#Bromelain Inhibits the Symptoms of #Osteoarthritis (#OA) Compared to Those of #Diclofenac, Researchers Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is a condition associated with aging-induced wear and tear on a joint or joint.

The condition is prevalent in older adults, affecting over 25 million people in the US with no sign of stopping.

According to the University of Porto Medical School, the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to the case definition, are in the knee, hip, and hand joints(3).

The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty in moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in a change of weather, at night.

In advanced diseases, pain can occur even at rest(8).

Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

Some researchers suggested that OA is not simply a disease related to aging or mechanical stress of joints but rather a “metabolic disorder(70)(71)” interrelated to lipid, metabolic, and humoral mediators(70).

Indeed, OA has been linked not only to obesity(46)(47) but also to other cardiovascular risk factors(72)(73), namely, diabetes(74), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance(75).

More precisely, the majority of patients with OA also suffer from one or more of the below conditions
* Hypertension
According to the University Health Network Research Institute, the economic burden incurred by RA significantly exceeds that related to OA and HBP(76)(77).

* Cardiovascular disease
According to Erasmus University Medical Centre, there is an association of atherosclerosis with osteoarthritis of the knee and hand joints in women(72)(73)(78).

*Peripheral vascular disease
According to Himchan Hospital, patients with osteoarthritis are associated with a risk of asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease(80). The average vessel wall thickness of the popliteal artery was 1.09 mm in patients with generalized OA, and 0.96 mm in the matched normal reference population(79).

* Congestive heart failure
Hypertension, diabetes, and older age have been shown to increase the risk of Congestive heart failure modestly(81).

* Renal function impairment
According to the Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, pain pharmacotherapies such as osteoarthritis (OA) or mixed OA and rheumatoid arthritis may increase the risk of adverse events in patients with concurrent cardiovascular (CV) or renal disease(83).

6. Diabetes
Several epidemiological and experimental data support the hypothesis that diabetes could be an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA)(76)(85).

* Respiratory disease
People with respiratory disease are also at a higher risk to develop osteoarthritis (OA), including chronic cough and bilateral infiltrates on chest roentgenogram(86).

* High serum of cholesterol
There is an association between high serum cholesterol levels and both knee and generalized OA, according to the study of 113 females and 133 males with average ages 46 14.2 and 51.54 16.0 years by King Khalid University Hospital(87).

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

On finding a natural compound from healthy food to treat inflammatory diseases, researchers examined the effects of bromelain on patients with knee osteoarthritis.

The randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial included 47 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe knee OA randomized to 12 weeks of bromelain 800 mg/day or placebo, with a 4-week follow-up.

According to the results from 31 patients who completed the trial, including 14 in the bromelain group and 17 in the placebo group, both treatment groups showed clinically relevant improvement in the WOMAC disability subscale only with a mild adverse outcome.

In order to reveal and confirm the effects of bromelain on OA, a joint randomized, single-blind, active-controlled pilot study. led by Mahidol University was conducted in patients with OA for 16 weeks.
40 knee OA patients enrolled in the study were randomized to receive oral bromelain (500 mg/day) or diclofenac (100 mg/day).

According to the tested assays,
* At week 4, the improvement of total WOMAC and pain subscales from baseline was observed in both groups, however, two patients in the diclofenac treatment group showed adverse effects that lead to discontinuation of diclofenac.

* At week 16, the bromelain treatment group showed a significant improvement in all aspects, including total WOMAC scores (12.2 versus 25.5), pain subscales (2.4 versus 5.6), stiffness subscales (0.8 versus 2.0), and function subscales (9.1 versus 17.9), and physical component of SF-36 (73.3 versus 65.4), compared to baseline values.

* Also compared to the based line, the bromelain-treated group also showed a decrease in plasma MDA and LPS-stimulated PGE2 production,

* Bromelain exerted a similar effect to those of diclofenac after 4 weeks.

