#Anthocyanidins, #Flavanones, and #Flavonoids Found in #Strawberry Inversely are Associated with A Reduced Risk of CVD, Coronary Heart Disease (#CHD), #Stroke, and Total Mortality

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a fruit that has a potential effect in reduced risk and treatment of heart disease, some studies suggested.
According to statistics, heart disease, after lung cancer kills more than 2,000 Americans every day.

Approximately, 60 million Americans have heart disease.

There are many causes of heart disease.

Most of the heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure which contributes to hardening of the arteries.

Some researchers suggested that a diet high in saturated and trans fats also plays an important role in the initiated risk of coronary heart disease. A long-term unhealthy diet can cause obesity, high blood pressure,... and diabetes.

Dr. McNamara DJ, in the study of dietary cholesterol, heart disease risk, and cognitive dissonance, wrote, "....dietary cholesterol has a small effect on the plasma cholesterol levels with an increase in the cholesterol content of the LDL particle and an increase in HDL cholesterol, with little effect on the LDL: HDL ratio, a significant indicator of heart disease risk"(4).

Truly, everything that adds to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions, damages the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart, is considered prevalent risk factors of arterial blockage, the main cause of heart disease.

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongings to the family Rosaceae.

The edible plants have been grown all over the world with a suitable climate for commercial profits due to their's health benefits.

According to the followed up study to examine the relationship between anthocyanins, the largest group of water-soluble pigments, and the risk of MI, anthocyanin, strawberries intake was found to be potential in preventing myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged women.

Intake of strawberries was also associated with a decreased risk of MI, in a comparison of those consuming >3 servings a week and those with lower intake.

Dr. Cassidy A, the lead scientist, in the study conducted by the University of East Anglia, including a total of 93 600 women 25 to 42 years of age from the database of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II, after taking into account of multivariate adjustment said, "An inverse association between higher intake of anthocyanins and risk of MI was observed (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.96; P=0.03, highest versus lowest quintiles)".

Further differentiation of the effects of anthocyanins in reduced risk of a heart problem, also found that anthocyanins efficacy may be associated to improve a variety of effects on blood vessels, platelets, and lipoproteins, the coronary heart disease reducers.

Moreover, the study of participants includes 34 489 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study who were free of CVD and had complete food-frequency questionnaire information that include Intakes of total flavonoids and 7 subclasses categorized into quintiles at baseline, using the proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) to compute for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and total mortality after 16 y of follow-up, showed,

* There was a significant inverse association between anthocyanidins and CHD, CVD, and total mortality in compared to no intake of proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) of 0.88, 0.91, and 0.90, respectively.

* The proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) between flavanones and CHD [RR for highest quintile versus lowest 0.78 and between flavones and total mortality [RR for highest quintile versus lowest: 0.88.

* Intake of strawberry were associated with a significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases in compared to other foods in the questionnaire.

These results suggested that dietary intakes of flavanones, anthocyanidins, and foods rich in flavonoids were associated with reduced risk of death due to CHD, CVD, and all causes, according to Dr. Mink PJ, the lead scientist.

Taken altogether, strawberries rich in flavanones, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids may be considered as a functional food in the prevention of early onset and treatment of heart disease.

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References
(1) High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women by Cassidy A, Mukamal KJ, Liu L, Franz M, Eliassen AH, Rimm EB..(PubMed)
(2) Anthocyanins and heart health by Mazza GJ. (PubMed)
(3) Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. by Mink PJ, Scrafford CG, Barraj LM, Harnack L, Hong CP, Nettleton JA, Jacobs DR Jr.(PubMed)
(4) Dietary cholesterol, heart disease risk and cognitive dissonance by McNamara DJ(PubMed)

#Methylglyoxal Found in #MonofloralHoney Exerts a Significant Anti-#HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus #HIV-1 Effect on Vitros, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton

Honey may have a profound effect in reducing the risk and treatment of HIV-1, some scientists suggested.
Human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 is the most widespread type worldwide that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic condition caused by the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

According to epidemiological studies, people who serval sexual partners are the most at risk of HIV infection.

However, the virus can also transmit through infected blood transfusion, and infected mother to children.

Most people infected by the HIV virus may experience symptoms of fever, muscle aches, and joint pain similar to those of influenza in the early stage of the viral attacks.


