Friday, 23 June 2023

#Bromelain Inhibits #OralCancer Cell Progression through Genotoxic Properties, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Genotoxicity is a process of destruction of a cell's genetic material (DNA, RNA), leading to gene mutation.
In other words, genotoxins are mutagens, substances that have been found to induce cancer. The most common genotoxins are radiation and toxic chemicals.

Believe it or not, besides causing cancer, genotoxins are found to induce various types of genetic diseases, by the damage the germ cell.

Some researchers suggested that the damage of DNA may be controlled if the genotoxins are identified through the use of anti-antimutagens/anti-clastogens that suppress or inhibit the mutagenesis process.

The most common causes of genetic damage or alternation are reactive oxygen species (ROS), the unstable and genotoxic molecules that exist everywhere in the environment and inside the human body.

By regulating the levels of free radicals in the body through the increased antioxidant enzyme inside the host or from the dietary sources, oxidative stress induced by ROS may be controlled. Thereby, reducing the risk of gene damage.


Dr. Mohamed SAKS, the lead scientist wrote in an article published in the Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, "There are mainly two mechanisms of anti-mutagenesis:
* Desmutagenesis in which the factors on the mutagens are somehow inactivated,

* Bio-anti mutagenesis, in which the factors act on the process of mutagenesis or by repairing the damaged DNA that results in the decreased frequency of DNA mutation [15]. a number of cells have a DNA repair system by which they try to control the DNA mutations naturally".

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

With the aim to find a potential treatment for cancer, researchers examined the genotoxic effect of
pineapple extract on oral cancer cell line by DNA fragmentation.

According to the DNA fragmentation assay, bromelain showed significant genotoxic activity by invading the cancer nucleus and causing damage to the nucleic acid.

In the examination of 3 different doses of bromelain incubated with oral cancer cells, DNA fragmentation occurred in all three concentrations.

In other words, bromelain inhibited oral cancer cell progression through genotoxic properties.

Furthermore, bromelain also inhibited the expression of MUC1, a glycoprotein associated with tumor cells' invasive, metastatic, and chemo-resistant properties in breast and pancreatic cancer cells.

Moreover, bromelain used a combination with either cisplatin or 5-FU also enhanced conventional medicine efficacy.

Additionally, in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) expressed MUC1, administration of bromelain also affected the viability of MPM cells adversely.

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of cancer through its genotoxic activity, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Genotoxicity analysis of pineapple extract on oral cancer cell line by DNA fragmentation by A.A. Mahtani, R. Gayathri, and V. Vishnu Priya. (Research Gate)
(2) Anticancer Property of Bromelain With Therapeutic Potential in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma by Krishna Pillai, Javed Akhter, Terence C Chua & David Lawson Morris. (Taylor and Francis Online)
(3) Genotoxicity: Mechanisms, Testing Guidelines and Methods by Mohamed SAKS, Sabita Upreti, Rajendra SV* and Raman Dang. (the Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences)

#Phytochemical #Alliin Inhibits the Onset of Neuro-Degenerative Diseases by Suppressing #Oxidativestress and #Inflammation in Vitro

Kyle J. Norton

Neuroprotection is an action induced by the preservation of neuronal structure and/or function, including the use of medicines and herbs.
In other words, neuroprotection protects neuronal integrity against the reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative disease is the class of conditions associated with the progressive loss of neurons occurred mostly in older adults, including dementia, with the most common being Alzheimer`s disease (AD).

According to the statistic, dementia affects over 47.5 million people worldwide, approximately 58 percent are living in low and middle-income countries.

Believe it or not, 5.8 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's dementia in 2019 and two-thirds of people with Alzheimer's disease are women.

Conventionally, there is no cure for dementia. The purpose of the medications that are used for the treatment of dementia is to improve dementia symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.

Some researchers are concern that Alzheimer's disease in people younger than the age of 60 was up 5 percent over the past few decades may be correlated to the promotion of a high-fat diet in the US.

Dr. Ruan Y, the lead scientist wrote, "A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively".

And, "Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31)".

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

In the urgency to discover a natural and potential compound for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, scientists examined the alliin neuroprotective activity.