Taken altogether, bromelain used alone may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study by Brien S1, Lewith G, Walker AF, Middleton R, Prescott P, Bundy R. (PubMed)
(2) Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis by Kasemsuk T1, Saengpetch N2, Sibmooh N1, Unchern S. (PubMed)
(3) Most Common Disease of Elder: The Clinical Trials and Studies of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: Diseases associated with Osteoarthritis by Kyle J. Norton

#Antioxidant 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) Found in Korean Cabbage Inhibits the Onset of Atherosclerosis, Researchers Say

By Kyle J. Norton

The heart-formed part of the circulatory system is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic wastes.

Heart disease is a group of medical conditions caused by narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, coronary heart disease, or stroke.

According to the statistic from the CDC, approximately 600,000 Americans die of heart disease every year. The condition is a leading cause of death in both men and women.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition associated with plaque building up in the arteries, leading to the narrowing of the arterial function in the transportation of oxygenated blood to the heart and other blood of the body.

Plaques are substances made up of the accumulated fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, including cadmium.

Long-term accumulation of plaque can also cause hardening and stiffing of arterial walls can lead to the blockage of the arteries and risk of heart disease depending on the location of the blockage.

Most people in the early stage of atherosclerosis do not experience any symptoms. However, as the condition progresses and the location is affected, patients may develop chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and anxiety.

The most common causes of atherosclerosis are the imbalance of the ratio of bad cholesterol and good cholesterol in the blood, long-term smoking, obesity, an increase in age, obesity, and some medical conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.


Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belonging to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem that is crowded with a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.

With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of heart disease, researchers examined the effect of effects of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) originating from Korean cabbage on the prevention of atherosclerosis.

The experiments included 21 3-month-old rabbits fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol and 10% (w/w) coconut oil, whereas another two groups were given an atherogenic diet with intravenous injection of either HDMPPA or simvastatin (0.33 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks.

According to the tested analysis, HDMPPA injected group not only showed a significant effect on the inhibition of the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (IC 50 = 1.4 microg/mL) but also increased 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 0.78 microg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner.

In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, the thickness of the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein in the HDMPPA group was significantly reduced (control versus HDMPPA, 42%; simvastatin, 38%) without affecting the levels of cholesterol.

Furthermore, the plasma of the HDMPPA group exerted a significantly decreased activity against oxidation compared to that of the control group.

More precisely, HDMPPA also inhibited the generation of vascular reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in the initiation of inflammation.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "HDMPPA prevents the development of aortic atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. The antiatherosclerotic effect of HDMPPA may be due to an antioxidative effect at a low dose without cholesterol-lowering effects".


Taken altogether, Korean cabbage may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, an active principle of kimchi, inhibits development of atherosclerosis in rabbits by Kim HJ1, Lee JS, Chung HY, Song SH, Suh H, Noh JS, Song YO. (PubMed)
(2) Beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich Olive Oil in patients with early atherosclerosis by RJ Widmer,*,1 MA Freund,*,1 AJ Flammer,1 J Sexton,1 R Lennon,1 A Romani,2 N Mulinacci,2FF Vinceri,2 LO Lerman,1 and A Lerman. (PMC)

#Healthyfood #Carrot Inhibits the #OxidativeStress Against the Onset of Liver Toxicity, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Including a portion of carrots in your daily diet may have a protective effect against liver diseases, some scientists suggested.

Hepatoprotection is the ability of certain agents which process the properties to reduce the injurious effects or to preserve the normal hepatic physiological mechanisms. In most cases, liver injury is the result of overexpression of toxin accumulation in the liver.

The exact causes of liver diseases are unknown. However, researchers believed that liver disease can be caused by a genetic mutation gene inherited from the parents or by viruses and excessive alcohol drinking.

Some researchers also suggested that liver damage is also associated with patients who are obese.
Long-term use of certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is also found to damage the liver.

Untreated liver damage can lead to liver scars, which in the long run can increase the risk of liver failure, a life-threatening complication.

Besides symptoms of digestive discomforts, depending on the stage of the liver damage, patients may also experience symptoms of jaundice on the skin and eyes, abdominal pain, and swelling, particularly, swelling in the legs and ankles, and darkening urine color.

If you have experienced some of the above symptoms, please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is a subspecies of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.