At the final stage of the infection, the virus can weaken the immune system to the point that causes the onset of AIDS and induces more severe symptoms including the general symptoms of cancers accompanied by soaking night sweats, recurring fever, and persistent white spots or unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth.

Dr. Seth C Kalichman and colleagues in the infectious team, in the concern of the risk of HIV in people with multiple sexual partners in the examining the 209 HIV-positive men and 291 HIV-positive women recruited conveniently from HIV/AIDS support groups and antiretroviral clinics found that 63% and 309 (62%) participants were currently sexually active, of whom 247 (80%) reported only one sex partner in the previous 3 months and 62 (20%) reported two or more partners during that time".

Although the use of a condom may have some protective effects in the prevention of HIV transmitting disease, however, the team said, "Steady sex partners of participants with multiple partnerships were significantly less likely to be protected by condoms than steady partners of individuals with only one sex partner".

Dangerously, in the final report, the team wrote, "Individuals with multiple sex partners were also significantly less likely to have disclosed their HIV status".

Honey is a miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.

The rich golden liquid is considered healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener.

In finding a natural ingredient or whole food for the inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 before they can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), researchers evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity of eight different kinds of honey.

The tested Monofloral Iranian honey from eight floral sources was analyzed to determine their anti-HIV-1 activities as well as their effects on lymphocyte proliferation.

According to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and high pure viral nucleic acid kit, 6 out of 8 monofloral kinds of honey from Petro selenium sativum, Nigella sativa, Citrus sinensis, Zataria multiflora, Citrus aurantium, and Zizyphus mauritiana flowers exerted a significantly inhibitory HIV-1 activity at different doses.

The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 6 out of 8 monofloral kinds of honey are 37.5, 88, 70, 88, 105, and 5 µg/ml respectively.

The monofloral Iranian kinds of honey from Astragalus gummifer and Chamaemelum Nobile flowers had a weak anti-HIV-1 activity, compared to others.

The frequency and intensity of cluster of differentiation CD4 expression on Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased in the presence of all honey types, an indication of immune activity.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are round nucleus peripheral blood cells consisting of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells), and CD4 cells or T4 helpers play critical roles to send signals to other types of immune cells with a function to destroy invasive pathogens.

Treatment with monofloral kinds of honey from Z. multiflora and N. sativa also increased the CD19 markers for normal and neoplastic B cells.

According to the spectroscopic analysis, monofloral kinds of honey from P. sativum, N. sativa, Z. multiflora, and Z. mauritiana flowers processed a potency to be anti-HIV-1 agents.

In in-depth differentiation, researchers showed that the inhibitory effect of methylglyoxal is higher in the late stage of HIV-1 infection.

The chemical compound found to exert the anti-HIV-1 activity was methylglyoxal.

Taken together, monofloral kinds of honey containing high amounts bioactive compound methylglyoxal may be considered a functional food for the prevention of HIV-1 infection and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of AIDs.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-HIV-1 activity of eight monofloral Iranian honey types by Behbahani M1. (PubMed)
(2) Recent multiple sexual partners and HIV transmission risks among people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana by Seth C Kalichman, Dolly Ntseane, Keitseope Nthomang, Mosarwa Segwabe, Odireleng Phorano, and Leickness C Simbayi. (PMC)

The Effects of #GreenTea's #Epigallocatechin3gallate (#EGCG) on #Herpesvirus, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in inhibiting herpesvirus, some scientists suggested.

Herpesvirus is a large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases depending on the types of viral infection.

According to viral classification, there are 8 types of herpesvirus, including human herpesviruses 1 that cause cold sores around the mouth. and 2 that causes genital herpes, herpes zoster that causes chickenpox and shingles, Epstein-Barr virus that causes infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) that causes mononucleosis, Human herpes virus 6 and 7(HHV6 - 7) that causes roseola and Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) that causes cancer, such as Kaposi's Sarcoma.

According to statistics, in the United States, half of teens and adults under age 50 are still infected with the oral herpes virus, and about 1 in 8 have an infection with the genital herpes virus.

All herpesviruses like other viruses are nuclear-replicating, infecting healthy cells' nuclei through the replication of viral DNA and transcription of viral mRNA.