In vitro, alliin exerted a significant effect to protect neuronal cell integrity and viability against beta-amyloid (A) toxicity and apoptosis.

Furthermore, also in vitro, alliin inhibited oxidative stress caused by overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells in facilitating several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

In lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated 3T3-L1 used in biological research on adipose tissue, incubation in a period of 24 h together with 100 μmol/L alliin, alliin prevented the increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver, muscle, heart, and brain cells through its antioxidant activity.

The inhibition of inflammation of alliin was attributed to the decreased expression of the ERK1/2 pathway involved in the expression of oxidative stress and inflammation.

In other words, alliin protects the brain cells by suppressing the LPS inflammatory signals by generating an anti-inflammatory gene expression.

Taken altogether, alliin may be considered a supplement for neuroprotection, depending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Neuroprotective Effects of Garlic A Review by BC Mathew and RS Biju. (PubMed)
(2) Alliin, a garlic (Allium sativum) compound, prevents LPS-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Quintero-Fabián S1, Ortuño-Sahagún D2, Vázquez-Carrera M3, López-Roa RI. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies by bRuan Y1, Tang J1, Guo X1, Li K2, Li D. (PubMed)

#Phytochemical #Sinigrin Processes Important Anti-Proliferative Activities Against #LiverCancer, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by cell growth irregularly in the tissue of the body, including glands and organs due to the alternation of cell DNA.

In normal cells, through the process of mitosis, new cells are born through the division of one cell into two with an aim to replace cells that have been lost, damaged, or worn out. The cell division cycle is closely regulated and they can give rise to only a limited array of cells.

The characteristics of cancer cell growth are completely different compared to normal cells. The cancer cell can divide indefinitely; They are out of control by the immune system. They don't follow the signals of stop division,.... and they do not have a specific function.


How cancer grows? Most cancers stimulate the production of a new blood vessel for nutrition and the function of producing enzymes that break down normal cells and tissues.

All cancers share the general symptoms of unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, tiredness, and gastrointestinal discomforts accompanied by specific symptoms depending on the location of cancer or the organ that was affected.


Out of a number of risk factors, some researchers suggested the creation of obesity in the modern world may be one of the major risk factors associated with the incidence.

Dr. Nathan A. Berger in the evaluation of obesity and risk of cancer wrote, "Overweight and obesity have reached pandemic levels on a worldwide basis and are associated with increased risk and worse prognosis for many but not all malignancies".


And, " lessons learned from the use of murine models to study the association, the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer, the effect of dietary fats and cholesterol as cancer promoters, and the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome affects obesity and cancer".

The results showed a relationship between an unhealthy diet risk of obesity in the induction of cancer.


Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, that belongs to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of cancers examined sinigrin, the bioactive ingredient in cruciferous vegetables for their health benefits and cancer prevention properties in vitro against HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cell line) systems.

According to the HL60 assays, sinigrin showed the tumoricidal activity of plant samples (IC50 = 0.28 mg·mL(-1)) by breaking down the products of sinigrin hydrolysis.

Sinigrin also exerted a significant effect in the induction of tumor genotoxicity and proliferation with causing harm to the nearby healthy cells.

The finding strongly suggested that the efficacy of cruciferous vegetables in inducing cancer cell death and proliferation was attributed to the presence of the bioactive ingredient sinigrin.

Furthermore, in a model of carcinogen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, injection of sinigrin significantly inhibited the proliferation of liver tumor cells without inducing liver toxicity.

Injection of the compound for a period of 3 months exhibited pro-apoptotic activity against liver cancer by activating the tumor suppressive gene in the rats.


The active bioactive compound also inhibited cancer cell proliferation by deactivating the production of proteins associated with liver cancer cell differentiation.

The effect of sinigrin against liver cancer is also found in cancer cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.

The results clearly suggest that sinigrin processes important anti-proliferative activities in carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.


Taken altogether, sinigrin a bioactive ingredient in cruciferous vegetables may be considered a functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending the confirmation of a large sample size and multicenter human study.


