collagen type 1 formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage, found in the early event in the development of hepatic fibrosis, confirmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content.

Dr. Kim HK, the lead author said, "Green tea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic fibrosis".

Taken together, green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenols may have a therapeutic and pharmaceutical effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of liver fibroid caused by forming of scars as a result of liver damage through antioxidant activity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Effect of Green Tea Extract Encapsulated Into Chitosan Nanoparticles on Hepatic FibrosisCollagen Fibers Assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy in Rat Hepatic Fibrosis Model by Safer AM, Hanafy NA, Bharali DJ, Cui H, Mousa SA.(PubMed)
(2) Quantification of the Healing Effect in Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Chitosan Nano-Encapsulated Green Tea in Rat Model by Safer AM, Sen A, Hanafy NA, Mousa SA. (PubMed)
(3) Antifibrotic effects of green tea on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis by Kim HK1, Yang TH, Cho HY.(PubMed)

The Liver Proptective Activity of #HerbalMedicines, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Detoxification is a natural process in the removal of toxic substances from the human body, mainly carried out by the liver and kidney.

1. Milk thistle(Backed by studies)
Milk thistle, a flowering plant of the daisy family has been traditionally claimed in treating chronic liver disease.

Silymarin, a major bioactive compound isolated from milk thistle exerted significant liver protective effects through liver regeneration, healing liver damage rapidly and preventing accumulation of lipids in the liver via activation of the detoxification system

2. Licorice(Backed by studies)
Licorice is a legume plant and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia.
According to the study by a joint study led by the Capital Medical University, licorice demonstrated liver protective effects by reducing liver toxicity and accelerating the healing of liver injury.

Glycyrrhizin, a major chemical constituent found in licorice processes a strong activity against liver damage and injury through stimulation of fatty acid metabolism and influence detoxification of xenobiotics in the liver, the Duksung Women's University suggested.

3. Tabebuia heptaphylla(Backed by studies)
Tabebuia heptaphylla is also known as the pink trumpet tree used in traditional medicine for neutralized poisons in the liver and treatment of liver diseases.

Alkaloids, a major chemical compound isolated from Tabebuia heptaphylla protected the liver against injury and damage caused by abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and recovery processes of liver xenobiotic-metabolizing function through its member berberine.

4. St. John wort(Backed by studies)
St. John wort is also known as Tipton weed or Klamath weed.

According to the study by Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, St. John wort with abundant chemical compound hyperforin, processes hetapoprotective effect through increased increase the activity of cytochrome P450 in the liver in accelerated elimination of toxin from the body.

The herb also activated the nuclear pregnane X receptor with function in detoxified xenobiotic substances from the liver.

5. Fennel(Backed by studies)
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.

Essential oils from fennel showed a marked hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by the toxic substances through its antioxidants

Estragole (4-allyl-1-methoxybenzene) is a naturally occurring food flavoring agent found in basil, fennel exerted liver cleansing activity through glucuronidation of 1'-HE is a major detoxification pathway.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The #Antiaging Effects of Vitamin A, Scientists Reveal

Kyle J. Norton

Skin aging is one of the most visible aging processes which occurs constantly in our skin organs.
According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, and protect the skin matrix through inhibition of enzymatic degradation by promoting collagen synthesis in skin elasticity and tightness(a).

Other suggested that reactive oxygen species induced domino effects in production of more free radicals, which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system, leading to injuries and damage regulation pathways of skin, in initiated skin aging including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).

Vitamin A is a general term of Vitamin A Retinol, retinal, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin best known for its functions in vision health and antioxidant scavenging and growth and differentiation of a number of cells and tissues.

1. Retinols
Activation of both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid in nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ), may associate to reduction of skin aging(1).

In chronologically aged and photoaged human skin due to alternation of connective tissue collagen, caused by cysteine-rich protein 61(2) (CCN1, a negative regulator of collagen homeostasis), application of all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive form of vitamin A significantly increased type I procollagen and reduced collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases-1, MMP-1)and suppressed recombinant human CCN1(3).

P-Dodecylaminophenol derived from the synthetic retinoid, in the skin of hairless mice study, exhibited an increase of cytokeratin 16 expression which is essential in skin healing and maintenance, without causing the desquamation and erythema(4).

In a vivo study to assess major aging signs and performing three-dimensional profilometry and digital imaging during a 9-month double-blind placebo-control involving 48 volunteers, researchers found that topical application of a ROL-containing product not only improves all major aging signs including wrinkles under the eyes, fine lines and tone evenness, but also promotes keratinocyte proliferation, induced epidermal thickening and alleviated skin aging signs, without any significant adverse reaction(5).

Retinyl retinoate 1, another synthetic version of retinols, showed inhibitory activity against c-Jun superior effects in compared to retinol on collagen synthesis.

Retinyl retinoate 1 may have the potential to be conveniently used as an additive in cosmetics for the prevention and improvement of skin aging and medicines for the treatment of skin troubles(6).

Some researchers suggested that topical retinol improves fine wrinkles associated with natural aging, through its effects in induction of glycosaminoglycan in increased collagen production in responsible for wrinkle effacement.

Others insisted that retinol-treated aged skin is more likely to withstand skin injury and ulcer formation along with improved appearance(7).