People infected may experience symptoms.of painful sores in the genital area, anus, buttocks, thighs, itching, painful urination, vaginal discharge,..... and tender lumps in the groin.


However, some people may not show any symptoms at all and sometimes, the diseases may be misdiagnosed as a skin condition.

Sadly, many people have blisters and sores that come back after the first herpes attack goes away.

Green tea is a precious drink that processed a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In the study of green tea Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG bioactive component against researchers found that
EGCG and other purified green tea catechins as topical agents inactivate multiple clinical isolates of HSV-1 and HSV-2(1).

Application of EGCG in 10 to 20 min and reduced HSV-1 titers by the same amount in 30 to 40 min reduced HSV-2 titers by ≥1,000-fold(1).

Dr. Charles E, the lead scientist said, "(The efficacy in ameliorated risk of HSV), because EGCG would be able to directly inactivate extracellular HSV virions in the vaginal lumen" and " At a concentration range that can easily be delivered to the female reproductive tract".


Interestingly, in the study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) effects on primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), researchers found that EGCG inhibits induced cell death and ROS generation in PEL cells in a dose-dependent manner(2).

Furthermore, the application of EGCG reduced the production of progeny virus from PEL cells without causing HHV8 reactivation(2).

These results suggest that EGCG may have a therapeutic treatment for HHV8 infection and HHV8 that cause lymphomas.

Most importantly, according to the joint study conducted by the Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, and University of Duisburg-Essen, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), processed significant anti-infective properties. EGCG exerted different modes of action in inhibiting the diverse families of viruses(3)

In details(3), EGCG

* inhibited HCV through viral entry by interference with binding to target cells.
* Inhibited integrase, an enzyme produced by a retrovirus HCV by binding to envelope and CD4 and interference.
* Reduced HBV antigen expression, extracellular HBV DNA and cccDNA
* Induced damage and inactivation of virions of HSV-1/HSV-2, probably by binding to envelope proteins
* Inhibited EBV transcription of immediate-early genes Rta, Zta, and EA-D
* Inactivated Adenovirus particles, inhibited Adenovirus intracellular virus growth and viral protease
* Alternated influenza virus physical integrity of virus particles, inhibited entry by binding to haemagglutinin
* Suppressed enterovirus replication via modulation of cellular redox milieu

Taking together, green tea and its bioactive constituents may be used in combined with conventional medicine for the prevention and treatment of herpesvirus.

However, further data collection on large example size and multi centers studies performed with human consumption of the green tea and its bioactive polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), during the course of herpesviral infection will be necessary to complete the picture of their anti herpesviral possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Epigallocatechin Gallate Inactivates Clinical Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus by Charles E. Isaacs, Guang Y. Wen, Weimin Xu, Jun Hua Jia, Lisa Rohan, Christopher Corbo, Vincenzo Di Maggio, Edmund C. Jenkins, Jr., Sharon Hillier(PubMed)
(2) Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Suppresses Human Herpesvirus 8 Replication and Induces ROS Leading to Apoptosis and Autophagy in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells by Tsai CY1, Chen CY2, Chiou YH3, Shyu HW4, Lin KH5, Chou MC6, Huang MH7, Wang YF(PubMed)
(3) Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea by Steinmann J1, Buer J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E(PubMed)

#GingerExtract Shows a Strong Effects in the Inhibnition of #ParasiteInfectedDiseases, Studies Find

Kyle J. Norton

Ginger may be the next pharmaceutical target to identify the natural ingredient or whole food for the treatment of diseases caused by a bacterial infection, some studies found.

Infection is a medical condition caused by bacteria multiplication after entering the body.

During the acute phase of infection before the bacteria enter the body, white blood cells of the systematic immune response to the bodily injury and damage by activating not only the emergency repair system to cover the wound through coagulation but also stimulating the proteins associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines to kill off the invaded pathogens.

However, in many instances, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines can cause damage or death od nearby cells, leading to improper healing with the formation of scars.

In fact, failure to switch from the phase of production of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory can interrupt the healing process, leading to chronic wounds and inflammation.

Some researchers suggested that the failure of the switches may be caused by the weakened immune system that can not kill off all foreign invaders within 3 to 8 weeks.

Researchers continued, our immune system has evolved over thousands of years with an aim to kill off all stimuli and pathogens within a said of time, otherwise, they will adapt to the change, causing low-grade inflammation that cannot be reversed in many diseases such as type 2 diabetes and RA.