In the investigation of the liver protective activity of methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds in an experimental rats model, researchers at the Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy assigned randomly into 4 groups of rats (two tests, standard and toxic control).

Two test groups received D. carota seeds extract (DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.

The standard group received silymarin (25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. The control group received the only vehicle.

All animals were given thioacetamide 100 mg/kg s.c to induce oxidative stress through overproduction of ROS and reduced levels of antioxidants in the hosts.

On the 8th day, in observation of animal liver before treatment, researchers found that levels of the antioxidant enzymes produced by the host, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were decreased and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were significantly higher compared to control.

However, the rat group treated with methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds showed a significant decrease in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which are associated to several expressions of liver diseases and increased levels of natural antioxidants produced by the body.

These results suggested that methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds processes properties on inhibition of oxidative stress facilitated liver damage and stimulation of the host in the production of antioxidants from the hosts.

In other words, the methanolic extract of Daucus carota (D. carota) seeds exerted a liver protective effect by restoring the ratio of levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in the tested animals.

Further analysis of the efficacy of carrot, mango, and wheat extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, researchers at Ain Shams University conducted an animal study including 4 albino rats.

Rats used in the experiment were divided randomly into 5 groups. Group 1 was fed a basal diet and group 2 was fed a basal diet and CCl4. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with carrot, mango, and wheat extracts, respectively, in addition to a basal diet and CCl4.

Observation of the tested rat's liver fed with the extract displayed anti-hepatocellular toxicity caused by injection CCL4 decreased significantly compared to before treatment.

According to assays, lipid profile, and liver enzymes, markers were decreased remarkably, and total protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased dramatically.

Makers of oxidative stress expressed through levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also decreased noticeably

These results indicated a strong effect of the extracts in reduced lipid peroxidation by increased levels of antioxidants in inhibition of the reactive oxygen species in the induction of oxidative stress.

Dr. Ebeid HM, the lead author after taking into account other co and confounders said, "Microscopic examination of the treated rats exhibited a normal histopathological structure" and "carrot, mango, and wheat extracts could be used as nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment against hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress".

Taken together, carrot and its bioactive extracts used alone or combined with mango, and wheat extracts may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk of liver diseases caused by overexpression of free radicals.

Intake of supplementation should be taken with exceptional care in the prevention of acute liver toxicity.
However, additional data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of carrot's liver protective possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) In vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Daucus carota seeds in experimental animals by Singh K1, Singh N, Chandy A, Manigauha A.(PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of wheat, carrot, and mango as nutraceutical agents against CCl4-induced hepatocellular toxicity by Ebeid HM1, Gibriel AA, Al-Sayed HM, Elbehairy SA, Motawe EH.(PubMed)

#Herbal #Bilberry Inhibits the Onset of #UlcerativeColitis Through Antioxidant and Anti inflammatorey Activities, Scientists Show

By Kyle J. Norton

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) caused by the inflammation associated with the colon and rectum.

Symptoms of UC is totally depending on the severity of the disease, including diarrhea, often with blood or pus, persistent abdominal pain, rectal pain, and bleeding, particularly the inability to defecate despite the urgency.

Some patients with UC may also have symptoms of weight loss, and fatigue fever.

According to the statistics in the US, out of 1.6 million Americans with inflammatory bowel disease, 907,000 of them have ulcerative colitis.

Depending on the location, the most common types of UC can be classified into
* Acute severe ulcerative colitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate hospitalization. The condition affects the entire colon with severe acute symptoms of pain, profuse diarrhea, bleeding, and fever.

* Ulcerative proctitis is an Inflammation of the anus (rectum), inducing symptoms of rectal bleeding.

* Proctosigmoiditis is an Inflammation involved in the rectum and sigmoid colon (lower end of the colon).

The exact causes of UC are not clear. Some researchers suggested there are a complex interaction of genetics, immune response, and environmental triggers that cause the onset of the disease.

The most common risk factors of UC include genetic preposition, autoimmune diseases, smoking, use of certain medications such as antibiotics, and smoking.