Application of a stabilized 0.1% retinol-containing moisturizer showed improving lines and wrinkles, pigmentation, elasticity, firmness, and overall photodamage(8). N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine, a retinoic acid agonist in the study in comparison with retinol acid, showed the same effect of both in complete disappearance of the wrinkles caused by UVB irradiation probably via RAR transactivation activity, but the synthetic agonist showed no adverse effect in causing skin irritation(9).

2. Carotenoids(beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) and Retinal Carotenoids.

Plant pigments, converted to vitamin A after intake, play an important role in the prevention and treatment of some diseases through antioxidant effects.

Nutrition rich in carotenoids is best known to prevent cell damage, premature skin aging, and skin cancer(10).

Carotenoids possess potent anti-oxidant properties and widely used in the skin care industry either as topically applied agents or oral supplements in an attempt to prolong youthful skin appearance(11)(12).

Free radicals cause premature skin aging and lead to immunosuppression and the formation of skin diseases, scientists indicated that the administration of carotenoids may interact with free radicals to protect the system against destructive skin(13).

Other studies suggested that stress factors such as illness, UV and IR radiation of the sun, and smoking and alcohol consumption reduce the concentration of carotenoids in the skin which lead to deeper and denser furrows and wrinkles(14).

The testing of high doses of sun-emitted UV-radiation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of premature skin aging, and injection of carotenoid tablets combined with placebo-cream in induced less carotenoid accumulation than carotenoid tablets alone(15).

In contrast to topical application, the systemically applied carotenoids are stored in the body fat tissue and slowly released onto the skin surface with sweat and sebum.

Application of retinaldehyde (RAL) showed a significant improvement of wrinkles(forehead wrinkles, nasolabial folds, crow’s feet, and perioral wrinkles)(16).

In fact, deficiency of vitamin A may result in premature aging.

In the skin of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rat, researchers showed that vitamin A-treated mice improve the production of collagen in the dermis, cell growth, and epidermal differentiation in skin tissues(17).

Taken altogether, vitamin A and its variants are found to be effective in the prevention of skin damage and skin aging caused by the over-expression of type I procollagen and under-expression of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases-1, MMP-1).

The recommended intake of vitamin A, according to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) is 600 µg daily as extremely high doses (>9000 mg) can be toxic.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD. (PubMed)
(1) 40 years of topical tretinoin use in review by Baldwin HE1, Nighland M, Kendall C, Mays DA, Grossman R, Newburger J.(PubMed)
(2) Elevated cysteine-rich 61 mediates aberrant collagen homeostasis in chronologically aged and photoaged human skin by Quan T1, He T, Shao Y, Lin L, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. (PubMed)
(3) Retinoids suppress cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a negative regulator of collagen homeostasis, in skin equivalent cultures and aged human skin in vivo by Quan T1, Qin Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ(PubMed)
(4) Effects of the aminophenol analogue p-Dodecylaminophenol on mouse skin by Takahashi N1, Fujiu Y(PubMed)
(5) Antiaging action of retinol: from molecular to clinical by Bellemère G1, Stamatas GN, Bruère V, Bertin C, Issachar N, Oddos T.(PubMed)
(6) Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid retinoid derivative by Kim H1, Kim B, Kim H, Um S, Lee J, Ryoo H, Jung H(PubMed)
(7) Improvement of naturally aged skin with vitamin A (retinol) by Kafi R1, Kwak HS, Schumacher WE, Cho S, Hanft VN, Hamilton TA, King AL, Neal JD, Varani J, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ, Kang S.(PubMed)
(8) A stabilized 0.1% retinol facial moisturizer improves the appearance of photodamaged skin in an eight-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study by Tucker-Samaras S1, Zedayko T, Cole C, Miller D, Wallo W, Leyden JJ. (PubMed)
(9) N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine, a new retinoic acid agonist, mediates topical retinoid efficacy with no irritation on photoaged skin by Kambayashi H1, Odake Y, Takada K, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Kato S(PubMed)
(10) Influence of dietary carotenoids on radical scavenging capacity of the skin and skin lipids by Meinke MC1, Friedrich A, Tscherch K, Haag SF, Darvin ME, Vollert H, Groth N, Lademann J, Rohn S.(PubMed)
(11) Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging by Schagen SK1, Zampeli VA, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. (PubMed)
(12) The role of nutraceuticals in anti-aging medicine by Vranesić-Bender D.(PubMed)
(13) Interaction between carotenoids and free radicals in human skin by Lademann J1, Schanzer S, Meinke M, Sterry W, Darvin ME(PubMed)
(14) Carotenoids in human skin by Lademann J1, Meinke MC, Sterry W, Darvin ME(PubMed)
(15) Dermal carotenoid level and kinetics after topical and systemic administration of antioxidants: enrichment strategies in a controlled in vivo study by Darvin ME1, Fluhr JW, Schanzer S, Richter H, Patzelt A, Meinke MC, Zastrow L, Golz K, Doucet O, Sterry W, Lademann J(PubMed)
(16) Retinaldehyde/hyaluronic acid fragments: a synergistic association for the management of skin aging by Cordero A1, Leon-Dorantes G, Pons-Guiraud A, Di Pietro A, Asensi SV, Walkiewicz-Cyraska B, Litvik R, Turlier V, Mery S, Merial-Kieny C(PubMed)
(17) A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues by Takahashi N1, Takasu S.(PubMed)