Most cases of acute infection were blocked in the first phase of the immune system response. In other words, the white blood cells won, pathogens were destroyed and the wound started to recover process without interruption.

However, if the pathogens won, after entering the body, they can initiate infection through the stage of incubation where bacteria multiply in the specific tissues and organs, leading to colonization and in facilitating disease development.

Patients with acute bacterial infection usually recover in a short period of time within 3 weeks.

Severely, if the immune system can not get rid of the invaders in the said time, some bacterial pathogens will establish life-long chronic infections by the persistent establishment after an acute infection period.

Dr. Cierny G 3rd, the lead scientist, at the RE Orthopaedics, said," Failure of an acute inflammatory response to resolve a wound infection heralds a cascade of events that affect the host and pathogens, culminating in a chronic, refractory condition".

"The factors contributing to this outcome include immune compromise of the host, antimicrobial resistance, wound-healing deficiencies, and the adherence of pathogens to themselves and wound surfaces via an impenetrable, resistant biofilm.".

These results firmly suggested that if you have a weakened immune system you have a substantially increased risk of chronic bacterial infection.


Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

In finding a natural ingredient or whole food for the prevention and treatment of infection with little or no side effects researchers evaluated the effects of ginger against the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus Turnbull.

The tested ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared for freeze-dried ginger.

An increase in extract concentration was associated with reduced time to parasite immobilization.

Injection at concentrations of 5 and 40ppt ethanolic extract induced parasite death at 26.1±0.7 and 4.9±0.3min, respectively. The ethanolic extract was more efficient. At 75 and 200ppt aqueous ginger extract, induced parasites died at 65.6±2.8 and 1.8±0.2min, respectively.

Bathing G. Turnbulli-infected fish in the ethanolic ginger extract (i.e. 5 and 7.5ppt for 90 and 30min, respectively) significantly reduced infection prevalence and intensity.

The higher concentration (i.e. 7.5ppt) proved to be effective as those of Praziquantel, the conventional chemical.

Interestingly, oral treatments of G. Turnbulli-infected guppies with diets supplemented with 10 and 20% ginger powder also proved to be ineffective in decreasing parasite load.

Furthermore, in schistosome mansonii-infected mice, extract given daily for 45 days beginning on either 2nd day or 45 days post-infection showed a reduction of worm burden and the egg load in the liver and intestine which coincided with the reduction in granuloma diameters.

Ginger extract exerted a potential effect in reducing some inflammatory mediators that play a crucial role in schistosomal liver fibrosis and its complications.

The in-depth analysis also suggested that ginger extract also minimizes the deleterious effects of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the tested mice.

Taken together, ginger extracts with abundant bioactive compounds may be used for the prevention and treatment of parasite-infected diseases, pending the larger and multi-center human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Efficacy of ginger-based treatments against infection with Gyrodactylus turnbulli in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata (Peters)) by Levy G1, Zilberg D2, Paladini G1, Fridman S. (PubMed)
(2) Efficiency of ginger (Zingbar officinale) against Schistosoma mansoni infectionduring host-parasite association by Aly HF1, Mantawy MM. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary Onion or Ginger Modulates the Stress Response and Susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi JML1 Infection in Brown-marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Juveniles by Amar EC1, Apines-Amar MJS2, Faisan JP Jr1. (PubMed)
(4) Treatment of chronic infection by Cierny G 3rd1, DiPasquale D. (PubMed)

#Bakkenolides Found in #Herbal #Butterbur Show a Protective Effect on Neurons by Attenuating Brain Cell Aeath and Apoptosis, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Butterbur may have a profound and strong effect on protecting the neuron integrity and validity against the onset of neuro diseases, some scientists suggested.
Neuroprotective effects are the activity that protects neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

A neurologic deficit is a condition of the brain, or spinal cord, leading to weaker muscles, nerves, or part of the body.

The causes of neurological deficit include genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities or disorders, infections, lifestyle or environmental health problems associated with malnutrition, and brain injury, spinal cord injury, or nerve injury.


People with neurologic deficits may experience certain medical conditions and symptoms including partial or complete paralysis, loss of sensation, seizures, difficulty reading, writing, and walking, and decreased alertness.

