Ginger, the Natural and Potential Chemotherapy

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a kitchen spice which processes a potential to induce cancer cell death by cytotoxicity, according to studies.

Cytotoxicity is a process that stimulates the ability of certain chemicals or mediator cells to destroy living cells.

In herbal medicine, injection of plant extracts in some cases also induce cytotoxic effects to kill cancer cells without causing harm to nearby healthy cells through the protection of increased production of antioxidant enzymes.

In other words, the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer can induce no side effects.

In cancer, the cytotoxic activity is carried out by the overexpression reactive oxygen activity, leading to cancer cells apoptosis through a number of mechanisms, including cell death programming and cell cycle arrest proteins.

In healthy cells, the ROS cytotoxic activity can also cause significant damage to the proteins, lipid, and DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cancer.

Some researchers suggested that by activating the expression gene associated with tumor suppression to prevent the damage of healthy cell during the injection chemo drugs may provide a necessary step for the prevention of chemo side effects in cancer patients.

Dr. Chit Fang Cheok, in the differentiation of protecting normal cells from the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, wrote, "The occurrence of intolerable side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy is still a major clinical hurdle. Finding tumor-specific therapy and exploiting the differences between normal cells and tumor cells has led to strategies targeting oncogenic mutations or the deficiency of tumor suppressor pathways in cancers".

And, "The concept requires the use of two drugs, the first to arrest the normal cells and the second, to kill only cycling (tumor) cells".

More interestingly, "several recent studies demonstrate that p53 activation protects normal cells from the toxicity of drugs acting in the S-phase or M-phase, including Ara-C,2 taxol,3 Aurora kinase inhibitors4, and Polo-like kinase inhibitors".

These results strongly suggested the model provided by the herbal medicine may some days be used by the conventional medicine for treatment of cancer without causing severe side effects.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural ingredient for the treatment of cancer examined the ginger cytotoxic activity on cancer cells.

In vivo, researchers compared the anticancer effect of ginger in a total of 80 OV and nitrosamine (OV/ DMN)-induced CCA hamsters fed with the ginger extract at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight daily or every alternate day for 30 days vs control groups consisting of 10 hamsters for each group fed with 5-fluorouracil (positive control) or distilled water (untreated control).

Injection of crude ethanolic extracts of ginger at a dose of 10.95, 53.15, and 27.86 μg/ml with Median IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) values exerted strong cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities.

The crude ethanolic extracts of ginger demonstrated a 7-9 fold in exhibited the function of genes associated with the transportation of the chemo drugs observed by the DNA fragments on the cancer cell line.

The extract also induced acute and subacute toxicity at the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight. 

Furthermore, the injection displayed a strong effect on the survival time and survival rate of the CCA-bearing hamsters compared to the control group (median of 54 vs 17 weeks.

Dr. Plengsuriyakarn T, the lead scientist said, "Results from these in vitro and in vivo studies thus indicate promising anticancer activity of the crude ethanolic extract of ginger against CCA with the absence of any significant toxicity".

Moreover, in the examined ginger anti-cancer activity, researchers investigated the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of ginger essential oil (GEO).

GEO showed potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against DLA and EAC cell lines. The IC50 values for DLA cell line and EAC cell line 18 μg/ml. were found to be 11 μg/ml and 18 μg/ml, respectively.

However, on L929 cell lines and to Vero cells, The IC50 of GEO was found to be 41 μg/ml and ˃100 ug/ml, respectively, a significant higer compared to the DLA cell line and EAC cell line.

Additionally, treatment with GEO (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the volume of solid tumor development by 54.4% and 62.4% respectively and the lifespan was increased up to 50% in 1000 mg/kg b. wt GEO treated ascites tumor-induced animals.

The findings once again, reconfirm the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of ginger.

Taken altogether, ginger, the kitchen and pungent spice may be considered a functional food for the prevention and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of cancer with no or little  side effects, pending to the validity of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity, toxicity, and anticancer activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against cholangiocarcinoma by Plengsuriyakarn T1, Viyanant V, Eursitthichai V, Tesana S, Chaijaroenkul W, Itharat A, Na-Bangchang K. (PubMed)
(2) Antitumor and cytotoxic activity of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale roscoe) by Jeena Kottarapat, Vijayasteltar B Liju, R. Kuttan. (Research Gate)
(3) Protecting normal cells from the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy by Chit Fang Cheok. (PMC)

Ginger Combined with Other Herbal Medicines for The Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a natural ingredient for the treatment of erectile dysfunction with no side effects, according to study.