However, intake of bioactive in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care, as liver toxicity may be induced if overdosed.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antigenotoxicity and Tumor Growing Inhibition by Leafy Brassica carinata and Sinigrin by Lozano-Baena MD1, Tasset I2, Obregón-Cano S3, de Haro-Bailon A4, Muñoz-Serrano A5, Alonso-Moraga Á. (PubMed)
(2) Anti-proliferative activities of sinigrin on carcinogen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by Jie M1, Cheung WM1, Yu V1, Zhou Y1, Tong PH1, Ho JW. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity and cancer pathogenesis by Nathan A. Berger. (PMC)

#HydroethanolicGingerExtract (GE) Improves Lipid Profile and Attenuates the #plasma Levels of Glucose, Insulin, and Leptin, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Hyperlipidemia is abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. The syndrome is a member of the cluster conditions of metabolic syndrome, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease.
Cholesterol, a waxy substance produced either by the liver or food intake plays a critical role in the production of vitamin D, steroid hormones, and the building of the cell walls.

Overexpression cholesterol is a medical condition that causes plaque to accumulate on the arterial wall, leading to the narrowing of the arteries in transport of oxygenated blood to the parts of the body.

In severe cases, it can cause blood flow blockage, leading to chronic ailments depending on the location of the blood clot.

There are 2 types of blood cholesterol, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which carries the aforementioned functions, and the high-density cholesterol (HDL) which carries cholesterol from the blood back to the liver for future re-use.

The healthy ratio of total blood cholesterol is less than 4 LDL/ 1 HDL.

Most people diagnosed with high blood cholesterol substantially higher total cholesterol ratio.

Some researchers suggested that the widespread high blood cholesterol in North America is associated with the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades.


Dr. Kamilah Ali, the lead scientist in the assessment of the Western diet risk of high blood cholesterol in an animal model, wrote, "Mice on a C57BL/6 background after receiving a high fat-high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. ApoD−/− mice had higher HDL-cholesterol levels (61±13-apoD−/− vs. 52±10-WT-males; 37±11-apoD−/− vs. 22±2 WT-female) than WT mice with sex-specific changes in total plasma levels of cholesterol and other lipids".

And, "Compared to WT, the HDL of apoD−/− mice showed an increase in large, lipid-rich HDL particles and according to size various quantities and sizes of LDL particles".

The results suggested that long-term users of the Western diet may be associated with the risk of hyperlipidemia.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficulty urination, colic, etc.


Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of hyperlipidemia investigated the effect of ginger extracts on alcohol-induced hyperlipidemia and associated myocardial damage.

The study included 24 Wistar male albino rats (250 ± 20 g) divided into four groups including, normal control (NC) (0.9% NaCl), ginger treated (Gt) (200 mg/Kg b.w.), alcohol-treated (At) (20% of 6g/kg b.w. alcohol), and alcohol along with Ginger treatment (At+Gt).

Before ginger administration, alcohol-induced myocardial damage rats showed an increased lipid profile except for high-density lipoprotein compared with the control.

Ginger treatment significantly inhibited the alcohol-induced lipid profiles caused by the injection of alcohol except for high-density lipoproteins.

Furthermore, the ginger treatment also inhibited the elevated cardiac biomarkers activity with alcohol intoxication. In other words, ginger treatment for 7 weeks significantly minimized the alcohol-induced myocardial damage.

Dr. Subbaiah GV, the lead scientist said, "Ginger could protect alcohol-induced myocardial damage by suppression of hyperlipidemia and cardiac biomarkers".

In order to reveal more information about ginger's anti-hypolipidemic effects, researchers examined the hypolipidemic effects of a hydroethanolic ginger extract (GE) in the liver of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

The study included male Wistar rats divided into the following 3 groups: (i) Rats fed a standard diet (3.5% fat), the control group; (ii) rats fed an HFD (33.5% fat); and (iii) rats fed an HFD treated with GE (250 mg·kg-1·day-1) for 5 weeks (HFD+GE).

GE improved lipid profile and attenuated the increase of plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin in HFD rats.