However, some researchers suggested the most serious symptom is poor cognitive ability, depending on the parts of the brain or spinal cord which have been affected.

According to the statistic provided by the US government, more than 16 million people in the United States are living with cognitive impairment and disease with a tendency to increase at an alarming rate, particularly in the age group of 50 and over.

People with cognitive impairment, according to the report are more than three times as many hospitals stay as individuals who are hospitalized for some other condition, causing a substantial burden to the US health care system.

Out of all neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias alone are estimated to be the third most expensive disease to treat in the United States.

The Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures 20106, wrote, “ The average Medicaid payment for a person aged 65 or older with Alzheimer’s or other dementias is nine times higher than that for other beneficiaries in the same age group.”

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetlands, riversides, forests, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere.

Herbal medicine has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including the stomach, bile ducts, duodenum, etc.

The Second Military Medical University on finding a natural ingredient or whole food for the treatment of neurologic deficit examines the effect of the total bakkenolides, a bioactive compound isolated from the herbal Butterbur, in vitro cerebral ischemia model and oxygen-glucose deprivation of cultured nerve cells.

Oral administration of total bakkenolides showed a significant immediate effect after reperfusion at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg markedly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficits.

The chemical compound also was found to attenuate cell death and apoptosis in primary cultured neurons subject to 1-h hypoxia followed by 24-h reoxygenation.

The compound also protects the neurons by inhibiting the protein involved in the production of inflammatory cytokines by blocking the activation of the classical activation pathway due to the injury.

Further differentiation of the experiment, researchers discovered that total bakkenolides inhibit the activation of pathways associated with neuron apoptosis.

Dr. the lead scientists after taking into account co and confounders said, "Our results provide a strong pharmacological basis for further understanding the potential therapeutic role of total bakkenolides in cerebral ischemic disease and shed new light on its neuroprotective mechanism".


Moreover, in the examine the neurologic deficit effects of 4 novel bakkenolides - bakkenolide-Ia ( 1), bakkenolide-IIa ( 2), bakkenolide-IIIa ( 3) and bakkenolide-IVa ( 4) isolated from the extract of the rhizome of Petasites tricholobus, researchers showed the compounds 1 - 4 exert a significantly neuroprotective activity in primary cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and oxidative insults by enhancing the antioxidant activity.

According to the VITRO assay, all these compounds exhibited significant neuroprotective and antioxidant activities.

The findings strongly suggested total bakkenolides and their derivatives demonstrate neurologic deficits' protective effects by blocking the mechanisms involved in neuron cell apoptosis through their antioxidant property.


Taken together, herbal Butterbur processed bioactive compounds such as bakkenolides may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of neurologic deficits.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Total Bakkenolides Protects Neurons against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation by Jiang Q, Xia Yy EY, Jm HE, Guo Ml EY, Rp LI. (PubMed)
(2) Bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus and their neuroprotective effects related to antioxidant activities by Wang YL, Li RP, Guo ML, Zhang G, Zhang N, Ma YL.(PubMed)
(3) Protection by petaslignolide A, a major neuroprotective compound in the butanol extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, against oxidative damage in the brains of mice challenged with kainic acid by Cui HS, Kim MR, Sok DE. (PubMed)

#Daucus Carota (Carrot) oil extracts (DCOE) Exert Significant Inhibitory Effect Against the Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis on #ColonCancer Cells

Kyle J. Norton


Carrots may have a profound and positive effect on reducing the risk, progression, and treatment of colon cancer, some scientists suggested.

Colon cancer is a chronic condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the colon tissue. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

As of today, researchers do not know what causes colon cancer. However, certain risk factors, such as genetic mutations that induce healthy DNA change are associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Some researchers suggested that unhealthy diets and lifestyles such as the American diet with a high intake of red meat, low intake of fiber, low intake of calcium, cigarette smoking,.... and obesity are the prevalent risk factors of colon cancer(4).

And increase consumption of a wide variety of fruit and vegetable, particularly, dark-green leafy, cruciferous, deep-yellow tones, and fiber are convincing preventive factors(5).

Dr. Corrêa Lima MP, the lead author at the Mato Grosso Federal University said, "Lifestyle modification including proper diets such as the ones rich in vegetables and poor in red meat and fat, regular physical activity and maintaining an appropriate body weight and avoiding the use of tobacco and alcohol may lead to reduce colorectal cancer risk"(5).