Erectile dysfunction is a condition in which a man can not get or keep an erection to have sexual intercourse, affecting the self-confidence and contributing to relationship problems.

According to the statistics provided by the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, erectile dysfunction increased with age, affecting 40% and 70% of men in the age group of 40 and 70, respectively.

In other words, the prevalence of complete ED increased from 5% at age 40 to 15% at age 70. 150 million men worldwide have ED.

Age, hypertension, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and daily stress at home and work have been found to associate with the prevalent risk of ED.

Some researchers suggested the prevalence of ED may be correlated to widespread obesity in the Western world.

Dr. Skrypnik D, the lead scientist said, "In The United States it (obesity) causes more than 300 000 deaths per year. It leads to many complications, such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism".

And, " obesity is also an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction in men. 79% of men presenting erectile disorders have BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater. BMI in the range 25-30 kg/m2 is associated with 1,5 times, and in the range of over 30 kg/m2 with a 3 times greater risk of sexual dysfunction".

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

With an aim to find a natural treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction with no side effects, researchers examined the effects of oral administration of Revactin twice daily (total daily dose of 500 mg of ginger root, Muira puama, and Paullinia cupana and 1,600 mg of L-citrulline in 54 middle-aged men with erectile dysfunction.

Based on the results from the complete IIEF-15 questionnaire [domains: erectile function (EF), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), overall satisfaction (OS)] at baseline (B), 1 month (M1), 2 months (M2) and 3 months (M3) and report any side effects, Revactin exerted a strong effect on the increase in median domain scores of OF, SD, IS, OS over 3 months compared to baseline median scores.

However, after taking other factors into account, statistical significance was found only in the EF, IS, and OS median domain scores.

5 patients in the study showed the reporting treatment side effects (e.g., dyspepsia, heartburn, migraine) and none considered severe.

Overall, approximately 50% of the patients reported a significant improvement in EF (P<0.05), compared to baseline.

Dr. Nguyen S, the lead scientist said, "Revactin®, a combination of 3 nutraceuticals packaged with L-citrulline, appears to have the same excellent safety profile known for each of its individual four components".

Take all together, ginger combined with other herbal medicines may be considered functional alternatives for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Safety and efficacy of daily Revactin® in men with erectile dysfunction: a 3-month pilot study by Nguyen S1, Rajfer J2, Shaheen M. (PubMed)
(2) Effect of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l- citrulline, singly or in combination, on modulation of the inducible nitric oxide- NO-cGMP pathway in rat penile smooth muscle cells by Ferrini MG1, Garcia E2, Abraham A2, Artaza JN3, Nguyen S2, Rajfer J4. (PubMed)
(3) [Obesity--significant risk factor for erectile dysfunction in men].[Article in Polish] by Skrypnik D, Bogdański P, Musialik K. (PubMed)

Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), the Anti Viral Herbal Medicine

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Cascara sagrada may be the next generation of the natural vaccine in reducing risk and treatment of viral infection, according to studies.imilar to

Similar to bacterial infection, both infections shared common characteristics by spreading through coughing and sneezing by and contact with infected people, especially through kissing and sex.

However, the virus may also cause infection by entering the body through wound and cut. Most viruses are killed in the acute phase of the infection. 

During this phase, the immune system stimulates the constriction of blood vessels in speeding up the production of blood palette to cover the wound and production of inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to fight off the bacterial and viral invasion.

Most common viruses that cause infection are hepatitis A, B, human papillomavirus (HPV) influenza. mumps, and rubella. People with a weakened immune system are susceptible to acute and chronic viral infection.

According to the article immune factor allows viral infections to become chronic by the University of Bonn, many viral diseases tend to become chronic, including infections with the HI virus. In persons affected, the immune response is not sufficient to eliminate the virus permanently".

Some researchers argued that the chronic infectious diseases may be a result of a weakened immune system which can not kill off the virus with the set period of time during the acute phase of infection, leading to the adaptation of the change, thus reducing the helper T cells in the secretion of inflammatory messengers and reduced function of the tumor necrosis factor in chronic infection compared to the acute phase of infection.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America.