Some researchers suggested that UC may be correlated with the increase in age as the disease affected 10–30% of the population older than 60 years.

Dr. Wei-Chen, the lead scientist wrote, " Elderly patients with UC will be seen more frequently with the aging of the population and increasing incidence of UC. The management of UC in the elderly population is more complex due to comorbidities and polypharmacy".


Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrub in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.

The plant has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

On finding a natural compound or whole food for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), as a significant fraction of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is not sufficiently controlled with conventional therapy or suffer from therapy-related side effects, researchers examined the anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (ARBE) on the colon specimens obtained during an open pilot study using ARBE for the treatment of mild-to-moderate UC.

Pretreatment of ARBE inhibited the expression of IFN-γ-receptor 2 which plays a critical role in the regulation of mediated immune responses and organ-specific autoimmunity in human THP-1 monocytic cells.

After 6 weeks of treatment, ARBE treatment revealed reduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α.

Furthermore, ARBE treatment featured enhanced levels of Th17-cell-specific cytokine IL-22 and immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 by restoring the balance between Th17 and Treg cells and preventing the risk of chronic inflammation and pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases.

Dr. Roth S, the lead scientist after taking other factors into account wrote, "a molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of ARBE treatment in UC patients by modulating T-cell cytokine signaling and inhibiting IFN-γ signal transduction".

In order to reveal more information about the bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) property on UC, researchers analyzed the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects with an aim to explore the therapeutic potential of bilberries in the active UC.

In the open pilot trial with a total follow-up of 9 weeks, the effect of a daily standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation included 13 patients with mild to moderate UC.

At the end of the 6-week treatment interval, 63.4% of patients achieved remission, the primary endpoint, while 90.9% of patients showed a response.
In all patients, a decrease in total Mayo score was detected (mean: 6.5 and 3.6 at screening and week 7, respectively; p<0.001).

Fecal calprotectin levels significantly decreased during the treatment phase (baseline: mean 778 μg/g, range 192-1790 μg/g; end of treatment: mean 305 μg/g, range <30-1586 μg/g; p=0.049), including 4 patients achieving undetectable levels at end of treatment.

No serious adverse events were observed.


The finding strongly supports the regular use of standardized anthocyanin-rich bilberry preparation in UC in humans.

Dr. Biedermann L, said at the end of the experience, "These results clearly indicate a therapeutic potential of bilberries in UC. Further studies on mechanisms and randomized clinical trials are warranted".

Taken altogether, bilberry-processed abundantly bioactive compound anthocyanin may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of UC, pending the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Bilberry-Derived Anthocyanins Modulate Cytokine Expression in the Intestine of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Roth S1, Spalinger MR1, Gottier C1, Biedermann L1, Zeitz J1, Lang S1, Weber A2, Rogler G1,3, Scharl M. (PubMed)
(2) Bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis - an open pilot study by Biedermann L1, Mwinyi J, Scharl M, Frei P, Zeitz J, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR, Fried M, Weber A, Humpf HU, Peschke S, Jetter A, Krammer G, Rogler G. (PubMed)
(3) Ulcerative Colitis in Elderly People: An Emerging Issue by Wei-ChenLin, Ming-JenChen, Cheng-HsinChua, Tsang-EnWang, Horng-YuanWang, Chen-WangChang. (Science Direct)

#Antioxidant #Lycopene Inhibits the Onset of Acute Cholestasis, Researchers Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Cholestasis is a condition associated with an improper secretion of bile by the liver, leading to symptoms of yellowish skin and whites of the eyes, skin itches, urine is dark urine, and stools with light-colored and smell foul.
The most common cholestasis is caused by diseases or conditions associated with the liver, bile duct, and pancreas.

More precisely, liver diseases such as acute hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis with inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, and cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis B or C are the most common causes of cholestasis.

Epidemiologically, long-term use of conventional medicines such as amoxicillin/clavulanate, chlorpromazine, and azathioprine is also found to induce the aforementioned condition.

In pregnancy, cholestasis has been found to increase symptoms of itchiness and the risk for fetal distress, preterm birth, or stillbirth.