Patients in early-stage colon cancer may experience gastrointestinal symptoms of changes in bowel habits, constipation. diarrhea or alternating diarrhea and constipation. Some patients may also develop symptoms of from rectal bleeding or blood in their stool, abdominal bloating,.... and cramps or discomfort.
Truly, some chronic conditions and medicine used for treatments also were found to increase the risk of colon cancer, including diabetes, acromegaly, a growth hormone disorder, ,,, and radiation treatment for other cancers.

In the US, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women.
According to the statistic of the American Cancer Society, in 2018, approximately, 97,220 new cases of colon cancer. and 43,030 new cases of rectal cancer are diagnosed in the US. Colorectal cancer also causes the death of 50,630 in 2018(6).

Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is a sub-spice of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.

According to the study to determine the anticancer activity of the pentane fraction (F1) and the 1:1 pentane: diethyl ether fraction (F2) isolated from Daucus Carota oil extract (DCOE) against human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2), application of various concentration of both extracts exerted significant inhibitory effect against the proliferation and induced apoptosis through numbers of factors.


The observation by Western blot revealed that the activity of F1 and F2 constrict the expansion of the tumor through activation of caspase-3, the key protein facilitators with a function to execute apoptosis or program cell death and PARP cleavage, with function in stimulated various pathological cell death processes.

Further analysis also suggested that F1 and F2 inhibited the cell death processes through increased levels of Bax expression in initiated pro-apoptosis involved in a wide variety of cellular activities and p53 in a regulated cell cycle as a tumor suppressor.

Together, both injections also decreased levels of Bcl-2 with function in inhibited tumor cells apoptosis.

Moreover, treatment of HT-29 cells with either fraction markedly also induced cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and cell apoptosis through decreased levels of both phosphorylated Erk and Akt.

Activation of oncogenic signaling proteins AKT and ERK by phosphorylation has an established role in the development of certain types of cancer(7).

Additionally, in mice model, β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC) isolated from the Daucus carota oil extract st the concentration of 1, 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml, were also found to inhibit a number of cancers, including colon cell progression.

In SW1116 colon cancer cell lines, injection of β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC) demonstrated significant inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent in decreased cell survival with an IC50 of 18 and 14.5 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h respectively.
According to the Flow cytometry analysis, at a concentration of 10 μg/ml, HC increased the number of tumor cells undergoing necrosis by 18.05% and 58.01% and late apoptosis by 15.66% and 30.47%, respectively.

These results suggested that β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC) induced cancer cell apoptosis and cancer growth restriction, linearly in doses dependent manner.

Additional differentiation also suggested the application exerted anti colon cancers cell line effect through similar proteins and pathways as mentioned in the first study.


Most importantly, β-2-himachalen-6-ol (HC) in inhibited colon cancer cell line through cytotoxicity in cell cycle arrested without causing harm to the nearby healthy cells.

The above illustration was also supported by the investigation of beta-carotene and lycopene, a bioactive phytochemical found in carrots in a modify luminal process relevant to colon carcinogenesis conducted by the Technical University of Munich.

According to the randomized cross-over trial of twenty-two, healthy young men on a low-carotenoid diet consumed 330 ml tomato or carrot juice per d for 2 weeks, consumption of carrot juice led to a marked increase of beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in fecal water with high dose-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29).


Taken together, carrots and its bioactive compounds may be considered as a functional food in ameliorating the risk and increasing the efficacy of conventional medicine for the treatment of colon cancer.

However, further data collection on large example size and multi centers studies performed with human consumption of the carrot and its bioactive phytochemicals, during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of their anti-colon cancer possibilities.