The herbal bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of viral infection examined the effects of emodin, active ingredients from Rheum tanguticum (R. tanguticum, one of the Chinese Rhubarb) and Cascara Sagrada against HSV infection in tissue culture cells and in a mouse model.

Emodin displayed significant inhibition of the replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cell culture at the concentration of 50 μg/ml with an antiviral index of 2.07 and 3.53, respectively.

Emodin treatment also increased the survival rate of HSV-infected mice, prolonged survival time and showed higher efficacy of HSV elimination from brain, heart, liver, and ganglion, compared to the controls.

In vivo, researchers found that emodin demonstrates the antiviral activity similar to that of acyclovir, an antiviral medication.

Compared to the efficacy of antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, injection of emodin specifically inhibited the nuclease activity of HSV-1 UL12 alkaline nuclease, which is necessary for the production of viral DNA according to the biochemical assay.

Emodin reduced the plaque formation or cell to cell infection with an EC50 of 21.5±4.4 μm, according to the plaque reduction assay.

Emodin also inhibited the accumulation of viral nucleocapsids in the nucleus in the initiation of viral transcription and replication in a dose-dependent manner.

Dr. C-Y Hsiang and colleagues suggested that emodin is a potent anti-HSV agent via the suppression of a novel target, UL12.

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada processed abundantly bioactive ingredient emodin may be considered a function remedy for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of viral infection, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299


References
(1) Emodin is a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 yields in cell cultures by C-Y Hsiang1 and T-Y Ho. (PMC)
(2) The effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative extracted from the roots of Rheum tanguticum, against herpes simplex virus in vitro and in vivo by Xiong HR1, Luo J, Hou W, Xiao H, Yang ZQ.(PubMed)
(3) Immune factor allows viral infections to become chronic. Study may lead the way to new therapeutic approaches by Science Daily

Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and type 2 diabetes

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Cascara sagrada may process a strong and positive effect on reducing the risk and treatment of type 2 diabetes, according to studies.

Diabetes is a condition characterized by insulin resistance and abnormally high blood glucose. Most cases of type 2 diabetes are associated with the insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose, caused by either cell in pancreas died off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

Family history, ethnicity, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, high blood cholesterol and fasting glucose overweight or obese are some prevalent risk factors of the disease, according to the epidemiological studies.

Women, having gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome are also at a higher risk of diabetes.

Some researchers also suggested that aging also plays a critical role in inducing the onset of the disease, therefore, anyone over the age of 40 should be tested for diabetes every three years.

The Diabetes Society of Canada went one step further to suggest that anyone who has one or more risk factors should be tested more frequently and/or start regular screening earlier.

Truly, the clinical features of elderly diabetes are significant differences, compared to that of younger age population. Dr. Katarzyna Mordarska, the lead scientist said, "The prevalence of both type 2 diabetes and prediabetes increases with advancing age. The most important factors leading to hyperglycemia as follows deficiency of insulin secretion developing with age, and growing insulin resistance caused by a change in body composition and sarcopenia".

And, "Diabetes in elderly people is often diagnosed with a delay due to atypical symptoms (dementia, urinary incontinence) and occurrence of mainly postprandial hyperglycemia. Elderly people are more exposed to diabetes complications, have more risk of myocardial infarction and end-stage renal disease, and are hospitalized more often due to hypoglycemia than are younger patients"

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers on finding natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes investigated the effect of emodin, a bioactive ingredient isolated from herbal Cascara Sagrada.

Emodin enhanced GLUT4 translocation and [(14)C] function in facilitating the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane of the myotube in an AMPK-dependent manner.

Where 5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) which plays a role in activating the glucose and fatty acid uptake.

Futhermore, emodin also inhibited glucose production by suppressing the expression genes associated with key gluconeogenesis in generating glucose through sources other than carbohydrates, such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

In C57Bl/6J mice, a single dose of emodin significantly decreased the fasting plasma glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance.

According to the insulin tolerance test, administration of emodin also increased insulin sensitivity after daily injection for 8 days.

Dr. the lead scientists said, "emodin regulates glucose homeostasis in vivo by AMPK activation and that this may represent a novel therapeutic principle in the treatment of type 2 diabetic models".