In the depth analysis, researchers found that ginger antihyperlipidemic activity was attributed to the induction of a higher liver expression of proteins associated with a variety of metabolic processes including lipid and enhanced levels of adiponectin which plays a critical role in preventing dyslipidemia.

Taken altogether, ginger may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia with no side effects, pending the confirmation of a large sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Ginger Treatment Ameliorates Alcohol-induced Myocardial Damage by Suppression of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiac Biomarkers in Rats by Subbaiah GV1, Mallikarjuna K2, Shanmugam B1, Ravi S1, Taj PU1, Reddy KS1. (PubMed)
(2) Molecular factors involved in the hypolipidemic- and insulin-sensitizing effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract in rats fed a high-fat diet by de Las Heras N1, Valero-Muñoz M1, Martín-Fernández B1, Ballesteros S1, López-Farré A2, Ruiz-Roso B3, Lahera V1. (PubMed)
(3) A Western-Fed Diet Increases Plasma HDL and LDL-Cholesterol Levels in ApoD–/– Mice by Kamilah Ali, Ehab M. Abo-Ali, M. D. Kabir, 1 Bethany Riggins, 1 Susanna Nguy, 1Lisa Li, 1 Ujala Srivastava, 1 and Su Mya Mya Thinn. (PMC)

#Aloe-Emodin Found in Anise Seed Induces #TongueCancer Cell Death through Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis, Researchers Find

Kyle J. Norton

Tongue cancer is a medical condition characterized by abnormal cell growth in the tongue, due to the alternation of cell DNA.
Most cases of cancer start in the cell of the inner lining tissue of the tongue. At stage 0, cancer cells are not found in the deeper layers of tissue, therefore, most patients at this stage may not experience any symptoms.

At the advanced stage, cancerous cells may travel a distance away from the tongue to infect other healthy tissues or organs through the circulation of fluids and blood, leading to secondary metastasis.

The most common secondary metastasis of tongue cancer is the mouth and muscle surrounding the mouth.

In 2018, approximately 17, 000 new cases of tongue cancer were diagnosed, representing 1% of all cancer cases in the US. Tongue cancer also causes the death of 2,500 people in the country.

The lifetime risk of tongue cancer is 0.4 % including men and women, based on 2013-2015 data. The 5 years survival of all stages of tongue cancer is 65.8%, according to the National Cancer Institute.

If you experience symptoms of a persistent red or white patch on your tongue, a tongue ulcer with persistent pain that is not healed in 3 weeks, mouth numbness a sore throat with persistent bleeding from your tongue, and lumps that do not go away, you may have tongue cancer. Please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

According to the report by the National Institute of Health, “Men who have performed oral sex on five or more women are at greater risk of developing head and neck cancer, especially if they smoke,” the Evening Standard reports.

This story is based on a US study that looked at 9,425 people aged 20 to 59 who provided information about their number of oral sex partners and were tested for oral human papillomavirus (HPV).


Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region.

The popular herb has been used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, stimulant, and tonic agent to treat head-lice and mites, increase blood pressure, prevent the formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps, etc.

Besides the main ingredient Anethole, herbal Anise also contains, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

With an aim to discover a natural ingredient or whole food for the treatment of tongue squamous carcinoma with no side effects researchers at the China Medical University, assessed the effects of safrole, one of the important food-borne phytotoxins of herbal Anise.

Injection of safrole showed a significant effect in inducing apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells.

Safrole-induced apoptosis was attributed to stimulating the function of a protein associated with the secured cell death pathways and inhibiting the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins.

These results were also observed through the ratio of the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins found after the injection of safrole.

According to the real-time PCR assay, safrole also promoted the mRNA expressions of proteins involved in the mediation of mitochondrial events of apoptosis in SCC-4 cells.

Dr. the lead scientist, wrote in the report, "Safrole is a cytotoxic effect in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells by inducing apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis of SCC-4 cells by safrole is involved in mitochondria- and caspase-dependent signal pathways".

Additionally in examining aloe-emodin, one of the anthraquinones found in the anise seed, researchers assessed the anti-cancer effect of aloe-emodin on human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells.