The exact causes of cholestasis in pregnancy are unknown. However, the most common risk factors associated with cholestasis pregnancy are personal or family history of cholestasis of pregnancy and a history of liver damage.

Conventionally, treatment is depending on the severity of the symptoms induced by the conditions, including, ursodeoxycholic acid, to relieve itching and increase bile flow, and menthol creams, to help soothe the itching.


Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoids, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world's diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a potential compound for the prevention of disease associated with liver oxidative stress, researchers examined the effects of lycopene on the pathogenesis of cholestasis.

Wistar albino rats. selected to the study were randomized into 3 groups, including the sham group subjected to a sham operation, the BDL group subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL), and the BDL+L group subjected to BDL and treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of lycopene.

Based on the tested analysis, after 7 days of treatment, the administration of lycopene showed a significant amelioration of the liver abnormal function parameters in BDL rats.

The efficacy of lycopene in treating the acute cholestasis involved in the reduction or stoppage of bile flow by the liver was attributed to significant reduce the levels of malondialdehyde, the liver oxidative stress markers, and nitric oxide associated with the overexpression free radicals.

Furthermore, lycopene also enhanced the levels of antioxidants produced by the host observed by the normalization of the levels of glutathione levels and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S transferase activities in the BDL rats.

According to the comet assay, lycopene also protected cellular integrity against the alternation of DNA in the lymphocytes and hepatocytes of the BDL rats.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "These results suggest that lycopene might have protective effects on acute cholestasis".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomatoes may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of acute cholestasis, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene in acute cholestasis by Tokaç M, Aydin S, Taner G, Özkardeş AB, Yavuz Taşlipinar M, Doğan M, Dündar HZ, Kiliç M, Başaran AA, Başaran AN. (PubMed)

#Antioxidant 3,3'-#Diindolylmethane Inhibits the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines that Cause Inflammation, According to Researchers

By Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system which tries to protect our body by destroying harmful pathogens before they cause damage.

In the acute phase of infection, the immune system's white blood cells in the first line of defense stimulate the production of a blood palette to cover the wound and the production of inflammatory cytokines to kill off micro-organisms, leading to symptoms of fever, redness, and swelling.

Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in some cases has been found to damage nearby healthy cells and tissues, causing the formation of scars.

In severe cases, a protein with duo functions in the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines which produce anti-inflammatory cytokines under normal conditions also switch to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Most harmful pathogens are stopped at the acute phase of infection. However, if the immune first line of defense can not completely destroy the invaders within a period of 3 to 8 weeks, it will compromise, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation.
Diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation include diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Conventional treatment of acute phase inflammation is to manage inflammation and prevent the risk of long-term damage, including anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which can be bought without a prescription.


3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kale, etc.


In the urgency of finding a potential compound that processes a strong anti-inflammatory activity, researchers examined the effects of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a condensation product of indole-3-carbinol, and a glucosinolate naturally occurring in Brassica genus vegetables.

The study was carried out by differentiating the 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the co-cultured with RAW 264.7 macrophages and exposed to 20 µM, 40 µM, and 60 µM DIM for 24 h followed by 100 nM insulin for 20 min.

According to the tested assays, DIM significantly (p<0.05) reduced the production and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, and TNFα) in a concentration-dependent manner.

Injection of DIM was found to increase the expression of proteins involved in the positive regulation of metabolism and proliferation (IRS-1 pY612 and Akt-1/PKB pT308) through its anti-inflammatory properties.

In other words, DIM influences the glucose metabolic pathway by exerting an anti-inflammatory effect.

Dr.Lopez-Vazquez A, the lead scientist said, "The potential therapeutic benefits of DIM in the treatment of glucose metabolic disorders deserve further studies".

In order to reveal more information about DIM anti-inflammatory effects, researchers examined the dietary components found in cruciferous vegetables, on brain inflammation.


Administration of DIM suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of reactive oxygen species and promoted the production of antioxidant enzymes in the host by inhibiting the microglial hyperactivation by attenuating inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB.

Furthermore, DIM protected primary cortical neurons from inflammatory toxicity induced by LPS.