In order to reveal more information about the anti-diabetes of emodin, researchers investigated the effects of emodin on 11beta-HSD1 and its ability to ameliorate metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Where 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) is an attractive therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Emodin exerted its potency as an 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor with the IC(50) of 186 and 86 nM for human and mouse 11beta-HSD1, respectively.

Single oral administration of emodin inhibited the 11beta-HSD1 activity of liver and fat significantly in mice.

Emodin reversed prednisone-induced insulin resistance in mice, without affecting the effect of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, by inhibiting the 11beta-HSD1 in vivo.

In DIO mice, oral administration of emodin improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and lowered blood glucose. 

The findings suggested that emodin processes the potential value for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada with a high amount of emodin may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299

References
(1) Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase by Song P, Kim JH, Ghim J, Yoon JH, Lee A, Kwon Y, Hyun H, Moon HY, Choi HS, Berggren PO, Suh PG, Ryu SH.(PubMed)
(2) Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin: a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ-agonist activity by Chen Z, Zhang L, Yi J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li Z. (PubMed)
(3) Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y. (PubMed)
(4) Diabetes in the elderly by Katarzyna Mordarska1 and Małgorzata Godziejewska-Zawada. (PMC)

Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), the Anti Breast Cancer Functional Herb

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Cascara sagrada may be the next generation of natural chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer, according to studies.

Breast cancer is a medical and chronic condition characterized by cell growth irregularly due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of breast cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the breast tissue, including the milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

At the advanced, the large tumor may press on the nearby blood vessels and nerve cells, leading bleeding and severe pain. Cancer cells from the breast can also travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs at this stage.

Most common breast cancer secondary metastasis is the liver, brain, bones, or lungs.

According to the statistics,  in 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during a lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of breast cancer. However, family and personal history, women with dense breast tissue, use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives, genetic preposition, particularly BRCA1 and 2, tall adult heigh are some prevalent risk factors of the disease.

Some researchers suggested that the increase in the prevalence of breast cancer in overweight and obesity is also a major concern of the scientists' community.

Dr. Manuel Picon‐Ruiz, the lead scientists in the observation of obesity in risk of breast cancer wrote, "Obesity is associated both with a higher risk of developing breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women, and with worse disease outcome for women of all ages" and "... the effects of obesity to increase local and circulating proinflammatory cytokines, promote tumor angiogenesis and stimulate the most malignant cancer stem cell population to drive cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis".

And, "The effects of recent lifestyle interventions to decrease sex steroids, insulin/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 pathway activation and inflammatory biomarkers associated with worse breast cancer outcomes in obesity also are discussed. Although many observational studies indicate that exercise with weight loss is associated with improved breast cancer outcome".

The results strongly suggested that the risk of breast cancer is significantly elevated in obese population compared to healthy adults.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers on clarification of the effects of a bioactive ingredient emodin found abundantly in herbal Cascara Sagrada and Rhubarb. against breast cancer, examined the compound activity on estrogen receptor α (ERα).

Application of emodin demonstrated the capability in inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the ER α protein levels, through blocking the ER α transcriptional activation.

Futhermore, emodin treatment led to the dissociation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) which plays a critical role in stabilizing the proteins against heat stress and ER α and increased ER α ubiquitination in initiation cell degradation.

Dr. Huang PH and colleagues in the final report wrote, "emodin,....specifically suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms".

In order to reveal the additional information of emodin in the inhibition of breast cancer, researchers investigated the anticancer effects of emodin on growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and the expression of apoptosis-related genes in MCF-7 cells.

Emodin showed significant growth inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ = 7.22 µg/ml (∼30 μM) and exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the colony-forming ability of MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ = 7.60 µg/ml (∼30 µM).

The bioactive compound induced breast cancer death observed by the single-strand DNA breakage and DNA fragmentation, in emodin-treated MCF-7 cells.

Moreover, emodin efficacy in causing breast cancer cells apoptosis was attributed to the activation of the gene expression involved the modulation of the immune response to stress and inhibition of the proteins associated with cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Dr. Li WY, the lead scientist after taking into account co and confounders said, "emodin could induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through the modulation of the expression of apoptosis-related genes".