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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Daucus carota Pentane-Based Fractions Suppress Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma HT-29 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K Pathways by Shebaby WN1, Bodman-Smith KB1, Mansour A2, Mroueh M3, Taleb RI4, El-Sibai M4, Daher CF4. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of carrot and tomato juice consumption on fecal markers relevant to colon carcinogenesis in humans by Schnäbele K1, Briviba K, Bub A, Roser S, Pool-Zobel BL, Rechkemmer G.(PubMed)

(3) Antitumor activity of β-2-himachalen-6-ol in colon cancer is mediated through its inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK pathways by Daaboul HE1, Daher CF2, Bodman-Smith K1, Taleb RI2, Shebaby WN2, Boulos J2, Dagher C3, Mroueh MA4, El-Sibai M5.(PubMed)
(4) Lifestyle Factors and Their Combined Impact on the Risk of Colorectal Polyps by Zhenming Fu, Martha J. Shrubsole, Walter E. Smalley, Huiyun Wu, Zhi Chen, Yu Shyr, Reid M. Ness, and Wei Zheng(PMC)
(5) Colorectal cancer: lifestyle and dietary factors by Corrêa Lima MP1, Gomes-da-Silva MH(PubMed)
(6) Key Statistics for Colorectal Cancer by American Cancer Society
(7) ERK and AKT phosphorylation status in lung cancer and emphysema using nanocapillary isoelectric focusing by Crosbie PA1, Crosbie EJ2, Aspinall-O'Dea M3, Walker M3, Harrison R4, Pernemalm M5, Shah R6, Joseph L7, Booton R8, Pierce A3, Whetton AD(PubMed)

Some #GreenTea's #Polyphenols #Gallocatechin (GC) #Health Effects, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or foods with the same volume, and the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergo minimal oxidation during processing and originated from China.
Gallocatechin, containing catechin is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, almonds, black diamond plums, black tea, cocoa beans, Fuji apples, golden delicious apple, etc.


1. Bone metabolism
In the investigation of three tea catechins, epigallocatechin (EGC), gallocatechin (GC), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) for their effects on bone metabolism, researchers found that EGC significantly inhibits osteoclast formations from RAW 264.7 cells upon receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand induction on the fourth day of treatment, at a concentration of 10 microM(1).

The receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) is the essential factor for osteoclast formation, fusion, activation, and survival, thus resulting in bone resorption and bone loss.

EGC also at dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(1) which plays a critical role in many biological processes including skeletal development, collagen synthesis, and degradation, the mineralization of bone(14),
Furthermore, GC and GCG could decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20 microM.

Dr. Chun Hay Ko, the lead author said, "Tea catechins, EGC in particular, had positive effects on bone metabolism through a double process of promoting osteoblastic activity(bone formation) and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation(bone reabsorption)"(1).


2. Antimetastatic effects
In the evaluation of the antimetastatic effects of Purinaria L extracts (PUE), containing polyphenols including gallic acid, methyl gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallocatechin-3-gallate, rutin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and naringin, researchers found that PUE inhibits the transcription of MMP-2 osteoblasts that regulates osteopontin and bone protein expression in bone metastasis of osteotropic cancers(2).

Furthermore, PUE also exerted an inhibitory effect on the DNA-binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 in the induction of secondary cancer and growth of LLC cells in vivo(2)

"(These results suggested that) PUE could be applied to be a potential antimetastatic agent", Dr. Tseng HH, the lead scientist at the Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital said(2).

3. Anti-skin cancer
In the determination of the effect of green tea catechins on the invasive potential of human melanoma cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t (Non-BRAF-mutated) melanoma cell lines in vitro model, researchers found that application of green tea catechins inhibits melanoma cell migration, through the transition of the mesenchymal stage to epithelial stage in the induction of tumor growth to the advanced stage(3).

These results indicate that EGCG, a major green tea catechin, can inhibit melanoma cell invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting endogenous expression of COX-2, which plays an important role in increased production of PGE2, the hormone that modulates skin cancer cell proliferation from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(3).

4. Antidiabetic activity
In the observation of Terminalia sericea stem bark extract and their effect against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, four known compounds namely beta-sitosterol (1), beta-sitosterol-3-acetate (2), lupeol (3), and stigma-4-ene-3-one (4), in addition to two inseparable sets of mixtures of isomers [epicatechin-catechin (M1), and gallocatechin-epigallocatechin (M2). scientists found that 1 and 3 show the best inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase (IC50:54.5 and 66.5 microM) located in the brush border of the small intestine with function in stimulated digestion of carbohydrates that facilitate the onset of diabetes mellitus type 2(4).

Bio-evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the purified compounds on alpha-amylase showed that 3 and 1 exhibit IC50 values of 140.7 and 216.02 microM, respectively against alpha-amylase, a protein enzyme that -links polysaccharides in the induction of glucose and maltose with no side effects(4).