Injection of aloe-emodin induced cell death through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Treatment with 30 microM of aloe-emodin led to cell cycle arrest through activation of the protein involved in tumor suppression and suppressed the proteins associated with regulating progression through the cell cycle.


Furthermore, aloe-emodin promoted the release of apoptosis through several inducing factors (AIF) (including endonuclease G (Endo G), procaspase-9, and cytochrome c from the mitochondria via a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m))).

Moreover, injection of the free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and caspase inhibitors markedly blocked aloe-emodin-induced apoptosis.

Taken altogether, herbal Anise processed bioactive compounds safrole and aloe-emodin may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of tongue squamous carcinoma.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


References
(1) Safrole induces cell death in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through mitochondria-dependent caspase activation cascade apoptotic signaling pathways by Yu FS, Huang AC, Yang JS, Yu CS, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu CF, Chung JG. (PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin induces cell death through S-phase arrest and caspase-dependent pathways in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells by Chiu TH, Lai WW, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Lai TY, Wu PP, Ma CY, Yeh CC, Ho CC, Lu HF, Wood WG, Chung JG.(PubMed)

#Betacyanins Inhibit Overexpression of the Enzyme in Prostaglandin Biosynthesis Associated with the Risk of Cancer In Vitro

Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases caused by cell growth and multiplies disorderedly and uncontrollably in the body.
Depending on the type and grade of cancer, some cancers can be progressively worse and damage other healthy tissues. Sometimes cancers can spread to other tissues and organs in the body via lymph or blood.

Under normal circumstances, cell growth is a natural process. Every day millions of cells grow to replace millions of dead cells and to keep our body in balance and healthy.

Sometimes, acceleration of cell growth is necessary to prevent further damage to the body organ, such as cuts, injury, etc., but after fulfilling their purposes, the growth of cells is back to a normal rate again.

In other words, cell growth or cell division is limit to a number of cycles due to our body growth inhibitors, before replacing by new cells.

In cancer cells, the cycle of cell growth can be indefinite.

Depending on the type of cells that initiates cancer, cancers can be classified into
* Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignant tumor found in anywhere of the epithelial tissues lining the cavities, surfaces of structures, and glands. Although the formation of the malignant tumor in the epithelium is still unknown, it possesses and associates the characteristics of epithelial cells, including those of the breast, prostate, lung, and colon.

* Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from malignantly connective tissue cells originating from embryonic germ cells or bone, cartilage, and fat tissues and cells.

* Lymphoma and leukemia:
Hematopoietic cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all types of blood cell, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that become cancerous.

* Germ cell tumor
Cancer is derived from pluripotent cells. In adults, these are most often found in the testicle and ovary but are more common in babies and young children.

* Blastoma
Cancer is derived from immature "precursor" or embryonic tissue. These are also commonest in children.

According to the statistics provided by the National Cancer Institute, approximately 38.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetimes. In 2017, an estimated 15,270 children and adolescents ages 0 to 19 were diagnosed with cancer, and 1,790 died of the disease.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a potential and natural compound for the treatment of cancer with no side effects, researchers examined the soluble natural food colors betacyanins and anthocyanins isolated from Beta vulgaris.

Based on the results of these natural pigments, alone and in combination, evaluated for their relative potencies using MCF-7 (breast), HCT-116 (colon), AGS (stomach), CNS (central nervous system), and NCI-H460 (lung) tumor cell lines, betacyanins, and anthocyanins showed a significant effect in the inhibition of enzyme COX-2 associated with the promotion of tumor growth and suppression of tumor apoptosis.

Furthermore, the COX-1 associated with the promotion of overexpression of the enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis in tumor onset and progression is also inhibited by the administration of betacyanins and anthocyanins.

Moreover, betacyanins showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition against breast, colon, stomach, central nervous system, and lung tumor cells.

Interestingly, in the chemical analysis, researchers found that the combination exerted synergistic effects, and chemical interactions at various concentrations against tested cancer cell lines.
Finally, Only the mixture of anthocyanin and betanin negated their efficacy in the cell growth inhibitory assay and did not enhance the COX enzyme inhibitory activity.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "This is the first report of a comparative evaluation and the impact on biological activities of these pigments alone and in combination".