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) processed bioactive emodin may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition, byHuang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(2) Synergistic effects of curcumin with emodin against the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through upregulation of miR-34a. by Guo J, Li W, Shi H, Xie X, Li L, Tang H, Wu M, Kong Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu P, Wei W, Xie X.(PubMed)
(3) Emodin induces cytotoxic effect in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell through modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes by Li WY, Chan RY, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)
(4) Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome: Mechanistic insights and strategies for intervention by Manuel Picon‐Ruiz, PhD, 1 Cynthia Morata‐Tarifa, PhD, 2 Janeiro J. Valle‐Goffin, MD, 3Eitan R. Friedman, MD, 4 and Joyce M. Slingerland, MD, PhD. (PMC)

Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana)The Natural Laxative for Acute and Chronic Constipation with No Side Effects, Scientists Discover

By Kyle J. Norton 

Herbal Cascara Sagrada may have a potential and positive effect in reducing risks and treatment of constipation, according to studies.

Constipation is a condition of infrequent bowel movements caused by hard and dry stool.

Without bowel movement that lasts longer than 3 days is considered having a condition of constipation

Chronic constipation can lead to symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. 

In severe cases, chronic constipation can cause the complications of formation of hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction.

According to the statistic, constipation most often affects women, adults ages 65 and older. Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001.

Most common risk factors for the onset of the condition including, a poor diet with less fiber, overuse of laxatives, certain medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, colon cancer, long-term use of certain medications, such as narcotics, antidepressants and resisting the urge to poop.

Some researchers suggested that atypical defecation habits are one of the most risk factor associated with the risk of constipation that is harder to treat.

Ms. Isabelle Beaudry-Bellefeuille in the examine the risk chronic constipation with atypical defecation habits in children, wrote, "Atypical defecation habits are common and distressing for children and families and can have a major impact on quality of life. Often, no underlying factor can be identified, and the defecation disorder is considered functional".

And,  "Current interventions are not successful for up to 50% of children. We suggest this high failure rate may be caused by a lack of consistency in the descriptors of behavioral indicators for functional defecation problems. Most investigations and descriptors focus on general behavior. There are fewer reports concerning defecation-specific behaviors".

More investigations are necessary before a strategy can be found for the treatment of chronic constipation with atypical defecation habits in children.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America. The herbal bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers in the concerns of the high prevalence of constipation used of laxatives, a colon addictive substance, examined the effects of cascara sagrada accompanied by the infection of ear mushroom.

A total of 34 patients diagnosed with functional constipation according to the definition of the modified Rome II criteria. divided into 3 groups (placebo, ear mushrooms alone, and ear mushrooms with additives including cascara sagrada, etc.).

Numbers of bowel movement, straining, sense of incomplete evacuation, stool consistency, satisfactory relief, abdominal pain/discomfort and colon transit time were evaluated and analyzed before, during and after the treatment.

Both ear mushrooms alone and ear mushrooms with additives significantly improved a number of bowel movement, straining, sense of incomplete evacuation.

Furthermore, both applications also improved stool consistency and satisfactory relief in the participants.

Compared to the use of ear mushrooms alone, adding herbal Cascara Sagrada was found to be more effective on the improvement of constipation.

However, compared to no side effects on the use of ear mushroom, adding herbal Cascara Sagrada may induce mild gastrointestinal discomforts in some patients.

The results clearly suggested that ear mushroom combined with herbal Cascara Sagrada and fiber may have a strong inhibition against the development and chronic constipation with no serious effects.

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada may be used alone or combined with other anti constipation functional foods for the prevention and treatment of chronic constipation with little or no side effects.

However, due to the limitation of the small sample size, we suggested that the confirmation by a large sample and multicenter human study is necessary before declaring the effective use of herbal Cascara Sagrada and its combination for the treatment of constipation.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara)
(2) Constipation in adults. by Mueller-Lissner SA, Wald A.(PubMed)
(3) [Effect of ear mushroom (Auricularia) on functional constipation].[Article in Korean] by Kim TI, Park SJ, Choi CH, Lee SK, Kim WH.(PubMed)
(4) Defecation-Specific Behavior in Children with Functional Defecation Issues: A Systematic Review by Isabelle Beaudry-Bellefeuille, MSc. (PMC)

Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), The Best for the Prevention and Treatment of Liver cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Herbal Cascara sagrada processed a bioactive compound emodin may have a significant and potential effect in reducing the risk and treatment of liver cancer, according to studies.