In vivo model of neuroinflammation, DIM also suppressed LPS-induced brain inflammation in mouse hippocampus.

Based on the findings, Dr. Kim HW, the lead researcher said, "DIM may have beneficial potential against brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases through the negative regulation of the NF-κB signal pathway in microglia".

Taken altogether, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Back to Kyle J. Norton's Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) IRS-1 pY612 and Akt-1/PKB pT308 Phosphorylation and Antiinflammatory Effect of Diindolylmethane in Adipocytes Cocultured with Macrophages by Lopez-Vazquez A1, Garcia-Banuelos JJ2, Gonzalez-Garibay AS1, Urzua-Lozano PE1, Del Toro-Arreola S1, Bueno-Topete MR1, Sanchez-Enriquez S3, Munoz-Valle JF4, Jave-Suarez LF5, Armendariz-Borunda J6, Bastidas-Ramirez BE. (PubMed)
(2) 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial hyperactivation and attenuates brain inflammation by Kim HW1, Kim J, Kim J, Lee S, Choi BR, Han JS, Lee KW, Lee HJ. (PubMed)

#Antioxdiant #Cucurbitacin B (CuB) Isolated from Cucumber Reduces the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Vitro and Vivo, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Prostate cancer found mostly in older men is a chronic condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the prostate tissues caused by the alternation of cell DNA.

Most cases of prostate cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissue before penetrating into deeper layers to induce a malignant tumor.

Believe it or not, prostate cancer can be classified into many different types, depending on the type of cell that causes the onset of primary cancer.

* Adenocarcinomas, are the most common type of prostate cancer that develops in the gland cells that line the prostate gland.

* Ductal adenocarcinoma, the type of cancer starts in the cells that line the ducts (tubes) of the prostate gland. r

* Transitional cell cancer is cancer that starts in the cells that line the tube carrying urine to the outside of the body (the urethra).
* Squamous cell cancer is found to develop from flat cells that cover the prostate.
* Small-cell prostate cancer is found in tissue made up of small round cells.

Prostate cancer can also be classified into different stages

1. Stage 0
If the cancerous cell has not penetrated deeper tissue but on the surface of the prostate lining.

2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer on the surface but have invaded into deep the prostate lining, but still completely inside the prostate.
a. Stage IA1
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1: The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.

b. Stage IB:
Cancer in this stage has invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5cm (2 inches).

b.1. Stage IB1: Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).b.2. Stage IB2: Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (2 inches)

3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues but are still within the prostate.

4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells have spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the prostate.

5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells have spread to the tissues immediately outside of the prostate, into other distant parts of the body


The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, and is native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a natural and potential ingredient for the treatment of prostate cancer with no side effects, researchers investigated Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural compound isolated from cucumber and other vegetables.

In PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, CuB significantly and specifically inhibited prostate cancer cell growth with low IC50 at a concentration of 0.3 μM.


CuB-induced cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the proteins associated with programmed cell death and pro-apoptotic pathways.

Furthermore, the bioactive compound also increased the accumulation of the Sub-G0/G1 population before exhibiting cell cycle arrest.

According to the results of a chemopreventive model, pre-treatment of mice with CuB(2 weeks before PC-3 prostate cancer cell implantation significantly reduced the rate of in vivo tumor formation.

Moreover, CuB resulted in a 79% reduction in tumor size (accompanied by marked in situ apoptosis) of the treated group without causing noticeable toxicity compared to controls on day 31.


In vitro and in the CuB-chemopreventive mouse model, CuB at a dose-dependent inhibited enzyme ATP citrate lyase phosphorylation associated with cancer cell metabolism.


The findings suggested that CuB harbors potent chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer via a number of mechanisms, without inducing harmful side effects.

Taken altogether, cucumber processed with a high amount of CuB may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of CuB in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.



Sources
(1) Inactivation of ATP citrate lyase by Cucurbitacin B: A bioactive compound from cucumber, inhibits prostate cancer growth by Gao Y1, Islam MS1, Tian J1, Lui VW2, Xiao D. (PubMed)