Taken altogether, betacyanins used alone or combined with other herbal remedies may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Relative inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, and human tumor cell proliferation by natural food colors by Reddy MK1, Alexander-Lindo RL, Nair MG. (PubMed)
(3) Most common Types of Cancer - What is Cancer? by Kyle J. Norton

#Carotenoids with High Levels of #Lycopene Inhibit the Risk of #ProstateCancer and High-Grade Invasive #ProstateCancer

Kyle J. Norton

The prostate warped around the urethra is a gland of the male reproductive system found in front of the rectum and just below the bladder and responsible for making some of the semen that carries sperm.
Prostate cancer is a medical and chronic condition caused by cells' growth irregular in the prostate gland. Most cases of prostate cancer are slow-growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during Physical (rectum) exams.

Most cases of prostate cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the prostate tissue before penetrating into deeper layers to induce colonization.

At the advanced stage, the prostate cancer cells can spread to distant parts of the body, leading to secondary metastasis.

Prostate cancer can be diagnosed by* Blood tests
* Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
In DRE, your doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel the surface of the prostate gland to check for any abnormality of the prostate.

* Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
Ultrasound allows your doctor to visualize and assess the size of your prostate and to check for any abnormality and surrounding area with an image taken from the test. In transrectal ultrasound, a probe is inserted into the rectum to emit ultrasonic impulses against the prostate.

* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
The test is to measure the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by the prostate. The high levels of PSA may be an indication of a higher risk of the presence of prostate cancer.

* Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) test
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a test to measure the level of prostatic acid phosphatase, an enzyme produced by the prostate. The higher levels of PAP are an indication of the disease progression.

* Prostate biopsy
In a prostate biopsy, samples of the prostate are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of cancer.

According to the statistics, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men particularly in older over 65, after skin cancer. in 2019, approximately 174,650 men in the US will be diagnosed with prostate cancer.

The average age of diagnosis is 66.

Carotenoids are a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including lycopene and carotene, found abundantly in ripe tomatoes, pumpkins, carrots, corn, and daffodils.

On finding a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, researchers examined the effect of carotenoid levels on the risk of high-grade prostate cancer.

The study included the measurement of plasma levels of carotenoids and genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, XRCC1, and OGG1 in 559 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.
According to the results from tested assays, the serum of circulated carotenoid levels was inversely associated with the risk of high-grade prostate cancer, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.34 compared to the highest versus lowest quartiles.

In chemical analysis, the relative odds ratio of α-carotene,β-carotene, lycopene, and total carotenoids.was 0.31, .55, 34, and 0.37 respectively.

In other words, all major phytochemicals found in carotenoids work synergistically to enhance the efficacy of carotenoids against the risk of high-grade prostate cancer.

Furthermore, the presence of the SNPs rs25489 in XRCC1, rs699473 in SOD3, and rs1052133 in OGG1 genotypes also was found to modify the activity of α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene, respectively.

Believe it or not, the high serum of lycopene was found among men with a Gleason score ≤ 3 + 4 and lower FGA (P = 0.04).

More precisely, the efficacy of carotenoids reduced the risk of prostate cancer, however, the risk of high-grade invasive prostate cancer are depending on the levels of lycopene.

Dr. Nordström T, the lead scientist said, "Higher lycopene level was associated with less genomic instability among men with the low-grade disease which is novel and supports the hypothesis that lycopene may inhibit the progression of prostate cancer early in its natural history".

Taken altogether, carotenoids may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of carotenoids in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Associations between circulating carotenoids, genomic instability and the risk of high-grade prostate cancer by Nordström T1,2,3, Van Blarigan EL1,2, Ngo V1, Roy R4, Weinberg V5, Song X6, Simko J1,7, Carroll PR1, Chan JM1,2, Paris PL. (PubMed)
(2) Anticancer properties of carotenoids in prostate cancer. A review by Soares Nda C1, Teodoro AJ2, Lotsch PF3, Granjeiro JM3, Borojevic R. (PubMed)
(3) Prostate Cancer by Kyle J, Norton