Liver cancer is a medical and chronic condition caused by irregular cell growth in the liver tissues, due to the alternation of cell DNA.

The liver organ is one of the organs with a lack of nerve tissue, therefore liver cancer does not induce pain until the later stage.

At the advanced stage of liver cancer, the cancer cell may travel a distance away to infect other tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society, every year, approximately, 1,900 men and 580 women are diagnosed with liver cancer, causing the death of 950 men and 270 women.

In 2017, 2,500 Canadians were diagnosed with liver cancer and 1,200 Canadians died from liver cancer.

Compared to the early stage of other cancer, the 5 years survival rate in the early stage diagnosis is only 31% and 43% of people with liver cancer diagnosed at stage 0 and 1.

The exact causes of liver cancer are unknown. Hoever, chronic infection with hepatitis virus, cirrhosis, gentic preposition, a medical condition of diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and excessive alcohol consumption are some of the most prevalent risk factors of liver cancer, epidemiologically.

Dr. Chuang SC, the lead scientist in the concern of excessive alcohol drinking in risk of liver cancer, wrote, "Compared to individuals who never drank or drank at very low frequencies, the meta-relative risk (mRR) forever drinkers was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.16-1.42) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.27-1.65) for case-control studies".

And, "The dose-response relation between alcohol and liver cancer was apparent with RR = 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.11) for 12 g/day (~1 drink), 1.54 (95% CI 1.36-1.74) for 50 g/day, 2.14 (95% CI 1.74-2.62) for 75 g/day, 3.21 (95% CI 2.34-4.40) for 100 g/day, and 5.20 (95% CI 3.25-8.29) for 125 g/day of alcohol consumption".

The finding clearly suggested, one alcoholic drink per day (~12 g/day) may be associated with 1.1 times higher liver cancer risk and risk of liver cancer increases proportionally to the volume intake per day.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America. The herbal bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..

The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of liver cancer examined the effect of emodin, a bioactive ingredient isolated from herbal Cascara Sagrada against CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling cascade which plays an important role in the process of invasion and metastasis of liver cancer.

Where The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a pathway involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival.

Injection of emodin inhibited the expression of CXCR4 in a dose-and time-dependent manner in HCC cells. 

Treatment of emodin demonstrated a better effect compared to the pharmacological proteasome and lysosomal inhibitors on the decrease in CXCR4 expression.

The suppression of CXCR4 expression was attributed to several mechanisms, including the inhibition of cancer cells mRNA expression, a protein associated with cancer cell proliferation and production of antigens by the innate immunity.

Furthermore, emodin treatment significantly suppressed metastasis to the lungs in an orthotopic HCC mice model and CXCR4 expression in tumor tissues.

In other human cancers cell lines, emodin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through cell cycle arrest.

According to the Western blot data, emodin inhibited cancer cell growth through a set of mechanisms, including cell degradation and protein associated with cells death programming.

Moreover, application emodin increased the expression in the initiation of cytotoxicity against HepG2 without causing harm to the nearby healthy cells.

Additionally, emodin increased the protein p53 associated with tumor suppression and decreased the protein involved in cancer cell proliferation in HepG2 cells.

These results suggest that emodin induces apoptosis in liver cancer cell line through a multifaceted complex cascade of events.

Taken altogether, herbal Cascara Sagrada processed a major bioactive compound emodin may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Emodin suppresses migration and invasion through the modulation of CXCR4 expression in an orthotopic model of human hepatocellular carcinoma by Manu KA, Shanmugam MK, Ong TH, Subramaniam A, Siveen KS, Perumal E, Samy RP, Bist P, Lim LH, Kumar AP, Hui KM, Sethi G.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin regulates apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells by Yu JQ, Bao W, Lei JC.(PubMed)
(3) Apoptosis by aloe-emodin is mediated through down-regulation of calpain-2 and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells by Jeon W, Jeon YK, Nam MJ.(PubMed)
(4) Alcohol consumption and liver cancer risk: a meta-analysis by Chuang SC1, Lee YC, Wu GJ, Straif K, Hashibe M. (PubMed)