5. Anti-uveal melanoma and cancers activity
In the study of the new compound gallocatechin 5-O-gallate isolated to MeOH extract of Acacia nilotica pods, scientists found that the newly found compound exerts a significant effect in inhibited uveal melanoma, cancer (melanoma) of the eye involving the iris(5).

Furthermore, the antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds and the related compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) also have a profound effect in protected healthy cells against the development of cutaneous melanoma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, and normal retinal pigmented cells(5).


6. Degenerative diseases
In the investigation of whether green tea and its components can regulate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in pluripotent rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of tibiae and femora in rats, researchers found that among six tested tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin (EGC) processes the most effective in promoting osteogenic differentiation.

At 20 μM, EGC increased ALP levels and Ca deposition significantly in promoting bone density by 2.3- and 1.7-fold, respectively,

When compared with the control group. EGC also increased the mRNA expression of bone formation markers runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP, osteonectin, and osteopontin(6)

7. Antioxidants
In the identification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and its important roles in the maintenance of cellular redox balance, researchers found that pretreatment with green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) effectively blocks peroxynitrite-induced glutathione depletion(antioxidant enzyme in the host), p53 accumulation in suppressed irregular cell growth and apoptosis in both normal and G6PD-deficient cells(7).

EGCG, administered to cells alone or as pretreatment, caused activation of protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes in promoted survival and growth in response to extracellular signals.

The protective effect was abolished by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, wortmannin, and LY294002, a steroid metabolite with function as immune suppressors(7).

8. Anti-HIV
In the investigation of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, and its effect on HIV-1, scientists found that EGCG appears to act mainly as an allosteric reverse transcriptase inhibitor with mechanisms different from those of currently approved NNRTIs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(8).

Thus, EGCG is a good candidate for use as an additional or supportive anti-HIV agent derived from natural plants, according to "Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the HIV reverse transcription step" by Li S, Hattori T, Kodama EN.(8)

9. Anti-inflammatory activities
In the evaluation of the radioprotective efficacy of green tea polyphenols and the component ingredients against irradiated-induced damage in mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, researchers found that GTP and its bioactive components (catechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) assists in decreasing the leukocytopenia, the disease that decreases the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood(9).

Injection of GTP and its bioactive components significantly reduced the elevated serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6)(9).

These results suggested that green tea polyphenols have the potential to be developed as radioprotective agents against irradiated-induced toxicity(9).

Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of GTP can be attributed to the interaction of the different components through multiple and synergistic mechanisms.

10. Antimicrobial effects
In the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of nano catechin on CBP and plasma concentration of catechins in an animal model, researchers showed that the use of ciprofloxacin, catechin, and nano catechin statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the control and catechin group.

Plasma concentrations of epicatechin, gallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were significantly higher in the nanocatechin group than those in the catechin group.

These results suggest that nano catechin has better antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on rat CBP than catechin due to higher absorption into the body(10).

11. Ultraviolet B irradiation protection
In the investigation of the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) after ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB), scientists found that the inhibition rate of DCs was improved to some extent after treatment with 200 microg/mL of EGCG.

UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 from DCs, while EGCG was able to down-regulate the secretion level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of IL-10.(11).

12. Antiviral effect
In the identification of tea polyphenols ability to inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication in Vero cell culture, researchers found that the viral inhibitory effect correlated well with the antioxidant capacity of polyphenol(12).

Mechanistically, EV71 infection led to increased oxidative stress, as shown by increased dichlorofluorescein and MitoSOX Red fluorescence(12).

Upon EGCG treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was significantly reduced.

Consistent with this, EV71 replication was enhanced in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient cells, and such enhancement was largely reversed by EGCG(12).
.
13. Neuroprotective effect
In the research of beta-Amyloid (Abeta) peptide, a major component of senile plaques that play a crucial role in the development and neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), researchers found that EGCG may have preventive and/or therapeutic potential in AD patients by augmenting cellular antioxidant defense capacity and attenuating Abeta-mediated oxidative and/or nitrosative cell death(13).


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources

(1) http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901545u
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144737
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224265
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877759
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506813
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730371
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498061
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694569
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735514
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557365
(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18365835